sasjelarsrulebis_samartali.pdf

sasjelaRsrulebis samarTali

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moris SalikaSvili givi miqanaZe maia (zoia) xasia

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moris SalikaSvili

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maia (zoia) xasia

sasjelaRsrulebis

samarTali(saxelmZRvanelo)

Tbilisi2014

gamocemulia fond `Ria sazogadoeba - saqarTvelos~ finan-suri mxardaWeriT. avtoris/avtorebis mier saxelmZRvene-loSi gamoTqmuli mosazreba SesaZloa ar gamoxatavdes fon-dis pozicias. Sesabamisad, fondi ar aris pasuxismgebeli ma-salis Sinaarsze.

Published with the fi nancial support of the Open Society Georgia Foundati on. The views, opinions and statements expressed by the authors and those pro-viding comments are theirs only and do not necessarily refl ect the positi on of the Foundati on. Therefore, the Open Society Georgia Foundati on is not responsible for the content of the informati on material.

moris SalikaSvili:

givi miqanaZe:

maia (zoia) xasia:

anton qelbaqiani:

Sesavali; pirveli Tavi; mesame Tavi; 4.3 qveTavi; merve Tavi; 10.1 qveTavi; meTerTmete Tavi; meTormete Tavi.

meore Tavi; 4.2 qveTavi; meSvide Tavi; 9.5 qveTavi; mecamete Tavi

4.1 qveTavi; mexuTe Tavi; meeqvse Tavi; mecxre Tavi.

meaTe Tavi (10.1 qveTavis garda).

ISBN 978-9941-9354-6-6

gamomcemloba `iuristebis samyaro~

Tbilisi, m. kostavas #75; tel:. 238 35 99; 557 51 51 34E-mail: [email protected]; htt ps://www.facebook.com/PublishingHouselawyersworld

gamocemis raodenoba 300 cali

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winasityvaoba

winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo sasjelaRsrulebis sis-temis saqmianobis, msjavrdebulebTan mopyrobis maregu-lirebeli erovnuli kanonmdeblobisa da saerTaSoriso standartebis erT saxelmZRvanelod warmodgenis pirveli mcdelobaa.

sasjelaRsrulebis samarTlis swavla saqarTvelos umaRles saswavleblebSi aqtualuri gaxda bolo wleb-Si. saswavlo procesis srulyofis mizniT mniSvnelovania studentebs xeli miuwvdebodeT ara mxolod mSral saka-nonmdeblo aqtebsa da kanonqvemdebare dokumentebze, ara med hqondeT kvalificiuri ganmartebis safuZvelze kanonmdeblobis sworad aRqmisa da gagebis SesaZlebloba.

marTalia msoflioSi arsebobs sasjelaRsrulebis sis-temis maregulirebeli saerTaSoriso standartebis far-To speqtri, mTavaria sazogadoebis dainteresebul nawi-ls (studentebs, sistemis TanamSromlebsa Tu sxva msurve-lebs) sworad miewodoT informacia misi daniSnulebisa da gamoyenebis gzebze.

saxelmZRvanelos avtorebis mxridan garda sakanonm-deblo aqtebisa, mniSvnelovani yuradReba daeTmo evropis sasamarTlos praqtikas adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis im nawilSi, romelic asaxavs sasjelaRsrulebis sistemaSi Ca-denil faqtebs, rac studentebs farTo msjelobis saSua-lebas miscems.

aseve, saxelmZRvaneloSi ganxilulia sxvadasxva qvey-nis praqtika sasjelaRsrulebis sistemis saqmianobasa Tu sasjelis aRsrulebis procesTan dakavSirebiT, rac stu-dentebs aZlevs SedarebiTi analizis SesaZleblobas.

winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo miznad isaxavs sasje-laRsrulebis sistemasTan dakavSirebiT sayovelTaod aRiarebuli standartebisa da erovnuli kanonmdeblobis gadmocemas praqtikuli saxelmZRvanelos saxiT, rac um-niSvnelovanesi saxelmZRvanelo masala iqneba, rogorc

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umaRlesi saswavleblebis iuridiuli fakultetis stu-dentebisTvis, aseve penitencialuri da probaciis siste-mis TanamSromlebisTvis, romlebic swavlebas gaivlian saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis saminis-tros s.s.i.p. `sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis saswavlo centrSi~.

saxelmZRvanelos avtorTa jgufi gansakuTrebul madlierebas gamoxatavs fondi `Ria sazogadoeba - saqar-Tvelo~-s mimarT, romlis mxardaWeriTac ganxorcielda saxelmZRvanelos momzadeba da gamocema.

avtorTa jgufi madlobas uxdis yvela im adamians, romlebic CarTulni iyvnen saxelmZRvanelos momzadebaSi: ana ZaZamias, anton qelbaqians da arCil ordeniZes, agre-Tve, saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis sami-nistros, sasjelaRsrulebis departamentisa da probaci-is erovnuli saagentos warmomadgenlebs, romelTac fas-daudebeli masala miawodes avtorebs saxelmZRvaneloze muSaobis procesSi.

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Sesavali

sasjelaRsrulebis samarTlis swavla saqarTvelos umaRles saswavleblebSi arasodes yofila iseTi aq-tualuri rogorc bolo aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi.

2006 wlis TebervalSi imdroindelma saqarTvelos prezidentma mixeil saakaSvilma yovelwliuri Semajamebe-li saangariSo saparlamento moxsenebisas gamoacxada, rom qveyanaSi danaSaulis mimarT unda dawyebuliyo `nulovani tolerantoba~ da samarTaldamcav organoebs mouwoda ga-nexorcielebinaT principi - `yvela cixeSi~.

saqarTveloSi gamocxadebulma nulovani toleranto-bis kriminalurma politikam da `yvela cixeSi~ principis gatarebam metad mZime Sedegebi iqonia sasjelaRsrulebiT dawesebulebebze - gamoiwvia maTi gadatvirTva.1 `saqar-TveloSi adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis angariSSi bolo wlebSi xSirad iyo miTiTebuli sasjelaR-srulebis dawesebulebebis gadatvirTulobis gamo ada-mianis uflebebis darRvevis Taobaze.

sasjelaRsrulebis samarTlis swavleba SeuZlebelia mxolod erTi romelime kanonis safuZvelze. sasjelaR-srulebis samarTlis sagnis swavlebis dros yuradReba unda gamaxvildes saqarTvelos konstituciis im princi-pebze, romlebic msjavrdebulisTvis/braldebulisTvis sasicocxlo mniSvnelobisaa. SeuZlebelia aseve sasje-laRsrulebis samarTlis sagnis swavleba sisxlis samarT-lis normebis gamoyenebis da analizis gareSe. mniSvnelo-vania aseve sasjelaRsrulebis samarTali (mag.: msjavrde-bulis resocializacia; cixis subkulturis kvleva da a.S.) ganxilul iqnas kriminologiis kuTxiT.

1 `nulovani tolerantobis~ kriminaluri politikis Sedegebis Sesaxeb ixileT: m. SalikaSvili, arasrulwlovanTa ganridebis da mediaciis programis sisxlissamarTlebrivi, kriminologiuri da fsiqologiuri aspeqtebi. Tbilisi 2013. gv. 25-27.

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ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi 2007 wlidan sistematurad iswavleba sas-jelaRsrulebis samarTali. am disciplinas yovelwliu-rad 100-150 studenti Seiswavlis. studentebi sagans swa-vlobdnen leqtoris mier maTTvis gadacemuli masalis sa-fuZvelze. am sferos eqspertebSi ramdenjerme dadga dRis wesrigSi sasjelaRsrulebis samarTlis saxelmZRvanelos daweris idea, Tumca usaxsrobis gamo am ideam ver hpova ganxorcieleba. 2012 wels eqspertTa jgufma fondisgan `Ria sazogadoeba - saqarTvelo~ miiRo samecniero granti, romlis farglebSic moxerxda winamdebare saxelmZRvane-los damuSaveba da gamocema.

sasjelaRsrulebis samarTlis saxelmZRvanelos ga-mocema xels Seuwyobs rogorc dargis ganviTarebas, aseve sasjelaRsrulebis samarTliT studentTa dainterese-bas. am sferoTi dainteresebuli studentebi Seqmnian mo-mavlis im birTvs, romlebic SeZleben sistemis gadaxali-sebas da evropuli standartebis donemde miyvanas.

sasjelaRsrulebis sistemaSi adamianis uflebebis da-cva SeuZlebelia am uflebebis codnis gareSe. mocemuli saxelmZRvanelo farTod ganixilavs patimarTa im ufle-bebs, romlis dacvac aucilebelia sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis TanamSromlebis mier.

samwuxaroa, rom sasjelaRsrulebis samarTlis Temaze qarTulenovani naSromebi Zalian cotaa, amitom avtor-Ta koleqtivi Seecada aqtiurad gamoeyenebina rogorc ucxoenovani literatura, aseve saqarTvelos sakonsti-tucio sasamarTlos da adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi.

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pirveli Tavi

sasjelaRsrulebis samarTlis adgili samarTlis sistemaSi

1.1 sasjelaRsrulebis samarTli da misi adgili samarTlis sistemaSi

klasikuri midgomiT samarTali iyofa or sferod: ker-Zo da sajaro. kerZo samarTlisgan gansxvavebiT, romelic aRiarebs piradi avtonomiis princips, `sajaro samarTali, piriqiT, moqmedebs legalurobisa da kanoniT SeboWvis principiT. sajaro samarTlebriv urTierTobebSi ufle-bebi da movaleobebi ganisazRvreba dadgenili kanoniT.~2 sajaro samarTali yvela im davas moicavs, sadac erT-erT mxared saxelmwifoa warmodgenili.3

Tanamedrove midgomiT sisxlis samarTali Tavisi mniSvnelobis gamo calke gamoiyofa, ris Sedegadac sa-marTlis dayofa xdeba sami mimarTulebiT:4 kerZo samar-Tali, sajaro samarTali da sisxlis samarTali.5

arsebobs azrTa sxvadasxvaoba im sakiTxze, Tu romel sferos ganekuTvneba sasjelaRsrulebis samarTali.

pirveli mosazrebis Tanaxmad, sasjelaRsrulebis sa-

2 g. xubua, samarTlis Teoria. Tbilisi 2004. gv. 208.

3 g. kaJaSvili. kerZo da sajaro samarTlis gamijvnis principebi. zu-rab axvledianis 80 wlis saiubileo gamocema (daviT batoniSvilis institutis statiaTa krebuli). Tbilisi 2013. gv. 43.

4 m. turava, danaSaulis moZRvreba. Tbilisi 2011. gv. 12.

5 lado Wanturias azriT sisxlis samarTali sajaro samarTals mie-kuTvneba. sisxlis samarTali aregulirebs `saxelmwifos represi-uli uflebis warmoSobas (materialuri sisxlis samarTali) da mis ganxorcielebas (formaluri sisxlis samarTali: sisxlis samar-Tlis procesi). sisxlis samarTlis kuTvnilebas sajaro samarT-lisadmi is gansazRvravs, rom mxolod saxelmwifos aqvs sisxlis samarTlebrivi dasjis uflebamosileba, e.w. dasjis monopolia~. l. Wanturia, samoqalaqo samarTlis zogadi nawili. Tbilisi 2011. gv. 18.

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marTali ar aris sisxlis samarTlis nawili, miuxedavad imisa, rom is aregulirebs da emsaxureba sasjelis aRsru-lebas. is nawilia sajaro samarTalis, kerZod, gansakuTre-buli administraciuli samarTlisa,6 romelic aerTianebs mmarTvelobiTi saqmianobis iseT sferoebs,7 rogoricaa, samSeneblo samarTali, sapolicio samarTali, sagadasaxa-do samarTali, socialuri samarTali, sabaJo samarTali, ekologiuri samarTali da a.S.

meore mosazreba efuZneba marTlmsajulebis ganxor-cielebis sami svetis princips (Drei-Säulen-Theorie der Justiz) da sasjelaRsrulebis samarTlis adgils gansazRvravs sisxlis samarTlis sistemaSi. am sistemis mixedviT, marTl-msajulebis pirvel svets warmoadgens kanonmdebloba da materialuri sisxlis samarTali; meore svets - sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganmxilveli mosamarTle da saproceso normebi, xolo mesame svets - sasjelaRsrulebis sfero.8

marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis sami svetis prin-cipi sasjelaRsrulebiT samarTals aRiarebs, rogorc sisxlis samarTlis sistemis damoukidebel nawils, rac xels Seuwyobs mis ganviTarebas.9

sasjeli warmoadgens sisxlis samarTlis erT-erT Zi-riTad instituts. sasjelis cnebis, miznebis da Teoriebis ganxilvas sauniversiteto sisxlis samarTlis kursis swa-vlebaSi mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia.

sasjelaRsrulebis samarTali awesrigebs sasjelaR-srulebiT sistemaSi Semavali organoebis (arasapatimro sasjelTa aRsrulebisa da probaciis erovnuli saagento da sasjelaRsrulebis departamenti) organizaciuli mow-yobis sakiTxebs, mmarTvelobiTi funqciebis ganxorcie-lebas da administraciul warmoebas, Sesabamisad, is unda

6 Kommentar zum SreafvollzugsgaseTz. 3. Auflage. Darmstadt 1990. S. 1.

7 g. xubua/l. TorTlaZe (red.), ganmartebiTi iuridiuli leqsikoni. Tbilisi 2012. gv. 28.

8 G. Kaiser/H-J., Kerner/H. Schöch, Strafvollzug. Ein Lehrbuch. Heidelberg 1982. S. 25.

9 iqve.

9

CaiTvalos sajaro samarTlis sistemis nawilad, romlis mizania patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis aRsrule-ba, axali danaSaulis Tavidan acileba da msjavrdebulis resocializacia (patimrobis kodeqsis pirveli punqtis pirveli nawili). patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis Sesaxeb kanonmdeblobis miznebis ori komponentis damTx-veva sasjelis miznebTan mxolod sasjelaRsrulebis dawe-sebulebis muSaobis swor da aucilebel mimarTulebaze (mizanze) miuTiTebs.

sasjelaRsrulebis samarTlis kvlevis sagani mimar-Tulia im samarTlis normebze, romlebic sasjelaRsru-lebis administraciis saqmianobas awesrigebs. aseT dros – `gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs im normatiuli safuZvlis analizs, romlebic administraciis kanonier moqmedebebs ganapirobeben~.10 winamdebare saxelmZRvanelos Seqmnis farglebSi gaanalizebuli iqneba sasjelis aRsrulebis sferoSi dRes moqmedi kanonebi da normatiuli aqtebi. sakanonmdeblo bazis Sefaseba da analizi moxdeba msja-vrdebulis resocializaciis kuTxiT, vinaidan sasjelaR-srulebis sistema grZelvadiani perspeqtiviT upirveles yovlisa swored msjavrdebulis resocializacias unda emsaxurebodes.

1.2 sasjelaRsrulebis samarTlis mizani, principebi da moqmedebis sfero

sasjelaRsrulebis samarTlis mizani Camoyalibebu-lia saqarTvelos kanonSi `patimrobis kodeqsis~ pirveli muxlis pirvel nawilSi. aRniSnuli kanonis mixedviT, pa-timrobisa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis aRsrulebis (sasje-laRsrulebis samarTlis) mizania patimrobisa da Tavisu-flebis aRkveTis aRsruleba, axali danaSaulis Tavidan acileba da msjavrdebulis resocializacia.

10 l. izoria, Tanamedrove saxelmwifo, Tanamedrove administracia. Tbilisi 2009. gv. 17.

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axali danaSaulis Tavidan acileba da msjavrdebulis resocializacia aris sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 39-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli sasjelis sami miznidan ori. aRniSnuli miuTiTebs sasjelisa da sasjelis aRsrulebis mWidro kavSirze.

axali danaSaulis Tavidan acileba da msjavrdebulis resocializacia SesaZlebelia erT konteqstSic iqnas ganxiluli.

cixis pirobebSi axali danaSaulis Tavidan acileba Sei-Zleba iyos moklevadiani da grZelvadiani.11 moklevadiani perspeqtiviT axali danaSaulis Tavidan acileba SesaZle-belia miRweul iqnas damnaSave piris sazogadoebisgan izo-lirebiT - misTvis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis misjiT. grZel-vadiani perspeqtiviT axali danaSaulis Tavidan acileba gagebul unda iqnas, rogorc kanonmdeblis survili cixis gareT da SigniT msjavrdebulis mimarT iseTi sareabili-tacio RonisZiebebis, programebis ganxorcielebas, rac msjavrdebulis resocializacias anu masSi `sazogadoe-bis, sxva adamianebis,zneobrivi normebisa da adamianTa Ta-nacxovrebis damkvidrebuli wesebisadmi pativiscemisa da pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis Camoyalibebas~ Seuwyobs xels (saqarTvelos kanoni `patimrobis kodeqsi~, muxli 116).

saqarTvelos kanonSi `patimrobis kodeqsis~ pirveli muxlis meore nawilSi CamoTvlilia is ZiriTadi principe-bi, romelic daculi unda iqnas sasjelis aRsrulebis pe-riodSi. es principebia: kanonierebis, humanizmis, demokra-tiulobis, kanonis winaSe Tanasworobisa da sasjelis in-dividualizaciis.

gTavazobT, aRniSnuli principebis mokle mimoxilvas sasjelaRsrulebis samarTlis aspeqtSi.

kanonierebis principi (an kanoniereba) gulisxmobs

11 Sead.: m. SalikaSvili/g. miqanaZe, arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsaju-lebis Taviseburebani: arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis krimi-nologiuri, sisxlissamarTlebrivi penitenciuri da saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi safuZvlebi. Tbilisi 2011. gv. 68, 69.

11

kanonebisa da samarTlebrivi aqtebis zustad da ganuxre-lad dacvas da Sesrulebas yvela saxelmwifo organos, Ta-namdebobisa Tu calkeuli pirebis mier.12 kanoniereba aris demokratiisa da samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos erT-erTi aucilebeli da ZiriTadi elementi.13 kanonierebis prin-cipi sajaro samarTlis umTavresi aspeqtia. `saxelmwifo organom yvela SemTxvevaSi unda imoqmedos kanonis mo-TxovnaTa dacviT. kanonierebis princips sajaro samar-TalSi imitom eniWeba didi mniSvneloba, ramdenadac igi aregulirebs moqalaqesa da saxelmwifo organos Soris urTierTobas. es urTierToba aris ierarqiuli da, Sesaba-misad, moqalaqec gansakuTrebulad unda iyos daculi.~14

Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom arc erT sferos ar sWir-deba ise kanonierebis principis dacva, rogorc sasjelaR-srulebis organoebs, vinaidan, am uwyebebSi moqalaqeebi (TavisuflebaaRkveTili msjavrdebulebi) 24 saaTiani zedamxedvelobis qveS, Caketil sivrceSi imyofebian da saxelmwifo organoebis mxridan maTi uflebebis Selaxva ufro advilad aris SesaZlebeli.15

humanizmis principi, `humanizmi~ niSnavs adamianis si-yvaruls, misi pirovnebisadmi pativiscemas, misive intere-sebis, uflebebis da Tavisuflebebis dacva-gaTvaliswine-bas,16 kacTmoyvareobas.17

humanizmis gamovlinebad unda CaiTvalos gasuli saukunis bolos saqarTveloSi sasjelis umaRlesi zomis, sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmebis sakiTxi. 1997 wlis 11 noem-

12 p. cnobilaZe (red.), konstituciuri (saxelmwifo) samarTali. cno-bari. Tbilisi 1998. gv. 58.

13 iqve.


15 ix.: f. zimbardos stenfordis cixis eqsperimenti (4.3 qveTavi).

16 g. naWyebia/i. dvaliZe (red.), sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili: saxelmZRvanelo. Tbilisi 2007. gv 33.

17 arn. Ciqobava (mT. red.), qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni. Tbilisi 1986. gv. 591.

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bers miRebul iqna saqarTvelos prezidentis mier inici-rebuli kanoni `sasjelis gansakuTrebuli RonisZiebis – sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmebis Sesaxeb~. im argumentebs So-ris, romlebsac emyareboda saqarTvelos parlamenti si-kvdiliT dasjis gauqmebis Sesaxeb kanonis miRebisas, ori argumenti gamomdinareobda humanizmis principidan: `ar SeiZleba saxelmwifo iyos humanuri, Tu igi iyenebs sikvdi-liT dasjas da sicocxles ar aRiarebs, rogorc xelSeu-val Rirebulebas; sikvdiliT dasja aris araqristianuli, humanizmisa da kacobriobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli sas-jeli.~18

saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis sistemaSi ganTavse-buli uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebi miekuTvnebian im msjavrdebulTa kategorias, romelTac sasamarTlos mier 2000 wlidan miesaja uvado patimroba.

sakiTxavia, ramdenad Seesabameba grZelvadiani Tavisu-flebis aRkveTa humanizmis princips?

statistikuri monacemebis mixedviT, saqarTveloSi mamakacebis sicocxlis mosalodneli xangrZlivoba 70 welia.19 2008 wlis statistikuri monacemebiT msjavrde-bulTa 10 procenti 50 wels gadacilebulia, xolo 45 pro-centi 30-idan 50 wlamdea. amgvarad, msjavrdebulTa naxe-varze meti 30 wels gadacilebulia.

saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos statistikiT 15 welze zeviT an uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa 2007 wlidan 2009 wlis seqtembris CaTvliT miesaja 1 322 msjavrdebuls.

Tu mamakacebis sicocxlis mosalodneli xangrZlivo-ba 70 welia da, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebSi im dros arsebul cxovrebis pirobebs (gadatvirTuloba, arasaTanado sanitarul-higienuri mdgomareoba, xSir SemTxvevaSi araadamianuri mopyroba,

18 j. xecuriani, Ziebani qarTul samarTalmcodneobaSi. Tbilisi 2011. gv. 126; ixileT aseve: g.nikolaiSvili, saqarTvelos cixeebi. Tbilisi 2001. gv.109.

19 www.statistics.ge

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arasaTanado samedicino momsaxureba, moxucebulebis mo-Txovnilebebis gauTvaliswinebloba) maSin saSualod, 50 wlis mamakacisTvis sasjelis saxiT 15 wliT an meti vadiT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa SesaZlebelia gautoldes misTvis uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTis misjas, vinaidan imis al-baToba, rom igi cixidan janmrTeli an Tundac cocxali gamovidoda minimaluri iyo. aRniSnuli SesaZlebelia miC-neul iqnas humanizmis principis darRvevad. imis miuxeda-vad, rom adamianma danaSauli Caidina, saxelmwifo mas unda moepyras humanurad, anu kacTmoyvared, adamianurad. hu-manizmis principis xelyofis yvelaze mZime gamovlinebad sasjelaRsrulebis sferoSi SeiZleba patimris mimarT wa-mebis, sastiki da araadamianuri mopyrobis ganxorcileba CaiTvalos.20 samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis saer-TaSoriso paqtis me-10 muxlis Tanaxmad, yvela Tavisufle-baSezRudul pirs ufleba aqvs humanurad moeqcen da pati-vi scen mis Tandayolil pirovnul Rirsebas.

demokratiulobis principi moicavs yvela im normas, romelic aregulirebs saxelmwifo struqturebSi xalxis warmomadgenelTa politikur procesebSi monawileobas.21 patimrobis kodeqsSi mocemuli demokratiulobis prin-cipi SesaZlebelia ganxilul iqnas farTo da viwro gage-biT. farTo gagebiT igi gulisxmobs sasjelaRsrulebis politikis SemuSavebaSi xalxis, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis monawileobas arCevnebis gziT. viwro gagebiT gulisxmobs samoqalaqo seqtoris monawileobas sasjelaRsrulebis sistemis marTvaSi (mag. sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis saqmianobis kontrolis procesSi calkeuli moqalaqeebis CarTuloba).22

dReis mdgomareobiT demokratiulobis principi xor-

20 Sead. g. naWyebia/i. dvaliZe (red.), sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawi-li: saxelmZRvanelo. Tbilisi 2007. gv 37.


22 igive, gv. 167.

14

cieldeba mxolod farTo gagebiT, anu saqarTvelos mo-qalaqeebi arCevnebSi monawileobiT gansazRvraven krimi-naluri politikas (maT Soris sasjelaRsrulebis midgo-mebis). samoqalaqo sazogadoebis calkeuli wevrebis mier, sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis saqmianobis kontro-lis meqanizmi gansazRvrulia saqarTvelos kanonis `pa-timrobis kodeqsis~ meoTxe TavSi - `patimrobisa da Tavi-suflebis aRkveTis aRsrulebis monitoringi~. aRniSnuli Tavi Sedgeba ori muxlisgan: muxli 31-e da muxli 32-e. 31-e muxlis Tanaxmad, departamentis, patimrobis/Tavisufle-bis aRkveTis dawesebulebis Sida uwyebriv Semowmebasa da monitorings Tavisi kompetenciis farglebSi axorcie-lebs saministros Sesabamisi samsaxuri. xolo 32-e muxlis mixedviT, departamentis, patimrobis/Tavisuflebis aRk-veTis dawesebulebis mier wamebis, araadamianuri mopyro-bisa da sasjelis winaaRmdeg brZolisa da prevenciis miz-niT ganxorcielebul saqmianobas – `saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos organuli kanoniT dad-genili wesiT zedamxedvelobs specialuri prevenciuli jgufi.

rogorc vxedavT, sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebule-bis saqmianobaze monitoringi evaleba Sida uwyebriv sam-saxurs – saxalxo damcvelis aparatTan Seqmnil specialur prevenciis jgufs da ara sazogadoebis calkeul wevrebs an sazogadoebis calkeul wevrebisgan Seqmnil jgufs. ara-da samoqalaqo asociaciebi demokratiuli mmarTvelobis efeqturobasa da simyares uwyobs xels.23aseTi CarTuloba xels uwyobs saxelmwifo struqturebis saqmianobisadmi (maT Soris sasjelaRsrulebis sistemisadmi) ndobis Camo-yalibebas da damkvidrebas.24 aRniSnuli metad mniSvnelo-vania swored iseTi sasjelaRsrulebis sistemisTvis, ro-melic reformis procesSia da problemebi gaaCnia adamia-nis uflebebis dacvis kuTxiT.

23 r. d. patnemi, rogor vamuSaoT demokratia. Tbilisi 2005. gv. 109.

24 iqve.

15

sasjelaRsrulebis sistemaSi demokratiis principis ganxorcielebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos saqarTvelos sasje-laRsrulebisa da probaciis saministros, pirobiT vadam-de gaTavisuflebis sabWoebSi arasamTavrobo organiza-ciis da saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis warmomadgenlis monawileoba.

kanonis winaSe Tanasworobis principi gamomdinare-obs saqarTvelos konstituciis me-14 muxlidan. aRniSnu-li muxlis Tanaxmad, `yvela adamiani Tavisufalia da kano-nis winaSe Tanasworia ganurCevlad rasisa, kanis ferisa, enisa, sqesisa, religiisa, politikuri da sxva Sexedulebi-sa, erovnuli, eTnikuri da socialuri kuTvnilebisa, war-moSobisa, qonebrivi da wodebrivi mdgomareobisa, sacxo-vrebeli adgilisa~.

saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlo kanonis wina-Se Tanasworobas fundamentur konstituciur principad miiCnevs, romlis `mizania, ar dauSvas arsebiTad Tanaswo-ris uTanasworod mopyroba an piriqiT~.25

saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlom kanonis winaSe Tanasworobis principi 2010 wlis 27 dekembris #1/1493 da 2011 wlis 18 martis #2/1/473 gadawyvetileba-Si Semdegnairad ganmarta: `me-14 muxlis arsis gagebisTvis principuli mniSvneloba aqvs kanonis winaSe Tanasworo-bis gansxvavebas gaTanabrebisgan. am principis fargleb-Si, saxelmwifos ZiriTadi mizani da funqcia adamianebis sruli gaTanabreba ver iqneba, radgan es Tavad Tanasworo-bis ideasTan, uflebis arsTan movidoda winaaRmdegobaSi. Tanasworobis idea emsaxureba SesaZleblobebis Tanaswo-robis uzrunvelyofas, anu ama Tu im sferoSi adamianebis TviTrealizaciisTvis erTnairi SesaZleblobebis garan-tirebas~. `kanonis winaSe Tanasworobis uflebisgan mom-dinareobs mxolod iseTi sakanonmdeblo sivrcis Seqmna,

25 ix.: saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2011 wlis 18 mar-tis #2/1/473 gadawyvetileba.

16

romelic yoveli konkretuli urTierTobisTvis, arsebi-Tad TanasworT Seuqmnis Tanaswor SesaZleblobebs, xolo uTanasworoebs piriqiT~.

kanonis winaSe Tanasworobis ufleba msjavrdebuleb-Tan mimarTebaSi Semdegnairad unda iqnas ganxiluli. msja-vrdebulebis aramsjavrdebulebTan gaTanabrebas ki ar iTxovs mocemuli principi, aramed maTTvis Rirsebis da-cvas. amave dros, aucilebelia msjavrdebulTa jgufis, rogorc `mniSvnelovnad Tanasworis~26 mimarT erTnairi midgomebis da sakanonmdeblo normebis gamoyeneba. `Ta-nasworobis principis darRveva xdeba im SemTxvevaSi, roca saxelmwifo kanonis normis adresatTa erT jgufs, adres-atTa meore jgufTan SedarebiT gansxvavebulad moepyro-ba, miuxedavad imisa, rom jgufebs Soris ar arsebobs iseTi masStabis gansxvaveba, romliTac SeiZleba gamarTlebuli iqnas uTanasworo mopyroba~.27

saqarTvelos konstituciis me-14 muxli ar aris amowurvadi. es muxli `icavs adamianebs nebismieri safuZ-vliT diskriminaciisgan~.28

sasjelis individualizaciis principi aris sisxlis samarTlis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani principi, romlis ar-sic sasjelis miznebidan gamomdinareobs,29 gulisxmobs, rom sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba unda iyos in-dividualuri da adamianma pasuxi unda agos mxolod saku-Tari qmedebisTvis.30

26 k. kublaSvili, ZiriTadi uflebebi. Tbilisi 2003. gv. 323.

27 igive, gv. 325.

28 T. tuRuSi/g. burjanaZe/g. mSvenieraZe/g. gociriZe/v. menabde, adamianis uflebebi da saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos samarTalwarmoebis praqtika. Tbilisi 2013. gv. 36.

29 g. naWyebia/i. dvaliZe (red.), sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili: saxelmZRvanelo. Tbilisi 2007. gv. 31.

30 m. turava, danaSaulis moZRvreba. Tbilisi 2011. gv. 619.

17

ufro konkretulad, sasjelis individualizaciis prin ci pi gulisxmobs, sasjelis Sefardebis dros sasa-marTlos mier yvela im garemoebis gaTvaliswinebas, ro-melic am konkretul SemTxvevas da danaSaulis Camden pi-rovnebas axasiaTebs. iqneba es danaSaulis Cadenisas gamo-vlenili marTlsawinaaRmdego neba, Semamsubuqebeli Tu damamZimebeli garemoebebi da a.S.31

`sasjelis individualizacia gamsWvalulia pedago-giuri suliskveTebiT. rogorc aRzrdis problema sworad ver gadawydeba pedagogiuri SabloniT, aRsazrdelTa in-dividualuri Taviseburebis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe, ise pasuxismgeblobis individualizaciis principi praqtiku-lad ver ganxorcieldeba braleulTa pirovnuli Tavise-burebis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe. miTumetes, rom sasjelis mizani aris aramarto samarTlianobis aRdgena, aramed msjavrdebulSi pozitiuri pasuxismgeblobis aRdgenac, arasrulwlovan msjavrdebulTa mimarT – pozitiuri pa-suxismgeblobis aRzrdac. danaSaulis Camdeni piris pi-rovneba mis mier Cadenil danaSaulze ar daiyvaneba. amitom sasamarTlo valdebulia Rrmad Seiswavlos braleulis pirovneba, misi warsuli cxovreba, piradi da ekonomikuri pirobebi... misi miswrafebaa aanazRauros ziani, Seurigdes dazaralebuls.~32

sasjelis individualizaciis principis gamoyeneba sas-jelaRsrulebis procesSi gagebul unda iqnas Semdegnai-rad:

• sasjelis moxdis periodSi msjavrdebulis mier, cixis normebis an kanonis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi, disciplinuri saxdelis an administraciuli pa-timrobis gamoyeneba moxdes individualurad, ga-Tvaliswinebul iqnas msjavrdebulis pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebi;

31 g. naWyebia/i. dvaliZe (red.), sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili: saxelmZRvanelo. Tbilisi 2007. gv. 30.

32 iqve.

18

• sasjelis individualizaciis principSi SeiZleba, aseve vigulisxmoT sasjelis aRsrulebis indivi-dualuri midgoma, anu sasjelis moxdis periodSi gasaTvaliswinebelia msjavrdebulis pirovnebis Sesaxeb, yvela is garemoeba da Tviseba, ramac Sei-Zleba xeli Seuwyos msjavrdebulis resocializa-cias.

zemoT aRniSnul principebTan erTad, patimrobis ko-deqsis meore muxlis meore nawilis Tanaxmad, `saqarTve-los kanonmdebloba patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis aR-kveTis aRsrulebis Sesaxeb, Seesabameba saerTaSoriso samarTlis sayovelTaod aRiarebul principebsa da normebs.~

sasjelaRsrulebis samarTlis moqmedebis sfero ga-nisazRvreba `patimrobis kodeqsis~ meoTxe muxliT. am mu-xlis Tanaxmad, `patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis aRsrulebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis mo-qmedeba vrceldeba saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze. patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis aRsrulebis Se-saxeb saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba gamoiyeneba rogorc saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa, ise ucxo qveynis moqalaqeTa da moqalaqeobis armqone pirTa mimarT, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiTa da saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebiT dadgenili wesiT~.

sasjelaRsrulebis samarTlis moqmedebas saqarTve-los mTels teritoriaze xels uSlis politikuri realo-ba, kerZod is, rom saqarTvelos mTavrobis iurisdiqcia ver vrceldeba qveynis daaxloebiT 20%-ze, afxazeTsa da samaCabloze.

sainteresoa, aseve Tu rogoria saqarTvelos kanonm-deblobis mimarTeba saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebTan. saqarTvelos konstituciis meeqvse muxlis meore nawilis mixedviT, `saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba, Seesabameba saer-TaSoriso samarTlis sayovelTaod aRiarebul principeb-

19

sa da normebs. saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrule-bas an SeTanxmebas, Tu igi ar ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos konstitucias, konstituciur SeTanxmebas, aqvs upiratesi iuridiuli Zala Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi normatiuli aqte-bis mimarT~.

