Satellite based monitoring of Satellite based monitoring of Satellite based monitoring of Satellite based monitoring of marine and coastal environment of marine and coastal environment of the Northwest Pacificthe Northwest Pacific

Genki TerauchiGenki Terauchi*1*1 and Joji Ishizakaand Joji Ishizaka22Genki TerauchiGenki Terauchi and Joji Ishizakaand Joji Ishizaka1.1.NOWPAP CEARACNOWPAP CEARAC22 Nagoya UniversityNagoya University2.2.Nagoya UniversityNagoya University

OutlineOutline

1. Regional Sea Program and NOWPAP1. Regional Sea Program and NOWPAP

2. Mission of NOWPAP CEARAC2. Mission of NOWPAP CEARAC

3. CEARAC activities related to satellite based 3. CEARAC activities related to satellite based 3. CEARAC activities related to satellite based 3. CEARAC activities related to satellite based monitoring of marine and coastal environmentmonitoring of marine and coastal environment

4 A ti iti f 20124 A ti iti f 2012 201320134. Activities for 20124. Activities for 2012--20132013

1. Regional Sea Program and NOWPAP 1. Regional Sea Program and NOWPAP g gg gRegional Sea Program (RSP)Regional Sea Program (RSP)

Launched in 1974 by UNEP to Launched in 1974 by UNEP to Launched in 1974 by UNEP to Launched in 1974 by UNEP to address the accelerating address the accelerating degradation of the world’s degradation of the world’s oceans and coastal areas.oceans and coastal areas.RSP covers 18 regions across RSP covers 18 regions across the world today the world today the world today the world today

NOWPAPNOWPAPNOWPAP region

Adopted Adopted in 1994in 1994

China, Japan Korea and RussiaChina, Japan Korea and RussiaLatitude 33 Latitude 33 5252OONNLatitude 33 Latitude 33 -- 5252OONNLongitude 121 Longitude 121 –– 143E 143E

Structure of NOWPAPInter-governmental

MeetingChina JapanChina JapanKorea Russia MERRAC ,Korea

(Marine Environmental Emergency Preparedness

DINRAC, China(Data and Information

N k & Response Regional Activity Center)

NetworkRegional Activity Centre)

Regional Coordinating UnitToyama Office

JBusan Office

KJapan Korea

CEARAC, JapanCEARAC, Japan(Special Monitoring & Coastal Environmental Assessment Regional

POMRAC, Russia(Pollution Monitoring

Regional Activity Centre)gActivity Centre)

2 Mission of NOWPAP CEARAC2 Mission of NOWPAP CEARAC2. Mission of NOWPAP CEARAC2. Mission of NOWPAP CEARACMissionMission

Assessment of the state of the marine, coastal and Assessment of the state of the marine, coastal and associated fresh water environmentassociated fresh water environmentDevelopment of tool for environmental monitoring Development of tool for environmental monitoring and assessment by satellite remote sensing and assessment by satellite remote sensing

ActivitiesActivitiesHarmful Algal Blooms Harmful Algal Blooms ggRemote Sensing of Marine EnvironmentRemote Sensing of Marine EnvironmentAssessment of eutrophicationAssessment of eutrophicationMarine LittersMarine LittersMarine biodiversityMarine biodiversity

3. CEARAC activities related to satellite based 3. CEARAC activities related to satellite based monitoring of marine and coastal environment

Publication of reportsPublication of reports

Provision of satellite data through websitesProvision of satellite data through websitesProvision of satellite data through websitesProvision of satellite data through websites

Capacity building activities for utilization of satellite dataCapacity building activities for utilization of satellite data

Development of methodology for monitoring and assessment Development of methodology for monitoring and assessment of marine and coastal environment by satellite remote of marine and coastal environment by satellite remote yysensingsensing

The above activities are carried out by CEARAC under the support of NOWPAP Working Group 4, comprised of experts from each NOWPAP member countries.

Publicationshttp://cearac.nowpap.org/publications/index.html

National Reports on Ocean Remote Sensing of the NOWPAP Region (2005, 2011)2011)

Integrated Report on Ocean Remote Sensing of the NOWPAP Region (2005)

Eutrophication Monitoring Guidelines by Remote Sensing for the NOWPAP Region (2007)

Integrated Report on Eutrophication Assessment in Selected Sea Areas in the NOWPAP Region: Evaluation of the NOWPAP Common Procedure (2011)

National Report Integrated Report Eutrophication Monitoring Guidelines

Provision of satellite dataProvision of satellite dataNPEC Marine Environmental Watchhtt // 3 j /http://ocean.nowpap3.go.jp/

