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© Crown copyright Met Office

Satellite issues relevant to Thorpex

Roger Saunders, Chris Velden + many others

Overview

C rrent stat s• Current status

• Future Geostationary

• Future Polar

K i• Key issues

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Current status

• All geostationary satellites operational (GOES changes, JMA just switched from MTSAT-1R to -2, COMSAT jlaunched)

• Last of polar NOAA satellites operational + METOP-A

• Failure of Quikscat (Ascat ok, Oceansat scat coming??)

• Failure of F-13 SSM/I data delivery

• F-18 SSMIS better quality measurements

• Chinese FY-3 series providing good data for NWP

• Extension of EOS and ENVISAT for ~ 5 years

• Terra MODIS deteriorating?

NASA Operating Missions – January 2010

OSTM/Jason 2 XX

X

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Impact of loss of QuickScat/SSM/I

© Crown copyright Met Office

Comparison of The Impact of Scatterometers on Met Office ForecastsTrial compared with

NO-SCAT control

Score against observations

• The table shows that ASCAT gives approximately the same impact as

NO-SCAT control(+/- 0.05)

ALLSCAT +0.97

ASCAT only +0.61

QuikSCAT only +0.66

The table shows that ASCAT gives approximately the same impact as Seawinds on Met Office forecasts - from the June 2007 assimilation trial

• It is also clear that “Two global coverage scatterometer missions provide significantly greater benefit to the numerical weather prediction community than a single mission can deliver alone.”

- Met R&D Technical Report 511, Met Office, March 2008.

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a. NCEP/EMC Study

Data denial experiments 2005/6: – No QuikSCAT

QuikSCAT wind vectors processed– QuikSCAT wind vectors processed by NESDIS

Overall conclusion: Assimilating QuikSCAT data had little impact on NCEP GFS hurricane track errors

• Conservative QC; observation error (3.5 m/s)

• Super-obs: obs averaged in 1o x 1o boxes

– Significant wind vectors (>20 m/s) are compromised

• Short vertical error correlation lengthscale, appropriate for tropical cyclone?

WindSat v QuikScat Impacts

PMSL improvements (%) Scatterometergives good

1.5

2

2.5

3

QuikScat WindSat improvement to forecast inshort range.Windsat loses sensitivity forwinds below 5 m/s.

0

0.5

1

24 48 72 96 120 144

Forecast time (hours)

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Closing the wind void...

Incentive: not much other wind data in AMV data voids.

© Crown copyright Met Office

Useful for constraining polar front jets.

New METOP polar AMVs

MODIS AMVs METOP AMVs

More coverage

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Future GeostationarySatellites (next decade)

• Meteosat Third Generation

L h i 2016 i t llit i i 3 i t bili d• Launch in 2016, six satellites in series, 3 axis stabilised• High spectral IR Sounder 700-1210 and 1600-2175cm-1

• 16 channel VIS+IR Imager (10min scan, 2km fov)• Lightning Imager• UVNS Sounder for atmospheric chemistry (Sentinel-4)

• GOES-R Series

R launch in 2015 S launch in 2017• -R launch in 2015, -S launch in 2017

• Advanced imager

• Lightning mapper

• Space Weather instrument suite

Current GOES Launch ScheduleCurrent GOES Launch Schedule

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GOESGOES--R SpacecraftR Spacecraft

Specifications

Size: ~5.5 meters (from launch vehicle interface f )

Extreme UV/X-ray Irradiance Sensorto top of ABI)

Mass: Satellite (spacecraft and payloads) dry mass <2800kg

Power Capacity: >4000W at end‐of‐life (includes accounting for limited array degradation)

Advanced Baseline

Geostationary Lightning Mapper(GLM)

Solar UV Imager (SUVI)

Magnetometer

Space EnvironmentIn-situ Suite (SEISS)

Irradiance Sensor (EXIS)

Current Status

• Lockheed‐Martin Space Systems Co (LMSSC) 

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Imager (ABI)(GLM)

Unique Payload Services:• High Rate Information Transmission/Emergency Managers Weather

Information Network (HRIT/EMWIN)• Data Collection System (DCS)• Search and Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking (SARSAT) Repeater• GOES-R Re-Broadcast (GRB)

began work on July 22, 2009

• Spacecraft System Definition Review (SDR)  completed March 9‐10, 2010 

• Conducted Integrated Baseline Review (IBR) Apr 27, 2010

Future GeostationarySatellites (next decade)

• Advanced Hyperspectral Sounder Update (U.S)

• GeoMetWatch (GMW), a commercial entity, has responded to a solicitation by NOAA to provide an innovative approach of co-hosting an operational, hyper-spectral Geo sounder on one of the many existing commercial satellite systems.

• Fee-for-Service, 24/7 operational sounder data

• The GMW commercial sounder would restore most of the capabilities of the previously proposed HES.

• The spectral resolution of the GMW sounder is currently proposed to be the same as the GIFTS spec and comparable with 2 of the original HES bands trade studies.

• Proposed coverage implementation: 2014-2020 (6 operational sounders, global coverage)

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Proposed Coverage Implementation: 2014-2020

Six Commercial Sounders give global coverage with overlap enabling cross-

calibration.

Two spares (on-orbit or on-ground) will provide redundant capability.

Future PolarSatellites (next decade)

• ESA ADM delay to 2013 due to laser reliability

• Japanese GCOM-W will provide AMSR continuity and new• Japanese GCOM-W will provide AMSR continuity and new scatterometer from NASA

• JPSS (replaces NPOESS)

• NPP no sooner than Sept. 2011

• First JPSS 2014-15 launch in PM orbit

• VIIRS, CrIS, ATMS, OMPS and CERES/ERBS

• DWSS to replace DMSP ~ 2018

• Post EPS

• Under definition studies

• Base payload: Vir/IR imager, IR sounder, MW sounder, scatterometer, UVNS sounder

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NASA Foundational Mission Status

OCO-reflight???

GLORY11/2010

AQUARIUS12/2010

NPPNET 9/2011

LDCM12/2012

with TIRS

GPM7/2013, 11/2014

NASA Earth Science Decadal Survey Missions2010-2018 ~2018-2025 ~2025-2032

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High resolution models

1.5km Model

How to assimilatesatellite data in this model ?

Meteosat IR

Main messages

• Loss of Quikscat and SSMI/I is degrading NWP

• Extended life of some research satellites helps to mitigate losses elsewhere

• Hyperspectral sounder in GEO orbit now approved by Europe on MTG

• Contribution to GOS by nations increasing (e.g. FY-3, Oceansat)

• Further delay in wind lidar

• Challenge of assimilation of satellite data in high resolution local area models