`normatiuli aqtebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-7 muxlis mesame punqti adgens saqarTvelos sakanonmde-blo aqtebis, saqarTvelos konstituciuri SeTanxmebis, saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebisa da SeTanxme-bis mimarT moqmedebis Semdeg ierarqias: a) saqarTvelos konstitucia, saqarTvelos konstituciuri kanoni; b) sa-qarTvelos konstituciuri SeTanxmeba; g) saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekruleba da SeTanxmeba; d) saqarTve-los organuli kanoni; e) saqarTvelos kanoni, saqarTve-los prezidentis dekreti, saqarTvelos parlamentis re-glamenti.

sasjelaRsrulebis sferoSi moqmed ZiriTad kanons warmoadgens saqarTvelos kanoni `patimrobis kodeqsi~, `arasapatimro sasjelTa aRsrulebis wesisa da probaciis Sesaxeb~. sakanonmdeblo ierarqiaSi orive samarTlebri-vi aqti saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebsa da SeTanxmebebze dabla dgas, amitom sasjelaRsrulebis sferoSi normaTa koliziis SemTxvevaSi – saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebs da SeTanxmebebs nacionalur kanonmdeblobaze - saqarTve-los kanonze - upiratesi Zala gaaCnia. am mxriv sainteresoa Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos administraciul saqmeTa kolegiis 2007 wlis 10 oqtombris gadawyvetileba #3/2058. aRniSnul gadawyvetilebaSi mosamarTle daeyrdno adamia-nis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebas, saqmeze novicka poloneTis winaaRmdeg (Nowicka vs. Poland) da daadgina `patimrobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis im normis Seusabamoba evropul standartTan, romelic msja-vrdebuls uflebas aZlevda esargebla TveSi erTi paem-niT. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlom saqmeze

20

novicki poloneTis winaaRmdeg daadgina, rom patimrobaSi yofnisas ojaxis wevrebis naxvasTan dakavSirebuli ufle-bis SezRudva TveSi mxolod erTi vizitiT, arRvevs evro-puli konvenciis me-8 muxls (ojaxuri cxovrebis pativis-cemis ufleba). saqalaqo sasamarTlom evropuli konven-cia aRiara ra qveynis kanonmdeblobis nawilad, mianiWa mas upiratesi iuridiuli Zala saqarTvelos konstituciis me-6 muxlis safuZvelze da mosTxova mopasuxe iusticiis saministros gamoeca normatiuli aqti, romelic Sesabami-sobaSi iqneboda evropuli konvenciis merve muxlis moT-xovnilebebTan.33

1.3 konstituciuri principebi sasjelaRsrulebis samarTalSi

1.3.1 samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos principi

saqarTvelos konstituciis preambulaSi gaJRerebuli samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos idea pirvel rigSi gulisxm-obs qveyanaSi samarTlianobis damkvidrebis survils. sa-marTlebriv saxelmwifos gaaCnia ori gageba: materialuri da formaluri. samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos materialuri gagebis Tanaxmad, samarTali, romliTac saxelmwifo xeli-suflebis organoebi izRudeba, unda iyos samarTliani.34 `xelisuflebis SezRudva da TviTSezRudva, rasac gu-lisxmobs samarTlebrivi saxelmwifo sazogadoebisgan saxelmwifos distancirebasa da xelisuflebis TviTnebo-bis aRkveTis gziT, kanonis winaSe individTa Tanasworobas isaxavs miznad.~35 `samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos formalu-ri gageba xazs usvams imas, Tu ra institutebis da proce-33 k. korkelia, rogor uzrunvelyoT saqarTveloSi adamianis ufle-baTa dacva evropuli standartebiT. Tbilisi 2010. gv. 52,53.


35 i. kobaxiZe, samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos principi, rogorc uSu-alod moqmedi samarTali. Tsu-is iuridiuli fakultetis `samarT-lis Jurnali~, N1, 2013, gv. 309.

21

sualuri masStabebiT unda ganxorcieldes saxelmwifo xelisufleba~.36 am SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovania iseTi prin-cipebi, rogorebicaa kanonis uzenaesobis, xelisuflebis danawilebis da sasamarTloSi gasaCivrebis.37

samarTlebrivi usafrTxoeba, Tanazomiereba, saxel-mwifo saqmianobaSi TviTnebobis akrZalva da sasamarTlo kontroli, gansazRvruloba da ndoba aris samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos (an samarTlianobis damkvidrebis) aucilebe-li elementebi.38

mocemul naSromSi ganvixilavT samarTlianobis damk-vidrebis (samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos) oTx elements sas-jelaRsrulebis kuTxiT.

samarTlebrivi usafrTxoebasamarTlebrivi usafrTxoeba moicavs ramdenime ele-

ments: aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis saqmianobis winaswar gansazRvra; kanonebis da samarTlebrivi normebis gark-veuloba; samarTlis mimarT moqalaqis ndobis Camoyalibe-ba; samarTlis mTeli sistemis urTierTwinaaRmdegobisgan gaTavisufleba (dacva); moqalaqeTa SesaZlebloba infor-mirebuli iyos samarTlis Sinaarsis Sesaxeb (samarTlis sa-jarooba).39

samarTlebrivi usafrTxoebis principis Tanaxmad, `in-divids unda hqondes SesaZlebloba sakmaod mkafiod Seic-nos qcevis wesi da amis safuZvelze gansazRvros Tavisi qcevis Sinaarsi~.40


37 iqve.

38 F. Hufen, Staatsrecht II. Grundrechte. München 2007. S. 11.

39 l. izoria, Tanamedrove saxelmwifo, Tanamedrove administracia. Tbilisi 2009. gv. 199-202.


22

samarTlebrivi usafrTxoebisTvis CamoTvlili Ti-Toeuli elementi metad mniSvnelovania sasjelaRsrule-bis sistemaSi samarTlis aRsasruleblad, ase magaliTad, msjavrdebuls unda SeeZlos gansazRvros sasjelaRsru-lebis organos saqmianoba winaswar, rom moaxdinos sakuTa-ri saqcielis mis saqmianobaze orientireba, aRniSnuliT naklebad moxdeba uTanxmoeba msjavrdebulsa da sasje-laRsrulebis administracias Soris; sasjelaRsrulebis normebi unda iyos garkveviT Camoyalibebuli da ar unda iZleodes orazrovnad gagebis SesaZleblobas, vinaidan gaugebarma normam SesaZlebelia msjavrdebulis mxridan araswori interpretacia da misi ukmayofileba gamoiw-vios; msjavrdebulebi Tu ar iqnebian informirebulebi sakuTari uflebebis Sesaxeb, ar SeeZlebaT maTi dacva, da bolos, erT-erTi saintereso sakiTxia sasjelaRsrulebis samarTlis mimarT moqalaqis ndobis Camoyalibeba. sasje-laRsrulebis samarTlis mimarT moqalaqis ndobis sakiTxi pirdapir kavSirSia moqalaqis sasjelaRsrulebis siste-mis ndobaze da zogadad moqalaqis ndobaze Tanamoqalaqe-Ta mimarT (socialuri kapitali).

`ndobis sazogadoeba gulisxmobs saxelmwifos ara si-Zulvils, aramed mis siyvaruls Tu ara, masTan nakleb da-pirispirebas mainc. ar SeiZleba saxelmwifoSi mudmivad SenTan dapirispirebul dawesebulebas xedavde.~41 msjavr-debuls Tu eqneba xedva, rom saxelmwifo, sasjelaRsru-lebis sistema masTan dapirispirebuli ki ar aris, aramed piriqiT, surs misi daxmareba (gamosworeba), misi resocia-lizacia ufro advili misaRwevi iqneba. rac Seexeba adamia-nebisadmi urTierTndobis sakiTxs, anu ndobas msjavrde-bulsa da zedamxedvels Soris, aq saqarTvelos mosaxleo-ba didi problemis winaSe dgas. 2008 wels saqarTveloSi Catarebuli kvlevis Tanaxmad, mosaxleobis mxolod 18

41 b. zoiZe, sakonstitucio kontroli da RirebulebaTa kontroli saqarTveloSi. Tbilisi 2007. gv. 141.

23

procents miaCnia, rom moqalaqeTa umravlesoba sandoa.42 Tu msjavrdebulsa da zedamxedvels Soris urTierToba undoblobiT daiwyeba, pirveli – SemdgomSi misi gamoswo-reba metad rTuli iqneba da did ZalisxmevasTan iqneba dakavSirebuli, da meore – xels SeuSlis sasjelaRsrule-bis dawesebulebis normalur funqcionirebas43 da msjavr-debulis resocializacias.

TanazomierebaTanazomierebis principis mixedviT, ZiriTadi ufle-

biT dacul sferoSi nebismieri Carevis ganxilvisas au-cilebelia dadgindes, rom: 1) Careva emsaxureba legiti-mur mizans; 2) Careva gamosadegia dadgenili legitimuri miznis misaRwevad – aRniSnuli piroba dakmayofilebu-lia, rodesac miznis miRweva Tundac Teoriulad aris Se-saZlebeli; 3) Carevis forma da intensivoba aucilebelia legitimuri miznis misaRwevad – Careva gamarTlebulia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ar arsebobs SedarebiT rbili saSualeba, romelic miznis miRwevis TvalsazrisiT, iseTi-ve efeqtur Sedegs mogvcems; 4) Careva unda iyos legitimu-ri miznis Sesabamisi (Tanafardobis viwro gageba) – Carevis Sesabamisobis dadgenisas warmoebs Carevis SezRudul da dacul sikeTeTa ormxrivi Sedareba (awon-dawonva).44

Tanazomierebis principi moculia yvela evropis gaer-Tianebis wevri saxelmwifoebis samarTalwesrigSi. `mas, rogorc sayovelTao samarTlebriv princips, pirveladi samarTlis xarisxi aqvs da aRiarebulia [evropis] gaerTia-nebis samarTlebrivi RonisZiebebis SemzRudvel yovlis-momcvel principad.~45

42 m. SalikaSvili, Zaladobis kriminologia. Tbilisi 2012. gv. 39.

43 socialuri kapitalis naklebobam SesaZlebelia adamianSi Tav-dacviTi instiqti gaaZlieros da agresia gamoiwvios. ix.: m. SalikaS-vili, Zaladobis kriminologia. Tbilisi 2012. gv. 39, 40.

44 a. demetraSvili/i. kobaxiZe, konstituciuri samarTali. Tbilisi 2011. gv. 92,93.

45 g. gabriCiZe, Tanazomierebis principi evropis gaerTianebis samar-

24

saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos ganmarte-biT, Tanazomierebis principi `pirdapir kavSirSia samarT-lebrivi saxelmwifos principTan. swored Tanazomierebis principi adgens materialur masStabebs kanonmdeblisTvis ZiriTadi uflebebis SezRudvisas. Tu norma am principebs ar Seesabameba, is dauSvebs TviTnebobis SesaZleblobas. saxelmwifos TviTneboba adamianis Tavisuflebis sferoSi ki avtomaturad niSnavs adamianis Rirsebis, rogorc kons-tituciuri wesrigis umaRlesi principis, samarTlebrivi saxelmwifosa da sxva konstituciuri principebis darR-vevas, adamianis Tavisuflebis ZiriTadi uflebis arakons-tituciur xelyofas~.46

saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2009 wlis 6 aprilis #2/1/415 gadawyvetilebis Tanaxmad, `Tanazomie-rebis principidan gamomdinare, ZiriTad uflebaSi nebis-mieri Careva unda emsaxurebodes legitimur mizans, [da Tu norma] ar emsaxureba legitimur mizans, ar eqvemdebareba Tanazomierebis tests da xelyofs ZiriTadi uflebis xel-Seuxebel arss~.

saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlom konstitu-ciis me-7 muxlis47 mniSvnelobidan, daniSnulebidan gamom-dinare, swored masSi amoikiTxa `Tanazomierebis princi-pis~ ZiriTadi arsi da konstituciiT aRiarebul princi-pad miiCnia.48

Tlis ZiriTadi uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis sferoSi. k. korkelia (red.), adamianis uflebaTa evropuli standaartebi da maTi gavlena saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobasa da praqtikaze. Tbilisi 2006. gv. 68.46 saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2009 wlis 6 aprilis #2/1/415 gadawyvetileba.

47 saqarTvelos konstituciis me-7 muxlis Tanaxmad, `saxelmwifo cnobs da icavs adamianis sayovelTaod aRiarebul uflebebsa da Ta-visuflebebs, rogorc waruval da uzenaes adamianur Rirebulebebs. xelisuflebis ganxorcielebisas xalxi da saxelmwifo SezRuduli arian am uflebebiTa da TavisuflebebiT, rogorc uSualod moqmedi samarTliT~.

48 q. eremaZe, interesTa dabalanseba demokratiul sazogadoebaSi. Tbilisi 2013. gv. 23.

25

saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2007 wlis 26 dekembris #1/3/407 gadawyvetilebis Tanaxmad, `ZiriTadi konstituciuri principebi warmoadgenen adamianis Rir-sebis dacvis samarTlebriv garantias. adamianis Rirseba da pirovnuli Tavisufleba ki mis ZiriTad uflebebSi, maT adekvatur dacvasa da srulad ganxorcielebaSi gamoixa-teba. amitom am uflebebSi saxelmwifos araTanazomieri, gadametebuli Careva xelyofs adamianis Rirsebasac~.

sasjelaRsrulebis samarTlis kuTxiT metad mniSvne-lovania msjavrdebulis uflebis SezRudvis dros Tana-zomierebis principis gamoyenebis sakiTxi.

msjavrdebulisTvis sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebule-baSi nebismieri xasiaTis SezRudva unda ganxorcieldes zemoaRniSnuli Tanafardobis principis elementebis dac-viT. `adamianis uflebebis SezRudvis sferoSi Tanazomie-rebis principis gamoyeneba sajaro da kerZo interesebis Sejerebas iTxovs. samarTlebriv saxelmwifod organize-buli sazogadoebis TiToeuli wevri imis molodinSia, rom sazogadoebaSi sikeTis gadanawileba samarTlianad moxde-ba~.49 kerZo interesi SeiZleba SeizRudos mxolod sazoga-doebrivi interesis safuZvelze.50

amave dros aqtualuria sakiTxi, Tu ramdenad akmayofi-lebs grZelvadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTa Tanazomierebis principis kriteriumebs. aRniSnuli garkveul unda iqnas TiToeuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmis SeswavliT. Cven gan-vixilavT sasamarTlo praqtikidan erT sisxlis samarT-lis saqmes, romelic kargad warmoaCens grZelvadian Ta-visuflebis aRkveTas Tanafardobis konstituciur prin-cipTan mimarTebaSi, anu sakiTxavia, moyvanil konkretul saqmeze xom ar arRvevs saqarTvelos konstituciiT aRia-rebul adamianis pativsa da Rirsebas grZelvadiani Tavi-suflebis aRkveTa?

49 l. izoria, adamianis uflebebis SezRudva da Tanazomierebis principi. adamianis uflebaTa dacva erovnul da saerTaSoriso samarTalSi. statiaTa krebuli. Tbilisi 2002. gv. 46.

50 iqve.

26

siRnaRis raionuli sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqme #1-108-2008 Tanaxmad, msjavrdebuli aris 1956 wels dabadebuli qalbatoni, romelic sasamarTlom 2009 wlis 3 aprilis ganaCeniT scno damnaSaved, ssk 108 muxliT da miusaja 2 wliT da 6 TviT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, romelic 2008 wlis 21 noembris saqarTvelos kanoniT `aministiis Sesaxeb~ gaunaxevrda. garda amisa, amave ganaCeniT msjavr-debul qalbatons xuTjer Cadenili TaRliTobisTvis mie-saja 23 wliT da 9 TviT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa.

sakiTxavia, 23 wliT da 9 TviT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa gaivlis Tu ara Tanafardobis konstituciuri principis testis kriteriumebs, kerZod, aris Tu ara 23 wliT da 9 TviT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa 53 wlis adamianis pativisa da Rirsebis Semlaxavi?

saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2007 wlis 26 oqtombris #2/2-389 gadawyvetilebis Tanaxmad, `pati-visa da Rirsebis uflebis SezRudvisas saxeze unda iyos damamcirebeli mopyroba, romelsac aqvs Semdegi krite-riumebi: mopyroba msxverplSi aRZravs SiSis, tkivilisa da arasrulfasovnebis gancdas; es gancda amcirebs da akninebs msxverpls; gancda texs msxverplis fizikur an moralur mdgomareobas; mopyrobis mizania msxverplis damcireba; mopyrobis xarisxi aRwevs simkacris minimalur dones mainc~.

53 wlis adamianisTvis 23 wliT da 9 TviT Tavisuf le bis aRkveTis misjam SesaZlebelia gamoiwvios SiSis, tkivilisa da arasrulfasovnebis gancda, vinaidan man icis, rom igi cixes cocxali veRar datovebs (qalebis saSualo sico-cxlis xangrZlivoba saqarTveloSi 70-75 welia, rac cixis pirobebSi ufro klebulobs); msjavrdebulSi moraluri (fsiqologiuri) mdgomareobis gauaresebas, rac SeiZleba aisaxos mis fizikur mdgomareobaSi (TviTdazianebebSi).51

51 profesori oTar gamyreliZe Tvlis, rom 60 wlis adamianisTvis 30 wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTis misja utoldeba uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTas. ix.: o. gamyreliZe, sisxlis samarTlis problemebi. mesame tomi. Tbilisi 2013. gv. 112.

27

am mxriv sainteresoa aseve germaniis federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gamocdileba. germaniis sakonstitucio sasamarTlom Tanazomierebis principis darRvevad CaTvala sanqciis iseTi zoma da forma, romel-sac msjavrdebulis substanciis ganadgureba SeuZlia. sakonstitucio sasamarTlos azriT, grZelvadiani sas-jeli mimarTulia msjavrdebulis mier sakuTari pirovne-bis pativiscemis gasanadgureblad da ewinaaRmdegeba Ta-nazomierebis princips.52

germanul sisxlis samarTalSi aRiarebulia, rom grZel-va diani sasjelis daniSvna msubuqi saxis danaSaulisTvis ewinaaRmdegeba proporciulobis konstituciur princips.

`Tanazomierebis da samarTlebrivi usafrTxoebis principebi pirdapir aris dakavSirebuli adamianis Ziri-Tad uflebebTan da amdenad, am principebis darRveva, ro-gorc wesi, TavisTavad niSnavs adamianis ZiriTadi uflebe-bis darRvevas.~53

zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, vfiqrobT, grZelva-diani sasjeli (23 wliT da 9 TviT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa) iseTi saxis danaSaulisTvis, rogoric aris TaRliToba (Tundac mravalgzis) misjili 53 wlis adamianisTvis ewi-naaRmdegeba proporciulobis konstituciur princips, vinaidan laxavs adamianis pativsa da Rirsebas. kerZod, grZel vadiani sasjeli mimarTulia da anadgurebs msjavr-debulis mier sakuTari pirovnebisadmi pativiscemis grZ-nobas, texs mas moralurad da fizikurad, xels uSlis (sp-

obs) mis socialur garemosTan urTierTobas.

52 A. Schönke/H. Schröder, StrafgaseTzbuchkommentar. 27. Auflage, München 2006. S. 781-782.


28

saxelmwifo saqmianobaSi TviTnebobis akrZalvasaxelmwifo saqmianobaSi TviTnebobis akrZalva gu-

lisxmobs saxelmwifo organoebis movaleobas sakuTari

gadawyvetilebebi dasabuTebulad miiRon.54

sasamarTlo kontrolisasamarTlo kontroli samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos

erT-erTi aucilebeli pirobaa. saxelmwifo organoebis

saqmianobisgan konstituciiT garantirebuli uflebebis

dacva xdeba swored sasamarTloSi. sasamarTloSi ganxor-

cielebuli konstituciuri uflebis dacva sajaro xeli-

suflebis mxridan calkeuli adamianis samarTlebriv sfe-

roSi Carevisa da SezRudvisgan unda iyos maqsimalurad

daculi,55 anu sajaro xelisufleba ar unda ereodes sasa-

marTlo saqmianobaSi.

sasamarTlo kontroli SesaZlebelia ganxorcieldes

mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac aRmasrulebeli xelisu-

flebis mier adamianis uflebebis SezRudva daeqvemdeba-

reba sasamarTloSi gasaCivrebas.56

racionaluri sajaro samsaxuri da sajaro mosam-saxureTa neitraliteti

racionaluri sajaro samsaxuri da sajaro mosamsaxu-reTa neitraliteti samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos ganuyo-feli nawilia.

saxelmwifo valdebulia Seqmnas sajaro samsaxuris sistema, romelic emyareba ̀ miukerZoeblobis, obieqturo-bis, gamWvirvalobis, angariSvaldebulebisa da kadrebis stabilurobis princips, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi saxelmwi-


55 i. Svabe, germaniis federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gad-awyvetilebebi. Tbilisi 2011. gv. 320.

56 iqve.

29

fo miiRebs avtokratiuli da oligarqiuli mmarTvelobis sistemis Camoyalibebis risks.~57

arastabiluri sajaro samsaxuri bunebrivad ganapiro-bebs patrimoniuli, politizebuli mmarTvelobis siste-mis ganviTarebas, sadac urTierTobebi pirad erTguleba-sa da araformalur kavSirebs emyareba.58

`sajaro mosamsaxureTa neitraliteti moiTxovs saja-ro mosamsaxureTa mxridan uflebamosilebis politikuri Tu sxva TvalsazrisiT miukerZoebel ganxorcielebas~.59

1.3.2. socialuri saxelmwifos principi

socialuri saxelmwifos principi daculia saqarTve-los konstituciis preambulaSi. konstituciis preambu-laSi mocemulia eqvsi fuZemdebluri mizani, romelTa realizacia saxelmwifos mTavar amocanad aris miCneuli. saqarTvelos konstituciis preambulis Tanaxmad, saqar-Tvelos moqalaqeni, romelTa uryevi nebaa daamkvidron [1]demokratiuli sazogadoebrivi weswyobileba, [2]eko-nomikuri Tavisufleba, [3]socialuri da samarTlebri-vi saxelmwifo, [4]uzrunvelyon adamianis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli uflebani da Tavisuflebani, [5]ganamtkicon saxelmwifoebrivi damoukidebloba da [6]sxva xalxebTan mSvidobiani urTierToba, eyrdnobian ra qarTveli eris mravalsaukunovani saxelmwifoebriobis tradiciebsa da saqarTvelos 1921 wlis konstituciis ZiriTad princi-pebs, saqveynod acxadeben am konstitucias.

socialur saxelmwifoSi moiazreba socialuri usafr-Txoeba, zogadi ekonomikuri wonasworobis Seqmna (Senar-


58 iqve.

59 iqve.

30

Cuneba), socialuri samarTlianoba60 da socialuri Ta-nasworoba.61

socialuri saxelmwifos germanuli doqtrina62 socia-luri saxelmwifos princips moiazrebs ori gansxvavebuli kuTxiT: (1) socialuri - wminda ekonomikuri Tvalsazri-siT (mag. socialur-ekonomikuri kontrastebis gaTanabre-ba) da (2) socialuri - socialuri urTierTobebis xelis Sewyoba da dacva.

saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlom 2007 wlis 18 maisis #2/1-370,382,390,402,405 gadawyvetilebaSi aRniS-na, rom `im sazogadoebaSi, romelmac konstituciis pream-bulaSive Tavis umTavres miznad gamoacxada ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis, demokratiuli, samarTlebrivi da socia-luri saxelmwifos damkvidreba, saxelmwifos mier gata-rebuli samarTlebrivi politika da kanonmdeblis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi unda Tavsdebodes am princi-pebis farglebSi~, xolo am farglebis darRveva, adamianis ZiriTadi uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis ignorirebaa.

socialuri saxelmwifos principi literaturaSi gan-martebulia, rogorc socialuri saxelmwifos mowyobis safuZveli. socialuri saxelmwifos principi saxelmwi-fos akisrebs socialuri saxis valdebulebebs, romlis sa-fuZvelzec unda moxdes socialurad daucveli moqalaqis daxmareba.

germaniis federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlos

60 b. lolaZe, socialuri saxelmwifo - safrTxe adamianis ZiriTa-di uflebebisa da TavisuflebisTvis? k. korkelia (red.), adamian-is uflebaTa dacva: miRwevebi da gamowvevebi. statiaTa krebuli. Tbilisi 2012. gv. 113.

61 T. zaaliSvili, socialuri saxelmwifos principi, misi elementebi da adamianis Rirsebis ufleba - saarsebo minimumis uzrunvelyofis safuZveli. Tsu-s Jurnali `samarTali~, 2012, gv. 269.

62 i. Svabe, germaniis federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gad-awyvetilebebi. Tbilisi 2011. gv. 312-319; germaniis federaluri sa-konstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba (BverGE) 35, 202 - lebaxis saqme.

31

mixedviT, msjavrdebuli piris (cixis pirobebSi) reso-cializacia efuZneba adamianis Rirsebas da socialuri saxelmwifos princips. msjavrdebuls, rogorc adamianu-ri Rirsebis matarebel pirs SesaZlebloba unda hqondes Rirseulad (gamosworebuli) daubrundes sazogadoebas. socialuri saxelmwifos principi saxelmwifos akisrebs valdebulebas izrunos im pirebze, romelTac socialur ganviTarebaSi xeli eSlebaT, imis miuxedavad, miuZRvis Tu ara pirovnulad brali SeezRudos socialuri ganviTare-ba.63 aseTi pirovnebebis kategorias ganekuTvnebian msja-vrdebulebi da cixidan gaTavisuflebuli pirebi.64

socialuri saxelmwifos principis sasjelaRsrule-biT mniSvnelobaze sainteresoa germaniis federaluri sasamarTlos 1973 gadawyvetileba e.w. `lebaxis saqmeze~.65 1969 wels germaniaSi, sofel lebaxSi sami axalgazrda Tavs daesxa samxedro nawils, mokla oTxi mZinare jariskaci da gaitaca maTi iaraRi da tyvia-wamali. damnaSaveebi iyvnen axlo megobrebi, romelTac erTmaneTTan hqondaT homo-seqsualuri urTierToba. mopovebuli iaraRiT isini api-rebdnen Tavdasxmebs qonebis dagrovebis mizniT. dagro-vebuli qonebiT ki surdaT samxreTis zRvebis sanapiroze uzrunvelad ecxovraT. naficmsajulTa sasamarTlom sami mosamarTlis da eqvsi naficmsajulis monawileobiT or mTavar damnaSaves uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, xolo mesames eqvsi wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa miusaja. sasa-marTlom miiRo gadawyvetileba danaSaulis mesame Tana-monawile 1973 wels gaeTavisuflebina pirobiT vadamde. msjavrdebulis gaTavisuflebis dRes telekompania `ZDF~


64 germaniis federaluri sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba (BVerfG 35, 202 (235).

65 germaniis federaluri sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba (BVerfG 35, 202; i. Svabe, germaniis federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi. Tbilisi 2011. gv. 131; k. kublaSvili, ZiriTadi uflebebi. Tbilisi 2003. gv. 122.

32

gegmavda eCvenebina orsaaTnaxevriani dokumenturi filmi saxelwodebiT `jariskacebis mkvleloba lebaxSi~. `filmi mayurebels uambobda danaSaulis winaistorias, Cadenis detalebs, gamoZiebis moqmedebas, damnaSaveTa dakavebasa da gasamarTlebis faqtebs. filmSi mocemuli iyo samive damnaSavis fotosuraTi maTi namdvili saxelebis miTiTe-biT~.66 sakonstitucio sasamarTlom telekompania `ZDF~-s aukr-Zala dokumenturi filmis Cveneba da ganacxada: `msjavr-debuls, rogorc konstituciiT garantirebuli adamianis Rirsebis matarebel pirs, SesaZlebloba unda mieces, sas-jelis moxdis Semdeg integrirebul iqnas sazogadoebaSi. msjavrdebulis interesi resocializaciaze gamomdinare-obs germaniis konstituciis meore muxlis pirveli nawi-lidan. sazogadoebis mxridan Tu vimsjelebT, socialuri saxelmwifos principi moiTxovs im adamianebze an jgufe-bze zrunvas, romelTac pirovnuli sisustis an sakuTari braleulobis gamo, xeli eSlebaT pirovnuli da socialu-ri ganviTarebisTvis, aseT adamianTa jgufs miekuTvnebian aseve msjavrdebulebi.~67

socialuri saxelmwifos principis realizaciisTvis gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens e.w. “cxovrebis cvale-badi SemTxvevebisagan” dacva.68

Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, ra Tqma unda, TavisTavad ar aris adamianis Rirsebis Semlaxavi. magram saWiroa saxel-mwifom cixis pirobebSi msjavrdebuls Seuqmnas yvela pi-roba, raTa igi sazogadoebaSi dabrundes, rogorc pasu-xismgeblobiT aRsavse moqalaqe, romelic cxovrebas dana-Saulis Cadenis gareSe gaagrZelebs. am mxriv, aucilebelia, rom msjavrdebuls realurad mieces Sansi dabrundes Ta-


67 germaniis federaluri sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba (BVerfG 35, 202 (235).

68 T. zaaliSvili, socialuri saxelmwifos principi, misi elementebi da adamianis Rirsebis ufleba - saarsebo minimumis uzrunvelyofis safuZveli. Tsu-s Jurnali `samarTali~, 2012, gv. 270.

33

visuflebaSi yovelgvari (cixis pirobebidan gamomdinare) uaryofiTi Sedegebis gareSe.69

saxelmwifos ufleba aqvs sazogadoebrivi wesrigis dacvisTvis gamoiyenos Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, magram igi valdebulia cixis pirobebi iyos msjavrdebulisTvis ga-mosworebis momtani (socialuri saxelmwifos principi).70

evrosabWos ministrTa sabWos 2003 wlis rekomendaci-iT (Rec(2003)23) TavisuflebaaRkveTili msjavrdebule-bis sacxovrebeli pirobebi, SeZlebisdagvarad bevr Ta-visuflebaSi arsebuli cxovrebis pirobebTan unda iyos miaxloebuli,71 raTa ar moxdes msjavrdebulis didi xniT TavisuflebaaRkveTis gamo misi socialuri gadagvareba.

saqarTvelos konstituciis preambulidan gamomdina-re, socialuri saxelmwifos principi msjavrdebulebis resocializaciasTan mimarTebaSi mocemulia konstitu-ciis 39-e muxlSi72 da saqarTvelos saxelmwifos avaldebu-lebs cixis pirobebSi uzrunvelyos msjavrdebulTa (miT ufro maRali sasjeliT TavisuflebaaRkveTil msjavrde-bulTa) resocializacia. saxelmwifo valdebulia izru-nos maTi socialuri urTierTobebis SenarCunebaze da ga-Rrmavebaze, raTa msjavrdebulebSi ar moxdes maTi (cixis datovebis Semdeg) resocializaciisTvis aucilebel ins-titutebTan gaucxoveba (ojaxi, skola, megobrebi, naTes-avebi).

69 germaniis federaluri sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba (BverfGE) 45, 187 (229).

70 l. izoria, saqarTvelos konstituciis komentari. Tavi meore. saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba. adamianis ZiriTadi uflebani da Tavisu-flebani. (muxli 39). Tbilisi 2013. gv. 484.

71 K. Drenkhahn, Langstrafenvollzug und Menschenrechte. In: Neue Kriminalpolitik 1/2009. S. 10.

72 l. izoria, saqarTvelos konstituciis komentari. Tavi meore. saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba. adamianis ZiriTadi uflebani da Tavisu-flebani. (muxli 39). Tbilisi 2013. gv. 483-484.

34

1.3.3. samarTlis ekonomikuri analizi

`sasjelis gamoyeneba saxelmwifos Zviri ujdeba~.73 profesor oTar gamyreliZis mosazreba sasjelis gamoye-nebis ekonomiurobis Sesaxeb, didi xania Seswavlis sagania dasavleTis ganviTarebuli samarTlis qveynebisTvis. 74

`samarTlis ekonomikur analizs ainteresebs iuridiu-li sanqciebis aRsrulebaze gaweuli xarjebi~.75

bunebrivi da saxelmwifoebrivi resursebis sworad da gaazrebulad gamoyeneba aris qveynis ganviTarebis auci-lebeli piroba.76

samarTlis normis ekonomikuri analiziT miRebuli daskvna, unda Seesabamebodes socialuri saxelmwifos princips, kerZod, socialur samarTlianobas,77 anu saxel-mwifo resursebis miznobrivad da samarTlianad gadanawi-lebas. ̀ [socialuri] samarTlianoba moiTxovs, rom kanonma daicvas sazogadoebis susti da naklebad uzrunvelyofi-li wevrebi.~78

samarTlis ekonomikuri analizi metad mniSvnelovania kriminaluri politikis ekonomikurad warmarTvisTvis. sasjelis ekonomikuri analizis dros erTmaneTs unda iq-nas Sedarebuli Tavisuflebis aRkveTisTvis da misi al-ternatiuli sasjelis gamoyenebisTvis daxarjuli eko-nomikuri saxsrebi. Tavisuflebis aRkveTis gamoyeneba ar

73 o. gamyreliZe, sisxlis samarTlis problemebi. mesame tomi. Tbilisi 2013 weli. gv. 111.

74 a. qiria, samarTlis ekonomikuri analizi da misi meTologiuri sazRvrebi. i. burduli (red.) sakorporacio samarTlis krebuli. II. Tbilisi 2014. gv. 17-22.


76 m. SalikaSvili, kriminologia. meore gamocema. Tbilisi 2011. gv. 254.

77 b. lolaZe, socialuri saxelmwifo -safrTxe adamianis ZiriTadi uflebebisa da TavisuflebebisaTvis? k. korkelia (red.), adamian-is uflebaTa dacva: miRwevebi da gamowvevebi. statiaTa krebuli. Tbilisi 2012. gv. 113.


35

SeiZleba saxelmwifos imaze meti Tanxa ujdebodes, vidre alternatiuli sasjelis gamoyeneba, miT ufro, rom msja-vrdebulis resocializaciis TvalsazrisiT Tavisufle-bis aRkveTis Semdeg ufro aris Sansi, rom damnaSavem dana-Sauli kvlav Caidinos.79

saxelmwifom unda gaanalizos, Tu romeli saxis sas-jelis gamoyeneba aris misTvis ekonomikurad da sasjelis miznebis Sedegobrivad (msjavrdebulis resocializacia) ufro misaRebi.

cixeSi msjavrdebulTa raodenobis winaswar gansazR-vra SesaZlebelia swori kriminaluri politikis ganxor-cielebiT. saxelmwifos kriminaluri politika da sas-jelis gamoyeneba damyarebuli unda iyos gaweuli xarjis da miRebuli sargeblis Sedarebis aspeqtze (Kosten-Nutzen Überlegungen).80

evrosabWos 1999 wlis rekomendaciiT (Recommendation R (99) 22), sasurvelia grZelvadiani sasjelebis Semcireba da moklevadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTis sareabilitacio RonisZiebebiT (programebiT) Canacvleba.81

Tavisuflebis aRkveTis gamoyeneba qveynis ekonomiku-ri da msjavrdebulis resocializaciis TvalsazrisiT ga-moyenebul unda iqnas mxolod ukiduresi zomis saxiT.