Sea surface Sea surface temperature

Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll-a concentration

NPEC Marine Environmental WatchNPEC Marine Environmental WatchNPEC Marine Environmental WatchNPEC Marine Environmental WatchMarine Calendar Marine Calendar –– daily satellite imagesdaily satellite imagesAriake Bay, Japan

South Sea in Korea

North sea area of Shandong peninsulaShandong peninsula, China

Peter the Great Bay

NOWPAP Ocean Remote Sensing PortalNOWPAP Ocean Remote Sensing Portalhttp://www.cearac-project.org/wg4/portalsite/providing links to website and publications onproviding links to website and publications on ocean remote sensing

NOWPAP Ocean Remote SensingNOWPAP Ocean Remote SensingNOWPAP Ocean Remote Sensing NOWPAP Ocean Remote Sensing PortalPortalGeo referenced satellite images for various applications are available.

Mapping on Google EarthDescription Google Map

Website on oil spill monitoring by Website on oil spill monitoring by iiremote sensingremote sensing

http://cearac poi dvo ru/en/http://cearac.poi.dvo.ru/en/Providing information on techniques and satellite images on oil spill detection by remotesensingg

Development of procedures for Development of procedures for holistic eutrophication assessmentholistic eutrophication assessment

Procedures for assessment of Procedures for assessment of Procedures for assessment of Procedures for assessment of eutrophication status including eutrophication status including evaluation of landevaluation of land--based based

The Common Procedures

evaluation of landevaluation of land based based sources for nutrients for the sources for nutrients for the NOWPAP region (June, 2009)NOWPAP region (June, 2009)g ( , )g ( , )

Developed with experts of HAB Developed with experts of HAB and Ocean Remote sensing and Ocean Remote sensing and Ocean Remote sensing, and Ocean Remote sensing, referring to experiences in referring to experiences in European countries such as European countries such as European countries such as European countries such as HELCOM and OSPAR HELCOM and OSPAR

A il bl CEARAC W b it t A il bl CEARAC W b it t Available on CEARAC Website at Available on CEARAC Website at http://cearac.nowpap.org/http://cearac.nowpap.org/

Past training courses on remote sensing in the Northwest Pacific

2009 2011

in the Northwest Pacific

support

October 2013Ocean University of ChinaOcean University of ChinaChinese National Environmental Monitoring Center

2007

2008

IOC/WESTPAC

Ongoing activities for 2012 2013Ongoing activities for 2012 2013Ongoing activities for 2012-2013Ongoing activities for 2012-2013

Regular update of existing websites related remote sensing

Recent publicationsLinks to newly established websites

Development of methodology to preliminary assess marine eutrophication by satellite

4th NOWPAP remote sensing training course

For further information, please visit, phttp://cearac.nowpap.org/

Preliminary assessment of coastal Preliminary assessment of coastal i t hi ti b t i t hi ti b t marine eutrophication by remote marine eutrophication by remote

sensingsensing

Genki TerauchiGenki Terauchi1 21 2 Ryo TsujimotoRyo Tsujimoto11 and Joji Ishizakaand Joji Ishizaka33Genki TerauchiGenki Terauchi1 21 2 Ryo TsujimotoRyo Tsujimoto11 and Joji Ishizakaand Joji Ishizaka33Genki TerauchiGenki Terauchi1,21,2, Ryo Tsujimoto, Ryo Tsujimoto11 and Joji Ishizakaand Joji Ishizaka33

1. Northwest Pacific Environmental Cooperation Center 1. Northwest Pacific Environmental Cooperation Center 2. Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki University 2. Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki University

Genki TerauchiGenki Terauchi1,21,2, Ryo Tsujimoto, Ryo Tsujimoto11 and Joji Ishizakaand Joji Ishizaka33

1. Northwest Pacific Environmental Cooperation Center 1. Northwest Pacific Environmental Cooperation Center 2. Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki University 2. Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki University gy g ygy g y3. Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University3. Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University

Corresponding author. ECorresponding author. E--mail: terauchi@npec.or.jpmail: terauchi@npec.or.jp

gy g ygy g y3. Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University3. Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University

Corresponding author. ECorresponding author. E--mail: terauchi@npec.or.jpmail: terauchi@npec.or.jp

OutlineOutline1. Background1. Background

Procedures Procedures for assessment of eutrophication status for assessment of eutrophication status Procedures Procedures for assessment of eutrophication status for assessment of eutrophication status including evaluation of landincluding evaluation of land--based sources for based sources for nutrients for the NOWPAP region (June, 2009)nutrients for the NOWPAP region (June, 2009)nutrients for the NOWPAP region (June, 2009)nutrients for the NOWPAP region (June, 2009)

