satellite technologies for fisheries monitoring, control ... · jrc – ipsc – maritime affairs 1...

JRC – IPSC – Maritime Affairs 1

IPSC - Institute for the Protection and Security of the CitizenMaritime Affairs Unit

Satellite Technologies for Fisheries Monitoring, Control and Surveillance (MCS)

Juan Cicuendez, Marlene AlvarezJRC Info Day

Madrid, 2 June 2010

JRC Info Day, Madrid, 2 June 2010 2

Fisheries Monitoring, Surveillance and Control

Motivation• Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) includes regulations to limit fishing effort and

total allowable catches (TACs), avoid overfishing and combat illegal, unregulated and unreported (IUU) fishing

• Risk is fish stocks collapse, fishing industry is ruined• Need to enforce the common rules and check for non-compliance

Monitoring and control tools• Inspections at sea (vessel/aircraft patrols)• Control of landings• Other controls (market, transport etc.)• Automated systems to detect fishing vessel activity


Vessel Monitoring System

• Automatic position reports from fishing vessels, sent to Flag State’s fisheries inspection authorities (FMC, Fisheries Monitoring Centre)

- “Blue box”, GPS receiver + communications unit- Reporting frequency: 1 or 2 hours.

- Some boxes can be polled, i.e. respond on request

• Flag State forwards to Coastal State or to convention area secretariat (e.g., NEAFC, ICCAT)• EU fishing vessels with overall length > 15 m• Global coverage thanks to satellite communications

VMS is a powerful tool in fisheries MCS

Designed for fisheries management and control

But has still problems to overcome:• Some vessels may not have VMS• System may fail or be switched off• Vessels might transmit false positions

FMC

INMARSAT GPS

Based on a concept developed by JRC, EU Fisheries Council of 12/2002 asked MS to carry out pilot projects to assess the use of satellite remote sensing as an additional control tool


AIS: Automatic Identification System

Picture from Kongsberg Seatex

• Introduced by International Maritime Organisation (IMO)• Each merchant ship carries a transponder that automatically communicates to all neighbouring ships by VHF radio link

- ID, position, speed, heading; cargo, draught, origin, destination, …

- High reporting frequency

• For ships >300 GT, tankers, passenger vessels• Gradually extended to fishing vessels• AIS receiver on the coast will give local picture

- Ashore (range of approx 60 NMiles)

• Many countries are installing coastal AIS network• Some companies offer AIS access on the web (e.g. AISLive.com, marinetraffic.com )

Designed for maritime traffic safety (collision avoidance)


Vessel Detection System (VDS) JRC concept

1) Detect vessels using SAR imagery• Automatic vessel detection (SUMO)

2) Cross-check with other positioning data:• VMS (Vessel Monitoring System)• AIS (Automatic Identification System)• Sightings (from inspections)

3) Signal / report mismatching• Possible presence of non cooperative vessels – fishing vessels from which no VMS reports have been received –• Fishing vessels possibly manipulating their position, in cases where VMS reports do not match with detected targets

Radarsat-1 © CSA/MDA

Polar orbit

Equatorial orbit

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) instruments:Can detect vessels at sea under most conditions• day & night & through clouds• Must wait until satellite passes within range• One image every 1 to 4 days depending on latitude


Wide coverage, low resolution Narrow coverage, high resolution

Technological possibilities with satellites

Experience on:- RADARSAT-1- ENVISAT ASAR

50 Km

Defining a campaign: specific fisheries; time & space constraints

Close box

VMS data analysis

EEZ

25 m resolution

100 KmDG MARE, CFCA & MS involved in BFT fisheries

New sensors to explore:- RADARSAT-2- TerraSAR-X- CosmoSKYMed

50 m resolution

300 Km NEAFC secretariat & Icelandic Coast Guard

8 m resolution

DG MARE, CFCA & Swedish Coast Guard

50 Km


Lampedusa

Pantelleria

Total: 15-90 minutesTotal: 15-90 minutes

Satellite image acquisition

Satellite image acquisition

JRC’s vessel detection software

JRC’s vessel detection software

Reception of other positioning data

Reception of other positioning data

Data fusion and reporting to inspectors

Data fusion and reporting to inspectors

Typical VDS scenario

Automatic Identification System (AIS) Vessel Monitoring System (VMS)