1.3.4. wamebis akrZalva

saqarTvelos konstituciis me-17 muxlis meore da me-same nawilis mixedviT, `(2) dauSvebelia adamianis wameba, arahumanuri, sastiki an pativisa da Rirsebis Semlaxveli mopyroba da sasjelis gamoyeneba. (3) dauSvebelia dakave-buli Tu sxvagvarad TavisufalebaSezRuduli piris fizi-kuri da fsiqologiuri iZuleba.~

79 Sead.: m. SalikaSvili, kriminologia. meore gamocema. Tbilisi 2011. gv. 255,256; o. gamyreliZe, sisxlis samarTlis problemebi. mesa-me tomi. Tbilisi 2013 weli. gv. 111.

80 F. Dünkel/ B. Geng, Fakten zur Überbelegung im Strafvollzug und Wege zur Reduzierung von Gefangenenraten. In: Neue Kriminalpolitik 3/2004. S. 149.81 iqve.

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wamebis, arahumanuri, sastiki an pativisa da Rirsebis Semlaxavi mopyrobisa da sasjelis gamoyenebisgan dacva adamianis absoluturi uflebaa.82 `wamebis an wamebis mu-qaris akrZalvis absoluturi xasiaTi araorazrovnad, yovelgvari gamonaklisis gareSe, imperatiulad aris gan-sazRvruli~83 konstituciis me-17 muxlis mesame nawilSi. konstituciis me-17 muxlis Canaweri pirdapir miuTiTebs sasjelis samarTlianobasa da Cadenil qmedebasTan Sesa-bamisobis aucileblobaze.84 `danaSaulis Camdeni piri ar unda iqces danaSaulTan brZolis SiSvel obieqtad~.85

sasjelis aRsrulebas ar SeiZleba mohyves imaze meti tkivili, rac Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT aris gamowveuli. msjavrdebulis individualuri da socialuri pirobebi SenarCunebul unda iqnas cxovrebis nebismier etapze.86 amisTvis saxelmwifo valdebulia sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebi uzrunvelyos saarsebo minimumiT, ro-melic ar Selaxavs adamianis pativsa da Rirsebas.87 saqar-Tvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi88 Semdegnairad ganimarta pativisa da Rirsebis uflebis SezRudva: `pativisa da Rirsebis uflebis SezRudvisas


83 m. turava, wameba da wamebis muqara adamianis sicocxlis gadasarCe-nad... sisxlissamarTlebrivad nebadarTuli RonisZieba? (erovnuli da evropuli midgomebi magnus gefgenis saqmis mixedviT. k. korkelia (red.), adamianis uflebaTa dacvis saerTaSoriso standartebi da saqarTvelo. statiaTa krebuli. Tbilisi 2011. gv. 198.


85 iqve.

86 k. kublaSvili, ZiriTadi uflebebi. Tbilisi 2003. gv. 88; i. Svabe, germaniis federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetile-bebi. Tbilisi 2011. gv. 16.


88 ix.: saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2007 wlis 26 oqtombris #2/2-389 gadawyvetileba.

37

saxeze unda iyos damamcirebeli mopyroba, romelsac aqvs Semdegi kriteriumebi: mopyroba msxverplSi aRZravs SiSis, tkivilisa da arasrulfasovnebis gancdas; es gancda amci-rebs da akninebs msxverpls; gancda texs msxverplis fi-zikur an moralur mdgomareobas; mopyrobis mizania msx-verplis damcireba; mopyrobis xarisxi aRwevs simkacris minimalur dones mainc. damamcirebeli mopyrobis faqti unda dadgindes obieqtur garemoebebze dayrdnobiT da ara savaraudo msxverplis subieqturi SegrZnebebisa da gancdebis analizis safuZvelze. ...pativisa da Rirsebis xelmyofi kanoni unda Seicavdes normebs, romlebic iqne-boda imdenad mkacri, amoraluri da usamarTlo, rom isini obieqturi TvalsazrisiT moaxdendnen: pirovnebis mier Tavis TvalSi sakuTari moraluri Tvisebebis Sefasebis (Rirsebis) an sazogadoebis mxridan pirovnebis SefasebiTi damokidebulebis (pativis) dakninebas. ... pativisa da Rir-sebis konstituciur dacvas aqvs Semdegi mimarTulebebi: adamianis sxeulis mTlianobis, fizikuri xelSeuxeblobis dacva; adamianis Rirseulad cxovrebisTvis aucilebeli samarTliani socialuri pirobebis uzrunvelyofa; sa-marTlebrivi Tanasworobis uzrunvelyofa; adamianis, ro-gorc individis pirovnulobis dacva~.

sainteresoa, xom ar iwvevs gamousworebel fsiqikur da fizikur zians, `texs msxverplis fizikur an moralur mdgomareobas~ msjavrdebulisTvis uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTis misja, riTac Seilaxeba misi pativi da Rirseba?

germaniis federalurma sakonstitucio sasamarTlom 1977 wlis 21 ivnisis #E-45, 187 gadawyvetilebaSi daadgi-na, rom adamianis Rirsebis Sesabamisi sasjelaRsrulebis winapirobebi moicavs uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTilisTvis Sanss rodesme gaxdes Tavisufali. aRniSnuli gadawyve-tilebis mixedviT, damnaSaves mkvlelobisTvis miesaja uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa. msjavrdebulis advokatma sakonstitucio sarCeliT moiTxova sasjelis am saxis gau-

38

qmeba, radgan igi (uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa) arRvevda adamianis Rirsebas, vinaidan igi, mTeli sicocxle cixeSi unda yofiliyo da ver SeZlebda sakuTari pirovnebis gan-viTarebas da rogorc individi sicocxleSive mkvdari iq-neboda. sakonstitucio sasamarTlom mousmina mraval eqs-perts, romlebic kvlevas atarebdnen im msjavrdebulebis pirovnebis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb, romlebsac grZelvadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTa hqondaT misjili. sasamarTlom Ta-vis gadawyvetilebaSi aRiara, rom uvado Tavisuflebis aR-kveTa adamianis Rirsebis umZimes darRvevas warmoadgenda, magram am sasjelis zomis arseboba dasaSvebad miiCnia, Tu msjavrdebuls eqneba Sansi garkveuli drois Semdeg isev gaxdes Tavisufali da gavides cixidan. aqve unda aRiniS-nos, rom Sewyalebis instituti ar iqna sakmarisad miCneu-li. sasamarTlom moiTxova kanonmdeblisgan, rom sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi pirdapir yofiliyo gawerili, Tu ramdeni wlis moxdis Semdeg eqneboda uvado Tavisufleba aRkveTils SesaZlebloba daetovebina cixe. aseT vadad ka-nonmdeblis mier mogvianebiT ganisazRvra 20 weli.89

saqarTveloSi moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTilisTvis sasjelis gadaxedvas aregulirebs 72-e da 73-e muxlebiT. erT SemTxvevaSi uva-do Tavisufleba aRkveTili piri SeiZleba gaTavisufldes cixidan, Tu man moixada 25 weli, xolo meore normis mixed-viT 20 wlis Semdeg.90

89 germaniis federalurma sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 1977 wlis 21 ivnisis #E-45, 187 gadawyvetileba. ix.: k. kublaSvili, ZiriTadi uflebebi. Tbilisi 2003. gv. 89; i. Svabe, germaniis federaluri sa-konstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi. Tbilisi 2011. gv. 16.

90 saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 72-e muxlis me-7 naw-ilis Tanaxmad, `msjavrdebuli uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTis moxdisgan SeiZleba gaTavisufldes, Tu man faqtobrivad moixada Tavisuflebis aRkveTis ocdaxuTi weli da Tu saqarTvelos sas-jelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa saministros adgilobrivi sabWo miiCnevs, rom saWiro aRar aris, ms-javrdebulma gaagrZelos am sasjelis moxda~. amave kodeqsis 73-e muxlis me-7 nawilis Tanaxmad, `msjavrdebuls uvado Tavisuflebis

39

sakonstitucio sasamarTlos dRemde arsebiTad ar umsjelia saqarTvelos konstituciis me-17 muxlis meore nawiliT daculi uflebis Sesaxeb.91 am mxriv Zalian sain-tereso praqtika gaaCnia adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTlos, romelic adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli konvenciis me-3 muxlis farglebSi ganixilavs evrosabWos wevr saxelmwifoebSi wamebis faqtebs. adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad Tavisu-flebaTa dacvis evropuli konvenciis me-3 muxlis Sinaarsi Seesabameba konstituciis me-17 muxlis normas.92 evropuli konvenciis me-3 muxlis Tanaxmad, aravin SeiZleba daeqvem-debaros wamebas, araadamianur an damamcirebel mopyrobas an dasjas.

1984 wlis wamebisa da sxva sastiki, araadamianuri an da-mamcirebeli mopyrobis an dasjis sawinaaRmdego konvenci-is Tanaxmad, wameba niSnavs nebismier qmedebas, romliTac saSineli tkivili an tanjva (ar aqvs mniSvneloba, fizikuri Tu sulieri), ganzrax miadga pirs im mizniT, rom misgan an mesame pirisgan mopovebuliyo informacia an aRiareba misi qmedebis dasjisTvis, romelic man an mesame pirma Caidina (an arsebobs eWvi, rom Caidina), an daaSinon an gamoiyenon iZuleba misi an mesame piris mimarT, an sxva raime mizniT,

aRkveTa SeiZleba Seecvalos sazogadoebisTvis sasargeblo SromiT an Tavisuflebis SezRudviT, Tu man faqtobrivad moixada Tavisu-flebis aRkveTis oci weli da Tu saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa saministros adg-ilobrivi sabWo miiCnevs, rom saWiro aRar aris, msjavrdebulma gaagrZelos am sasjelis moxda.~


92 m. turava, wameba da wamebis muqara adamianis sicocxlis gadasarCe-nad... sisxlissamarTlebrivad nebadarTuli RonisZieba? (erovnuli da evropuli midgomebi magnus gefgenis saqmis mixedviT. k. korkelia (red.), adamianis uflebaTa dacvis saerTaSoriso standartebi da saqarTvelo. statiaTa krebuli. Tbilisi 2011. gv. 198.

40

romelic efuZneba nebismieri saxis diskriminacias.93

wamebasa da araadamianur mopyrobas Soris umTavresi gansxvaveba mdgomareobs miyenebuli tanjvis simZimeSi. martivad rom vTqvaT, araadamianuri mopyroba gulisxmobs wamebasTan SedarebiT naklebi siZlierisa da intensivobis arasaTanado mopyrobas,94 xolo damamcirebelia qmedeba, romelic msxverplSi warmoSobs SiSs, tkivils, damcirebis grZnobas da iwvevs masSi damTrgunveli grZnobis aRZvras, ramac SeiZleba daamciros igi, Selaxos misi Rirseba da ga-texos adamianis fizikuri da moraluri mdgomareoba.95

strasburgis adamianis uflebaTa sasamarTlo me-3 mu-xlis darRvevisas mxedvelobaSi iRebs konkretuli saqmis yvela garemoebas, `afasebs ganxorcielebuli mopyrobisa Tu sasjelis sisastikes, iTvaliswinebs msxverplis sqess, asaks, fizikur Tu sulier mdgomareobas da mopyrobis ganxorcielebis Sedegad damdgar Sedegebs, agreTve, da-kisrebuli sasjelis proporciulobas Cadenil danaSaul-Tan. ramdenime saqmeSi sasamarTlom daadgina, rom mopyro-ba, miuxedavad imisa, rom iyo arasasiamovno da uxeSic ki, ar iTvleboda araadamianurad an damamcireblad. magaliTad, Guzzardi vs Italy saqmeSi b-ni guzardis mdgomareoba, rome-lic patimrobaSi imyofeboda kuZulze, yovelgvari eWvis gareSe CaiTvala arasasiamovnod da momabezrebladac ki, magram miuxedavad amisa, sasamarTlos azriT, mis mimarT ganxorcielebulma mopyrobam ver miaRwia me-3 muxliT da-dgenil minimalur zRvars.~96

93 wamebisa da sxva sastiki, araadamianuri an damamcirebeli mopyro-bis an dasjis sawinaaRmdego 1984 wlis konvencia, ZalaSi Sevida 1987 wlis 26 ivniss.94 b. boxaSvili, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos precen-dentuli samarTali. Tbilisi 2004. gv. 151, 153.

95 k. kublaSvili, sicocxlis ufleba saqarTvelos konstituciis mixedviT. k. korkelia (red.), adamianis uflebaTa evropuli stand-artebi da maTi gavlena saqarTvelo kanonmdeblobasa da praqtikaze. statiaTa krebuli. Tbilisi 2006. gv. 202.

96 b. boxaSvili, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos precen-

41

saxelmwifos mxridan adamianis wameba, araadamianuri an damamcirebeli mopyroba yvelaze xSirad xorcieldeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTis an winaswari dakavebis dawesebu-lebebSi.97

adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom dadgina, rom `pirovnebis mudmivi moTavseba pirobebSi, romelic saerTaSoriso standartebs arRvevs, SesaZlebelia arRve-vdes me-3 muxlis debulebebs~.98

gTavazobT, strasburgis adamianis uflebaTa evropu-li sasamarTlos konvenciis me-3 muxlTan dakavSirebul im gadawyvetilebebs, romlebic pirdapir kavSirSia saqar-Tvelos sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi arsebul md-gomareobasTan.

saqmeze kadikisi latviis winaaRmdeg99 evrosasamarT-lom aRniSna, rom saknis farTi, romelSic imyofeboda gan-mcxadebeli 6 kvadratuli metri iyo. saknis naxevarze meti ekava dasaZinebel adgils. Tavisufali moZraobisTvis darCenili teritoria mxolod 2,5 kvadratuli metri iyo. radgan dakavebulTan erTad sxva oTxi an xuTi pirovneba mainc imyofeboda, TiToeul pirovnebas daaxloebiT 1,2 – 1,5 kvadratuli metri farTi hqonda gamoyofili. sakani moklebuli iyo bunebriv ganaTebas. ventilacia saTanadod ver muSaobda. dakavebulebs saknis gareT gasvlis SesaZle-bloba naklebad hqondaT, garda tualetsa da abazanisa.

dentuli samarTali. Tbilisi 2004. gv. 145.

97 k. kublaSvili, sicocxlis ufleba saqarTvelos konstituciis mixedviT. k. korkelia (red.), adamianis uflebaTa evropuli stand-artebi da maTi gavlena saqarTvelo kanonmdeblobasa da praqtikaze. statiaTa krebuli. Tbilisi 2006. gv. 203.

98 b. boxaSvili, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-2 da me-3 muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli pozitiuri valdebulebebi – precen-dentuli samarTliT dadgenili uaxlesi standartebi. k. korkelia (red.), adamianis uflebaTa dacvis Tanamedrove gamowvevebi. statia-Ta krebuli. Tbilisi 2009. gv. 80.99 Kadikis v. Latvia, (ganacxadi #62393/00, 2006 wlis 4 maisi).

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ganmcxadebeli saknis gadatvirTulobis gamo fexis gaS-lasac ver axerxebda. mouwesrigebeli iyo maTi kvebis saki-Txic, dakavebulebi dReSi mxolod erTxel iRebdnen nor-malur sakvebs. imisaTvis, rom evrokonvenciis me-3 muxlis darRveva dadgindes sulac ar aris aucilebeli xsenebuli yvela darRveva erTdroulad moxdes, sasamarTlos azriT saxelmwifos mxridan pozitiuri valdebulebis darRveva SesaZlebelia, magaliTad, adekvaturi sakvebiT patimris momaragebis pasuxismgeblobis SeusruleblobiTac dad-gindes.100

saqmeze piersi saberZneTis winaaRmdeg101 evrosasa-marTlom daadgina konvenciis me-3 muxlis darRveva imis gamo, rom dakavebuli sasjels ixdida gadatvirTuli sak-nis pirobebSi, uxdeboda sapirfareSos gamoyeneba mesaknis TandaswrebiT da eswreboda mesaknis mier ganxorciele-bul analogiur process. sasamarTlos TqmiT me-3 muxlis darRveva saxezea, Tu cixis pirobebi patimarSi warmoSobs `mwuxarebisa da dabali Rirsebis gancdas, rac amcirebs da auaresebs mis mdgomareobas, rasac SeiZleba msjavrdebu-lis moraluri da fizikuri gatexva~ gamoiwvios.

saqmeze kalaSnikovi ruseTis winaaRmdeg102 evrosasa-marTlom mesame muxlis darRveva aRiara saknis gadatvir-Tulobis gamo. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom ganmcxadebeli moTavsebuli 20.8 kv. metr sakanSi (mTavrobis Tanaxmad), romelic gankuTvnili iyo 8 patimrisTvis. sakanSi ganTav-sebuli iyo orsarTuliani sawolebi. sasamarTlos gadawy-

100 b. boxaSvili, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-2 da me-3 muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli pozitiuri valdebulebebi – precendentuli samarTliT dadgenili uaxlesi standartebi. k. korkelia (red.), adamianis uflebaTa dacvis Tanamedrove gamowveve-bi. statiaTa krebuli. Tbilisi 2009. gv. 81, 82.

101 Peers v. Greece (ganacxadi #28524, 2001 wlis 5 aprili).

102 Kalashnikov v. Russia (ganacxadi #47095/99, 2002 wlis 15 ivlisi).

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vetilebiT, wamebis sawinaaRmdego evropulma komitetma erTi patimris saSualo personalur sivrced miiCnia 7 kv. metri,103 e.i. 8 patimrisTvis 56 kv. metri. rva adgilian sakan-Si imyofeboda 21 adamiani. seriozuli gadatvirTulobis gamo, patimrebi iZulebulni iyvnen daeZinaT rig-rigobiT, rvasaaTiani intervalebiT. sakanSi Zili garTulebuli iyo mudmivi ganaTebisa da im xmauris gamo, romelic gamowveu-li iyo patimarTa didi raodenobiT. Zilis ukmarisobam mZime Sedegi SeiZleba iqonios patimris fizikur da su-lier janmrTelobaze.

saqmeze poRosiani saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg104 evro-sasamarTlom mesame muxlis darRveva daadgina sasjelaR-srulebis dawesebulebaSi msjavrdebulis arasaTanado mkurnalobis gamo. 2007 wlis 18 ianvars xviCa poRosian-ma ganacxadiT mimarTa strasburgSi adamianis uflebaTa sasamarTlos. ganmcxadebeli xviCa poRosiani saqarTve-los moqalaqea, daibada 1972 wels da cxovrobs bodbisxe-vSi. qurdobisTvis sapatimro sasjelis moxdis periodSi, 2006 wlis oqtomberSi, momCivans cixis saavadmyofoSi Cau-tarda qirurgiuli operacia. 2006 wlis 11 noembers is ga-daiyvanes rusTavis sasjelaRsrulebis me-6 dawesebule-baSi.

ganmcxadebeli Cioda, rom naiarevi ar iyo srulad Se-xorcebuli, ris Sedegadac igi dainficirda. imave TveSi aplikantis advokatma werilobiT mimarTa iusticiis sami-

103 im SemTxvevaSi Tu msjavrdebuli sxva msjavrdebulebTan erTad imyofeba TiToeul patimarze, rogorc minimum, unda modiodes (Ses-aZlebelia 7 kv. metris nacvlad) 4 kv. metri. ix.: b. boxaSvili, adami-anis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-2 da me-3 muxlebiT gaTval-iswinebuli pozitiuri valdebulebebi – precendentuli samarTliT dadgenili uaxlesi standartebi. k. korkelia (red.), adamianis ufle-baTa dacvis Tanamedrove gamowvevebi. statiaTa krebuli. Tbilisi 2009. gv. 81.

104 Poghosian v. Georgia (ganacxadi #9870/07, 2009 wlis 24 Teberva-li).

44

nistros sasjelaRsrulebis departamentis direqtors da acnoba, rom misi marwmuneblis sisxlis analizi uCvenebda organizmSi virusuli C hepatitis arsebobas. is iTxovda momCivnis gadayvanas cixis saavadmyofoSi, misTvis saWi-ro gamokvlevebisa da efeqtiani samedicino mkurnalobis Catarebis mizniT. advokatma ramdenjerme wamoayena aR-niSnuli moTxovna, maT Soris mimarTa cixis direqtorsac, Tumca uSedegod. cixis direqtorma 2006 wlis dekemberSi pasuxad advokats acnoba, rom momCivani gamoikvlia hema-tologma, romelmac, marTalia, daadgina qronikuli viru-suli C hepatitis arseboba, magram miiCnia, rom daavadeba ar iyo imdenad mwvave, rom saWiro yofiliyo momCivnis ga-dayvana cixis saavadmyofoSi.

sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom cixis saavadmyofodan gawe-ris Semdeg momCivani cixis samedicino personalis me-Tvalyureobis qveS iyo da, radgan naiarevi msubuqad iyo inficirebuli, SesaZlebeli gaxda misTvis Sedegiani mkur-nalobis gaweva. momCivanma TviTon daadastura, rom ope-raciis Semdgomma periodma garTulebebis gareSe Caiara. Sesabamisad, sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom cixis saavadmyofo-sa da rusTavis sasjelaRsrulebis me-6 dawesebulebaSi momCivnisTvis operaciis Semdgom gaweul mkurnalobasTan dakavSirebiT ar darRveula konvenciis me-3 muxli. rac Seexeba patimrobisas gaweul mkurnalobas C hepatitTan dakavSirebiT, sasamarTlom, pirvel yovlisa, aRniSna, rom ramdenime analizis miuxedavad, romlebmac daadastura momCivnis daavadeba am virusiT, saqmis masalebidan ar ga-momdinareobda, rom Sesabamisma organoebma `Tavi Seiwu-xes~ Semdgomi aucilebeli analizebis, magaliTad, infeq-ciis odenobis, virusis genotipis gansazRvris an biofsiis CatarebisTvis. aseTi analizebis saWiroeba miT ufro na-Teli gaxda mas Semdeg, rac 2006 wlis dekemberSi hemato-logma daaskvna, rom daavadeba iyo qronikuli da virusi agrZelebda gamravlebas.

sasamarTlom daadgina, rom patimris janmrTelobis

45

dasacavad sakmarisi ar aris misi gamokvleva da diagnozis dasma. aucilebelia diagnozis Sesabamisi samedicino mkurnalobis uzrunvelyofa, iseve, rogorc saTanado sa-medicino meTvalyureoba. Sesabamisad, sasamarTlom miu-Reblad miiCnia, rom momCivnis araerTgzis moTxovna mis-Tvis mkurnalobis gawevasTan dakavSirebiT darCa upasu-xod an uyuradRebod.

sasamarTlom aseve aRniSna, rom mis warmoebaSi amJamad 40-mde saCivari iyo qarTul cixeebSi arsebuli samedici-no daxmarebis Sesaxeb da miiCnia, rom arsebobda sistemuri problema – avadmyofi, maT Soris virusuli C hepatitiT daavadebuli patimrebis arasaTanado mkurnalobis Tval-sazrisiT. man miiCnia, rom es amZimebda saqarTvelos pasu-xismgeblobas adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciiT nakisri valdebulebebis Sesrulebis kuTxiT.

yovelives gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlom daaskvna, rom virusuli C hepatitiT daavadebul momCivans pa-timrobis periodSi ver gauwies saTanado mkurnaloba, rac konvenciis me-3 muxlis darRvevaa. evrosasamarTlosTvis anazRaurebis moTxovnis dadgenil vadaSi warudgenlobis gamo sasamarTlos zianis anazRaureba saxelmwifosTvis ar daukisrebia.

gadawyvetilebaSi RavTaZe saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg,105 adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo xazs usvavs, rom avadmyofi patimris dabruneba sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi mis srul gankurnebamde an iqamde, sanam mkurnalobis kursis Catareba samedicino dawesebulebis gareTac ar iqneba SesaZlebeli, wamebisa da araadamianu-ri mopyrobis tolfasia da warmoadgens evropis adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa konvenciis me-3 mu-xlis darRvevas.

ganmcxadebeli irakli RavTaZe saqarTvelos moqala-qea. igi daakaves 2006 wlis 19 oqtombers da 21 oqtombers moaTavses Tbilisis #5 sapyrobileSi. 2007 wlis 4 aprils

105 Ghavtadze v. Georgia (ganacxadi #23204/07, 2009 wlis 3 marti)

46

ganmcxadebels miesaja 11 wliTa da 6 TviT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa iaraRis ukanonod tarebisa da yaCaRobisTvis. 2007 wlis 4 ivliss ganaCeni saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrda da sasjelis xangrZlivoba 8 wlamde da 6 Tvemde Semcirda. rogorc saqmis masalebiT irkveva, ganmcxadebeli iyenebda narkotikul saSualebebs venaSi Seyvanis gziT. igi amtki-cebs, rom dapatimrebamde janmrTeli iyo da #5 sapyrobi-leSi moTavsebis Semdeg mZimed daavadda. ganmcxadebeli samjer iyo hospitalizebuli cixis saavadmyofoSi janmr-Telobis gauaresebis gamo. mas hqonda C hepatitis mwvave virusi, magram, amis miuxedavad, 2007 wlis 10 Tebervals ganmcxadebeli #5 sapyrobileSi daabrunes. samedicino masalebiT irkveva, rom ganmcxadeblis cixis saavadmyofo-dan gadayvana ar iyo eqimis mier nebadarTuli. 2007 wlis 15 Tebervals, hospitalizaciis Sewyvetidan xuTi dRis Sem-deg, ganmcxadebeli cixeSi moinaxules wamebisa da Zalado-bis msxverplTa reabilitaciis centris warmomadgenleb-ma. ganmcxadebeli Cioda, rom miuxedavad mZime mdgomareo-bisa, mas ar hqonia eqimTan konsultaciis SesaZlebloba. rogorc aRniSnuli vizitis Semdeg gakeTebuli moxsene-bidan irkveva, ganmcxadebeli, romelic ganTavsebuli iyo Cveulebriv sakanSi, eqimebis moTxovniT, gadaiyvanes cixis samedicino blokSi gamokvlevebis Casatareblad. maT daas-kvnes, rom aucilebeli iyo, yovelgvari vadebis gareSe, gan-mcxadeblis moTavseba Sesabamis klinikaSi gamokvlevebis, analizebisa da mkurnalobis Catarebis mizniT. momdevno dReebSi, janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gauaresebis Semdeg, 2007 wlis 20 Tebervals, cixis eqimma moiTxova ganmcxade-blis cixis samkurnalo dawesebulebaSi gadayvana, rac ima-ve dRes moxda. meore hospitalizacia ganxorcielda 2007 wlis 20 Tebervlidan 31 martamde periodSi. 2007 wlis 31 marts ganmcxadebeli gaweres cixis samkurnalo dawesebu-lebidan da daabrunes #5 sapyrobileSi. dauzustebelia, iyo Tu ara amis Taobaze eqimebis nebarTva da gaugrZelda Tu ara ganmcxadebels cixeSi eqimis mier daniSnuli mkur-

47

nalobis kursi. mesamed, 2007 wlis 23 aprils, cixis eqimma daadgina, rom ganmcxadebels awuxebda tuberkulozuri plevriti, saerTo gadaRliloba da sunTqvis ukmarisoba, aseve – maRali temperatura. eqimma moiTxova ganmcxade-blis saswrafo hospitalizacia, rac imave dRes Sesrulda.

konvenciis me-3 muxli saxelmwifos akisrebs pozitiur valdebulebas, raTa uzrunvelyos, rom TiToeuli pati-mari imyofebodes misi adamianuri Rirsebis pativiscemis pirobebSi, rom sasjelis aRsrulebam ar gamoiwvios gan-sacdeli an tanjva, romlis intensivobac gadaaWarbebs pa-timrobis Tanmdev, gardauval tanjvas da, rom patimrobis pirobebSi adekvaturad iqnas uzrunvelyofili patimris janmrTeloba, kerZod, Sesabamisi medikamentebis miwode-biT. amrigad, arasakmarisi medikamentozuri mkurnaloba da, zogadad, avadmyofis yofna araadekvatur sapatimro pirobebSi, warmoadgens konvenciis me-3 muxlis darRvevas.

logistikuri da finansuri problemebis miuxedavad, saxelmwifo valdebulia, ise moawyos Tavisi penitencia-luri sistema, rom uzrunvelyos patimrebis adamianuri Rirsebis pativiscema.

miuxedavad imisa, rom jer kidev ar iyo dadgenili ma-Rali sicxianobis gamomwvevi mizezebi da ganmcxadebels awuxebda mwvave virusuli hepatiti da sxva daavadebebi, 2007 wlis 10 Tebervals is gadaiyvanes Tbilisis #5 sa-pyrobileSi da moaTavses Cveulebriv sakanSi. gadayvanam-de ramdenime dRiT adre eqimebma ganmcxadeblis janmrTe-lobis mdgomareoba Seafases, rogorc mZime. sasamarTlos azriT, cixeSi gadayvana miT ufro gaumarTlebeli iyo, im droisTvis Tbilisis me-5 sapyrobileSi, romelic medper-sonalis naklebobas ganicdida, ar arsebobda msgavsi se-niT daavadebuli patimrebis moTavsebis araviTari piro-ba. Tbilisis #5 sapyrobileSi higienuri pirobebis mxriv arsebuli mdgomareobisa da kanze qaviliT gamowveuli da-zianebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, ganmcxadebels muni Seeyara. sasamarTlo ar iziarebs mTavrobis arguments, romelic,

48

aRiarebs ganmcxadeblis piodermiiT daavadebis mizezad cixeSi arsebul arahigienur pirobebs asaxelebs. Tu pati-mari valdebulia, daicvas aRniSnuli wesebi, maSin mas Se-sabamisi saSualebebic unda hqondes da unda imyofebodes adekvatur higienur pirobebSi. magram, rogorc wamebis sawinaaRmdego komitetis moxsenebidan irkveva, am period-Si Tbilisis #5 sapyrobileSi erT adgilze oTxi patimari modioda, xolo saknebi binZuri da nestiani iyo. garda ami-sa, saknebis dazianebis done ̀ aRweras~ ar eqvemdebareboda. aqedan gamomdinare, sasamarTlo ar miiCnevs, rom sayovel-Tao sibinZuris, nestianobisa da dazianebebis pirobebSi ganmcxadeblis sakani, sadac ar unda yofiliyo is, mTel sapyrobileSi gamonakliss warmoadgenda da danarCeni dawesebulebisgan gansxvavebiT, is Sesabamisad movlili da ganiavebuli iyo.

sasamarTlo askvnis, rom saqarTvelos Sesabamisma kom-petenturma organoebma ar Seasrules ganmcxadeblis jan-mrTelobis dacvis, aseve misTvis sakmarisi da adekvaturi mkurnalobis Catarebis pozitiuri valdebuleba, C hepa-titisa da tuberkulozis mkurnalobis TvalsazrisiT. Se-degad, dairRva konvenciis me-3 muxli da mopasuxe saxel-mwifos daevala 9.000 (cxra aTasi) evros moraluri zianis saxiT anazRaureba.

saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg gamotanili gadawyvetilebe-bidan evrosasamarTlom evropuli konvenciis me-3 muxlis darRveva sasjelaRsrulebis kuTxiT dafiqsira Semdeg saqmeebze: alievi saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg (gancxadebis #522/04, 2009 wlis 13 ianvari); ramiSvili da koxreiZe sa-qarTvelos winaaRmdeg (ganacxadis #1704/06, 2009 wlis 27 ianvari); gorgilaZe saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg (ganacxadis #4313/04, 2009 wlis 20 oqtomberi). zemoaRniSnul samive saqmeze momCivani moqalaqeebi sasjels ixdidnen Tbilisis #5 sapyrobileSi metad mZime higienur pirobebSi: gada-

49

tvirTuli sakani, morigeobiT Zili, sakanSi sineste, anti-sanitaria da Ria sapirfareSo.

adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvis mdgoma-reobis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis 2012 wlis angariSSi aRniSnulia, rom sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebu-lebebSi 2 oqtombris arCevnebis Semdgom periodSi nakle-bad, magram mainc hqonda adgili msjavrdebulTa araada-mianur mopyrobas.106

1.3.5 piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba

saqarTvelos konstituciis me-20 muxlis Tanaxmad, ̀ yo-veli adamianis piradi cxovreba, piradi saqmianobis adgi-li, piradi Canaweri, mimowera, satelefono saubari da sxva saxis teqnikuri saSualebiT, agreTve teqnikuri saSuale-bebiT miRebuli Setyobinebani xelSeuxebelia. aRniSnuli uflebis SezRudva daiSveba sasamarTlos gadawyvetile-biT an mis gareSec, kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli gadaudebe-li aucileblobisas.~

piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis ganmartebisas sa-qarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlom aRniSna: ̀ konkre-tuli uflebis adekvaturi uzrunvelyofiT adamianis Rirsebis dacvisas saxelmwifo, imavdroulad, valde-bulia gaiTvaliswinos demokratiul, samarTlebriv da socialur saxelmwifoSi adamianisa da saxelmwifos ur-TierTdamokidebuleba. amitom kanonmdebloba unda Seiqm-nas socialuri Tanacxovrebis xelSewyobisa da SenarCune-bis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tumca im savaldebulo pirobiT, rom daculi iqneba TiToeuli pirovnebis TviTmyofadoba~.107

konstituciis me-20 muxli akisrebs saxelmwifos nega-tiuri valdebulebis saxiT, rom ar Caerios muxliT da-culi uflebis sargeblobaSi da uzrunvelyos pirovnebis

106 saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis 2012 wlis angariSi. gv. 12, 122-126.

107 q. eremaZe, interesTa dabalanseba demokratiul sazogadoebaSi. Tbilisi 2013. gv. 18.