2. Ideas behind the preliminary eutrophication 2. Ideas behind the preliminary eutrophication t b t it b t iassessment by remote sensingassessment by remote sensing

3. Data and method3. Data and method

4. Result of preliminary assessment in Toyama Bay4. Result of preliminary assessment in Toyama Bay

5. Application of the preliminary assessment approach 5. Application of the preliminary assessment approach in other part of Northwest Pacific regionin other part of Northwest Pacific region

6. Conclusion6. Conclusion

1. Background1. BackgroundProcedures for assessment of Procedures for assessment of Procedures for assessment of Procedures for assessment of eutrophication status including eutrophication status including evaluation of landevaluation of land--based based

The Common Procedures

evaluation of landevaluation of land based based sources for nutrients for the sources for nutrients for the NOWPAP region (June, 2009)NOWPAP region (June, 2009)g ( , )g ( , )

Developed with experts of HAB Developed with experts of HAB and Ocean Remote sensing and Ocean Remote sensing and Ocean Remote sensing, and Ocean Remote sensing, referring to experiences in referring to experiences in European countries such as European countries such as European countries such as European countries such as HELCOM and OSPAR HELCOM and OSPAR

A il bl CEARAC W b it t A il bl CEARAC W b it t Available on CEARAC Website at Available on CEARAC Website at http://cearac.nowpap.org/http://cearac.nowpap.org/

2. Ideas behind 2. Ideas behind -- Strength and Strength and weakness in satellite and in situ weakness in satellite and in situ based monitoring based monitoring based monitoring based monitoring Means of observation Strength Weaknesses

Satellite Remote Sensing

•Wider area and higher temporal coverage

•Low accuracy in estimation of Chl-a in coastal areacoverage

•Free data access over the Internet•Objectively detect

coastal area•No data obtained under cloud•Data is available only

Preliminary Assessment

f i g •Objectively detect relative change

•Data is available only at sea surface

Ship board •Obtain data under

for screening

measurement sea surface•Can obtain accurate measured value

•Data represent only point of information•Analysis of Chl-a need

H li i A •Can obtain many parameters •Long time series

yexpertise•Costly

Holistic Assessment

2 Ideas behind2 Ideas behind2. Ideas behind2. Ideas behindConcept of methodologyConcept of methodologyObjectiveObjective

To detect potential eutrophic area only with satellite To detect potential eutrophic area only with satellite To detect potential eutrophic area only with satellite To detect potential eutrophic area only with satellite derived Chlorophyllderived Chlorophyll--a concentration (satellite Chla concentration (satellite Chl--a) a)

Preliminary AssessmentPreliminary AssessmentSecondary checkupfor finding driversHolistic Assessment

Detection of potential Detection of potential eutrophic areaseutrophic areas

by satellite Chlby satellite Chl--aa

Holistic assessmentin the detected potential eutrophic areas with the

Detailed assessmentin the detected potential eutrophic areas with the by satellite Chlby satellite Chl aa p

Common Procedureseutrophic areas with the

Common Procedures

2. Ideas behind2. Ideas behind2. Ideas behind2. Ideas behindSimplifying environmental signals Simplifying environmental signals

2. Ideas2. Ideas--behindbehindClassification of EutrophicationClassification of Eutrophication

HDCurrent status high

but decreasing trend

HNCurrent status high but no decreasing or increasing trend

HICurrent status high

and increasing trenddecreasing trend or increasing trend increasing trend

LD LN LILDCurrent status low

anddecreasing trend

LNCurrent status low

and no decreasing or increasing trend

LICurrent status low

but increasing trendg g g

Classification base on the Common Procedures (NOWPAP CEARAC, 2009)Classification base on the Common Procedures (NOWPAP CEARAC, 2009)

3. Data used : satellite data3. Data used : satellite dataSensor NASDA (JAXA) OCTS on ADEOS

NASA SeaWiFS on Orbview 2NASA MODIS on Aqua

Algorithm R2009 NASA standard datasetsDuration 13 Years from Jan 1997 to Dec 2009Data Monthly compositeData Monthly compositeArea Toyama Bay (36.5 to 38ON, 136.5 to 138.5OE)

Jun Dec

MODIS (Aqua)MODIS (Aqua)Present

Jun2002

SeaWiFSSeaWiFS

2009

OCTSOCTS Sep1997

Dec2004

SeaWiFSSeaWiFS

Nov1996

Jun1997

1997 2004

3. Data used : 3. Data used : in situin situ datadataRiver discharge Daily river discharge in the Oyabe and Jinzu RiversTotal Nitrogen

d h hTN and TP in the Oyabe and Jinzu Rivers( hl b d f 986 200 d and Phosphate (monthly observed from 1986 to 2005 and quarterly from 2006 to 2008)