Towing directionestimated

Reporting to inspection means

- List of target positions- xml file- .kmz file (Google Earth)

13 June 2007 Malta to Libya

Radarsat-1 © CSA/MDA


Delivery time of VDS results

min-max DifficultiesImage Delivery Time 5-30 minutes- from satellite to GS - processing image 2-15 min- from GS to JRC 3-15 min - transfer of images

Analysis Time 5-30 minutes - Vessel and cage detections 2 min (automatic) - false alarms- Supervision of the analysis - if many targets

Reception of VMS very variable- if not automatic

Correlation Time 5-30 minutes - ok for AIS (timely)- Algorithm 2 min (automatic) - if no answer to- Manual intervention polling of VMS

15-90 minutesMargin for improvement


VDS campaigns carried out by JRC

Mostly in near-real-time, in European and international waters:• FP5 project IMPAST (2002-2004)• The Baltic Sea, North East Atlantic (NEAFC), the North Sea, the Bay of Biscay, Azores, Mediterranean, Barents Sea, Western Waters etc.• In close cooperation with DG MARE, the national authorities and the Community Fisheries Control Agency (CFCA)

• The VDS system can detect nearly all vessels subject to VMS under most weather conditions

• Demonstrated through several campaigns to improve the monitoring of fisheries activities

Baltic: Close box monitoring


Checking for illegal fishing in the NE Atlantic

Best added value:In open ocean and wide areas


Facts:• The world’s most valuable fish • Mostly exported to Japan (sushi & sashimi)• Mainly caught by purse seiners• Fattened in farms in the MediterraneanProblems:• Massive overfishing, stocks close to collapse• Illegal fishing and farming• In the list of endangered fish

DG-MARE requests in 2006-2008:monitor BFT fisheries and farming in the Mediterranean

Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (BFT)


Detection of cages in BFT farms

RADARSAT LimitationsQUICKBIRD (23 August 2005)60 cm resolution

Difficulties with submerged types

SPOT 5 (24 June 2005)2.5m resolution

RADARSAT Fine (2005)8m resolution

Monitoring of cages in farms of BFT


Contribute to monitoring BFT fisheries and identifying IUU (illegal fishing) activity using VDS in 2007 and 2008• Report to surveillance means interesting activity based on detected targets in satellite images (after correlation with VMS and AIS data):

- Vessels towing tuna cages from fishing grounds towards farms- Possible transfer of tuna from fishing vessels to cages- Group of vessels engaged in fishing activity- Transhipments at sea

• Provide reports in near-real-time (NRT)• Support BFT Joint Deployment Plans (JDP)• In coordination with DG MARE, CFCA and MS involved

Operational VDS campaigns in the Mediterranean

2007 2008

6 May-22 July: 99 RADARSAT-1 images

31 May-31 July: 250 RADARSAT-1 & ENVISAT images


Recent VDS technology improvements

Developments in vessel detection software (SUMO)• Automatic detection of tuna cages:

(paper to be published in IJRS)

• Vessel size classification (L, M, S)• Automatic identification of Azimuth ambiguity• New sensors: Rsat-2, TerraSAR-X• Dual polarization detector

Optical images (2.5m resolution)

SAR images (25m resolution)

Identification of tuna cages

Small signature small vessel

Potential fishing vessels

Medium signature size uncertainty

Big signature big vessel

Target size classification (for Mediterranean)(depends a lot in AOI and type of vessels)

Aerial photo from Maltese inspection


VDS benefits and future use

JRC has been running VDS campaigns for several years- In coordination with FMCs, DG MARE and CFCA- In 2007 and 2008, very large campaigns were executed in the Mediterranean

VDS technology has reached maturity- Can be used routinely as an operational service, to support surveillance operations in near-real-time

VDS is not designed to replace inspections but to complement them through better targeting

VDS can provide information when surveillance means not available

New EU regulation foresees operational use of satellites where cost/benefit can be proven from 1 January 2009

VDS is being expanded to other sectors besides fisheries (e.g. maritime security, illegal immigration, piracy etc.)

Presenter

Presentation Notes

To summarize


[email protected] [email protected]

http://ipsc.jrc.ec.europa.eu

Thank you for your attention!

satellite technologies for fisheries monitoring, control ... · jrc – ipsc – maritime affairs 1...

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