50

dacva, xolo pozitiuri valdebuleba iTxovs, rom saxel-mwifom uzrunvelyos piradi cxovrebis pativiscema, `rac pirvel rigSi, gulisxmobs pirovnebis Tavisufali ganvi-Tarebis xelisSemSleli garemoebebis, SezRudvebis aRkve-Tas~.108

piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis sakiTxi aseve ga-Tvaliswinebulia adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao dekla-raciis me-12 muxlSi, bavSvTa uflebaTa konvenciis me-16 muxlSi, samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso paqtis me-17 muxlSi da adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-8 muxlSi. strasburgis adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTlos evropuli konvenciis me-8 muxlis darRvevaze sasjelaRsrulebis kuTxiT sak-maod xSirad umsjelia.109

saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos piradi cxovrebis uflebis kuTxiT arsebiTad ar aqvs ganxiluli arc erTi sasjelaRsrulebis sferos mikuTvnebuli saqme. sainteresoa saqme `daviT sarTania da aleqsandre maWaraS-vili saqarTvelos parlamentis da saqarTvelos iustici-is saministros winaaRmdeg~. sakonstitucio sasamarTlom aRniSnuli saqme arsebiTi ganxilvisTvis ar miiRo. mosar-Cele iTxovda im normatiuli aqtebis arakonstituciurad cnobas, romlebic patimars uzRudavda ojaxis wevrTan Sexvedris uflebas. sakonstitucio sasamarTlos azriT `patimris ufleba, SeinarCunos ojaxuri urTierTobebi ar iyo daculi konstituciis me-20 muxlis pirveli punq-tiT. aramed, es sakiTxebi mowesrigebuli iyo konstituci-is me-16 muxliT da 36-e muxlis meore punqtiT, romlebic


109 ix.: s. papuaSvili, TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebis ufleba pira-di cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobaze adamianis uflebaTa evropuli kon-venciis mixedviT. k. korkelia (red.), adamianis uflebaTa evropu-li standartebi da maTi gavlena saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobasa da praqtikaze. statiaTa krebuli. Tbilisi 2006. gv. 244-254.

51

exebodnen adamianis piradi cxovrebis iseT aspeqtebs, ro-goricaa adamianis pirovnuli ganviTarebisTvis aucile-beli personaluri kavSirebi da ojaxuri urTierToba.~110 sakonstitucio sasamarTlos aRniSnuli ganCineba metad sainteresoa da aucileblad miviCnevT mis ganxilvas.111 konstituciuri sarCelis Tanaxmad, `mosarCeleebi arian msjavrdebulebi da ixdian sasjels mZime da gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulis CadenisTvis sasjelaRsrulebis dawese-bulebaSi. mosarCele d. sarTania sasjels ixdis rusTavis №2 saerTo, mkacri da sapyrobilis reJimis sasjelaRs-rulebis dawesebulebaSi. mas SesaZlebloba aqvs Sexvdes meuRlesa da mcirewlovan Svilebs or TveSi erTxel, erTi saaTiT, mxolod SuSis gamyofi barieris miRma ise, rogorc es gaTvaliswinebulia `patimrobis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis 74-e muxlis me-4 punqtiTa da saqarTvelos ius-ticiis ministris 1999 wlis 28 dekembris `mkacri reJimis dawesebulebis debulebisa da Sinaganawesis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~ №366 brZanebis me-14 muxlis me-8 punqtiT. xolo mosarCele a. maWaraSvili msjavrdebulia gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulis pirvelad CadenisTvis da sasjels ix-dis mkacri reJimis sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi, dedasTan da arasrulwlovan SvilTan Sexvedris SesaZle-bloba mas eZleva TveSi erTxel. patimrebisaTvis paemnis SezRudva TveSi erTi da or TveSi erTi paemnis uflebamde, mosarCeleebis azriT, warmoadgens maTi piradi da ojaxu-ri cxovrebis pativiscemis uflebaSi Carevas da ar Sei-Zleba gamarTlebuli da proporciuli iyos im miznebisa, ris miRwevasac cdilobs saxelmwifo msgavsi SezRudvebis dawesebiT.~112


111 ix.: saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2009 wlis 10 ivni-sis #1/2/458 ganCineba.

112 ix.: saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2009 wlis 10 ivni-

52

sakonstitucio sasamarTlos mier sarCelis ganxilvis periodSi Seicvala `patimrobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos ka-nonis 74 muxlis me-4 punqti da msjavrdebuls, romelic sasjels ixdis mkacri reJimis sasjelaRsrulebis dawe-sebulebaSi, ufleba mieca hqondes TveSi ara umetes erTi paemnisa, am kanonis 48-e muxlis me-4 punqtiT gansazRvru-li damatebiTi paemnis garda. `aRniSnuli normis axali redaqciis Sesabamisad, nebismier pirs, romelic sasjels ixdis mkacri reJimis sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi, maT Soris recidiuli danaSaulisTvis msjavrdebulebsac, ufleba aqvT hqondeT TveSi ara umetes erTi paemnisa, da-matebiTi paemnis garda. Sesabamisad, ~patimrobis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis 74-e muxlis me-4 punqti aRar adgens gansxvavebul wess mkacri reJimis sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi myofi im msjavrdebulebisTvis, romlebic sasjels ixdian recidiuli danaSaulisTvis. magram amave dros, ucvleli darCa saqarTvelos iusticiis ministris brZaneba `mkacri reJimis dawesebulebis debulebisa da Sinaganawesis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~, romelic danaSaulis recidivis SemTxvevaSi paemans mxolod ori TveSi erTxel

iTvaliswinebs. Sesabamisad, orive mosarCelis mimarT mo-

qmedebas ganagrZobs saqarTvelos iusticiis ministris

brZaneba, romelic `patimrobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos ka-

nonis 74-e muxlis me-4 punqtis axal redaqcias mxolod

nawilobriv Seesabameba.~113

sakonstitucio sasamarTlom ganCinebaSi imsjela zo-

gadad piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis sakiTxze, da ro-

gorc aRiniSna, ar miiRo warmoebaSi arsebiTi ganxilvisa-

Tvis im garemoebis gamo, rom ojaxuri urTierTobebi ar

iyo daculi konstituciis me-20 muxliT. sakonstitucio

sasamarTlos TqmiT aseTi urTierToba anu msjavrdebu-

sis #1/2/458 ganCineba, I.p.5,6.

113 ix.: saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2009 wlis 10 ivni-sis #1/2/458 ganCineba, I I.p.1,2.

53

lis paemanis ufleba ganxiluli unda iqnas konstituciis

36-e muxlis meore nawilis da me-16 muxlis farglebSi.

sakonstitucio sasamarTlos mier 2009 wlis 10 ivnisis

#1/2/458 ganCinebaSi dafiqsirebuli mosazreba ra Tqma

unda sworia. aRniSnuli ganCinebiT sasamarTlom msjavr-

debulis paemnis uflebas xedavs konstituciis or muxlSi

(me-16 da 36-e meore nawili).

msjavrdebulis paemnis ufleba gulisxmobs urTier-

Tobis SesaZleblobas 1) ojaxis wevrebTan da 2) sxva pireb-

Tan (anu araojaxis wevrebi).

saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlom 2009 wlis

10 ivnisis #1/2/458 ganCinebaSi msjavrdebulis Sexvedra

ojaxis wevrebTan konstituciis 36-e muxlis meore nawi-

lis ganxilvis sferos, xolo msjavrdebulis `sxva pireb-

Tan~ (araojaxis wevrebTan) Sexvedra konstituciis me-16

muxlis sferos miakuTvna.

konstituciisgan gansxvavebiT, adamianis uflebaTa

evropuli sasamarTlosTvis patimris an zogadad ojaxis wevrebis urTierToba regulirdeboda piradi cxovrebis uflebis farglebSi (evrokonvenciis me-8 muxli),114 germa-nuli kanonmdeblobiT ki patimarTa paemanTan dakavSire-buli urTierToba regulirdeba germaniis konstituciis meore da meeqvse muxliT,115 rac saqarTvelos konstitu-ciis me-16 muxls da 36-e muxlis meore nawils Seesabameba. saqarTvelos konstituciis 20-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Canawers - `yoveli adamianis piradi cxovreba, piradi sa-qmianobis adgili~ germaniis konstitucia ar icnobs, ami-114 b. boxaSvili, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos pre-cendentuli samarTali. Tbilisi 2004. gv. 262; i. giviaSvili, gad-awyvetilebis miRebis procesSi sazogadoebis monawileoba, rogorc adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-8 muxlis proceduru-li moTxovna da misi kavSiri demokratiasTan. k. korkelia (red.), ada-mianis uflebaTa dacva: miRwevebi da gamowvevebi. statiaTa krebuli. Tbilisi 2012. gv. 73.

115 K. Laubenthal, Strafvollzug. Sechste Auflage. Heidelberg 2011. S. 311 - 313.

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tom aris, rom msjavrdebulis piradi cxovrebis sakiTxi mowmdeba pirovnebis ganviTarebis uflebis WrilSi (ger-maniis konstituciis meore muxli) xolo msjavrdebulis paemanis konstituciuroba mowmdeba germaniis konstitu-ciis meeqvse muxlebiT (ojaxis saxelmwifos mxridan dac-vis principi).

sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2009 wlis 10 ivnisis #1/2/458 ganCineba gasakritikebelia formalurobis ku-TxiT. sasamarTlo ar Sedis msjavrdebulis paemanis ufle-bis konstituciis me-16 da 36 muxlebis farglebSi siRrmi-seul ganmartebasa da komentarSi, rac metad samwuxaroa. Zalian kargia am mxriv germaniis federaluri sakonsti-tucio sasamarTlos 1973 wlis lebaxis saqme. sasamarTlos miRebuli gadawyvetileba exeba samarTlebrivi da sazo-gadoebrivi cxovrebis ramdenime mniSvnelovan aspeqts: 1) radio an telemauwyeblobebis Tavisuflebis konfli-qts sxva konstituciiT dacul sikeTeebTan; 2) pirovnu-li Tavisuflebis Selaxvisa da informaciis miRebasTan dakavSirebuli sazogadoebis interesis urTierTSefar-deba; 3) socialuri saxelmwifos mniSvneloba msjavrdebu-lis resocializaciis sakiTxSi.116 germaniis federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlo Tavisi gadawyvetilebebiT xels uwyobs, anviTarebs da amkvidrebs samosamarTleo sa-marTals. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos unda gaeTvaliswinebina sazogadoebis im nawilis didi interesi, romelic 2009 wels sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi ix-dida sasjels,117 an romelsac SesaZlebloba ar hqonda Tve-Si erTxel mainc Sexvedroda Tavis msjavrdebuls da ufro

116 germaniis federaluri sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba (BVerfG 35, 202); i. Svabe, germaniis federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi. Tbilisi 2011. gv. 131; k. kublaSvili, ZiriTadi uflebebi. Tbilisi 2003. gv. 122.

117 statistikuri monacemebis Tanaxmad, 2009 wels Tavisufle-baaRkveTil pirTa raodenoba sasjelaRsrulebiT dawesebulebebSi Seadgenda daaxlovebiT 20 aTas msjavrdebuls. m. SalikaSvili, krim-inologia. meore gamocema. Tbilisi 2011. gv. 168.

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farTod unda ganemarta msjavrdebulis paemanis ufleba da misi gamoyeneba saqarTvelos konstituciis farglebSi.

daskvnis saxiT unda iTqvas, rom saqarTvelos sakons-titucio sasamarTlos patimrebis paemanis ufleba ar unda ganexila konstituciis me-20 muxlis (piradi cxo-vrebis xelSeuxeblobis) farglebSi, rogorc amas akeTebs adamianis uflebaTa strasburgis evropuli sasamarTlo. saqarTvelos konstituciis me-20 muxlis da adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-8 muxlis Canawerebi me-tad identuria: yvelas aqvs ufleba pativi scen mis pirad da ojaxur cxovrebas, mis sacxovrebelsa da mis mimoweras (evropuli konvenciis me-8 muxli), yoveli adamianis pira-di cxovreba, piradi saqmianobis adgili, piradi Canaweri, mimowera... xelSeuxebelia (konstituciis me-20 muxli). konstituciis me-20 muxlSi ar aris aRniSnuli `ojaxuri urTierTobis xelSeuxebloba~, ris gamoc sakonstitucio sasamarTlom sworad miuTiTa konstituciis 36-e muxlze, xolo iseT SemTxvevebSi, msjavrdebulis paemnis ufleba-ze sxva pirebTan ganxilul unda iqnas konstituciis me-16 muxlis WrilSi.

garda amisa, sakonstitucio sasamarTlos SesaZleblo-ba unda hqondes gazardos davis sagani, Tu mosarCele ar iqneba amis winaaRmdegi. amiT xeli Seewyoba saqarTveloSi samarTlis da konkretulad samosamarTleo samarTlis ganviTarebas.

adamianis uflebaTa konvenciis me-8 muxliT garanti-rebuli piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis ufleba Tavi-suflebaaRkveTil pirebTan mimarTebaSi SeiZleba daiyos Semdeg komponentebad: TviT piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxe-blobis ufleba, fizikuri da moraluri xelSeuxebloba (samartoo patimroba, fizikuri da moraluri xelSeu-xebloba, kontaqti ojaxis wevrebTan); korespondenciis xelSeuxebloba.118

118 s. papuaSvili, TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebis ufleba piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobaze adamianis uflebaTa evropuli kon-venciis mixedviT. k. korkelia (red.), adamianis uflebaTa evropu-

56

1.3.6 uflebebis SezRudva sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebSi

saqarTvelos konstituciiT garantirebul ZiriTad uflebebs, garemoebis miuxedavad inarCuneben Tavisu-flebaaRkveTili pirebi. es uflebebi ar SeiZleba SeizRu-dos kanonieri safuZvlis gareSe. germaniis federalurma sakonstitucio sasamarTlom bevrjer aRniSna, rom saxel-mwifo valdebulia uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebis dros daicvas patimris Rirseba: adamianis arsebobisTvis aucilebeli individualuri da socialuri pirobebi (maT Soris uflebebi) msjavrdebulebs unda gaaCndeT dapa-timrebis miuxedavad.119 patimrobaSi myofi pirebi droebiT kargaven Tavisuflebis uflebas. zogierTi ufleba Sei-Zleba SeizRudos dapatimrebis faqtis gamo. es uflebebia: piradi Tavisuflebis ufleba, gadaadgilebis Tavisufle-ba, azris Tavisuflad gamoxatvis Tavisufleba, Sekrebe-bis Tavisufleba, arCevnebSi xmis micemis ufleba da a.S.120

msjavrdebuls SeuzRudavad aqvs sicocxlis da piradi xelSeuxeblobis121 dacvis ufleba.122

msjavrdebulisTvis uflebebis SezRudvis dros au-cilebelia Tanazomierebis da samarTlebrivi usafr-Txoebis principebis dacva. msjavrdebulisTvis ufle-

li standartebi da maTi gavlena saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobasa da praqtikaze. statiaTa krebuli. Tbilisi 2006. gv. 244-254.

119 K. Laubenthal, Strafvollzug. Sechste Auflage. Heidelberg 2011. S. 19.

120 s. papuaSvili, TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebis ufleba piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobaze adamianis uflebaTa evropuli kon-venciis mixedviT. k. korkelia (red.), adamianis uflebaTa evropu-li standartebi da maTi gavlena saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobasa da praqtikaze. statiaTa krebuli. Tbilisi 2006. gv. 242.

121 msjavrdebulis fizikuri dacvis ufleba gulisxmobs tkivilis-agan gaTavisuflebis SesaZleblobas, Tundac samoqalaqo saavadmy-ofoSi gaqcevis maRali riskis miuxedavad. ix.: G. Kaiser/H-J., Kerner/H. Schöch, Strafvollzug. Ein Lehrbuch. Heidelberg 1982. S. 103.

122 G. Kaiser/H-J. Kerner/H. Schöch, Strafvollzug. Ein Lehrbuch. Heidelberg 1982. S. 103.

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bebis SezRudva sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis Ta-namSromlisTvis ar gulisxmobs am uflebis darRvevis SesaZleblobas. sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis Ta-namSromelma unda icodes, rom `adamiani uflebaa~!123 Tu msjavrdebuls ZiriTad uflebebs CamovaSorebT igi `moazrovne cxoveli~124 darCeba mxolod.

1.4 sasjelaRsrulebis samarTlis kriminologiuri aspeqtebi

sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi empiriuli kvlevis Catareba SesaZlebelia ganxorcieldes ori mimarTule-biT: 1)kriminologiuri da 2)sanqciis aRsrulebis kuTxiT anu penologiuri mniSvnelobiT. sasjelaRsrulebis dawe-sebulebaSi Catarebuli kvleva xorcieldeba sociolo-giuri meTodebis gamoyenebiT. sociologiur samecniero kvlevis ganxorcielebisas diurkemi iyenebda Svid `sani-muSo~ nabijs: problemis gansazRvra, literaturis mi-moxilva, hipoTezis Camoyalibeba, kvlevis gegmis SerCeva, monacemTa Segroveba , monacemTa gaanalizeba da daskvne-bis gakeTeba.125

samecniero kvleva unda iqnas Sefasebuli ori niSniT: dasabuTebuloba da sandooba. dasabuTebuloba aris maC-venebeli, romliTac gamokvleva sazRvravs imas, risi gan-sazRvris mcdelobac arsebobs, xolo sandooba aris maC-venebeli, romliTac gamokvleva Rebulobs igive Sedegebs, rodesac imeorebs pirvelad an sxva mecnierebis gamokvle-vebs.126

123 b. zoiZe, samarTlis praqtikuli yofierebis Semecnebis cda: upi-ratesad adamianis uflebaTa WrilSi. Tbilisi 2013. gv. 15.

124 iqve.

125 q. kalhuni/d. laiTi/s. keleri, sociologia (Tavebi 2,3,4). Tbili-si 2007. gv. 7.

126 igive, gv. 22.

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1.4.1 kriminologiuri kvlevis mniSvneloba

kriminologia, rogorc adamianis gamocdilebis sis-temur erTianobaze damyarebuli mecniereba SeiZleba sam mniSvnelovan cnebaSi gamoixatos: damnaSave, danaSauli da danaSaulis kontroli.127 sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebule-bis roli damnaSavis pirovnebis kvlevaSi metad mniSvne-lovania. cixe, rogorc damnaSavis cxovrebis gamocdile-bis etapi metad mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens adamianis pirovnebaze. Sesabamisad, metad mniSvnelovania damnaSavis pirovnebis kvlevis es cixis cxovrebis etapis gaanalizeba. mniSvnelovania kvleva im sakiTxze, Tu ramden welSi kar-gavs patimari socialuri urTierTobebis (srulyofilad) ganxorcielebis unars, anu sainteresoa Tavisuflebis aR-kveTis ra vadaa saWiro, rom msjavrdebulma dakargos so-cialuri urTierTobebis srulyofilad ganxorcielebis unari.128

danaSaulis kontrolis kuTxiT aucilebelia aseve cixis subkulturis kvleva. xSirad, cixis subkultura moqmedebs cixis gareTac. subkulturis avtoritetuli kriminaluri wevrebi rogorc cixeSi, aseve cixis gareT qmnian kriminalur jgufebs. es jgufebi erTmaneTTan koo-perireben da erT saerTo mizans emsaxurebian. aseTi jgu-febis gancalkevebiT cixis gareT, an cixis SigniT Seswavla naklebad aris Sedegis momtani. aucilebelia jgufis kom-pleqsuri Seswavla, rac warmoudgenelia cixeSi krimino-logiuri kvlevis gareSe.

imisaTvis, rom sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi kri-minologiuri kvleva ganxorcieldes, aucilebelia swo-rad daigegmos igi da zedmiwevniT zustad SeirCes kvle-vis meTodi, anu msjavrdebulebisgan informaciis miRebis meqanizmi. magaliTad, cixis kriminaluri subkulturis 127 m. SalikaSvili, kriminologia. meore gamocema. Tbilisi 2011. gv. 3; G. Kaiser/H-J. Kerner/H. Schöch, Strafvollzug. Ein Lehrbuch. Heidelberg 1982. S. 27.


59

kvlevis dros, rodesac gvsurs, gavigoT subkulturis ie-rarqia, qcevis kodeqsi, sadamsjelo sistema da a.S. gamoki-Txvis Catareba gaumarTlebelia. vinaidan subkulturis Cveulebrivi wevrebi avtoritetuli wevrebis mier imar-Tebian da kiTxvaris pasuxebi ar iqneba maTi (Cveulebrivi wevrebis) nebis gamovlineba.

sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi SesaZlebelia ga-moyenebul iqnas Semdegi kvlevis meTodebi: gamokiTxva, dakvirveba, eqsperimenti, Sinaarsis analizi da statisti-kuri monacemebis analizi. ganvixiloT TiToeuli maTgani.

gamokiTxvasociologiaSi, iseve rogorc kriminologiaSi, yvelaze

xSirad mimarTaven kvlevis formas - gamokiTxvas. gamoki-Txva SeiZleba iyos, rogorc damoukidebeli kvlevis me-Todi, aseve sxva kvlevis meTodis Semadgeneli nawili, mag., dakvirvebis an eqsperimentis dros sacdeli piris gamoki-Txva.

kiTxva SeiZleba iyos Ria an daxuruli. `Ria~ kiTxve-bis dros savaraudo pasuxebi ar aris miTiTebuli, xolo `daxuruli~ kiTxvebis dros miTiTebulia ori an meti sava-raudo pasuxi.129

`Ria~ kiTxvebi gamoiyeneba: a) Tu informacia qcevis im wesebis Sesaxeb, romlis gamokvlevasac mkvlevari cdil-obs – mwirea, b) Tu mosakvlevia gamokiTxulTa damokide-bulebis dadgena, g) Tu diferenciuli qcevis wesebia gamo-sakvlevi, raTa moxdes am wesebis erTmaneTTan damokide-bulebis dadgena da hipoTezebis Camoyalibeba.

martivad rom vTqvaT, iq sadac gamosakvlevi movlenis Sesaxeb informacia naklebia, mizanSewonilia `Ria~, xolo Tu informacia gamosakvlevi movlenisadmi didia umjobe-sia `daxuruli~ kiTxvebis dasma.

gamokiTxva SeiZleba iyos zepiri da werilobiTi, wi-naswar momzadebuli kiTxvaris meSveobiT. kiTxvari ise


60

unda iyos Sedgenili, rom respodentis mier gamokvlevis-Tvis (mkvlevarisTvis) sasurveli pasuxebi iqnas gacemuli.

zepiri gamokiTxvis yvela forma, romelTac arastan-dartuli kiTxvari da kiTxvaTa rigiTobis naklebi stru-qtura gaaCniaT, aris interviu. sociologiur litera-turaSi interviu moxseniebulia agreTve rogorc: `Ria gamokiTxva~, `saubari~, `kvalitatiuri interviu~ an `Rrma interviu~.

sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi xSiria swored zepiri gamokiTxvis Catareba - interviu. intervius dros xdeba kiTxvis dazusteba, rac xSirad aucilebelia msja-vrdebulisTvis, raTa man sworad gaigos sakvlevi Temis da dasmuli kiTxvis Sesaxeb.

interviu, rogorc kvlevis meTodi warmoebs zedapiru-li monaxazis TanxlebiT, anu mkvlevars momzadebuli aqvs sami-xuTi kiTxva, magram maT gaRrmavebas axdens intervius periodSi. intervius mizania mkvlevarma dasmuli kiTxve-bis meSveobiT miiRos misTvis saWiro (Rrma) informacia. am mxriv mkvlevars gaaCnia Tavisufali moqmedebis ufro didi speqtri, vidre sxva sociologiuri meTodebis gamo-yenebis dros. mas SeuZlia kiTxvaTa Tavisufali formu-lireba, dalageba da damatebiTi (ganmartebiTi) kiTxvebis dasma.130

intervius CatarebisTvis saWiroa mkvlevari winaswar flobdes informacias gamosakiTxi pirovnebis Sesaxeb, mis ganvlil da arsebul cxovrebis pirobebs.131 intervius Ca-tareba da misi Sefaseba did drosTan aris dakavSirebuli, amitom unda moxdes mxolod adamianTa patara jgufis da kvlevisTvis specialuri problemis gamoyofa da maTze in-tervius mTel periodSi maqsimaluri koncentracia.

interviu SeiZleba mkvlevaris mier notirebul iqnas intervius procesSi. intervius audio an video Cawera Se-


131 e. gidensi, sociologia. Tbilisi 2011. gv. 630.

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saZlebelia mxolod respodentis TanxmobiT. iq, sadac in-tervius audio an video Cawera SesaZlebelia mkvlevarma unda mimarTos saubris amgvarad srul dafiqsirebas, ra-dgan: 1. mas SeeZleba sruli koncentracia gaakeTos res-podentTan saubarze, 2. moxdeba saubris yvela detalis sruli dafiqsireba, rac SeiZleba mkvlevars intervius xeliT notirebis dros gamorCes an ar miaqcios saTanado yuradReba da 3. msjavrdebulebi xSirad saubroben cixis `slengiT~, rac SesaZlebelia ucnobi iyos mkvlevarisTvis. erTi aseTi slengis ucodinrobamac ki, SesaZlebelia mk-vlevari Rirebuli informaciis gareSe datovos. inter-vius Cawera ki mkvlevars SesaZleblobas miscems zustad gaigos monaTxrobis Sinaarsi.

werilobiTi gamokiTxvis dros respodents eZleva an egzavneba kiTxvari, romelsac igi avsebs da ukan ubrunebs mkvlevars. am proceduris dros gasaTvaliswinebelia: 1. respodentis misamarTi iyos aqtualuri; 2. kiTxvari unda iyos mokle, dasmuli kiTxvebi gasagebi da advilad misax-vedri, 3. kiTxvaris Sevseba damokidebulia respodentis survilze, rac Temis interesidan gamomdinareobs, 4. kiTx-varis Sevseba damokidebulia, rogorc kiTxvebis Sinaar-sze, aseve respodentis gonebriv SesaZleblobaze, gaigos dasmuli kiTxva da gasces saTanado pasuxi.

zepiri gamokiTxvisgan gansxvavebiT, werilobiTi ga-mokiTxva mkvlevaris ufro nakleb energias moiTxovs da nakleb xarjebTan aris dakavSirebuli. intervius gare-Se gamokiTxvis Catarebas gaaCnia dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi, dadebiTi: ar moxdeba respodentze kiTxvaris Se-vsebisas zegavlenis moxdena, da uaryofiTi: SeuZlebelia respodentisTvis misTvis gaugebari kiTxvis ganmarteba.

werilobiT gamokiTxvas gaaCnia Tavisi uaryofiTi da dadebiTi mxareebi:

dadebiTi: naklebi xarjebi; naklebi drois saWiroeba; geografiulad qveynis yvela regionSi Catarebis SesaZle-

62

bloba; gaugebari kiTxvebis ganmarteba; respodentze ara-viTari zegavlenis moxdena; respodents gaaCnia sakmarisi dro kiTxvaris Sesavsebad.

uaryofiTi: kiTxvaris Sevsebis situaciis gakontro-lebis SeuZlebloba; Sevsebuli kiTxvaris ukan miRebis saSiSroeba.

mkvlevari werilobiT gamokiTxvas atarebs im SemTxve-vaSi, Tu sxva meTodis Catareba SeuZlebelia, xolo inter-viu drois da Tanxis arqonis gamo gamoricxulia.

garda amisa, kiTxvari unda iyos Tematurad dalagebu-li, Casatarebel gamokvlevaze orientirebuli da mokle. respodents ar unda daekargos survili misi Sevsebis, imis gamo, rom es did dros moiTxovs. wesrigma, romlis mixed-viTac sociologi svams kiTxvas, SesaZloa gavlena iqonios pasuxebze.132

gamokiTxva yovelTvis aris mizanmimarTuli, sistema-tiuri, mkvlevaris mier kontrolirebuli da sagnobrivi.

kiTxvebi SeiZleba orientirebuli iyos gamokiTxulis azris, qcevis, Sefasebis dafiqsirebaze an ubralod ama Tu im faqtis konstataciaze.

imisaTvis, rom gamokiTxulebi iyvnen gulaxdilni gamo-kiTxvis dros daculi unda iyos Semdegi kriteriumebi:133

a) mkvlevari valdebulia daicvas gamokiTxulTa anoni-muroba;

b) respodentebi pasuxoben simarTles;g) mkvlevars unda hqondes imis grZnoba, rom Seafasos

ambobs Tu ara respodenti simarTles;d) respodentebs gaaCniaT ganaTlebis maRali done (aR-

niSnuli SesaZlebelia problema gaxdes cixis piro-bebSi);

e) respodents Cadenili aqvs mcire danaSauli an saer-Tod ara aqvs danaSauli Cadenili;


133 K-D. Opp, Abweichendes Verhalten und Gesellschaftssrtuktur. Neuwid 1974. S. 60.

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v) respodentis mier mowodebuli informacia jgufis mier Cadenil danaSaulebriv qmedebaze, unda Seesa-bamebodes jgufis sxva wevrebis monaTxrobs;

z) respodentis mier mowodebuli informacia unda Seesabamebodes policiis mier dafiqsirebul da sisxlissamarTlis saqmeSi arsebul sagamoZiebo ma-salebs (Tu amis SesaZlebloba arsebobs);

T) kiTxvarSi mocemuli danaSaulis saxeebidan respo-dents ar Caudenia arc erTi, an mxolod mcire nawi-li.

mocemuli kriteriumebidan, rac ufro metis Sesrule-ba SeeZleba respodents, miT ufro didia albaToba, rom zustad iqnas dadgenili piris viqtimizacia.

gamokiTxvis meTods gaaCnia sami saxis problema: 1. respodentis aRqma; 2. respodentis maxsovroba. 3. gadmo-cemis survili. SesaZlebelia respodent patimars aRqmu-li hqondes da axsovdes kidec kiTxvaSi dasmuli sakiTxi, magram mkvlevarisadmi, an mis mier gacemuli informaci-isadmi gamoyenebis ndobis arqonis gamo, man SeiZleba ar isaubros amis Taobaze.

eqsperimentieqsperimenti mecniers aZlevs SesaZleblobas daadgi-

nos gamomwvevi mizezisa da Sedegis urTierToba. eqspe-rimentSi mecniers SeuZlia gamoscados hipoTeza – `rom erTi cvladi sidide gavlenas axdens meore cvlad sidi-deze, Tu es mizezobrivad iqna gamowveuli - sagnebis Semo-taniT specialurad Seqmnil situaciaSi, romelic mkvle-varebs saSualebas aZlevs akontrolos cvlad sidideze raime gavlenis momxdeni arsebiTi faqtorebi~.134 eqsperi-menti SeiZleba iyos savele da labratoriuli. situaciaTa umravlesoba romelic ainteresebs socialur mecniere-bebs laboratoriebSi ver iqmneba, radgan masSi monawile

134 q. kalhuni/d. laiTi/s. keleri, sociologia (Tavebi 2,3,4). Tbili-si 2007. gv. 34

64

pirebma ician, rom akvirdebian, amitom isini arabunebri-vad iqcevian.135

dakvirvebadakvirveba, rogorc kriminologiuri kvlevis meTodi

gulisxmobs mecnieris (mkvlevaris) uSualo monawileobas kvlevis sferoSi. dakvirvebiTi kvlevis sfero SeiZleba gamomdinareobdes yoveldRiuri cxovrebidan. igi Cveu-lebrivi cxovrebis dakvirvebisgan gansxvavdeba imiT, rom is aris: a) sistematiuri, b) mizandasaxuli da g) meTodu-rad mkvlevaris mier kontrolirebadi.

dakvirveba aris mizanmimarTuli, winaswarganzraxuli da specialurad organizebuli aRqma, romelic damkvir-veblis amocaniT aris ganpirobebuli. es meTodi aris rea-lobis aRqmis forma, romelic Sesaswavli obieqtis kanon-zomierebidan gamomdinareobs.

sxva sityvebiT, dakvirveba ubralod yurebas niSnavs, damkvirvebeli erTveba situaciaSi, sadac misTvis sainte-reso qceva xorcieldeba, akvirdeba da afiqsirebs qcevis Taviseburebebsa da gamovlenis sixSires.136

dakvirveba metad Zlieri informaciis miRebis saSua-lebaa sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi kriminaluri subkulturuli dajgufebis kvlevisas, rodesac jgufis wevrebma ar ician dakvirvebis Sesaxeb da mkvlevari jgu-fis wevrebTan sistematiuri urTierTobiT iRebs maTze misTvis saWiro informacias.137 informaciis miReba Tavis mxriv damokidebulia Tavad mkvlevaris unarze, moipovos kvlevaSi CarTuli adamianebis ndoba.138

iseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac mkvlevari ar eubneba da-sakvirvebel pirebs sakuTari miznebis Sesaxeb, dRis wes-



137 Sead.: q. kalhuni/d. laiTi/s. keleri, sociologia (Tavebi 2,3,4). Tbilisi 2007. gv. 40.


65

rigSi SeiZleba dadges kvlevis eTikuri sakiTxi, kerZod, kvlevis subieqtis piradi uflebis Sesaxeb.139

Sinaarsis analiziSinaarsis an dokumentis analizi sociologiaSi xa-

siaTdeba, rogorc wyaro socialuri qcevis aRwerisTvis da gamorkvevisTvis.

sociologiur mecnierebaSi Sinaarsis analizi, ro-gorc kvlevis meTodi iyofa or nawilad: dokumentebis analizi da Sinaarsis analizi.

dokumentis analizi kriminologiaSi erT-erT yvelaze mniSvnelovan meTodad iTvleba, kriminologiuri infor-maciis miRebis TvalsazrisiT.

dokumentis analizSi pirvel rigSi igulisxmeba maTSi miTiTebuli, dafiqsirebuli informaciis mecnierulad gamoyeneba.

dokumentebSi igulisxmeba, adamianebis mier Sedgenili dokumentebi, romelTa analiziT da ganmartebiT SesaZle-beli xdeba adamianis qcevis, damokidebulebis da sxva so-cialuri mdgomareobis mecnieruli kuTxiT gaanalizeba. am mxriv mniSvnelovania oficialuri kriminaluri sta-tistikis analizi sxvadasxva variantebis mixedviT: asaki, sqesi, socialuri da ojaxuri mdgomareoba, damnaSavis eT-nikuri warmomavloba da sxv.

amgvari dokumentebia: piradi dokumentebi (werilebi, dRiurebi); Canawerebi; yvela saxis aqtebi; fotosuraTe-bi da sxv. am dokumentebs Soris friad mniSvnelovania pa-timris piradi saqme.

patimris sisxlis samarTlis saqme aris dokumenti, romelic yoveli patimris mimarT dgeba da romelSic pa-timris Sesaxeb mniSvnelovani informacia inaxeba: ganaCe-ni, disciplinaruli RonisZiebebi da sxva patimris piradi dokumentebi. maTi analizis safuZvelze SesaZlebelia pa-


66

timris mdgomareobis, qcevis da damokidebulebis Sesaxeb kvlevisTvis garkveuli, friad mniSvnelovani informaci-is miReba.140

Sinaarsis analizSi igulisxmeba iseTi dokumentebis analizi, romelTac komunikaciis mniSvneloba gaaCnia. mag., sagazeTo statiebi; radio-tele gadacemebi; werile-bi, protokolebi.

sasjelaRsrulebis kuTxiT Sinaarsis analizis empi-riuli meTodis mniSvneloba gulisxmobs damnaSavis pi-rovnebis Seswavlas, swored ganaCenebis an samarTaldamca-vi organoebis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis analizze.

kriminaluri statistikakriminaluri statistikis qveS moiazreba danaSaulis

kontrolis saxelmwifo organoebis mier sistematurad Sedgenili (Segrovili) monacemebi danaSaulis da/an dam-naSavis Sesaxeb.141

kriminalur statistikas gaaCnia oTxi mniSvneloba: 1) oficialuri kriminaluri statistika aris saxelmwifo organoebis saqmianobis angariSi; 2) oficialuri krimi-naluri statistika iZleva informacias qveyanaSi arsebu-li kriminogenuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb; 3) oficialuri kriminaluri statistikiT xdeba mosaxleobis informi-reba danaSaulis dinamikis, mdgomareobis da struqturis Sesaxeb; 4) oficialuri kriminaluri statistika xels uw-yobs danaSaulis kontrols da Sesabamisi RonisZiebebis dagegmvas.142

oficialuri kriminaluri statistika Sedgeba xuTi saxelmwifo organos mier SemuSavebuli maTematikuri ci-frebisgan: policiis, prokuraturis, sasamarTlos, sasje-laRsrulebis da probaciis statistika. sasjelaRsrule-

140 J-M. Jehle, Ein Problemabriss unter Datenschutzaspekten. In: J-M. Jehle (Hrsg.), Datenzugang und Datenschutz in der kriminologischen Forschung. Wiesbaden 1987. S. 24.