In situ Chl-a Ship observed data at 2km offshore

°136.5°E 138.5°E

In situ Chl a Ship observed data at 2km offshorefrom Apri1997 to Dec 2009

38.0°NLocation of study area

TToyamaBayToyamaBay

1 23 4 56

7

● Water sampling

36.5°NJinzu River

Oyabe River

● Water sampling stations of in situ Chl-a

3. Methods 3. Methods ––h d hlh d hlHigh and Low ChlHigh and Low Chl--aa areaarea

(a) (b)(a) (b)

High Chl-a

Low Chl-a(ug l-1)

Detection of High and Low Chl-a area in Toyama Bay.(a)13-years overall mean of satellite Chl-a. (b) High and Low Chl-aarea determined by the Chl-a level more than 5 ug l-1 referring to the y g gMedium Chl-a condition (>5, <20 ug l-1) of Bricker et al. (2003).

3. Methods3. Methodsl hll hl ddDetecting interannual ChlDetecting interannual Chl--aa trendtrend

(a) (b)(a) (b)

Increase TrendNo Trend

Decrease Trend

(ug l-1/ year)

13-years of satellite Chl-a trend.(a) The trend of annual Chl-a max in monthly mean Chl-a and its significance were estimated at pixel wise by the Sen Slope test at 90%significance were estimated at pixel wise by the Sen Slope test at 90% confidence level. (b) Increase Trend, No Trend and Decrease Trend area were then detected.

4. Results4. Results-- Preliminary assessment Preliminary assessment of eutrophication in Toyama Bayof eutrophication in Toyama Bay

Potential eutrophic area?Potential eutrophic area?Potential eutrophic area?Potential eutrophic area?

HD HN HI

LD LN LI

4. Results 4. Results --Validation of satellite Validation of satellite ChlChl--a a hh hlhlwith in situ with in situ ChlChl--aa

100 100

m-3

)

m-3

)

10

100

10

100

hl-a

(mg

m

hl-a

(mg

m

1 1

10

aWiF

S C

h

OD

IS-A

Ch

0.1 0.1

Se

MO

0.010 01 0 1 1 10 100

0.010 01 0 1 1 10 1000.01 0.1 1 10 100 0.01 0.1 1 10 100

In situ Chl-a (mg m-3)

Comparison of satellite and in situ Chl-a during the studied period in Toyama Bay coastal area.

4. Results 4. Results –– Interannual change of Interannual change of l i i i t f TN d TP l i i i t f TN d TP annual riverine input of TN and TP annual riverine input of TN and TP

30.00

15 00

20.00

25.00

Jinzu TN

ton/

s)

5.00

10.00

15.00 Oyabe TNTN

(t

0.00 2.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

Jinzu TPn/s)

0.00

0.50

1.00

6 7 8 9 0 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 2 4 5 6 7 8

Jinzu TP

Oyabe TPTP (t

on

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

199 4

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

200 2

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

5. Application of the preliminary 5. Application of the preliminary 5. Application of the preliminary 5. Application of the preliminary assessment in Northwest Pacific regionassessment in Northwest Pacific region

HD HN HI

LD LN LI

Tunings requiredTunings required

#1 Reference condition to#1 Reference condition to#1. Reference condition to #1. Reference condition to determine High and Low Chldetermine High and Low Chl--aa

Wh t i i t ChlWh t i i t ChlWhat is appropriate ChlWhat is appropriate Chl--a a amount to maintain balance food amount to maintain balance food web?web?

#2. Reliability of satellite Chl#2. Reliability of satellite Chl--aa

Is the standard satellite data Is the standard satellite data accurate enough?accurate enough?

5. Application of the preliminary 5. Application of the preliminary 5. Application of the preliminary 5. Application of the preliminary assessment in Northwest Pacific regionassessment in Northwest Pacific region

Why the result so different?

HD HN HI

Why the result so different?

LD LN LI

Standard algorithm YSLME Case 2 algorithm

6 Conclusion6 Conclusion6. Conclusion6. Conclusion

Preliminary assessment of eutrophication by satellitePreliminary assessment of eutrophication by satelliteUsefulness was validated in Toyama Bay

Application to the suggested methodology to the other areas

Things to be tunedReference Chl-a condition Al i h f Algorithms for case II water

Collaboration with YSLMEC i t b t Consistency between sensors

Thank you very y ymuch!