142 igive, gv. 23.

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bis statistika moicavs monacemebs patimarTa raodenobis Sesaxeb, pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb, aminis-tiis da Sewyalebis Sedeged cixidan gaTavisuflebuli msjavrdebulebis Sesaxeb. probaciis statistika moicavs probacionerebis raodenobas. statistikuri cxrilebi ikiTxeba rigebSi da svetebSi. TiToeuli ujra Seicavs in-formaciis nawils, romelic gamosaxulia sityviT, ricx-viT, procentulobiT an sxva statistikuri ganzomile-biT.143

saqarTvelos kanonis `patimrobis kodeqsis~ 1181 mu-xlis 2014 wlis 16 aprilis Tanaxmad, sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis `saministro xels uwyobs sistemis organoSi iseTi kriminologiuri kvlevebis ganxorcielebas, romel-Ta mizania msjavrdebulTa resocializaciis, danaSaulis prevenciisa da sareabilitacio programebis mecnieruli Seswavla”.

1.4.2 msjavrdebulis resocializaciis mniSvneloba

msjavrdebulis resocializacias didi mniSvnelo-ba aqvs sazogadoebrivi wesrigis dacvis TvalsazrisiT. resocializirebuli msjavrdebuli safrTxes aRar Seu-qmnis sazogadoebas da aRar daarRvevs qcevis aRiarebul normebs. sazogadoebas didi interesi aqvs imis, rom msja-vrdebuli iqnas resocializirebuli.144

msjavrdebulis resocializaciisadmi sazogadoebis interesi aris dakveTa saxelmwifo organoebisadmi, ro-melTac pirdapiri kavSiri aqvT marTlmsajulebis ganxor-cielebasTan.

saxelmwifosTvis resocializirebuli msjavrdebuli mniSvnelovania Semdegi faqtorebis gamo:

• aRar Caidens danaSauls da sazogadoebaSi ar daamk-


144 R-P. Calliess/H. Müller-Dietz, Strafvollzugsgesetz-Kommentar. München 2000. S. 15.

68

vidrebs daucvelobis grZnobas, rac mZimed aisaxeba qveynis ekonomikur ganviTarebaze;

• araresocializirebuli msjavrdebuli aris saxel-mwifosTvis adamianuri resursis dakargva;

• araresocializirebuli msjavrdebuli ganmeore-biT Caidens danaSauls, rac saxelmwifos aiZulebs ufro meti ekonomikuri xarji gaswios cixis piro-bebSi mis Sesanaxad;

• araresocializairebul msjavrdebulTa raodeno-ba Tu gaizrdeba da xSiri gaxdeba maT mier ganmeo-rebiT danaSaulis Cadena, saxelmwifo iZulebuli iqneba liberaluridan gadavides mkacr kriminalur politikaze, risTvisac saxelmwifos ufro meti ekonomikuri da adamianuri resursis mobilizeba mouxdeba.

msjavrdebulis resocializaciasTan dakavSirebiT dawvrilebiT ixileT 3.2 qveTavi.

69

meore Tavi

sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebisa da msjavrdebulTa statistikuri analizi

2.1 sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaTa raodenoba

saqarTvelos patimrobis kodeqsis me-8 muxlis meore nawilis Tanaxmad sasjelaRsrulebis departamentis da-qvemdebarebaSi arsebul dawesebulebas qmnis da auqmebs sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis ministri. ministris #184 brZaneba (27.12.2010) adgens patimrobisa da Tavisu-flebis aRkveTis moqmed dawesebulebaTa nusxas. aRniSnu-li brZanebis Tanaxmad, 2014 wlis 1 seqtembris mdgomareo-biT sasjelaRsrulebis departamentis daqvemdebarebaSi moqmedebda 15 dawesebuleba, maT Soris #11 arasrulwlo-vanTa sareabilitacio dawesebuleba (Tbilisi), #5 qalTa specialuri dawesebuleba (gardabnis municipaliteti, sofeli mTisZiri), #18 msjavrdebulTa da braldebul-Ta samkurnalo dawesebuleba (Tbilisi) da #19 tuberku-liozis samkurnalo da sareabilitacio centri (mcxeTis municipaliteti, daba qsani).

sasjelaRsrulebis sistemaSi moqmed dawesebulebaTa-gan 3 funqcionirebs dasavleT saqarTveloSi (quTaisis #2 patimrobisa da daxuruli tipis Tavisuflebis aRkve-Tis dawesebuleba, #3 patimrobisa da daxuruli tipis Ta-visuflebis aRkveTis dawesebuleba (daba xelvaCauri, ure-xis dasaxleba) da geguTis #14 naxevrad Ria da daxuruli tipis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebuleba), xolo danar-Ceni 12 – aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi (kerZod, TbilisSi, rusTavSi, gardabnisa da mcxeTis municipalitetSi ganTa-vsebuli dawesebulebebi).

moqmedi 15 dawesebulebidan 6 Tavisuflebis aRkveTis da 9 Sereuli tipis dawesebulebaa.

70

2.2 sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaTa limitisasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis ministris #184

brZa nebiT (27.12.2010) gansazRvrulia TiToeuli patimro-bisa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis limiti. 2014 wlis 1 seqtembris mdgomareobiT aRniSnuli limiti Seadgenda 23 342, rac calkeul patimrobisa da Tavisu-flebis aRkveTis dawesebulebebze gadanawilebuli Sem-degnair monacemebs afiqsirebs:

dawesebuleba limiti

#2 dawesebuleba (quTaisi) 1840

#3 dawesebuleba (daba xelvaCauri) 557

#5 dawesebuleba (qalTa) (gardabnis mu-nicipaliteti)

1349

#6 dawesebuleba (gardabnis munici-paliteti)

1601

#7 dawesebuleba (Tbilisi) 108



#11 dawesebuleba (arasrulwlovanTa) (Tbilisi)

160


#14 dawesebuleba (geguTi) 2690

#15 dawesebuleba (daba qsani) 3861

#16 dawesebuleba (rusTavi) 2704

#17 dawesebuleba (rusTavi) 2050


#19 dawesebuleba (daba qsani) 698

71

2.3 braldebulTa/msjavrdebulTa statistika

2014 wlis 1 ivlisis mdgomareobiT braldebulTa da msjavrdebulTa saerTo raodenobam 10185 Seadgina, aqedan 1535 braldebuli da 8650 msjavrdebuli (maT Soris 9847 mamakaci, 252 qali da 86 arasrulwlovani mamakaci).145 da-naSaulis kategoriis mixedviT,146 TavisuflebaaRkveTili msjavrdebulebi Semdegnairad gadanawildnen: naklebad mZime danaSaulisTvis147 msjavrdebulebi – 922, mZime da-naSaulisTvis msjavrdebulebi148 – 3029 da gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulisTvis msjavrdebulebi149 – 4697.150

winamdebare statistikuri monacemebis safuZvelze Se-saZloa davaskvnaT, rom msjavrdebulTa 9% sasjels ixdis naklebad mZime danaSaulis, 30% – mZime danaSaulis, xolo 61% – gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulis CadenisTvis. aRniS-nuli metyvelebs, rom msjavrdebulTa 91% ixdis xuT wel-

145 saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis departamentis werili 07.07.2014

146 saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-12 muxlis pirveli nawili adgens danaSaulis sam kategorias: 1. naklebad mZime; 2. mZime; da 3. gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSauls.

147 saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-12(2) muxlis Ta-naxmad, naklebad mZimea iseTi ganzraxi an gaufrTxileblobiTi danaSauli, romlis CadenisTvis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaT-valiswinebuli maqsimaluri sasjeli ar aRemateba xuTi wliT Tavi-suflebis aRkveTas.

148 saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-12(3) muxlis Tanax-mad, mZimea iseTi ganzraxi danaSauli, romlis CadenisTvis am kode-qsiT gaTvaliswinebuli maqsimaluri sasjeli ar aRemateba aTi wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTas, agreTve gaufrTxileblobiTi danaSauli, romlis CadenisTvis am kodeqsiT sasjelis saxiT gaTvaliswinebu-lia Tavisuflebis aRkveTa xuT welze meti vadiT.

149 saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-12(3) muxlis Ta-naxmad, gansakuTrebiT mZimea iseTi ganzraxi danaSauli, romlis CadenisTvis am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebulia sasjelis saxiT Ta-visuflebis aRkveTa aT welze meti vadiT an uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa.

150 saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis departamentis werili 07.07.2014

72

ze meti vadiT Tavisuflebis aRkveTas, rac evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis (2003)23 rekomendaciis pirveli mu-xlis ganmartebiT grZelvadiani patimrobis tolfasia.151

151 `...grZelvadiani patimari aris piri, romelic ixdis sasjels an ramdenime sasjels, romelic mTlianad Seadgens xuT an met wels.~

73

mesame Tavi

sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis mizani

sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis ZiriTad mizans war-moadgens sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis dacva da msjavr-debulis resocializacia.

3.1 sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis dacva

sasjelaRsrulebis samarTali uzrunvelyofs socia-lur urTierTobaTa stabilurobas.152 es urTierTobebi SeiZleba iyos rogorc cixis SigniT ise cixis gaerT, anu sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis dacva SesaZlebelia gage-bul iqnas farTo da viwro gagebiT. viwro gagebiT sazoga-doebrivi usafrTxoebis dacva gulisxmobs cixis persona-lis da sxva msjavrdebulebis dacvas, xolo farTo gage-biT - zogadad, sazogadoebis dacvas.

amerikelma fsiqologma abraham masloum Camoayaliba moTxovnilebaTa xuTi ZiriTadi sfero:153 1) fiziologiu-ri (Wama, Zili); 2) usafrTxoebis da daculobis (stabilu-roba, wesrigi); 3) mikuTvnebis da siyvarulis (ojaxi, me-gobrebi); 4) sakuTari Tavis pativiscemis (sakuTari Tavis pativiscema, aRiareba); 5) TviTrealizaciis (sakuTari Se-saZleblobebis maqsimaluri ganviTareba). rogorc vxeda-vT, abraham masloumis azriT, adamianisTvis usafrTxoebi-sa da daculobis moTxovnileba biologiuri moTxovnile-bebis Semdeg upirvelesia. usafrTxoebisa da daculobis moTxovnileba gulisxmobs stabilurobas da wesrigs.

evropuli cixis wesebis, 2006 wlis rekomendaciis #2 danarTis 52-e punqtis Tanaxmad, patimris cixeSi miRebi-dan umokles vadaSi unda moxdes patimris Sefaseba usafr-


153 g. lacabiZe, ganviTarebis Teoriebi. meore gamocema. Tbilisi 2010. gv. 86; m. xasia, penitenciur sistemaSi dasaqmebul socialur muSakTa saxelmZRvanelo. Tbilisi 2008. gv. 157.

74

Txoebis kuTxiT, anu ramdenad SeiZleba igi warmoadgendes safrTxes dawesebulebis personalisTvis, sxva patimre-bisTvis, vizitorebisTvis da ramdenad SeiZleba man miiye-nos TviTdazianebebi.154

3.2 msjavrdebulis resocializacia

msjavrdebulis resocializaciis mniSvnelobis gan-xil vamde aucilebelia socializaciis procesis garkveva.

sociologiaSi gamoyenebuli socializaciis cneba farTod aris gavrcelebuli pedagogikaSi, fsiqologiaSi, kriminologiaSi da gulisxmobs process, romlis drosac `umweo bavSvi TandaTan gadaiqceva TviTcnobier, mcod-ne da im kulturis SemTvisebel pirovnebad, romelSic igi daibada~.155 bavSvisTvis socializacia damokidebulia imaze, Tu romel socialur jgufsa da kategorias ganeku-Tvneba igi, da rogoria am jgufebis qcevis wesi.156 ojaxi warmoadgens bavSvis socializaciis pirvelad wyaros, sa-zogadoebaSi integraciis aucilebel instituts.157 ojaxi Tavis mxriv aris sazogadoebis nawili. `ojaxis faseule-bebi, damokidebulebebi da cxovrebis wesi ireklavs so-cialuri klasis, religiis, eTnikur jgufisa da qveynis im kuTxis Cvevebs, romlis nawilic TviTon aris.~158

warmatebuli socializaciisTvis aucilebeli faqto-ria konformizmisken swrafva. socializaciis armqone ada-miani urCxulia, radgan SesaZlebloba ara aqvs sxva adamia-

154 m. xasia, penitenciur sistemaSi dasaqmebul socialur muSakTa saxelmZRvanelo. Tbilisi 2008. gv. 123.

155 e. gidensi, sociologia. Tbilisi 2011. gv. 50; H. Cornel/G. Kavamu-ra-Reindl/B. Maelicke/B.R. Sonnen (Hrsg.), Resozialisierung. 3. Auflage. Baden-Baden 2009. S. 38.

156 q. kalhuni/d. laiTi/s. keleri, sociologia (Tavebi 5-13). Tbili-si 2007. gv. 16.



75

nis qceva subieqturad Seafasos da reagireba moaxdinos.159

msjavrdebulis resocializacia mWidro kavSirSia mis mier ganvlil socializaciis procesTan. xSirad reso-cializacias pirvelad an Semcvlel socializaciasac eZaxian.160 aRniSnuliT yuradReba maxvildeba adamianis socializaciis pirobebis problemebze, arasakmaris so-cializaciaze,161 romelmac SesaZloa ganapiroba misi dam-naSaved Camoyalibeba.162

adamianis socializaciis procesi rasakvirvelia ar mTavrdeba bavSvobis dasrulebasTan erTad. es procesi grZeldeba mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi.163

kriminologiis da sisxlis samarTlis literaturaSi mravali resocializaciasTan dakavSirebuli cneba arseb-obs. gTavazobT ramdenime maTgans:164

• resocializacia aris msjavrdebulis socialur cxovrebaSi dabruneba an dabruneba adamianTa gaer-TianebaSi;

• resocializacia aris socializaciis procesis nawili, ra drosac winsarTi `re~ aris imis gamomxa-tveli, rom socializaciis procesis nawili ganxor-cielda sazogadoebisgan gancalkevebiT (cixeSi), ris gamoc misi (am adamianis) sazogadoebaSi xelmeo-red (ganaxlebulad) dabruneba aucilebelia;

• resocializacia aris swavlis procesi, romlis

159 H. Cornel/G. Kavamura-Reindl/B. Maelicke/B.R. Sonnen (Hrsg.), Resozialisierung. 3. Auflage. Baden-Baden 2009. S. 28. arasocializirebuli bavSvebis Sesaxeb ixileT magaliTebi: e. giden-si, sociologia. Tbilisi 2011. gv. 51.

160 iqve.

161 G. Kaiser, Kriminologie. 3. Auflage. Heidelberg 1996. S. 199.

162 H. Cornel/G. Kavamura-Reindl/B. Maelicke/B.R. Sonnen (Hrsg.), Resozialisierung. 3. Auflage. Baden-Baden 2009. S. 28.163 q. kalhuni/d. laiTi/s. keleri, sociologia (Tavebi 5-13). Tbili-si 2007. gv. 37.

164 H. Cornel/G. Kavamura-Reindl/B. Maelicke/B.R. Sonnen (Hrsg.), Resozialisierung. 3. Auflage. Baden-Baden 2009. S. 29, 30.

76

drosac msjavrdebuli swavlobs danaSaulis gareSe cxovrebas, qcevas;

• resocializacia aris TavisuflebaaRkveTili pire-bisTvis socializaciis specialuri forma, romlis mizania samarTlebrivi TviTSegnebis Camoyalibeba, saxelmwifo da sazogadoebrivi normebisadmi pati-viscema;

• resocializacia aris individisa da sazogadoebis urTierToba - sazogadoebaSi xelaxali integraci-is procesi. integraciis procesis dros mniSvnelo-vania Tavidan iqnas acilebuli msjavrdebulis eti-ketireba da gantevebis vacad qceva;165

• resocializacia, rogorc socialuri saxelmwifos principiT moculi msjavrdebulis ufleba, aris saxelmwifos kriminaluri politikis iaraRi daic-vas sazogadoebrivi wesrigi.166

amerikul literaturaSi msjavrdebulis cixis piro-bebSi resocializaciis procesi desocializaciiT iwye-ba.167 ervin gofmanis Tanaxmad,168 cixe aris totaluri ins-titucia,169 sadac msjavrdebulis resocializaciis pro-cesi iwyeba misi desocializaciiT. desocializaciis pro-cesis dros msjavrdebuli kargavs im Zvel, sazogadoebis-Tvis miuRebel, faseulobebs da Rirebulebebs, romelmac mis mier danaSaulis Cadena gamoiwvia.170 desocializaciis

165 etiketirebis da gantevebis vacis Teoria ix.: m. SalikaSvili, kriminologia. meore gamocema. Tbilisi 2011. gv. 38, 47.



168 E. Goffman, Asyle. Über die soziale Situation psychiatrischer Patienten und ande-rer Insassen. Frankfurt am Main 1972. S. 17.

169 cixis garda totalur instituciad moiazreba fsiqiatriuli savadmyofo, bavSvTa saxli, sajariso nawili. q. kalhuni/d. laiTi/s. keleri, sociologia (Tavebi 5-13). Tbilisi 2007. gv. 50; m. baliaSvi-li, socialuri fsiqologiis safuZvlebi. Tbilisi 2010. gv. 44.

170 m. baliaSvili, socialuri fsiqologiis safuZvlebi. Tbilisi

77

procesis Semadgenel nawilad moiazreba: sakuTari tanisa-mosis CamorTmeva da msjavrdebulis uniformis gadacema; Tavis gaparsva, warsulis daviwyebis mizniT. pirovnulo-bis dakargva gamoixateba jgufTan erTad banaobaSi, Wama-sa da ZilSi, mimarTvaSi ara saxelebiT da gvarebiT aramed, nomrebiT.171 desocializaciis procesi anadgurebs msja-vrdebulis sakuTar `me~-s (Self-is) grZnobas da unergavs zemdgomisadmi morCilebas. ̀ totaluri institutebi xels uwyoben [msjavrdebulis] fsiqologiur regress: isini nergaven bavSobisdroindel daucvelobis SegrZnebas da damokidebulebas~.172cixis pirobebSi ukve desocializi-rebul msjavrdebulis resocializacias axorcielebs cixis administracia.

msjavrdebulis resocializaciis mizniT, misi deso-cializacia SesaZlebelia iwvevdes konstituciiT garan-tirebuli uflebebis darRvevas. msjavrdebulis resocia-lizaciis cnebis qveS aseve, sxva iseTi cnebebi moiazreba rogorebicaa: gamosworeba, aRzrda, socializacia, mkur-naloba, reabilitacia. ganvixiloT TiToeuli es cneba msjavrdebulis resocializaciasTan mimarTebiT.

gamosworebagamosworeba, rogorc msjavrdebulis resocializa-

ciis qveS moqceuli cneba bolo 40 wlis ganmavlobaSi kri-minologiaSi aRar gamoiyeneba. germanul literaturaSi gamosworeba gulisxmobda damnaSavis, rogorc sulierad avadmyofi adamianis, nebis sawinaaRmdegod, mis gamoswo-rebas.173

2010. gv. 44.

171 q. kalhuni/d. laiTi/s. keleri, sociologia (Tavebi 5-13). Tbili-si 2007. gv. 50; m. baliaSvili, socialuri fsiqologiis safuZvlebi. Tbilisi 2010. gv. 44.


173 H. Cornel/G. Kavamura-Reindl/B. Maelicke/B.R. Sonnen (Hrsg.), Resozialisierung. 3. Auflage. Baden-Baden 2009. S. 35.

78

aRzrdaxSirad aRzrda da resocializacia sinonimebadac ki

gamoiyeneba. resocializacia swored xelaxal aRzrdas gulisxmobs. germanul arasrulwlovanTa sisxlis samarT-lis laitmotivad aRiarebulia aRzrda,174 romelic msja-vrdebuli arasrulwlovanis mimarT konkretuli indi-vidualuri RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebiT miiRweva, anu germaniis sisxlis samarTali msjavrdebulis aRzrdaze saubrobs, Tu igi arasrulwlovania, xolo Tu igi zrdas-rulia - resocializaciaze.

arasrulwlovanTa aRzrdis idea gamomdinareobs kri-minologiuri Teoriidan da kvlevebidan. arasrulwlovan-Ta danaSauli aris normaluri, epizoduri da yvela droSi gavrcelebuli, amave dros Tavisuflebis aRkveTas mZime pirovnuli Sedegebi moaqvs gardatexis asakSi myofi aras-rulwlovnisTvis.175 amitom, arasrulwlovanis (xelaxali) aRzrda jer kidev SesaZlebeli da aucilebelia misTvis kriminaluri karieris Tavidan asacileblad.

mozardSi, gardatexis periodiT gamowveuli proble-mebis gamo, SesaZlebelia ferxdebodes socializaciis procesi, amitom arasrulwlovani damnaSavis mimarT sas-jeli unda iyos aRmzrdelobiTi xasiaTis matarebeli.176

socializaciasocializacia da resocializacia SesaZlebelia sino-

nimebadac ki CaiTvalos, miT ufro, rom msjavrdebulis

174 q. mWedliSvili-hedrixi, sanqciebi arasrulwlovanTa sisxlis samarTalSi germanuli kanonmdeblobis mixedviT. m. lekveiSvili/m. SalikaSvili (red.), arasrulwlovanTa sasjelisa da aRmzrdelobi-Ti xasiaTis iZulebiTi RonisZiebis Sefardebis problemebi. statia-Ta krebuli. Tbilisi 2011. gv. 246.

175 H. Diemer/A. Schoreit/B-R. Sonnen, JugendgerichtsgaseTz-Kommentar. 3. Auf-lage. Heidelberg 1999. S. 457.

176 m. SalikaSvili/ g. miqanaZe, arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsaju-lebis Taviseburebani: arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis krimi-nologiuri, sisxlissamarTlebrivi penitenciuri da saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi safuZvlebi. Tbilisi 2011. gv. 68, 69.

79

resocializacia realurad swored mis xelaxal sociali-

zacias gulisxmobs.177

mkurnalobasaqarTvelos kanonis `patimrobis kodeqsis~ Tanaxmad,

cnebaSi mkurnaloba igulisxmeba janmrTelobis mkurna-

loba. mkurnalobas resocializaciasTan imdenad aqvs kav-

Siri, ramdenadac mkurnalobis cnebaSi, aseve igulisxmeba

fsiqikuri aSlilobis mqone msjavrdebulis mkurnaloba,

fsiqiatriuli daxmarebis gaweva (`fsiqiatriuli daxmare-

bis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-10 muxli).

reabilitaciasaqarTvelos kanonis `patimrobis kodeqsis~ mixedviT,

reabilitaciaSi igulisxmeba is RonisZiebebi, romelic au-

cilebelia msjavrdebulis reabilitaciisTvis.

reabilitaciis cneba gulisxmobs SezRuduli SesaZle-

blobebis an pirobebis mqone adamianis (patimrebis) sazo-

gadoebaSi integracias.178 amitom reabilitaciis da reso-

cializaciis cnebebi metad axlos dgas erTmaneTTan. am

ori cnebis gansxvaveba aris maTi mizani, reabilitacia

gulisxmobs konkretuli programis meSveobiT konkretu-

li Sedegis miRwevas (narkotikuli nivTierebis miRebaze

uaris Tqma, profesiuli reabilitacia),179 roca resocia-

lizacia ufro zogadi SeiZleba iyos (sazogadoebaSi xela-

xali integracia).

sainteresoa, is ZiriTadi aspeqtebi, romelsac unda

177 vinaidan mocemul TavSi socializaciis Sesaxeb iyo saubari, aq misi gavrcobisagan Tavs vikavebT.

178 H. Cornel/G. Kavamura-Reindl/B. Maelicke/B.R. Sonnen (Hrsg.), Resozialisierung. 3. Auflage. Baden-Baden 2009. S. 46.


80

akmayofilebdes msjavrdebulis resocializaciis proce-

si:180

• msjavrdebulis konsultacia, misTvis rCevis mice-ma piradi problemebis mogvarebis, sazogadoebaSi integraciis xelisSemwyobi Tu xelisSemSleli pi-robebis Sesaxeb (xelisSemwyobi pirobebis gaZlie-reba, xelisSemSleli pirobebis aRmofxvra);

• msjavrdebulis motivacia gaiumjobesos sakuTari cxovrebis mdgomareoba (msjavrdebulma unda ga-moiyenos saxelmwifosgan an samoqalaqo seqtoris-gan misTvis SeTavazebuli sazogadoebaSi integra-ciis nebismieri Sansi);

• materialuri daxmarebis gaweva. aq igulisxmeba pirveladi moxmarebis saWiro sagnebidan dawyebu-li (yofili) msjavrdebulis sacxovrebeli biniT uzrunvelyofa;

• profesiul an zogadsaganmanaTleblo swavlebaSi msjavrdebulis xelSewyoba;

• krizisuli situaciebis marTvis swavla, an Tanxle-ba;

• socialuri kontaqtebis aRdgenaSi an axali kontaq-tebis damyarebaSi daxmareba;

• sakuTari saqcielisadmi msjavrdebulis mier pasu-xismgeblobis aRebaSi181 daxmareba (misi gamxneveba; mowodeba, rom es konkretuli qmedeba kargi, sazo-gadoebisTvis misaRebi saqcielia);

• sazogadoebaSi sainformacio-saganmanaTleblo prog-ra mebis ganxorcieleba yofili patimrebis, Tu msja-vrdebulebis mimarT tolerantuli ganwyobis dasamk-

180 H. Cornel/G. Kavamura-Reindl/B. Maelicke/B.R. Sonnen (Hrsg.), Resozialisierung. 3. Auflage. Baden-Baden 2009. S. 50; G. Kaiser/H-J. Kerner/H. Schöch, Strafvollzug. Ein Lehrbuch. Heidelberg 1982. S. 396.

181 msjavrdebulis mier sakuTari danaSaulebrivi saqcielisaTvis pasuxismgeblobis aReba ufro advilia, Tu damnasavesa da dazara-lebuls Soris ganxorcieldeba mediacia.

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vidreblad. imis gacnobiereba, rom yofili msjavrde-bulis sazogadoebaSi reintegraciam SesaZlebelia maT mier ganmeorebiTi danaSauli aRar gamoiwvios da sazogadoeba ar daazaralos.

daskvnis saxiT, SesaZlebelia resocializaciis cneba ase iqnas Camoyalibebuli: resocializacia aris socialu-ri saxelmwifos principiT (saqarTvelos konstituciis me-16 muxliT da 36 muxlis meore nawiliT) moculi msja-vrdebulis ufleba xelaxla dabrundes sazogadoebaSi, msjavrdebulis Sansi ganmeorebiT miiRos monawileoba socializaciis procesSi da saxelmwifos pozitiuri val-debuleba Seqmnas sakmarisi programebi da iniciativebi damnaSavis gamosasworeblad, raTa daculi iqnas sazoga-doebrivi wesrigi.

patimrebTan mopyrobis minimaluri standartuli wese-bis mixedviT, saxelmwifos mxridan msjavrdebulis reso-cializaciisTvis `yvela saTanado saSualeba unda iqnas gamoyenebuli, maT Soris, religia, ganaTleba, profesiuli orientacia da treningebi, socialuri dacva, dasaqmebas-Tan dakavSirebuli konsultaciebi, fizikuri ganviTare-ba, moraluri damokidebulebis ganmtkiceba da yovelive zemoaRniSnuli, unda Seesabamebodes patimris pirovnul xasiaTs. gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnas patimris socialu-ri da kriminaluri warsuli, fizikuri da sulieri mdgo-mareoba da SesaZleblobebi, misi temperamenti, sasjelis zoma da gaTavisuflebis perspeqtivebi~ (wesi #66 (1).

patimrebTan mopyrobis saerTaSoriso standartebTan erTad aucilebelia patimrebis kategoriebis gansazRvra, raTa dadgindes, vin SeiZleba iqnas resocializirebuli.

CrdiloeT amerikuli cixis magaliTze, Sragis182 mier Camoyalibebul iqna msjavrdebulTa oTx tipi:183 proso-

182 C. Schrag, Some Foundation for a Theory of Correction. In: D. Cressey, (Ed.): The Prison. New York 1964.

183 K. Laubenthal, Strafvollzug. Sechste Auflage. Heidelberg 2011. S. 128; S. Harbor-dt, Die Subkultur des Gefängnisses. Eine soziologische Studie zur Resozialisierung. Stuttgart 1967. S. 76.

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cialuri, antisocialuri, fsevdosocialuri da asocia-luri.

prosocialuri msjavrdebulebi orientirebulebi arian legalur normebze. maT ufro meti urTierToba aqvT sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis administraciasTan, vi-dre sxva msjavrdebulebTan. maTi umravlesoba pirvelad aris cixeSi, an arasrulwlovnobis da mozardobis dros ar gamoirCeodnen kriminaluri saqmianobiT. xSirad eseni arian situaciis gamomyenebeli damnaSaveebi (Gelegenheitstä-ter) an moZaladeebi, romlebic Zlieri socialuri an fsiqo-logiuri zewolis qveS imyofebodnen. prosocialuri ti-pis msjavrdebulebs naklebi kriminaluri saqmianobis pra-qtika gaaCniaT. isini Tavis Tavs ar miiCneven damnaSaveebad (kriminalebad). maT mWidro kavSiri aqvT sakuTari ojaxis wevrebTan da megobrebTan.

antisocialuri msjavrdebulebis tipi aRiarebs kri-minalur normebs, aqvs sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis administraciasTan minimaluri kontaqti, magram xSiri da kargi kontaqti aqvs asocialuri msjavrdebulebis garda yvela sxva tipis msjavrdebulebTan. ganmeorebiTi dana-Saulis Cadenis procentuli maCvenebeli maTSi Zalian ma-Ralia. isini axalgazrdobaSive iwyeben danaSaulis Cadenas da danaSaulidan Semosuli qonebiT irCenen Tavs. maT mier Cadenili danaSaulebia: yaCaRoba, qurdoba binaSi SeRwe-viT, janmrTelobis dazianeba. isini ekonomiurad cudi SesaZleblobis mqone ojaxebidan arian da Raribul socia-lur garemoSi cxovroben.

fsevdosocialuri msjavrdebulebis tipi xSirad ic-vlis normebisadmi orientacias. maTi ndoba ar SeiZleba. kargi urTierToba aqvT rogorc sasjelaRsrulebis dawe-sebulebis administraciasTan, aseve msjavrdebulebTan. isini mozardobaSi danaSauls ar Cadian. isini danaSaulis Cadenas mas Semdeg iwyeben, rac respeqtabelur sazogadoe-briv pozicias miaRweven. isini TeTrsayeloian damnaSaveTa

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kategorias ganekuTvnebian. ZiriTadad, TaRliTobaa maTi danaSaulebrivi saqmianoba. am tipis msjavrdebulebisa-Tvis damaxasiaTebelia araTanmimdevruli aRzrda, saSua-lo fenidan warmomavloba da ukeTesi saskolo da samuSao mdgomareoba, vidre antisocialuri tipisTvis. SesaZlebe-lia, rom fsevdosocialuri tipis msjavrdebulebi ubra-lod kargi `msaxiobebi~ iyvnen.

asocialuri msjavrdebulebi, rogorc fsevdoso-cialuri msjavrdebulebi loialurebi arian, rogorc moraluri, aseve sakanonmdeblo normebis mimarT. maT ara aqvT xSiri kontaqti arc dawesebulebis administracias-Tan, arc msjavrdebulebTan. maT ndoba ar aqvT da SiSiT ekidebian nebismieri xasiaTis personalur urTierTobebs. yvela danarCeni tipis mqone msjavrdebulebze maT dana-Saulis Cadenis yvelaze didi staJi aqvT. maTSi Zalian ma-Ralia ganmeorebiTi danaSaulis Cadenis maCvenebeli. isi-ni danaSauls xSirad yovelgvari motivis gareSe Cadian. asocialuri msjavrdebulebi mSoblebisgan mitovebulebi arian. maT socialuri urTierTobebis unari ara aqvT gan-viTarebuli. isini zedmetad egocentristulebi arian da ar SeuZliaT warsulis Secdomebidan swavla da sakuTari momavlis dagegmva.

warmatebuli resocializacia SesaZlebelia prosocia-luri msjavrdebulebisTvis. isini mzad arian monawileoba miiRon SemoTavazebul sareabilitacio-aRmzrdelobiT programebSi. sakiTxavia, rogor daicaven resocializa-ciis Sedegebs grZelvadiani sasjelis moxdis SemTxvevaSi prosocialuri tipis msjavrdebulebi kriminaluri su-bkulturis zewolis dros.

saqarTvelos saxalxo damcveli 2012 wlis saparlamen-to angariSSi aRniSnavs, rom `msjavrdebulma sasjelis moxdis periodSi unda miiRos an gaaRrmavos Sesabamisi ga-naTleba da profesiuli unar-Cvevebi, mieces saSualeba, monawileoba miiRos sportul Tu sxva saxis RonisZiebebSi,

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konkursebSi, hqondes Sesabamisi pirobebi, raTa Tvalyu-ri adevnos gareT mimdinare procesebs, kontaqti iqonios axloblebTan da ojaxis wevrebTan. es yvelaferi auci-lebelia msjavrdebulis sazogadoebaSi dabrunebisTvis mosamzadeblad. sasjelaRsrulebis sistemaSi aRniSnuli komponenti dResdReobiT umniSvneloa - saangariSo pe-riodSi mxolod ramdenime dawesebulebaSi funqcionireb-da saswavlo Tu sareabilitacio programebi~.184

184 saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis 2012 wlis angariSi. gv. 85.

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meoTxe Tavi

sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis personali

4.1 sasjelaRsrulebis personali erovnuli kanonmdeblobis mixedviT

sasjelaRsrulebis sistemis saqmianobis ganmsazRvrel faqtors warmoadgens sistemis organoebi, romelTa war-matebul saqmianobasa da efeqtur funqcionirebazea da-mokidebuli – sasjelaRsrulebis sistemaSi patimarTa/msjavrdebulTa ganTavsebis adekvaturi pirobebis Seqmna, sasjelis moxdis pirobebis uzrunvelyofa, patimrebTan mopyrobis relevanturi garemos Seqmna da sxv.

sasjelaRsrulebis sistemas xelmZRvanelobs sasje-laRsrulebisa da probaciis saministro, romlis saqveu-wyebo struqturas Sesabamisad warmoadgens sasjelaR-srulebis departamenti Tavisi qvemdebare patimrobis/Tavisuflebis aRkveTis organoebiT, mocemuli struq-tura Sesabamisad axorcielebs patimrobis/Tavisufle-bis aRkveTis aRsrulebas, xolo rac Seexeba arasapatimro sasjelTa aRsrulebas axorcielebs probaciis erovnuli saagnto, romelic saministros daqvemdebarebaSi Sedis rogorc sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri. igi Tavis sa-qmianobas axorcielebs probaciis biuroebis meSveobiT. saministros daqvemdebarebaSi Semaval sajaro samarTlis iuridiul pirs warmoadgens aseve sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis saswavlo centri, romelic axorcielebs sami-nistros daqvemdebarebaSi Semavali yvela struqturis TanamSromelTa pirvelad Tu, profesiul gadamzadebas, saxelmZRvanelo masalebis gamocemas da mis uflebamosi-lebaSi Semaval sxva funqciebs.

patimrobis kodeqsi gansazRvravs patimrobisa da Tavi-suflebis aRkveTis aRsrulebis sistemas da sistemis or-ganoebs, kerZod “patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis

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aRsrulebis sistemis organoebi arian sasjelaRsrulebis departamenti (SemdgomSi – departamenti) da mis daqvemde-barebaSi arsebuli patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis aRkve-Tis dawesebulebebi. sistemis organoebi funqcionireben saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis saminis-tros (Semdgom – saministro) sistemaSi.”

kanonmdebloba aseve ganmartavs sasjelaRsrulebis sistemaSi dasaqmebul pirTa statuss, rom sistemis mosam-saxureebi arian saxelmwifo specialuri an samxedro wo-debis mqone pirebi, agreTve sxva sajaro mosamsaxureebi (Semdgom – saministros mosamsaxure). kanonmdebloba ad-gens mocemuli sistemis TanamSromelTaTvis arastandar-tul samuSao reJims da maT mier Sesabamisi uniformis ta-rebis valdebulebas `sistemis organos mosamsaxurisTvis dadgenilia aranormirebuli samuSao dRe. sistemis or-ganos mosamsaxure, rogorc wesi, atarebs samsaxurebriv formas. sistemis organos mosamsaxuris samsaxurebrivi formis atributikas amtkicebs ministri.185~ sasjelaRs-rulebis sistemis personali sistemis umniSvnelovanesi nawilia da personalis profesionalizmze, maT saqmiano-baze mniSvnelovnad aris damokidebuli sistemis funqcio-nirebis efeqturoba.

2014 wlis 16 aprilis №2241 kanoniT - patimrobis kode-qsSi Setanili cvlilebiT kanonmdeblobaSi Setanil iqna Canaweri, romelic aregulirebs sistemis mosamsaxureTa samsaxurSi miRebis, gaTavisuflebis wessa da pirobebs, aseve im sxva detalebs, romelic dakavSirebulia mosam-saxuris mxridan Tavisi saqmianobis Sesrulebis specifi-kasTan. personalis samsaxurebrivi saqmianobis detalebs ganixilavs aseve saqarTvelos mTavrobis dadgenileba №137 2014 wlis 10 Tebervali `patimrobisa da Tavisufle-bis aRkveTis aRsrulebis sistemis organoebSi saxelmwifo samsaxuris gavlis wesis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~.

185 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 6. patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis aRsrulebis sistemis organoebi, p-3-4

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qarTuli praqtikis mixedviT, sasjelaRsrulebis sis-temis xelmZRvanel rgols warmoadgens sasjelaRsrule-bis departamenti, romelic gvevlineba, rogorc sasje-laRsrulebis dawesebulebebis xelmZRvaneli – makoor-dinirebeli struqtura, departaments xelmZRvanelobs Tavmjdomare, `romelsac Tanamdebobaze niSnavs da Tanam-debobidan aTavisuflebs ministri. departamenti angariS-valdebulia ministris winaSe. departamentis Tavmjdoma-re weliwadSi aranakleb orjer warudgens ministrs anga-riSs gaweuli saqmianobis Taobaze. ministris moTxovnis safuZvelze departamentis Tavmjdomare valdebulia warudginos mas riggareSe angariSi mis mier gaweuli mu-Saobis Taobaze186.~ rac Seexeba sasjelaRsrulebis dawese-bulebas, mas xelmZRvanelobs dawesebulebis direqtori, romlis daniSvnisa da gaTavisuflebis wess gansazRvravs kanonmdebloba “patimrobis/Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawe-sebulebis direqtors Tanamdebobaze niSnavs da Tanamde-bobidan aTavisuflebs departamentis Tavmjdomare minis-trTan SeTanxmebiT.187”

sasjelaRsulebis departamenti patimrobis/Tavisu-flebis aRkveTis aRsrulebas axorcielebs mis daqvemde-barebaSi arsebuli dawesebulebebis saSualebiT, aseTi tipis dawesebulebebs moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, warmoadgenen “ patimrobis dawesebuleba; Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebuleba; braldebulTa/msjavrdebulTa samkurnalo dawesebuleba.188” dawesebulebebs qmnis da auqmebs ministri, amasTan ministrs gaaCnia diskreciuli uflebamosileba, garda zemoT CamoTvlili tipis dawese-bulebebisa, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi Seqmnas Sereuli tipis dawesebuleba.

186 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 7. departamenti

187 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 6 patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis aR-kveTis sistemis organoebi

188 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 8. departamentis daqvemdebarebaSi arsebuli dawesebulebebi

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miuxedavad dawesebulebis gansxvavebuli tipebisa, sis-temis personalis SerCevisa da daniSvnis wesi, aseve yvela is standati, rac mosamsaxureTa saqmianobas aregulirebs erTgvarovania da gansxvavebuli specifiurobiT ar xa-siaTdeba. kerZod, ki kanoniT gansazRvruli formulireba Tanabrad vrceldeba yvela maTganze, rom “sistemis orga-noSi dasaqmebuli arian saxelmwifo specialuri an samxe-dro wodebis mqone pirebi, agreTve sxva sajaro mosamsaxu-reebi”, romelTa atestacia tardeba `sajaro samsaxuris Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, Tu am ko-deqsiT sxva ram ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli.

kanonbmdebloba adgens TanamSromelTa samsaxurSi miRebis wess, sistemis organoSi staJirebis gavlis wess, Tumca, amavdroulad adgens im SezRudvebs, romelic ga-napirobebs sistemaSi miRebaze uaris safuZvels, aseve ad-gens samsaxuridan gaTavisuflebis, saqmianobis procesSi maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT pasuxismgeblobisa da waxali-sebis formebsa da procedurebs. aRniSnul komponentebs kanonmdeblobis SesabamisobaSi adgens aseve, mTavrobis dadgenileba patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis aR-srulebis sistemis organoebSi saxelmwifo samsaxuris gavlis wesis Sesaxeb. sistemis mosamsaxureTa saqmianobas-Tan mimarTebaSi garkveul standartebs adgens aseve, sa-qarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa ministris №183 brZanebiT (2010 wlis 27 dekemberi) damtkicebuli `saqarTvelos sasjelaRsru-lebisa da probaciis saministros patimrobisa da Tavisu-flebis aRkveTis aRsrulebis sistemis organoebis mosam-saxureTa eTikis kodeqsi~, romelic ZiriTadad gansazR-vravs sistemis TanamSromelTa qcevis wesebs.

kanonmdebloba adgens yvela Tanmdev proceduras, sis-temaSi muSaobis yvela etaps – piris samsaxurSi miRebidan gaTavisuflebamde, socialuri garantiebis CaTvliT. pir-vel nabijs warmoadgens sistemis organoSi samuSaod miRe-

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ba, romlis wess gansazRvravs, rogorc patimrobis kodeq-si, aseve debuleba patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis aRsrulebis sistemis organoebSi saxelmwifo samsaxuris gavlis wesis Sesaxeb. kanonmdebloba adgens samssaxurSi miRebis asaks, ganaTlebis minimalur zRvars, moTxovnas mis fizikur da janmrTelobis mdgomareobasTan dakavSi-rebiT da miRebis wess, romelic prioritets aniWebs sam-saxurSi konkursis wesiT miRebas, “sistemis organoSi samu-Saod miiReba saqarTvelos qmedunariani moqalaqe 18 wlis asakidan, romelsac aqvs saSualo ganaTleba mainc, flobs saqarTvelos saxelmwifo enas da Tavisi pirovnuli Tvise-bebiT, ganaTlebiT, fizikuri momzadebiTa da janmrTelo-bis mdgomareobiT SeuZlia Seasrulos misTvis dakisrebu-li movaleobebi. piri sistemis organoSi samuSaod miiReba, rogorc wesi, konkursis Sedegad.189”, garda aRniSnulisa, samsaxurSi miRebis standartebs ufro konkretulad gad-moscems patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis aRsru-lebis sistemis organoebSi saxelmwifo samsaxuris gavlis wesi, romelic ganmartavs samsaxurSi miRebis, rogorc qve-da, ise zeda zRvars mosamsaxuris statusis mixedviT, aseve ufro detalurad saubrobs konkursis specifikaze, `sis-temis organoSi samuSaod miiReba 18 -dan 40 wlamde saqar-Tvelos qmedunariani moqalaqe, romelmac icis saxelmwi-fo ena da Tavisi pirovnuli Tvisebebis, ganaTlebis, fizi-kuri momzadebisa da janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gaTva-liswinebiT, SeZlebs Seasrulos masze dakisrebuli mova-leoba. 18- dan 21 wlamde pirebi miiRebian mxolod umcrosi specialuri wodebis mqone Tanamdebobebze. saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa sistemis organoSi miReba xdeba specialuri konkursis wesiT. vakantur Tanamdebobaze specialuri konkursis gareSe SeiZleba dainiSnos piri, romelic ukve miRebulia sistemis organoSi, ayvanilia kadrebis gankar-gulebaSi, msaxurobs saministroSi an/da gaaCnia Sesabami-si specialuri an samxedro wodeba. sistemis organoebSi specialuri konkursis gareSe iniSnebian departamentis

189 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 124. sistemis organos mosamsaxure;

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Tavmjdomaris moadgileebi da patimrobis/Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis direqtorebi. umcrosi da saSua-lo specialuri wodebis mqone Tanamdebobebze miiRebian saSualo an umaRlesi ganaTlebis mqone pirebi. ufrosi da umaRlesi specialuri wodebis mqone Tanamdebobebze mii-Rebian umaRlesi ganaTlebis mqone pirebi190”.

mniSvnelovania personalis kvalifikacia da momza-debis xarisxi, raTa maT SeZlon dakisrebuli movaleobis sworad da kvalificiurad Sesruleba, rasac esatyviseba moqmedi kanonmdebloba, sadac vxvdebiT daTqmas savalde-bulo profesiul momzadebasTan dakavSirebiT, romelic unda gaiaros mosamsaxurem samsaxurSi miRebisas. saswavlo procesis aradamakmayofileblad gavlas kanoni cnobs, rogorc Tanamdebobidan daTxovnis erT-erT safuZvels.” piri sistemis organoSi samuSaod miRebisas, agreTve sis-temis organos mosamsaxure samsaxurSi miRebis Semdeg, dadgenil vadaSi gadis savaldebulo profesiuli momza-debis (saswavlo) kursebs, maT Soris, adamianis uflebaTa dacvis sferoSi, saministros mmarTvelobis sferoSi mo-qmed sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis saswavlo centrSi (Semdgom – saswavlo centri). saswavlo centri uzrunvel-yofs sistemis organos mosamsaxureTa mudmiv profesiul momzadebas, gadamzadebasa da kvalifikaciis amaRlebas. savaldebulo profesiuli momzadebis (saswavlo) kurse-bis aradamakmayofileblad gavla aris piris sistemis or-ganoSi samuSaod miRebaze uaris Tqmis, agreTve sistemis organos mosamsaxuris samsaxuridan gaTavisuflebis sa-fuZveli.191”

sasjelaRsrulebis sistemaSi kargi da warmatebuli

190 saqarTvelos mTavrobis dadgenileba №137 - “patimrobisa da Ta-visuflebis aRkveTis aRsrulebis sistemis organoebSi saxelmwifo samsaxuris gavlis wesis damtkicebis Sesaxeb” - muxli 6. samsaxurSi miRebis wesi

191 patimrobis kodeqsi,muxli 125. sistemis organoSi samuSaod miRe-bis wesi

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kadrebis mozidvas emsaxureba 2014 wlis sakanonmdeblo cvlileba, romelmac daadgina sasjelaRsrulebis sis-temaSi staJirebis xelmisawvdomoba, romlis Tanaxmadac, kanoni gansazRvravs, rom “dasaSvebia sistemis organoSi staJirebis gavla.192”

miuxedavad sasjelaRsrulebis sistemaSi kadrebis saWiroebisa, miuxedavad imisa, rom kanonmdebloba sxva-dasxva saSualebebiT xels uwyobs kadrebis mozidvas, pa-ralelur reJimSi igi sistemis organoSi samuSaod miRe-bisTvis adgens garkveul SezRudvebs, romelic arc Tu mcire CamonaTvals warmoadgens, kerZod sistemis orga-noSi samuSaod ar miRebis safuZvelia CamoTvlilTagan erT-erTis arseboba: “ganzraxi danaSaulisTvis nasamarT-levi piri, Tu nasamarTloba moxsnili an gaqarwylebuli ar aqvs; piri, romlis mimarTac sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna mimdinareobs; piri, romelic sasamarTlos gadawy-vetilebiT qmeduunarod an SezRuduli qmedunariano-bis mqoned aris cnobili; piri, romelsac sasamarTlos mier CamorTmeuli aqvs Sesabamisi Tanamdebobis dakavebis ufleba; piri, romlis janmrTelobis mdgomareoba, samedi-cino daskvnis Tanaxmad, ar akmayofilebs Sesabamisi Tanam-debobis dasakaveblad aucilebel moTxovnebs; piri, ro-melic Sesabamisi Tanamdebobis dakavebis Sedegad uSualo samsaxurebrivi zedamxedvelobiT ukavSirdeba mSobels, meuRles, das, Zmas, Svils an meuRlis das, Zmas, mSobels; da ucxo qveynis moqalaqeobis pretendenti, garda kanoniT an saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswi-nebuli gamonaklisisa.193”

192 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 126. sistemis organoSi staJirebis gavla

193 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 127. sistemis organoSi samuSaod miRe-bisaTvis dadgenili SezRudvebi; saqarTvelos mTavrobis dadge-nileba №137 - “patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis aRsrulebis sistemis organoebSi saxelmwifo samsaxuris gavlis wesis damtkice-bis Sesaxeb” - muxli 7. SezRudvebi sistemis organoSi miRebisa da samsaxuris gavlasTan dakavSirebiT; saqarTvelos kanoni sajaro

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gansxvavebiT patimrobis kodeqsisgan “patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis aRsrulebis sistemis organoeb-Si saxelmwifo samsaxuris gavlis wesi” adgens, mosamsaxu-risTvis samsaxuris SeCerebisa da Sewyvetis pirobebs da safuZvlebs, kerZod “sistemis organoSi samsaxuris SeCe-rebis ZiriTadi safuZvlebia: mosamsaxuris motivirebu-li da dasabuTebuli werilobiTi gancxadeba samsaxuris SeCerebis Sesaxeb, romelsac departamentis Tavmjdomare akmayofilebs gonivruli vadiT; Svebuleba; mosamsaxuris kandidatad wamoyeneba saprezidento an warmomadgenlo-biTi organoebis arCevnebSi, Tu kanoniT sxva ram ar aris dadgenili; kanoniT dadgenil SemTxvevebSi da wesiT, mo-samsaxurisTvis sxva samsaxurebrivi davalebis dakisreba; kvalifikaciis amaRleba, profesiuli gadamzadeba; mosam-saxuris droebiTi gaTavisuflebis sxva SemTxvevebi (kano-nis Sesabamisad an mis safuZvelze).194” mocemul SemTxveva-Si, miuxedavad imisa, rom patimrobis kodeqsSi mocemul daTqmebs ver vxvdebiT, yovel mocemul proceduras ase-ve aregulirebs saqarTvelos kanoni “sajaro samsaxuris Sesaxeb”195, romlis moqmedebis sferos warmoadgens sas-jelaRsrulebis sistemis personalis, rogorc sajaro moxeleebis saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli procedurebi.

samsaxuris gavlis wesis Sesaxeb debuleba aregulirebs sasjelaRsrulebis sistemis mosamsaxureebTan dakavSire-bul or mniSvnelovan komponents, mosamsaxuris gadayva-na196 da mosamsaxuris samsaxurebrivi gadayvana sxva admi-nistraciul-teritoriul erTeulSi197, romelic gansazR-

samsaxuris Sesaxeb, muxli 17. piri, romelic ar miiReba sajaro sam-saxurSi.

194 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 30. samsaxuris SeCerebis safuZvlebi

195 saqarTvelos kanoni “sajaro samsaxuris Sesaxeb”, Tavi X samsaxu-ridan ganTavisufleba

196 patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis aRsrulebis sistemis organoebSi saxelmwifo samsaxuris gavlis wesis damtkicebis Sesax-eb, muxli 10. mosamsaxureTa gadayvana

197 patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis aRsrulebis sistemis organoebSi saxelmwifo samsaxuris gavlis wesis damtkicebis Ses-

93

vravs, Tu ra SemTxvevaSi da ra safuZvlebis arsebobisas SeiZleba moxdes sistemis mosamsaxuris gadayvana sxva sam-saxurSi, an sxva administraciul-teritoriul erTeulSi, kerZod, `mosamsaxureTa Tanamdebobrivi gadayvana xor-cieldeba: zemdgom Tanamdebobaze – mosamsaxuris Tanxmo-biT, samsaxurebrivi dawinaurebiT; Tanabar Tanamdebobaze – mosamsaxuris TanxmobiT, vakantur TanamdebobaTa auci-lebeli dakompleqtebis an sxva samsaxurebrivi saWiroebi-dan gamomdinare;” mosamsaxuris gadayvana, aseve SesaZle-belia dabal Tanamdebobaze Semdegi safuZvlebis arsebo-bisas “StatebiT gaTvaliswinebuli Tanamdebobebis Semci-rebisas; janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gauaresebis gamo, samedicino komisiis daskvnis Sesabamisad; samsaxuris in-teresebidan gamomdinare; piradi TxovniT; atestaciis Se-degebis safuZvelze; dakisrebuli disciplinuri pasuxis-mgeblobis zomis safuZvelze.” rogorc wesi brZanebuleba aseve adgens gadayvanis procedurebs da im aucilebel pi-robebs, romelic win unda uZRodes gadayvanas” mosamsaxu-ris gadayvana xorcieldeba misi ganaTlebisa da gamocdi-lebis gaTvaliswinebiT. piris sxva specialobiT daniSvnas, rogorc wesi, win unda uZRodes misi Sesabamisi samsaxure-brivi gadamzadeba. StatebiT gaTvaliswinebul Tanamde-bobaTa Semcirebisas an samsaxuris interesebidan gamom-dinare, dabal Tanamdebobaze gadayvanisas, mosamsaxures SeiZleba SeunarCundes adre dakavebuli Tanamdebobis Se-sabamisi Tanamdebobrivi sargo. dawesebulebis likvidaci-is, StatebiT gaTvaliswinebul TanamdebobaTa Semcirebis, xangrZlivi Sromisuunarobis an janmrTelobis mdgoma-reobis TanamdebobasTan Seusabamobis gamo, gaTavisufle-buli mosamsaxure piradi TanxmobiT iricxeba moxeleTa rezervSi.~ aseve, debuleba adgens mosamsaxuris samsaxu-rebrivi gadayvanas sxva administraciul-teritoriul erTeulSi, romelic xorcieldeba Semdegi procedurebis

axeb, muxli 13. mosamsaxuris samsaxurebrivi gadayvana sxva adminis-traciul-teritoriul erTeulSi

94

dacviT “mosamsaxuris gadayvana sxva administraciul- teritoriul erTeulSi SeiZleba mxolod misive Tanxmo-biT, departamentis Tavmjdomaris brZanebis safuZvelze. sxva administraciul- teritoriul erTeulSi mosamsaxu-ris gadayvanis dros, misTvis saxelmwifo sabinao fondi-dan sacxovrebeli binis (saxlis) gamoyofis SeuZleblobis SemTxvevaSi, mas eZleva Sesabamisi kompensacia droebiTi sacxovrebeli binis (saxlis) qiris gadasaxdelad, amasTan, mas da misi ojaxis wevrebs unazRaurdebaT mgzavrobisa da tvirTis gadazidvis xarjebi.”

sistemis personalis samsaxurebrivi saqmianobis efeq-turad Sesrulebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan xelSemwyob faqtors warmoadgens, rogorc misi waxaliseba samsaxu-rebrivi saqmianobis keTilsindisierad da warmatebiT SesrulebisTvis, aseve mis mimarT adekvaturi discipli-nuri zemoqmedebis RonisZiebebis gamoyeneba, Tu igi raime formiT daarRvevs misTvis kanonmdeblobiT dakisrebul movaleobebs. waxalisebis da disciplinuri zemoqmedebis RonisZiebebs vxvdebiT, rogorc patimrobis kodeqsSi, ase-ve prezidentis brZanebulebaSi samsaxuris gavlis wesis Sesaxeb, romeli dokumentebic ganmartaven, rogorc aR-niSnuli RonisZiebebis saxeebs, aseve gamoyenebis proce-durebs, kerZod mosamsaxuris waxaliseba moicavs Semdeg midgomebs “saministros mosamsaxuris mier samsaxurebri-vi movaleobis sanimuSod SesrulebisTvis, xangrZlivi da keTilsindisieri samsaxurisTvis, gansakuTrebuli sir-Tulis an mniSvnelovani davalebis SesrulebisTvis aseT dros gamoiyeneba waxalisebis Semdegi formebi: madlobis gamocxadeba; fuladi premiis micema; fasiani saCuqriT da-jildoeba; saministros sigeliT dajildoeba; samkerde niSniT dajildoeba; saministros medalioniT dajildoe-ba; saministros medliT dajildoeba; morigi saxelmwifo specialuri wodebis vadamde miniWeba; dakisrebuli dis-ciplinuri saxdelis vadamde moxsna; samoqalaqo an sam-saxurebriv-saStato iaraRiT dajildoeba. saministros

95

mosamsaxuris mimarT erTdroulad SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas waxalisebis ramdenime forma. samsaxurebrivi mova-leobis Sesrulebisas gamoCenili mamacobisa da gambedao-bisTvis saministros mosamsaxure SeiZleba wardgenil iq-nas saxelmwifo jildoze.198” aseve, kanonmdebloba adgens samsaxurebrivi pasuxismgeblobis RonisZiebebs da stan-datebs, romelic gamoiyeneba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu pirma daarRvia kanoniT da dawesebulebis SinaganawesiT dadgenili moTxovnebi `riTac xeli SeuSala dawesebule-bis normalur funqcionirebas an/da daarRvia sxva pirTa kanonieri uflebebi, “saministros mosamsaxure adminis-traciuli samarTaldarRvevis an danaSaulis CadenisTvis pasuxs agebs saerTo wesiT. disciplinuri darRvevisTvis saministros mosamsaxures ekisreba Semdegi disciplinuri saxdelebi: SeniSvnis micema; gafrTxilebis micema; sayve-duris gamocxadeba; samkerde niSnis CamorTmeva; saxel-mwifo specialuri wodebis erTi safexuriT CamoqveiTeba; araumetes 10 samuSao dRis xelfasis dakaveba; Tanamdebo-bidan CamoqveiTeba; samsaxuridan gaTavisufleba. dauS-vebelia, erTi disciplinuri darRvevisTvis saministros mosamsaxurisTvis 2 an meti disciplinuri saxdelis dakis-reba.199”

zemoaRniSnuli waxalisebisa da pasuxismgeblobis Ro-nisZiebebis gamoyenebis safuZvels warmoadgens perso-nalis mxridan maTi ufleba-movaleobebis jerovani Ses-ruleba an Seusrulebloba, amdenad, patimrobis kodeqsi ganmartavs sistemis mosamsaxuris ufleba movaleobebs, romelic garkveulwilad mosamsaxurebs udgens CarCo pirobebs, Tu rogoria misi uflebebis areali da ra val-debulebebi gaaCnia mas im periodSi, roca is sasjelaRs-rulebis sistemas warmoadgens, aRniSnul daTqmebs aseve vxvdebiT brZanebulebaSi samsaxuris gavlis wesis Sesaxeb, 198 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 1210. saministros mosamsaxuris waxal-iseba

199 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 1211. saministros mosamsaxuris pasux-ismgebloba

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xolo zogad ganmartebas, romelic yvela sajaro moxeleze vrceldeba adgens saqarTvelos kanoni “sajaro samsaxu-ris Sesaxeb.200” patimrobis kodeqsis mixedviT sasjelaRs-rulebis saministros mosamsaxures ufleba aqvs “uSualo xelmZRvanels warudginos winadadebebi misi saqmianobis srulyofis Taobaze da miiRos muSaobisTvis aucilebeli konsultaciebi; isargeblos samarTlebrivi da sxva saWi-ro masalebiT; miiRos samsaxurebrivi movaleobis Sesas-ruleblad saWiro organizaciul-teqnikuri saSualebebi da hqondes Sesabamisi samuSao pirobebi; isargeblos saqar-Tvelos kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli sxva uflebe-biTa da garantiebiT.201” aseve patimrobis kodeqsi gansazR-vravs im valdebulebebis nusxas, romlis Sesrulebac mas evaleba sistemaSi muSaobis mTel periodSi, kerZod, mosam-saxure valdebulia “samsaxurebrivi movaleobis Sesrule-bisas daicvas braldebulis/msjavrdebulis da moqalaqis kanonieri uflebebi; pirnaTlad Seasrulos misTvis dakis-rebuli movaleobebi; daicvas profesiuli eTikis wesebi. specialuri miTiTebis gareSe daicvas is samarTlebri-vi aqtebi, romlebic mis samsaxurebriv saqmianobas ukav-Sirdeba; Seasrulos xelmZRvanelis kanonieri brZaneba, gankarguleba da miTiTeba; droulad da jerovnad Seasru-los xelmZRvanelis davalebebi; Seasrulos Sinaganawesis moTxovnebi; gaufrTxildes saxelmwifo sakuTrebas, dai-cvas materialuri faseulobebi; Seasrulos saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvruli sxva movaleobebi.202”

kanonmdebloba adgens aseve garkveul akrZalvebs sis-temis mosamsaxureebisTvis, rogoricaa gaficvaSi mo-nawileoba, romelic ekrZaleba ara sistemis yvela mosam-

200 saqarTvelos kanoni “sajaro samsaxuris Sesaxeb, Tavi III mosamsax-uris uflebebi da garantiebi/Tavi IV samsaxurebrivi movaleobani

201 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 128 saministros mosamsaxuris ufle-bebi da movaleobebi, nawili 1


97

saxures, aramed pirebs, romlebic garkveul funqciebs asruleben, kerZod gaficvaSi monawileoba ekrZaleba saministros mosamsaxures, romelic “sistemis organoSi samedicino saqmianobas axorcielebs; axorcielebs opera-tiul-samZebro saqmianobas saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT da kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi; axorcielebs saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis Sesabamisi muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebul, agreTve patimro-bis, Tavisuflebis aRkveTis da Tavisuflebis SezRudvis dawesebulebebis teritoriebze momxdar danaSaulTa wi-naswar gamoZiebas saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabami-sad; sistemis organos mosamsaxures203.”

sistemis efeqturi muSaobisTvis mniSvnelovan ganm-sazRvrel komponents garda personalis SerCevisa da maTi uflebamosilebis mkacri CarCoebis dadgenisa, aseve war-moadgens maTi socialuri garantiebis uzrunvelyofa, rac patimrobis kodeqsiT daregulida 2014 wlis maisis sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis safuZvelze, kerZod socia-luri dacva Tavis TavSi moiazrebs iseT sakiTxebs, rogo-ricaa: dazRvevis xelmisawvdomoba, Tanamdebobriv sar-goze danamati gakveuli kategoriis personalisTvis, zia-nis anazRaureba da sxva komponentebi, kerZod, “sistemis organos mosamsaxure eqvemdebareba savaldebulo saxel-mwifo dazRvevas. amasTanave, SesaZlebelia sistemis or-ganos mosamsaxuris meuRlisa da arasrulwlovani Svile-bis dazRveva saqarTvelos saxelmwifo biujetis xarjze. sistemis organos mosamsaxuris xelfasi Sedgeba Tanamde-bobrivi sargosa da saxelmwifo specialuri wodebisTvis dadgenili danamatisgan. saxelmwifo specialuri an samxe-dro wodebis mqone sistemis organos mosamsaxures Sei-Zleba mieces xelfasze danamati namsaxurebi wlebisaTvis, sasursaTo ulufis kompensacia, agreTve sxva danamatebi da kompensaciebi. samsaxurebrivi movaleobis Sesrule-


98

bisas saxelmwifo specialuri an samxedro wodebis mqone sistemis organos mosamsaxuris daRupvis SemTxvevaSi mis ojaxs (memkvidres) saqarTvelos saxelmwifo biujetidan eZleva erTjeradi fuladi daxmareba 15 000 laris odeno-biT. sistemis organos mosamsaxuris dakrZalvis xarjebs saxelmwifo aanazRaurebs. samsaxurebrivi movaleobis Sesrulebisas saxelmwifo specialuri an samxedro wode-bis mqone sistemis organos mosamsaxuris sxeulis dazia-nebis SemTxvevaSi mas eZleva erTjeradi fuladi daxmareba Semdegi odenobiT: sxeulis mZime dazianebisas – 7 000 (Svi-di aTasi) lari; sxeulis naklebad mZime dazianebisas – 4 000 (oTxi aTasi) lari; sxeulis msubuqi dazianebisas – 2 000 (ori aTasi) lari. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabami-sad, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo biujetidan gamoyofili saxsrebis farglebSi sistemis organos mosamsaxurisTvis SeiZleba ganisazRvros am kanoniT gauTvaliswinebeli socialuri dacvis damatebiTi RonisZiebebi da SeRavaTe-bi.204”

qarTuli kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, dgindeba gaTavi-suflebis SemTxvevaSi pirisTvis Tanamdebobrivi sargos garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi SenarCunebis SesaZle-bloba, kerZod sistemis organos mosamsaxure SeiZleba ayvanil iqnas kadrebis gankargulebaSi ara umetes oTxi Tvisa. kadrebis gankargulebaSi yofnis periodSi sistemis organos mosamsaxures ori Tvis ganmavlobaSi unarCundeba xelfasi bolo dakavebuli Tanamdebobis Sesabamisad, rac saSualebas aZlevs gaTavisuflebul pirs hqondes gark-veuli dro sxva samsaxuris moZiebisa da dasaqmebisTvis.

garda zemoaRniSnuli sakanonmdeblo da kanonqvemde-bare aqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli regulirebis meqanizme-bisa sasjelaRsrulebis sistemis mosamsaxureTa saqmiano-bis standartebs adgens saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis saministros patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis

204 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 129. sistemis organos mosamsaxuris socialuri dacva

99

aRkveTis aRsrulebis sistemis organoebis mosamsaxure-Ta eTikis kodeqsi205, romelic TavisTavad ar warmoadgens samarTlebrivi regulirebis meqanizms, mas rekomendaciis xasiaTi aqvs da ufro mosamsaxureTa qcevis moralur mxa-res aregulirebs, kerZod dokumenti adgens mosamsaxure-Ta saqmianobis ZiriTad principebs; braldebulTan/msja-vrdebulTan mopyrobis eTikas; korufciasTan brZolas da sxva mniSvnelovan komponentebs, mouxedavad imisa, rom dokumenti ukve SeiZleba moZvelebulad CaiTvalos da mi-zanSewonili iqneboda misi gadamuSaveba an analogiuri daniSnulebis sxva dokumentis SemuSaveba, misi arseboba TavisTavad ukve warmoadgens xelSemwyob komponents sis-temis personalis efeqturi muSaobisTvis.

4.2 sasjelaRsrulebis personali saerTaSoriso standartebis mixedviT

nebismier demokratiul saxelmwifoSi cixeSi muSao-ba sajaro samsaxurs ganekuTvneba. ministrebi da maRal-Cinosnebi unda aCvenebdnen, rom isini afaseben cixis Ta-namSromlebs maT mier gaweuli samuSaosTvis da sazoga-doebas xSirad unda Seaxsenon, rom cixeSi muSaoba mniSvne-lovani sajaro samsaxuria.206

samwuxaro realobas warmoaCens msoflios mraval qve-yanaSi gavrcelebuli praqtika, rom cixis TanamSromlebs ufro dabali rangis pirebad miiCneven, vidre sisxlis sa-marTlis marTlmsajulebis sistemis sxva sferos warmo-

205 saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli dax-marebis sakiTxTa ministris brZaneba №183 (2010 wlis 27 dekemberi) -saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis saministros patim-robisa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis aRsrulebis sistemis organoebis mosamsaxureTa eTikis kodeqsis damtkicebis Sesaxeb

206 e. koili, penitencialuri sistemis marTva adamianis uflebaTa poziciidan – saxelmZRvanelo penitencialuri sistemis TanamSrom-lebisTvis, saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciis gamoce-ma, Tbilisi, 2007. gv. 12

100

madgenlebs, magaliTad policielebs. xSirad es gamoxatu-lia cixis TanamSromlebis Sromis anazRaurebis odenoba-Si, romelic bevr qveyanaSi sakmaod dabalia. Sedegad ki, xSirad Zalian Znelia saTanado kvalificiuri personalis ayvana cixeSi samuSaod. maRalkvalificiuri personalis mozidvisa da SenarCunebisTvis aucilebelia, rom maTi xelfasebi dadgindes saTanado odenobiT, xolo Sromi-Ti urTierTobebis sxva pirobebi, iyos iseTive, rogoric dawesebulia sajaro samsaxuris msgavsi Tanamdebobebis-Tvis.207

bevr qveyanaSi cixis personalis ayvana Zalzed rTulia. Sedegad, am adgilebSi samuSaod midian mxolod is adamia-nebi, romlebic sxva samuSaos ver Souloben. xandaxan isini cixeSi muSaobas iwyeben savaldebulo samxedro alterna-tivis saxiT da samuSaos toveben, rogorc ki amis SesaZle-bloba miecemaT.208

zemoTqmulis aRmofxvrisa da cixis personalTan daka-vSirebiT saerTo midgomis gansazRvris mizniT saerTaSo-riso organizaciebma konkretuli standartebi SeimuSaves da SesTavazes wevr saxelmwifoebs. am mxriv, aRsaniSnavia sasjelis aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebuli gaerosa da evro-pis sabWos dokumentebi, romlebic mniSvnelovan adgils uTmoben personalTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs. ufro me-tic, ramdenime dokumenti uSualod personalis eTikur da organizaciul sakiTxebs ukavSirdeba. kerZod, es doku-mentebia:

gaeros dokumentebi: 1. patimrebTan mopyrobis mini-maluri standartuli wesebi (wesi 46-54); 2. marTlwesrigis damcvel Tanamdebobis pirTa qcevis kodeqsi;209 3. ZiriTadi principebi marTlwesrigis damcvel pirTa mier Zalisa da

207 iqve, gv. 14

208 iqve, gv. 15

209 miRebulia generaluri asambleis 1979 wlis 17 dekembris 34/169 rezoluciiT

101

iaraRis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb;210 4. wesebi TavisuflebaaRk-veTil arasrulwlovanTa dasacavad (wesi 81-87);211 5. wesebi qal patimarTa mopyrobisa da msjavrdebul qalTa arasapa-timro RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb (wesi 29-35).

evropis sabWos dokumentebi: 1. ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia (2006)2 evropis cixis wesebis Sesaxeb (wesi 71-89); 2. ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia (97)12 sazo-gadoebrivi sanqciebisa da RonisZiebebis aRsrulebaze pasuxismgebeli kadrebis Sesaxeb; 3. ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia (2012)5 cixis TanamSromelTa eTikis evro-pis kodeqsis Sesaxeb; 4. ministrTa komitetis rekomenda-cia (2008)11 sanqciebs an zomebs daqvemdebarebuli aras-rulwlovani samarTaldamrRvevebis evropis wesebis Se-saxeb (wesi 127-134); 5. ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia (84)12 ucxoeli patimrebis Sesaxeb (wesi 25-26); 6. ministr-Ta komitetis rekomendacia (2012)12 ucxoeli patimrebis Sesaxeb (wesi 38-40); 7. ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia (2003)23 cixis administraciis mier uvado da sxva grZelva-diani patimrebis marTvis Sesaxeb (wesi 36-39).

cixis administracia unda iRwvodes cixis yvela ka-tegoriis personalis yuradRebiT SerCevisTvis, radgan cixis kargi muSaoba damokidebulia am TanamSromlebis keTilsindisierebaze, humanurobaze, kompetenturobasa da pirad Tvisebebze.212 msgavsi suliskveTebaa gatarebuli evropis cixis wesebSi, romlis mixedviTac rodesac xdeba axali TanamSromlis SerCeva, cixis administraciam yura-dReba unda gaamaxvilos integraciis, adamianurobis da profesionalizmis mxareebze, agreTve, personalur Sesa-

210 miRebulia gaeros merve kongresze danaSaulis aRkveTisa da dam-naSaveTa mopyrobis Sesaxeb, havana, kuba, 1990w.

211 miRebulia generaluri asambleis 1990 wlis 14 dekembris 45/113 rezoluciiT

212 patimrebTan mopyrobis minimaluri standartuli wesebi, wesi 46(1)

102

bamisobaze kompleqsur samuSaosTan, romlis Sesrulebac maT mouwevT.213

kadrebis SerCevis procedurebi unda iyos detaluri, naTeli, samarTliani da aradiskriminaciuli. samsaxurSi ayvana-arayvanaze pasuxismgebeli organo unda Sedgebodes Sesabamisi gamocdilebis mqone pirebisgan da unda muSaob-des miukerZoeblad.214 imis miuxedavad, Tu ra meTodebi ga-moiyeneba pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebis SesarCevad, uzrun-velyofili unda iyos sazomi meqanizmebis miukerZoeblo-ba, validuroba da kanoniereba.215

kadrebis SerCevisas gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos qali da mamakaci kadrebis sasurveli raodenobiT warmomad-genlobis uzrunvelyofa, aseve, eTnikuri umciresobebis warmomadgenloba, raTa SesaZlebeli iyos eWvmitanilis an msjavrdebulis saWiroebebis dakmayofileba.216 maRal Tanamdebobebze kadrebis SerCeva efuZneba praqtikul profesiul gamocdilebas da menejerul potencials. efeqturi momsaxurebis an momsaxurebebis miwodebis in-teresebidan gamomdinare, maRali Tanamdebobis kadrebis SerCevisas gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos karieruli zrdis SesaZleblobebi, aseve, axali midgomebisa da konkretuli unar- Cvevebis ganviTareba. gare SerCevis SemTxvevaSi, gan-sakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, rom SerCeul pirovnebas gaaC-ndes Sesabamisi gamocdileba da unarebi.217

eTikuri normebis dacvis kuTxiT gansakuTrebiT sa-yuradReboa evropis sabWos formatSi miRebuli cixis TanamSromelTa eTikis evropuli kodeqsi, romelmac gan-sazRvra misi moqmedebis sfero (vrceldeba penitencialu-

213 evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia (2006)2, wesi 77

214 evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia (97)12 sazo-gadoebrivi sanqciebisa da RonisZiebebis aRsrulebaze pasuxismge-beli kadrebis Sesaxeb, wesi 8

215 iqve, wesi 9

216 iqve, wesi 10

217 iqve, wesi 11

103

ri sistemis ierarqiis nebismier safexurze momsaxure per-sonalze) da cixis personalis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi: (a) angariSvaldebuleba; (b) keTilsindisiereba; (g) adamia-nuri Rirsebis pativiscema da dacva; (d) movla da daxmare-ba; (e) samarTlianoba, miukerZoebloba da diskriminaciis dauSvebloba; (v) TanamSromloba da (z) konfidencialuro-ba da monacemTa dacva. rekomendaciis erT-erT umniSvne-lovanes aspeqts warmoadgens cixis personalis mier, yve-la doneze, piradad pasuxisgeba sakuTari qmedebis an qve-SevrdomTaTvis gacemuli brZanebebis Sedegebze.218

kadrebis saTanado SerCevisa da ayvanis Semdeg saWiroa maTi saTanado gadamzadeba. axladmiRebuli TanamSromle-bis umravlesobas naklebad an saerTod ar gaaCnia cixis samyaros codna da gamocdileba. Tavdapirvelad saWi-roa personalSi ganmtkicebul iqnas eTikuri konteqsti, romlis farglebSic unda xdebodes cixis administrire-ba.219

TanamSromelTa saTanado gadamzadeba saerTaSoriso standartebis is moTxovnaa, rac iwyeba samuSaoze ayvanis momentidan da uwyvetad grZeldeba samuSaos sabolood

datovebamde. saWiroa arsebobdes yvela asakisa da ran-

gis TanamSromlis uwyveti ganviTarebis regularuli Se-

saZleblobebi.220

sawyisi treningis programebi unda moicavdes Teo-

riul da praqtikul aspeqtebs, romlebic individualur

davalebebsa da funqciebs ukavSirdeba, aseve, samsaxuris

mowyobasa da funqciebis Sesaxeb informacias. programebi

unda moicavdes qcevis, komunikaciisa da sxva adamianuri

218 evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia (2012)5 cixis TanamSromelTa eTikis evropis kodeqsis Sesaxeb, wesi 4(a)

219 e. koili, penitencialuri sistemis marTva adamianis uflebaTa poziciidan – saxelmZRvanelo penitencialuri sistemis TanamSrom-lebisTvis, saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciis gamoce-ma, Tbilisi 2007. gv. 23–24

220 iqve, gv. 24

104

unar-Cvevebis dakvirvebasa da interpretaciis sakiTxebis

Seswavlas.221

momsaxurebis maRali xarisxis uzrunvelsayofad,

uwyveti treningi unda moicavdes sxvadasxva kategori-

is TanamSromlebTan Casatarebel programebs, ganurCe-

vlad maTi wodebisa da funqciebisa, raTa gaumjobesdes

samsaxurSi sxvadasxva kategoriis kadrebs Soris Ta-

namSromloba. Sesabamisad, treningis programebi sxvadasx-

va specialobis mqone wevrebisgan Semdgari jgufebis er-

Tad muSaobis swavlebas unda isaxavdes miznad.222

unda ganxorcieldes treningebis sistematuri Sefase-

ba treningebis efeqturobis gazomvis mizniT, raTa gair-

kves, erTi mxriv, ra Seiswavles monawileebma da meores

mxriv, ramdenad iyeneben miRebul codnas samsaxurSi.223

gaerosa da evropis sabWos standartebi damatebiT gan-

sazRvravs im moTxovnebs, rac dawesebulia personalis-

Tvis, romelic muSaobs cixeSi, sadac patimarTa specia-

luri kategoriebis warmomadgenlebi arian ganTavsebuli.

kerZod:

arasrulwlovan patimrebTan momuSave personalipersonali unda iyos kvalificiuri da unda moicavdes

iseT specialistTa sakmaris raodenobas, rogorebicaa maswavleblebi, profesiuli instruqtorebi, iuristebi, socialuri muSakebi, fsiqiatrebi da fsiqologebi; am da sxva tipis specialistebi mudmivi StatiT unda iqnan daqi-ravebulni.224 personals iseTi treningi unda Cautardes, romelic miscems maT SesaZleblobas efeqturad ganaxor-

221 evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia (97)12 sazo-gadoebrivi sanqciebisa da RonisZiebebis aRsrulebaze pasuxismge-beli kadrebis Sesaxeb, wesi 17

222 iqve, wesi 25

223 iqve, wesi 27

224 wesebi TavisuflebaaRkveTil arasrulwlovanTa dasacavad, wesi 81

105

cielos dakisrebuli pasuxismgeblobebi, kerZod, tre-ningebi bavSvis fsiqologiaSi, bavSvis keTildReobasa da adamianis uflebaTa da bavSvis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso standartebsa da normebSi.225

unda arsebobdes arasrulwlovnebTan momuSave per-sonalis samsaxurSi ayvanisa da SerCevis specialuri procedurebi, romlebic mxedvelobaSi miiRebs aras-rulwlovnebTan da maT ojaxebTan urTierTobisTvis au-cilebeli xasiaTis Taviseburebebsa da profesiul kvali-fikacias.226

arasrulwlovnebTan muSaobaSi Sesaferisi moxalisee-bis CarTva misasalmebeli unda iyos.227

arasrulwlovan patimarTa dawesebulebis xelmZRva-nelobas unda daevalos iseT pirebs, romelTac gaaCniaT kargad ganviTarebuli lideruli Tvisebebi, SeuZliaT efeqtiani reagireba moaxdinon rTul da urTierTsawi-naaRmdego moTxovnebze, romelic maT waeyenebaT rogorc arasrulwlovanTa, ise personalis mxridan.228

qal patimrebTan momuSave personalirigi qveynebis gamocdilebam aCvena, rom qalebs iseve

kargad SeuZliaT cixis TanamSromlis movaleobis Sesru-leba, rogorc mamakacebs. marTlac, SesaZlo konfronta-ciis pirobebSi qali TanamSromlebis adgilze yofnam xSi-rad SeiZleba ganmuxtos umarTavi incidenti.

mamakaci muSakebis qalTa ganyofilebaSi daSveba unda xdebodes mxolod qali TanamSromlebis TanxlebiT.229 pa-

225 iqve, wesi 85

226 evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia (2008)11 san-qciebs an zomebs daqvemdebarebuli arasrulwlovani samarTaldam-rRvevebis evropis wesebis Sesaxeb, wesi 128.1

227 iqve, wesi 131.2

228 wamebis prevenciis evropuli komitetis standartebi, evropis sabWos gamocema, Tbilisi, 2014w., gv. 139


106

timar qalebze zrunva da zedamxedveloba unda daevalos mxolod qal muSakebs; imavdroulad, es ar unda uSlides xels mamakac muSakebs, kerZod, eqimebsa da pedagogebs, Seasrulon TavianTi profesiuli movaleobebi qalTa dawesebulebebSi an qalebisTvis gamoyofil calke ganyo-filebaSi.230

wamebis prevenciis evropulma komitetma Tavis mecxre saerTo angariSSi aRniSna, rom orive sqesis TanamSromle-bisgan dakompleqtebuli Sereuli personali aris Tavi-suflebis aRkveTis adgilebSi adamianis uflebaTa dacvis mniSvnelovani garanti. mamrobiTi da mdedrobiTi sqesis TanamSromlebisgan dakompleqtebuli personalis arsebo-bas SesaZloa hqondes dadebiTi efeqti, rogorc patimre-bis fsiqologiuri, aseve – dawesebulebebSi normaluri garemos Camoyalibebis TvalsazrisiT. sqesis mixedviT Sereuli personalis arseboba, agreTve iZleva TanamSro-melTa movaleobebis saTanadod gadanawilebis saSualebas genderuli kuTxiT delikaturi sakiTxebis dros, magali-Tad, rogoricaa Cxreka.231

qalTa cixis TanamSromlebis gadamzadebam saSualeba unda misces maT upasuxon patimari qalebis gansakuTre-bul socialuri reintegraciis saWiroebebs da marTon usafrTxo da sareabilitacio dawesebulebebi. qali Ta-namSromlebis gadamzadeba aseve unda moicavdes xelmZR-vanel poziciebze xelmisawvdomobas im mizniT, rom Semu-Savdes qali patimrebis mopyrobisa da maT mimarT mzrun-velobis politika da strategia.232

qalTa cixis mmarTvelobaSi CarTulma yvela TanamSro-melma unda gaiaros specialuri treningi genderul sa-kiTxebze da diskriminaciisa da seqsualuri Zaladobis

230 iqve, wesi 53(3)

231 wamebis prevenciis evropuli komitetis standartebi, evropis sabWos gamocema, Tbilisi, 2014w., gv. 145

232 wesebi qal patimarTa mopyrobisa da msjavrdebul qalTa arasapa-timro RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb, wesi 29

107

akrZalvaze.233 cixis yvela TanamSromelma, romelic muSa-obs qal patimrebTan, unda gaiaros treningi genderulad gansakuTrebul saWiroebebsa da qali patimrebis ufle-bebze.234 cixis im TanamSromlebisTvis, sadac bavSvebs de-debTan darCenis ufleba aqvT, uzrunvelyofil unda iqnas cnobierebis amaRlebis treningi bavSvTa ganviTarebisa da maTi ZiriTadi jandacvis sakiTxebze, raTa maT SeZlon sa-Tanado daxmarebis aRmoCena saWiroebebis an sagangebo md-gomareobis SemTxvevaSi.235

ucxoel patimrebTan momuSave personaliucxoel patimrebTan momuSave personali SerCeuli

unda iqnas im kriteriumebis safuZvelze, romelic moica-vs kulturul, sensitiurobis, interaqciis unar-Cvevebsa da lingvistur unarebs.236 ucxoel patimrebTan momuSave personali momzadebuli unda iyos kulturuli gansx-vavebebis pativiscemisa da im konkretuli problemebis gasacnobiereblad, romlebic SesaZloa hqondeT aseT pa-timrebs.237 gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos garkveuli perso-nalis momzadeba ucxoel patimrebTan ufro intensiuri muSaobisTvis da maTi SesaZleblobebis gazrda. amis miRwe-va SesaZlebelia specializirebuli treningis meSveobiT, magaliTad, enis swavlis meSveobiT an im konkretuli sir-Tuleebis SeswavliT, rac warmoiSoba ucxoeli patimrebis konkretul jgufTan mimarTebiT.238

233 iqve, wesi 32



236 evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia (2012)12 ucx-oeli patimrebis Sesaxeb, wesi 38

237 iqve, wesi 39.2

238 evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia (84)12 ucxoe-li patimrebis Sesaxeb, wesi 26

108

uvado da grZelvadian patimrebTan momuSave perso-nali

uvado da grZelvadian patimrebTan momuSave perso-nalma unda gaiaros treningi dinamiuri usafrTxoebis aR-qmis mizniT, rom SeZlos usafrTxoebis dacvisTvis Tavisi Sexedulebebis gamoyeneba movaleobebis Sesrulebisas.239 personalis manipulaciis gazrdili riskis gamo, unda wa-xalisdes personalis mobilurobisa da rotaciis princi-pi.240 unda ewyobodes regularuli Sexvedrebi da disku-siebi personalis sxvadasxva kategorias Soris imisaTvis, rom miRweul iqnas swori balansi patimrebis problemebis TanagrZnobiT gagebasa da kontrolis simkacres Soris.241

patimrebTan momuSave samedicino personaliyvela dawesebulebas unda hyavdes sul mcire erTi ise-

Ti kvalificiuri medicinis muSaki mainc, romelsac fsi-qiatriaSic eqneba ganaTleba.242 yoveli cixe unda sarge-blobdes minimum erTi kvalificiuri Terapevtis momsaxu-rebiT.243

cixis eqimebsa da eqTnebs unda gaaCndeT specialuri codna, romelic maT daexmareba gaumklavdnen cixis piro-bebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli paTologiebis garkveul for-mebs da SeZlon samkurnalo meTodebis cixis pirobebTan da garemosTan adaptireba. sasjelaRsrulebis sistemis samedicino momsaxurebis specifikuri xasiaTi SesaZloa amarTlebdes oficialuri profesiuli specializaciis SemoRebas eqimebisa da eqTnebisTvis, diplomis Semdgomi

239 evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia (2003)23 cixis administraciis mier uvado da sxva grZelvadiani patimrebis marT-vis Sesaxeb, wesi 37(b)

240 iqve, wesi 38

241 iqve, wesi 39


243 evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia (2006)2, wesi 41.1

109

gadamzadebisa da perioduli samsaxurebrivi Sida trenin-gebis safuZvelze.244

4.3 sasjelaRsrulebis personalis kriminologiu-ri aspeqti

msjavrdebulis resocializacia-reabilitaciis da sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis normaluri funqcio-nirebisTvis metad mniSvnelovania momsaxure personalis fsiqikuri simyare, normatiuli da moraluri Rirebule-bebisadmi orientacia da socialuri dacvis garantiebi.

cixis momsaxure personalis Sesaxeb saintereso labo-ratoriuli eqsperimenti Caatara filipe zimbardom. es eqsperimenti cnobilia `stenfordis cixis eqsperimentis~ saxeliT.245 1971 wlis zafxulSi zimbardom da misma kole-gebma gazeTSi gamoaqveynes gancxadeba, romliTac eZebdnen xelovnurad mowyobil cixeSi cxovrebis msurvelebs. 70 msurvelidan maTTan intervius da fsiqologiuri teste-bis Semdeg SeirCa 24 kanonmorCili, emociurad stabiluri, fizikurad janmrTeli da saSualo, normaluri studenti. monetis alalbedze agdebiT studentebi or jgufad iq-nen gayofili - patimrebi da zedamxedvelebi. stenfordis universitetis fsiqologiis institutSi yofili patimris daxmarebiT da rCevebiT, romelsac 17 weli hqonda cixeSi gatarebuli, eqsperimentis organizatorebi cdilobdnen bunebriv realobasTan axlos moewyoT cixis pirobebi.

eqsperimentis monawileni dRiurad iRebdnen 15 do-lars. dagegmili iyo, rom eqsperimenti Catarebuliyo ori kviris ganmavlobaSi.

eqsperimentis mimdinareobis periodSi patimrebi cixe-Si imyofebodnen, xolo zedamxedvelebi standartulad 8 saaTs muSaobdnen. zedamxedvelebi atarebdnen uniformas da patimrebs nomrebiT mimarTavdnen. patimrebma miiRes

244 wamebis prevenciis evropuli komitetis standartebi, evropis sabWos gamocema, Tbilisi, 2014w., gv. 74-75


110

iseTi tanisamosi, rom maTi pirovneba sasacilo gamoCeni-liyo. patimrebi valdebulebi iyvnen zedamxedvelebisa-Tvis miemarTaT: `batono zedamxedvelo~.246

eqsperimentisTvis realobis SeZenis mizniT policiis mier e.w. `patimrebi~ sakuTar saxlSi iqnen dapatimrebul-ni. mezoblebis Tvalwin isini policielebma gamoiyvanes saxlidan, eWvmitanilad gamoacxades, xelborkilebi daa-des da cixis `zedamxedvelebs~ gadasces.247 policiele-bi atarebdnen iseTive formis saTvalebs, rogorc `ze-damxedvelebi~.

eqsperimentis monawile patimrebi cixeSi misvlisTana-ve gaaSiSvles, dabanes, Tmebi SeaWres, fexebze mZime bor-kilebi daades248 da tansacmlis nacvlad xalaTi (kittel) Caa-cves, romelsac orive mxares patimris saidentifikacio nomeri ewera.249

`zedamxedvelebisTvis~ gansakuTrebuli instruqcia ar miuciaT. maT ubralod daevalaT cixeSi wesrigi daec-vaT da `patimrebisgan~ aRiareba moepovebinaT. isini val-debulni iyvnen Tavad gadaewyvitaT rogor moqceodnen patimrebs.

garda amisa, zedamxedvelebi atarebdnen iseT saTva-leebs, rom patimrebs maTi Tvalebi ar daenaxaT da daculi yofiliyo anonimuroba da adgili ar hqonoda patimrebis Sebralebas.

`zedamxedvelebi~ - is studentebi, romlebic mSvido-biani da gawonasworebulni iyvnen agresiulad, zogjer sadisturadac ki iqceodnen. `patimrebis~ mxridan mcire protestic ki iwvevda `patimrebisTvis~ Wamis, Zilis an da-banis privilegiis CamorTmevas. `zedamxedvelebi~ wesebis

246 Das Stanford-Gefängnis-Experiment: eine Simulationsstudie über die Psycholo-gie in Haft. ix.: www.Prisonexp.org247 iqve

248 borkilis dadebis mizezi iyo patimarze fsiqologiuri zemoq-medebis moxdena, rom mas ar daviwyeboda, rom igi cixeSi imyofeboda.

249 Das Stanford-Gefaengnis-Experiment: eine Simulationsstudie über die Psycholo-gie in Haft. ix.: www.Prisonexp.org

111

daumorCileblobis gamo `patimrebs~ aseve aiZulebdnen sapirfareSos xeliT recxvas, azidvebs zurgze zedamxed-velis fexis dadgmiT an karcerSi Casmas, tualetSi gas-vlaze uaris Tqmas, SuaRamisas dasaTvlelad gaRviZebas. erT-erTi `patimari~ moaTavses calke sakanSi SimSilobis gamocxadebisTvis. Tavdapirvelad misma megobarma `pa-timrebma~ mas mxari aubes da protesti gamoTqves mis calke sakanSi gadayvanaze. magram rodesac `zedamxedvelma~ ar-Cevanis saSualeba misca calke moTavsebuli `patimris~ gaTavisuflebis sanacvlod erTi RamiT sabanze eTqvaT maT uari, maT sabani airCies da `patimari~ calke sakanSi satanjvelad gawires.250 amiT patimrebSi moispo erTiano-bis grZnoba. `zedamxedvelebi~ cdilobdnen iseTi axali dasjis meTodebis mofiqrebas, rom `patimrebs~ Tavi ufro damcirebulad egrZnoT.

avtoritetis mopovebis mizniT `zedamxedvelebi~ yo-vel Rame xmauriT da stveniT aRviZendnen patimrebs da akontrolebdnen. patimrebi iZulebulni iyvnen saknebidan gamosuliyvnen da sakuTari nomeri daesaxelebinaT.

eqsperimentis meore Rames `patimrebma~ protesti ga-moTqves arsebul mdgomareobaze, aixies nomrebi, Seura-cxyofas ayenebdnen `zedamxedvelebs~ da sawolebi saknis karebs miadges, barikadebi moawyes. `zedamxedvelebi~ Za-lian gabrazdnen `patimrebis~ am saqcielze da iTxovdnen damatebiTi Zalebis moyvanas. Ramis smenas eTxova darCe-niliyvnen da dilis smenasTan erTad wesrigi daemyarebi-naT. `zedamxedvelebma~ gadawyvites Zaladobas Zalado-biT gasworebodnen. isini cecxlsaqrob qafs asxavdnen patimrebs, uvardebodnen sakanSi, gamohyavdaT, aSiSvlebd-nen da sawolebs arTmevdnen. buntis organizatorebi cal-calke `samartoo sakanSi~ moaTavses. sam `patimars~, romlebic aqtiurad ar monawileobdnen buntSi privile-gia miecaT. maT sxvebis dasanaxad daubrunes tanisamosi da


112

gansakuTrebuli saWmeli miutanes. amiT zedamxedvelebma moaxerxes patimrebs Soris arsebuli solidaroba daemsx-vriaT.251

erT dRes cixeSi moewyo pirobiT vadamde gaTavisu-flebis komisiis sxdoma. komisiis wevrebs patimrebi ar ic-nobdnen, isini stenfordis universitetis doqtorantebi da momuSave mdivnebi iyvnen. patimari, romelic fiqrobda, rom misi gaTavisufleba SeiZleboda – unda warmdgari-yo komisiis winaSe. komisiis win gamosuli yvela patimari mzad iyo uari eTqva ukve gamomuSavebul gasamrjeloze, Tu mas pirobiT vadamde gaaTavisuflebdnen. komisiis Ta-vmjdomare iyo yofili patimari, romelic rCevebs aZlev-da eqsperimentis organizatorebs. igi iqca iseT mkacr da Seubralebel cixis TanamSromlad, romelsac patimrobis dros Tavad ver itanda. rodesac sxdoma damTavrda da gai-Tavisa Tu ras akeTebda, cudad gaxda. igi daemsgavsa cixis im personals, romelmac pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb misi 16 ganacxadi ar daakmayofila.252

`patimrebs~ eqsperimentamde stabiluri fsiqikis mqone studentebs sul male ganuviTardaT paTologiuri qceve-bi. isini male Seeguvnen beds da `naswavli dauxmareblo-bis~, `daswavlili umweobis~ mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndnen. eqsperimentis dawyebidan 36 saaTis Semdeg erT-erTma li-derma ̀ patimarma~ TavSeukavebeli yvirili daiwyo. mas aRe-niSneboda sibraze, azrovnebis dezorganizacia da Rrma depresia. momdevno dReebSi kidev sam `patimars~ ganuvi-Tarda stresuli simptomebi. kidev erT `patimars~ sxeu-lze fsiqosomaturi gamonayari gauCnda. Sesabamisad, eqs-perimentSi monawile 10 patimridan 5-ma meore dRes uari Tqva monawileobaze SiSis, depresiis da fsiqosomaturi simptomebis gamo.

cixis eqsperimenti eqvsi dRis Semdeg Sewyvetil iqna,

251 Das Stanford-Gefaengnis-Experiment: eine Simulationsstudie über die Psycholo-gie in Haft. ix.: www.prisonexp.org252 iqve.

113

radgan `zedamxedvelebis~ mxridan `patimrebze~ ganxor-cielebulma araadamianurma mopyrobam iseT zRvars miaRwia, rom `patimrebisTvis~ autaneli gaxda. `zedamxed-velTa~ minimum erTi mesamedi ise agresiulad epyroboda `patimrebs~, rom eqsperimentis organizatorebma uari ga-nacxades eqsperimentze – kontrolis dakargvis SiSiT.

laboratoriuli eqsperimentiT zimbardom daaskvna,253 `rom cixeSi myof adamianTa qcevas ufro metad gansazR-vravs Tavad cixis situacia, vidre masSi myofi adamianebis individualuri maxasiaTeblebi~.254

cixis eqsperimenti Sewyda Semdegi faqtorebis gamo:255

calmxrivad Zalauflebis gadanawileba “zedamxed-velebsa” da “patimrebs” Soris. socialuri rolebis gadanawilebis dros ise SesamCnevi iyo Zalauflebis simboloebis gadanawileba (“patimrebi mimarTavd-nen “batono zedamxedvelo”, xolo “zedamxedvele-bi” patimrebs mimarTavdnen nomrebiT), rom Zalau-flebis demonstrireba “zedamxedvelebisa” da “pa-timrebis” urTierTobis nawili gaxda. “zedamxedve-lebi” da “patimrebi” moergnen im socialur rols, romelic sazogadoebaSi maT Sesaxeb arsebobda;

“zedamxedvelebis” mxridan Zalauflebis borotad gamoyeneba ganapiroba maT mier uniformis tare-bam da im faqtma, rom isini policiasTan erTad mu-Saobdnen (Zalauflebis simbolis socialuri Tval-saCinoeba);

“patimrebma” Zalian swrafad iswavles sakuTari umweoba. eqsperimentSi isini negatiurad iqnen Se-sulni. maTma sasacilo Cacmulobam da nomrebiT mimarTvam ganapiroba maTi pirovnebisadmi upati-vcemuloba da damorCileba “zedamxedvelebisad-

253 zimbardos cixis eqsperimentis kriminologiuri Sefaseba ix.: m. SalikaSvili, Zaladobis kriminologia. Tbilisi 2012. gv. 140.


255 H.J. Schneider, Kriminologie der Gewalt. Leibzig 1994. S. 112.

114

mi”. didi mniSvnelobis matarebeli iyo agreTve is faqtic, rom “patimrebi” valdebulebi iyvnen “ze-damxedvelebisTvis” miemarTaT batonobiT - “bato-no zedamxedvelo”.

• zimbardom eqsperimentis Semdeg gamoyo cixis ze-damxedvelebis sami tipi:

mkacri, magram samarTliani zedamxedvelebi. isini kanonmorCili adamianebi arian da cixis kanonebs icaven.

`kargi biWebi~ - zedamxedvelebi, romlebic pa-timrebs exmarebodnen da ar sjidnen;

patimrebis mteri da usamarTlo zedamxedveli, romlis mizani iyo patimris iseTi formebiT das-ja, rom misTvis Seuracxyofa mieyenebina da misi pirovneba gaetexa. aseTi zedamxedvelebi Zalau-flebiT amayoben da Zalauflebis gamomJRavneba siamovnebT. ar arsebobs araviTari fsiqologiuri testi, romelic winaswar maT saqciels iwinaswarme-tyvelebs.256

256 Das Stanford-Gefaengnis-Experiment: eine Simulationsstudie über die Psycholo-gie in Haft. ix.: www.prisonexp.org

115

mexuTe Tavi

braldebulis/msjavrdebulis sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi miReba

5.1 sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi miReba

sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi (sapatimro dawese-buleba/Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebuleba257) bralde-bulis/msjavrdebulis miRebis procesi aris Tavisufle-ba aRkveTili piris pirveli Sexeba sapatimro adgilTan, amdenad, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania miRebis kanoniT dadgenili procedurebis ganuxreli Sesruleba, rogorc samarTlebrivi standartebis dacvis, aseve masTan mo-pyrobis TvalsazrisiT.

sasjelaRsrulebis sistemaSi pirvelad moxvedrili piris gansakuTrebul mowyvladobas usmevs xazs endrou koili wignSi “sasjelaRsrulebis sistemis marTva adamia-nis uflebaTa dacvis poziciidan”, TavSi “patimris cixe-Si miRebis procedurebi”, sadac is aRniSnavs, rom “daka-vebulebi da patimrebi gansakuTrebiT daucvelebi arian dakavebis an patimrobis adgilze pirvelad misvlisas. saerTaSoriso samarTali aRiarebs, rom sicocxlis ufle-bas, wamebisa da arasaTanado mopyrobisgan Tavisuflebis uflebas am periodSi dacvis gansakuTrebuli CarCo esaWi-roeba, rig saerTaSoriso dokumentebSi aRniSnulia dapa-timrebuli piris uflebebi da cixis TanamSromlebis val-debulebebi dakavebis adgilze pirvelad miRebis dros imisaTvis, rom garantirebuli iyos dacva wamebis, arasa-Tanado mopyrobis, gauCinarebis, mkvlelobis da TviTmk-vlelobisgan.258”

257 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 8, departamentis daqvemdebarebaSi arsebuli dawesebulebebi

258 e. koili, penitenciuri sistemis marTva adamianis uflebaTa poziciidan – saxelmZRvanelo penitenciuri sistemis TanamS-romelTaTvis, Tbilisi, 2007, gv 39

116

garda imisa, rom cixesTan pirveli Sexebisas gansaku-Trebuli yuradReba unda mieqces patimris dacvas wame-bisgan Tu misi uflebebis sxva saxiT darRvevisgan, aseve gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba unda mieniWos piris miRebis procedurebis dacvas da mis informirebas im uflebebisa da movaleobebis259 Sesaxeb, romelic mas gaaCnia cixeSi yo-fnis periodSi.

cixeSi miRebis procedurebs gansazRvravs, rogorc sa-qarTvelos kanonmdebloba, aseve saxelmZRvaneloSi ganxi-luli araerTi saerTaSoriso dokumenti, romlebic adge-nen standartebs miRebis procedurebTan dakavSirebiT. aRniSnuli standartebis dacva warmoadgens umniSvnelo-vanes moTxovnas, raTa uzrunvelyofili iyos cixeSi pir-velad Semosuli piris adaptireba arsebul garemosTan da SemdgomSi sasjelis moxdis normaluri garemo pirobebis organizeba, imdenad ramdenadac sasjelis moxda ar gaxdes damatebiTi, rogorc fizikuri, ise fsiqologiuri tramva cixeSi moTavsebuli pirisTvis.

miRebis procedurebis sawyis etaps warmoadgens is dokumentebi, romlebsac efuZneba braldebulis/msjavr-debulis Sesabamis dawesebulebaSi miReba, saqarTvelos patimrobis kodeqsis 33-e muxlis (muxlma cvlileba gani-cada 2014 wlis 16 aprilis №2241 kanoniT miRebuli cvli-lebebiT) “braldebulis/msjavrdebulis patimrobis/Ta-visuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi moTavsebis safuZ-veli”, gansazRvravs Tu ra safuZvlebis arsebobisas aris SesaZlebeli, rom piri braldebulis an msjavrdebulis saxiT iqnas miRebuli dawesebulebaSi, ra dokumentebis arseboba adasturebs piris dawesebulebaSi miRebis kano-nierebas da rogori unda iyos procedurebi miRebis pro-cesSi, “braldebulis patimrobis dawesebulebaSi Sesaxle-bisTvis aucilebelia sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba piris-Tvis aRmkveTi RonisZiebis saxiT patimrobis Sefardebis

259 patimrobis kodeqsi muxli 49 p-2

117

Sesaxeb, braldebulis piradobis damadasturebeli doku-menti an sxva saidentifikacio dokumenti fotosuraTiT da dakavebis oqmi, rodesac kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs dakavebis oqmis Sedgenas. xolo msjavrdebulis Tavisu-flebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi SesaxlebisTvis aucile-belia sasamarTlos gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni, romliTac mas Seefarda Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, msjavrdebulis pira-dobis damadasturebeli dokumenti an sxva saidentifika-cio dokumenti fotosuraTiT da dakavebis oqmi, rodesac kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs dakavebis oqmis Sedgenas.260”

rogorc aRiniSna miRebis procedurebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan nawils, rogorc erovnuli kanonmdeblobis, aseve saerTaSoriso standartebis Tanaxmad, warmoadgens braldebulis/msjavrdebulis informireba misi ufle-bebisa da Sida regulaciebis Sesaxeb, raTa dapatimre-bul pirs xeli Seewyos Seeguos cixis garemos da SeZlos sasjelis moxda normalur garemoSi, rogorc fizikurad ise fsiqologiurad. wesebis Tanaxmad261 “miRebisas da Sem-dgom, saWiroebisamebr, patimrebs xSirad unda ecnoboT werilobiT da zepirad, maTTvis gasageb enaze TavianTi uflebebis, movaleobebisa da cixis disciplinis mare-gulirebeli wesebis Sesaxeb”. mniSvnelovania wesebis is nawili, sadac qarTuli kanonmdeblobisgan gansxvavebul midgomas vxvdebiT, rogoricaa patimarTa informireba im saqmesTan dakavSirebiT, romelic iwarmoeba mis mimarT. “patimrebs unda Satyobinon maTTan dakavSirebiT mimdi-nare samarTalwarmoebisa Tu saproceso moqmedebebis Se-saxeb, an msjavrdebulis SemTxvevaSi - mosaxdeli vadisa da pirobiT vadamde adre gaTavisuflebis SesaZleblobebis

260 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 33. braldebulis/msjavrdebulis patimrobis/Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi moTavsebis sa-fuZveli

261 evropis sabWo, ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia REC(2006)2, 2006 wlis 11 ianvari,evropis cixis wesebi, Tavi informacia, wesi 30.1

118

Sesaxeb.262” aRniSnuli midgoma gansakuTrebT yuradRebis centrSi xvdeba ara mxolod misi mniSvnelobis gamo, ara-med imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom mocemuli saxis midgomebs qarTuli kanonmdebloba am formatSi ar ganixilavs.

garda Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilebSi ganTavsebu-li piris informirebisa qarTuli kanonmdebloba263 ase-ve gansazRvravs piris patimrobasTan dakavSirebiT sxva pirTa an/da organizaciaTa informirebis standartebs, rac aseve gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovan komponents war-moadgens piris cixeSi ganTavsebisa da Semdgomi sasjelis moxdis periodSi, raTa ojaxma Tu im institutebma/stru-qturebma, romlebic raime formiT dakavSirebuli arian piris cixeSi moTavsebasa Tu sasjelis moxdis procesTan, droulad da amomwuravad miiRon informacia misi ama Tu im sapatimro an/da sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi mo-Tavsebis Sesaxeb. kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, gansazRvru-lia im pirTa wre, visac unda ecnobos piris sasjelaRsru-lebis dawesebulebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb da ra vadaSi unda moxdes informireba, aseve kanonmdebloba gansakuTrebul yuradRebas uTmobs dawesebulebaSi ganTavsebul pirTa informirebas misi uflebebis Sesaxeb, rac xels uwyobs pi-ris sasjelis moxdis procesTan Seguebas da disciplinis moTxovnaTa sworad dacvis uzrunvelyofas. “administra-cia valdebulia braldebulis miRebis Sesaxeb dauyovne-bliv an miRebidan ara ugvianes erTi samuSao dRisa acno-bos gamomZiebels, prokurors, sasamarTlos da bralde-bulis axlo naTesavs an braldebulis TxovniT sxva pirs an braldebulis advokats mis Sesaxeb Sesabamisi infor-maciis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi. administracia valdebu-lia msjavrdebulis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis aRsrulebis adgilze miRebis Sesaxeb dauyovnebliv an miRebidan ara

262 evropis sabWo, ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia REC(2006)2, 2006 wlis 11 ianvari,evropis cixis wesebi, Tavi informacia, wesi 30.3

263 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 34. “Setyobineba patimrobisa da Tavi-suflebis aRkveTis aRsrulebis adgilis Sesaxeb”

119

ugvianes erTi samuSao dRisa acnobos ganaCenis gamomtan sasamarTlos da msjavrdebulis axlo naTesavs, msjavrde-bulis TxovniT sxva pirs an msjavrdebulis advokats mis Sesaxeb Sesabamisi informaciis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi 264.”

sxva pirTa informirebas ama Tu im patimris sapatimro dawesebulebaSi ganTavsebasTan dakavSirebiT, saerTaSo-riso standartebis Sesabamisad, mniSvnelovan yuradRebas uTmobs erovnuli kanonmdeblobac, Tumca qarTuli ka-nonmdebloba iseTi detaluri ganmartebiT ar xasiaTdeba ojaxis informirebasTan dakavSirebiT, rogor detalur ganxilvasac vxvdebiT saerTaSoriso standartebSi, maga-liTad, evropis cixis wesebi ganmartavs, rom “cixeSi pa-timris miyvanisas, aseve patimris gardacvalebisas an misi mZime avadmyofobisas, an saavadmyofoSi patimris gadayva-nisas, cixis administraciam dauyovnebliv unda acnobos mis meuRles an partniors, an Tu patimari dauojaxebelia, mis uaxloes naTesavs an patimris mier saxeldebul pirs, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac patimarma TviTon iTxo-va Seutyobinebloba265.” aqve aRsaniSnavia wesebis midgoma patimris survilisadmi, romelic gamoxatavs pativisce-mas patimris interesebis mimarT da iRebs gadawyvetile-bas, rom im SemTxvevaSi Tu patimari iTxovs ar moxdes misi axloblebisa Tu ojaxis wevrebis informireba.

cixeSi patimris miyvanisa da misi cixeSi cxovrebisadmi midgomis Taviseburebebs, ganixilavs endrou koili wign-Si “sasjelaRsrulebis sistemis marTva adamianis ufleba-Ta dacvis poziciidan”,266 saubaria imaze, rom patimrebis

264 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 49. “msjavrdebulis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi miRebis wesi.”265 evropis sabWo, ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia REC(2006)2, 2006 wlis 11 ianvari, evropis cixis wesebi, wesi 24.9 - kontaqti gare samyarosTan

266 e. koili, penitenciuri sistemis marTva adamianis uflebaTa poziciidan – saxelmZRvanelo penitenciuri sistemis TanamS-

120

uZlurebis SegrZneba dayvanili iyos minimumamde da sas-jelis moxda daiwyos marTlmsajulebisa da samarTliano-bis farglebSi, romelic iwyeba cixeSi miRebis pirvelive momentidan, cixeSi patimari miRebisTanave, kerZod, “cixe-Si cxovreba unda daiwyos da gagrZeldes marTlmsajule-bisa da samarTlianobis farglebSi ise, rom minimumamde iyos dayvanili patimrebis mier uZlurebis SegrZneba. pa-timrebi unda grZnobdnen, rom isini rCebian uflebebisa da movaleobebis mqone moqalaqeebad. es gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, cixeSi pirvelad miyvanisas. cixeSi miRebis pirveli proceduridan SeZlebisdagvarad umokles vadaSi patimars unda ecnobos Sinaganawesi, ra moeTxoveba mas da ras SeiZleba moelodes igi cixis TanamSromlebisgan. Tu SesaZlebelia patimrebs unda mieceT cixis Sinaganawesis individualuri asli.”

miRebis procedurebi, garda Tavad braldebulis/msjavrdebulis da sxva kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli pire-bis informirebisa, rogorc uflebebis aseve kanoniT ga-Tvaliswinebul sxva sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, erovnul kanonmdeblobaSi da saerTaSoriso standartebSi vxvde-biT sxva aucilebel moTxovnebs, romelic miRebis proce-durebis Semadgenel nawils warmoadgens, rogoricaa mi-Rebisas samedicino Semowmeba267 da daTvaliereba. aseve sa-qarTvelos kanonmdeblobisa da minimaluri standartuli wesebisgan gansxvavebiT evropis cixis wesebi aqcents ake-Tebs usafrTxoebis normebis dacvis uzrunvelyofaze mo-cemul etapze, rogorc miRebis procedurebis Semadgenel nawilze, “miRebidan SeZlebisdagvarad male patimrisTvis usafrTxoebis saTanado done unda ganisazRvros.268” aseve wesebi ayenebs moTxovnas, ganisazRvros usafrTxoebisad-

romelTaTvis, Tbilisi, 2007. gv 44

267 evropis cixis wesebi, ixileT meeqvse Tavi - janmrTelobis dacvis ufleba268 evropis cixis wesebi, wesi 16. b

121

mi saSiSroeba, romelsac patimari warmoadgens. gansaku-TrebiT mniSvnelovania evropis cixis wesebis midgomebi miRebis procedurebTan dakavSirebiT, sadac igi ZiriTad aqcents akeTebs msjavrdebulis dawesebulebaSi miRebis SemTxvevaSi socialuri programebis gansazRvris auci-leblobaze, rasac qarTuli kanonmdebloba msjavdebulis dawesebulebaSi miRebis pirvel etapze ar ganixilavs, ker-Zod “patimris socialuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb arsebuli nebismieri informacia unda Sefasdes, raTa moxdes misi piradi saWiroebebis gadawyveta. msjavrdebulis SemTxve-vaSi, dadgenil unda iqnas saWiro zomebi im programebis gansaxorcieleblad269.”

evropis cixis wesebSi sxva Sesabamisi dokumentebis msgavsad vxvdebiT aseve samedicino Semowmebis moTxovnas, rogorc patimris dawesebulebis miRebis proceduris Se-madgenel nawils da am SemTxvevaSi aqcents akeTebs rom “yoveli xiluli dazianeba da saCivari dawesebulebaSi miyvanamde gancdili cudad mopyrobis Sesaxeb da samedi-cino saidumloebas daqvemdebarebuli nebismieri infor-macia patimris janmrTelobasTan dakavSirebiT, romelsac mniSvneloba aqvs patimris an sxvaTa fizikuri an fsiqiku-ri keTildReobisTvis270” - unda iyos miRebisTanave Seswa-vlili da dafiqsirebuli.

gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobs evropis cixis we-sebi, rodesac is adgens valdebulebas samedicino per-sonalisadmi moaxdinos axladmiRebuli piris samedicino

Semowmeba271 “medicinis muSaki an kvalificiuri medda, ro-

melic angariSvaldebulia eqimis winaSe, unda naxulobdes

269 evropis sabWo, ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia REC(2006)2, 2006 wlis 11 ianvari, evropis cixis wesebi 16. d

270 evropis sabWo, ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia REC(2006)2, 2006 wlis 11 ianvari, evropis cixis wesebi 15.1. 271 evropis sabWo, ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia REC(2006)2, 2006 wlis 11 ianvari, evropis cixis wesebi, Tavi eqimis movaleobebi, wesi 42.1

122

patimrebs maTi miRebidan SeZlebisdagvarad male da Cau-

taros maT samedicino gamokvleva, garda im SemTxvevisa, roca es aSkarad ar warmoadgens aucileblobas.”

patimarTa miRebis procedurebis ganxilvisas qarTu-

li kanonmdebloba yuradRebas uTmobs damokidebulebas

im patimrebisadmi, romlebic ver floben saqarTvelos

saxelmwifo enas an ar ician wera-kiTva, aRniSnul midgo-

mebSi mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs maT informirebas

uflebebisa da movaleobebis Sesaxeb dawesebulebaSi miRe-

bis dros, ”msjavrdebuls dauyovnebliv, werilobiTi for-

miT, misTvis gasageb enaze, unda gaacnon misi uflebebi da mis mimarT mosamsaxureTa mopyrobis wesebi, informaciis miRebisa da saCivris Setanis wesebi, disciplinuri da sxva saxis moTxovnebi.272” aRniSnuli sferosadmi gansakuTre-

bul midgomas Cven vxvdebiT yvela im saerTaSoriso stan-

dartebis ganxilvisas, romelic ganixilavs patimrebTan

mopyrobis Taviseburebebs, amasTan wignSi “penitenciuri

sistemis marTva adamianis uflebaTa poziciidan” TavSi

“didi raodenobiT patimrebis miReba”, ganmartebulia Tu

rogor da ra formiT unda moxdes informaciis miwodeba im

adamianebisTvis, vinc ar ician saxelmwifo ena, ar ician an

ar SeuZliaT wera-kiTxva, kerZod “uzrunvelyofili unda

iqnas, rom maTac, vinc ver laparakobs adgilobriv enaze,

vinc wera-kiTxvis ucodinaria an invalidia, miiRon da

gaacnobieron es mniSvnelovani informacia. es sxvadasxva-

gvarad SeiZleba gakeTdes: SesaZlebelia, vinmem waukiTxos

an ganumartos wesebi, SesaZlebelia hyavdeT imave enaze

mosaubre adamiani, zog qveyanaSi gamoiyeneba videoCanawe-

rebic.273”

272 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 49. msjavrdebulis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi miRebis wesi, p. 2

273 e. koili, penitenciuri sistemis marTva adamianis uflebaTa poziciidan – saxelmZRvanelo penitenciuri sistemis TanamS-

123

5.2 registracia/reestri

saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba gansazRvravs braldebu-lisa Tu msjavrdebulis dawesebulebaSi miRebis SemTxve-vaSi miRebis procedurebis iseT mniSvnelovan komponen-tebs, rogoricaa reestris warmoebis da braldebulebis fotografirebisa da daqtiloskopirebis274 wesi da piro-bebi, romelic aseve ganxilulia saerTaSoriso standar-tebiT. “braldebuli, romelic patimrobis dawesebule-baSi miiReba aRiricxeba braldebulTa reestrSi, xolo msjavrdebuli, romelic Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawese-bulebaSi gadaigzavneba aRiricxeba msjavrdebulTa rees-trSi. patimrobis dawesebulebaSi braldebulis miRebisas savaldebuloa misi fotografireba da daqtiloskopire-ba. fotosuraTebi da maTi negativebi, agreTve daqtilos-kopiuri baraTi da sityvieri portreti baraTis mixedviT inaxeba braldebulis pirad saqmeSi, romelic patimris SemTxvevaSi gadaigzavneba Sesabamis Tavisuflebis aRkve-Tis dawesebulebaSi.”

patimarTa dawesebulebaSi miRebis dros reestris war-moebis wess aseve mniSvnelovan yuradRebas uTmobs saer-TaSoriso standartebi, romlis Tanaxmadac, braldebu-lis/ msjavrdebulis dawesebulebaSi miReba unda moxdes maTi uflebebis sruli dacviT da amasTan mniSvnelovania erovnuli kanonmdeblobisgan gansxvavebuli midgoma, ro-desac gaeros patimrebTan mopyrobis minimaluri stan-dartuli wesebi miRebis procedurebs ukavSirebs dawe-sebulebis usafrTxoebisa da dacvis interesebs da mis gaTvaliswinebas miRebis procedurebTan SesabamisobaSi. kerZod, zemoaRniSnuli wesebi275 detalurad adgens rees-

romelTaTvis, Tbilisi, 2007, gv. 58

274 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 35. “braldebulTa/patimarTa re-estrebi”275 patimrebTan mopyrobis minimaluri standartuli wesebi, miRe-bul iqna 1955 wels JenevaSi gamarTul gaeros pirvel kongresze, romelic eZRvneboda danaSaulis prevencias da samarTaldamr-

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tris arsebobis276 aucileblobas da mis standartebs: “pa-timrobis adgilebSi unda arsebobdes reestri akinZuli Jurnalis saxiT, romelSic gverdebi danomrilia da sadac Setanil unda iqnas TiToeuli patimris Sesaxeb informa-cia”, amasTan wesebi gansazRvravs Tu ra saxis informacia unda iqnas dafiqsirebuli JurnalSi, rogoricaa: mona-cemebi pirovnebis Sesaxeb, misi patimrobis mizezebi da xelisuflebis warmomadgeneli im organos dasaxeleba, romelmac miiRo gadawyvetileba Tavisuflebis aRkveTis Sesaxeb; patimris cixeSi Sesvlis da gasvlis dRe da saaTi. aseve standartebSi vxvdebiT im aucilebeli dokumentis ganmartebas, romlis gareSec dauSvebelia patimris miRe-ba “patimris cixeSi miReba dauSvebelia patimrobis Sesaxeb moqmedi brZanebis gareSe”, amgvari brZanebis detalebi wi-naswar unda iyos Setanili reestrSi.

iseve rogorc gaeros minimaluri standartuli wese-bi, evropis cixis wesebi277 TavSi “miReba” adgens bralde-bulis/msjavrdebulis dawesebulebaSi miRebis278 proce-durebs, detalurad ganixilavs reestris Sedgenis wessa da pirobebs, dawesebulebaSi patimris miRebisas saWiro aucilebeli dokumentis xasiaTs da im monacemebis deta-lur nusxas, romelic unda iyos Setanili reestrSi, “arc erTi piris miReba an moTavseba sapatimro dawesebulebaSi ar unda moxdes Sesabamisi saTanado aqtis gareSe, erovnu-li kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad. miRebisas TiToeul pati-marTan dakavSirebiT unda moxdes Semdegi detalebis dau-yovnebliv dafiqsireba: patimris piradobis damadasture-Rvevebtan mopyrobas, damtkicebul iqna ekonomikuri da socialuri sabWos mier 1957 wlis 31 ivlisis 663 C (XXIV) rezoluciiT da 1977 wlis 13 maisis 2076 (LXII) rezoluciiT.

276 gaeros patimrebTan mopyrobis minimaluri standartuli wesebi, wesi 7

277 evropis sabWo, ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia REC(2006)2, 2006 wlis 11 ianvari, evropis cixis wesebi 278 evropis sabWo, ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia REC(2006)2, 2006 wlis 11 ianvari, evropis cixis wesebi, Tavi miReba, wesi 14-16

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beli informacia; dapatimrebis mizezi da pasuxismgebeli piri, romelmac gasca Sesabamisi gankarguleba; miRebis dRe da saaTi; patimris piradi nivTebis nusxa, romlebic unda moTavsdes sapatimro dawesebulebis Semnaxvel gan-yofilebaSi.”

garda reestris warmoebisa, romelic iwarmoeba bral-debulis/msjavrdebulis sapatimro dawesebulebaSi mi-Rebis dros, qarTuli kanonmdebloba aseve adgens piradi saqmis279 Sedgenisa da warmoebis wessa da pirobebs, piradi saqmis warmoeba iwyeba braldebulis/msjavrdebulis mi-Rebisas da iwarmoeba mis gaTavisuflebamde, xolo gaTa-visuflebis Semdeg inaxeba arqivSi. “braldebulis/msjavr-debulis piradi saqme dgeba misi dapatimrebidan gaTavi-suflebamde. gaTavisuflebis Semdeg piradi saqme inaxeba patimrobis/Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis arqi-vSi. piradi saqmis warmoebis wess, saqmisTvis dasarTavi dokumentebis CamonaTvals da arqivSi misi Senaxvis vadas gansazRvravs ministri.”

5.3 gadayvana sasjelis mosaxdelad

sapatimro dawesebulebaSi piris miRebisa da yofnis gagrZelebas warmoadgens misi sxva dawesebulebaSi sas-jelis mosaxdelad gadayvana, romelic aseve gansazRvru-lia moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT, romelic adgens Tu gana-Cenis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan ra vadaSi SeiZleba piri gadayvanil280 iqnas sxva dawesebulebaSi. gadayvanis wesi da pirobebi ganisazRvreba Sesabamisi kanonqvemdebare aq-tiT, romelsac amtkicebs ministri. “sasamarTlos mier sasjelis saxiT Tavisuflebis aRkveTis Sefardebidan ara ugvianes 20 dRisa departamentis Tavmjdomare iRebs

279 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 36. “braldebulis/patimarTa piradi saqme”280 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 47. “patimris sasjelis mosaxdelad gagzavna”

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gadawyvetilebas, Tu romeli tipis Tavisuflebis aRkve-Tis dawesebulebaSi unda moixados patimarma sasjeli. patimrobis dawesebulebis administracia msjavrdebuls sasjelis mosaxdelad agzavnis departamentis Tavmjdo-maris gadawyvetilebis aslis miRebidan ara ugvianes 20 dRisa.” qarTuli kanonmdebloba iZleva SesaZleblobas, rig garemoebebSi msjavrdebuli datovebul iqnas sas-jelis mosaxdelad sapatimro dawesebulebaSi, kerZod: msjavrdebuli, romelsac sasjelis moxda ganesazRvra Ta-visuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi, misive werilobiTi TanxmobiT, ministris brZanebiT dadgenili wesiT SeiZle-ba datovebul iqnas patimrobis dawesebulebaSi sameurneo samuSaoebis Sesasruleblad. am SemTxvevaSi msjavrdebul-ze vrceldeba uflebebi, romelic gansazRvrulia im tipis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi, sadac riskebis gaTvaliswinebiT ganTavsebuli iqneboda msjavrdebuli da romelTa ganxorcielebac SesaZlebelia patimrobis dawesebulebaSi. patimrobis dawesebulebis teritoriaze msjavrdebulis gadaadgilebis wessa da pirobebs gansazR-vravs ministri. sameurneo samuSaoebis Sesasruleblad msjavrdebulis patimrobis dawesebulebaSi datoveba for m deba dawesebulebis direqtoris brZanebiT281.”

braldebulis/msjavrdebulis sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebu-lebaSi miRebis standartebis gaanalizebisa da qarTuli praqtikis ganxilvis xelSewyobis mizniT mniSvnelovania ganvixiloT evropis qveynebis praqtika, Tu rogoria moce-mul qveynebSi arsebuli standartebi sasjelaRsrulebis sistemis sxvadasxva sferos saqmianobasTan mimarTebaSi da ra msgavsebebs an gansxvavebul Taviseburebebs SevxvdebiT qarTul praqtikaSi SedarebiTi analizis mixedviT. ker-Zod, saxelmZRvaneloSi ganxilulia irlandiis da estone-Tis praqtika mocemul qveynebSi moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvruli regulaciebis mixedviT.

281 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 48. “patimris datoveba patimrobis dawesebulebaSi”, p-1

127

patimris miRebis procesis ganxilvisas irlandiis pra-qtikaSi282 vxvdebiT Tu ra informacia unda iyos dafiqsi-rebuli CanawerSi da vin unda ganaxorcielos igi, sadac vx-vdebiT ufro detaluri Canawerebis warmoebis moTxovnas, aseve calsaxad mniSvnelovani adgili eTmoba ojaxis we-vrebisa da megobrebis informirebas. aRsaniSnavia dawese-bulebaSi miRebuli patimris Sefasebis institutis arse-boba, romelic sasjelis moxdis procesSi erTveba dawese-bulebaSi patimris miRebisTanave. aseve irlandiis praqti-kaSi mniSvnelovania ramdenime gansxvavebuli komponenti, romelsac kanoni gansazRvravs, es aris administraciasTan Sexvedra da gaTavisuflebis TariRis Sesaxeb informaciis miwodeba msjavrdebulis sasjelis moxdis adgilze miyva-nis procesSive. `miRebasTan dakavSirebuli informacia unda iyos dafiqsirebuli Sesabamisi piris mier, romelic daniSnulia cixis xelmZRvanelis mier. Canaweri unda Sei-cavdes Semdeg informacias: patimris saxeli, gvari, da-badebis TariRi, erovneba da sxva informacia, romelic pirovnebis identifikaciis saSualebas iZleva; patimris fizikuri Sefaseba, fizikuri Taviseburebebi da nebismie-ri ganmasxvavebeli niSani an/da iara mis sxeulze; nebismie-ri maxasiaTebeli patimris fizikuri dazianebebis Sesaxeb, romelic aRiniSneboda misi miRebis dros; nebismieri mona-cemi, romelic dafiqsirda patimris miRebis dros samedi-cino Semowmebisas, misi mdgomareobisa da damokidebule-bebis Sesaxeb, razec is gadis mkurnalobis kurss an gadio-da mkurnalobas, aseve informacia nebismieri saxis medi-kamentis Sesaxeb, romelsac igi iRebda; nebismieri ojaxis wevris an sxva piris sakontaqto informacia, romelsac patimari asaxelebs; brZaneba an nebismieri sxva saxis doku-menti/dakavebis samarTlebrivi safuZveli; patimris mi-Rebis dro da TariRi; cixis dasaxeleba, sadac patimari

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iyo gadayvanili sxva cixidan, cixe saidanac patimari iqna gadmoyvanili; religia/sarwmunoeba (Tu aseTi gaaCnia) romelsac piri miekuTvneba an miakuTvnebs sakuTar Tavs; nebismieri sxva informacia, wesrigisa da patimris usafr-Txoebis dacvis interesebidan gamomdinare cixis xelmZR-vaneloba CaTvlis saWirod.”

qarTuli kanonmdeblobisgan nawilobriv gansxvavebul midgomebs vxvdebiT irlandiis praqtikis ganxilvisas in-formirebis nawilSi, sadac saubaria ara mxolod ojaxis wevrebis, aramed megobrebis informirebis xelmisawvdo-mobaze, rac pozitiuri praqtikis nawilSi unda iqnas ganxi-luli misi mniSvnelobis gaTvaliswinebiT. “piris dakave-bis, cixeSi ganTavsebis an erTi cixidan meoreSi gadayvanis SemTxvevaSi, ramdenadac SesaZlebelia swrafad unda mox-des ojaxis wevris an sxva im piris informireba, romelsac TviTon daasaxelebs, informireba im cixis dasaxelebisa da misamarTis Sesaxeb, sadac es piri imyofeba”. irlandi-is praqtika gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT ganixilavs im piris Sesaxeb informirebas, romelsac ar Sesrulebia 18 weli. aseve, aRsaniSnavia damokidebuleba im SemTxvevebis mimarT, rodesac administracia ver ukavSirdeba ojaxis wevrs an dasaxelebul pirs da ver axdens maT informire-bas piris cixeSi ganTavsebis Sesaxeb “Tu cixis xelmZRva-neloba miiCnevs, rom piri romelic aris 18 welze zeviT da gonivrul vadaSi ar/ver ukavSirdeba ojaxis wevrebs an im pirebs vinc mis mier iyo dasaxelebuli, cixis xelmZRvane-lobam mTeli Zalisxmeva unda gamoiyenos am kavSirebis aR-sadgenad.”

mniSvnelovania aseve ganvixiloT irlandiis praqtika uflebebis, movaleobebisa da SeRavaTebis Sesaxeb bral-debulis/msjavrdebulis informirebis nawilSi, sadac ZiriTadi aqcenti gakeTebulia sainformacio buklete-bis gadacemaze, romelic ganmartavs, rogorc uflebebsa da movaleobebs, aseve im SeRavaTebis Sesaxeb informacias,

129

romlebic dakavSirebulia kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli SeRavaTebis gavrcelebasa da mis SesaZlo vadebTan, sa-dac gansakuTrebul midgomebs vxvdebiT. im SemTxvevebis ganxilvisas, rodesac esa Tu is uflebebi amoqmedda pa-timris cixeSi yofnis dros” yvela patimars mis cixeSi ganTavsebamde unda gadaeces sainformacio bukleti misi uflebebis, movaleobebisa da kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli SeRavaTebis Sesaxeb. “yvela patimars, romelic ganTavse-buli iyo an imyofeba cixeSi am uflebebis amoqmedebamde unda gadaeces sainformacio bukleti misi uflebebis, mo-valeobebisa da kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli SeRavaTebis Se-saxeb283.” aqve wesebSi saubaria imaze, rom nebismieri arse-buli wesebis da brZanebebis sruli aslebi, romlebic pir-dapir exeba patimrebs unda iyos xelmisawvdomi maTTvis.

aRsaniSnavia ucxoel patimrebTan midgoma irlandiis praqtikis mixedviT, rom maT informacia miewodoT maT-Tvis gasageb enaze, rogorc zepirad, ise werilobiT, aseve saubaria SemTxvevebze, rodesac patimars ar Seswevs una-ri waikiTxos an gaigos bukletSi mocemuli informacia. cixis administracias evaleba miiRos zomebi raTa darw-mundes, rom patimris uflebebi, valdebulebebi, privile-giebi, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia bukletSi mocemuli wesebiT, ganemarta patimars dauyovnebliv, ramdenadac es SesaZlebelia.

gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobs wesebi, romlebic gansazRvraven administraciasTan Sexvedris standar-tebs, rasac detaluri ganxilvis formiT ar iTvaliswinebs qarTuli kanonmdebloba da mas aseve detaluri ganxilvis formiT ar vxvdebiT saerTaSoriso standartebSi”. cixis administracia valdebulia patimris cixeSi miRebisTana-ve imdenad swrafad, ramdenadac es SesaZlebelia Sexvdes patimars, raTa darwmundes, rom is informirebulia misi

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uflebebis, movaleobebisa da SeRavaTebis Sesaxeb, ase-ve SemdgomSi uzrunvelyofili iqneba misi informireba mniSvnelovani movlenebisa da im informaciis Sesaxeb, ra-mac SesaZlebelia misi yuradReba miipyros.”

irlandiis praqtikaSi vxvdebiT, gansxvavebul midgomas patimris/msjavrdebulis informirebis Sesaxeb misi gaTa-visuflebis TariRTan dakavSirebiT, sadac ganxilulia rom unda moxdes maTi dauyovnebliv informireba. “patima-ri, romelic iyo msjavrdebuli Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT, garda uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa misjili pirebisa, misi dapatimrebisTanave, imdenad swrafad, ramdenadac es Se-saZlebelia unda iyos informirebuli misi SesaZlo gaTa-visuflebis TariRis (TariRebis) Sesaxeb, romelic gamo-Tvlili iqneba, rogorc sasjelis moxdisgan vadamde adre gaTavisuflebis SesaZleblobis gareSe da gaTavisufle-bis uflebiT. im SemTxvevaSi Tu moxdeba sasjelisgan ga-Tavisuflebis TariRis Secvla (garda uvado Tavisufleba aRkveTili pirebisa) dauyovnebliv unda iyos informire-buli TariRis Sesaxeb284”.

miRebis procedurebTan dakavSirebiT gansxvavebulia estoneTis penitenciuri sistemis praqtikac,285 sadac ka-noni calsaxad gansazRvravs patimris droebiT mosacdel sakanSi moTavsebas, vidre moxdeba misi Semowmeba. sadac aseve gansazRvrulia patimrisTvis saknis ganpirobeba da

misi pirveladi nivTebiTa da saSualebebiT uzrunvelyo-

fa. `cixeSi gagzavnili patimari droebiT Tavsdeba mo-

sacdel sakanSi vidre moxdeba misi Semowmeba (Cxreka), misi

piradi nivTebisgan gancalkevebulad. mosacdel sakanSi

patimars survilis mixedviT SeuZlia iqonios mxolod au-

cilebeli nivTebi. cixeSi pirvelad miRebis SemTxvevaSi

patimari gadis samedicino Semowmebas. patimris piradi ni-

284 iqve

285 Правила внутреннего распорядка Вируской тюрьмы, Утверждено Приказом директора Вируской тюрьмы, № 1-1/19 от 30 23.01.2013 г. ЙЫХВИ, пункт 3

131

vTebi Seitaneba piradi nivTebis registraciis siaSi. cixis

moxele (Тюремный чиновник) iRebs gadawyvetilebas, pati-

marisTvis cixis SigniT ganTavsebis Sesaxeb, ganusazRvra-

vs mas sakans, sawol adgils, da adgils nivTebis Sesanaxad.”patimarTa/msjavrdebulTa sapatimro Tu sasjelis

aRsrulebis adgilze miRebisas ganxiluli erovnuli ka-

nonmdeblobis, saerTaSorsio standartebis Tu evropis

qveynebis praqtikis ganxilvisas vxvdebiT ramdenime Zi-

reul komponents, romlebic mniSvnelovania iqnas dacu-

li piris sapatimro dawesebulebaSi moxvedrisas, raTa

mas gauadvildes im fizikuri Tu fsiqologiuri stresis

daZleva, romelic dakavSirebulia sapatimro dawesebu-

lebaSi moxvedrasTan, amasTan uzrunvelyofili iyos misi

uflebebisa da kanonieri interesebis dacva. komponente-

bi, romlebic ganxilulia saxelmZRvaneloSi moicavs: mi-

Rebis procedurebis dacvas da miRebisTvis saWiro auci-

lebeli dokumentaciis wardgenas, aseve aseTi dokumente-

bis saxeebs, samedicino Semowmebas piris sapatimro dawese-

bulebaSi miRebisas; uflebebisa da movaleobebis Sesaxeb,

aseve gaTavisuflebis SesaZlo vadebis Sesaxeb patimrebis

informirebas, patimris ojaxis wevrebisa da relevantu-

ri saxelmwifo struqturebis informirebas ama Tu im pi-

ris sapatimro dawesebulebaSi ganTavsebis Sesaxeb, aseve

reestrisa da piradi saqmis warmoebas, sadac moxdeba pa-

timrobaSi myofi piris Sesaxeb yvela saWiro informaciis

Cawera. yovelive zemoaRniSnuli etapebis sworad da kano-

nis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad ganxorcieleba xels uwyobs

patimris/msjavrdebulis mier sasjelis moxdis procesis

da sasjelis moxdis adgilebis saqmianobis efeqturad

ganxorcielebas.

132

meeqvse Tavi

msjavrdebulis uflebebi

`sapatimro dawesebulebebSi uamravi adamiani ixdis sasjels, magram isini patimrobaSi imyofebian, rogorc dasjilebi da ara imisTvis, rom iq daisajon - Tavisufle-bis aRkveTa ukve TavisTavad aris sasjeli, amitom cixeSi arsebuli pirobebi da mopyroba ar unda gadaiqces sas-jelis damatebiT formad. minimumamde unda iqnas dayvani-li patimrobiT gamowveuli uaryofiTi zemoqmedeba. Ta-visuflebis aRkveTis miuxedavad cxovrebis pirobebi maq-simalurad unda iyos miaxloebuli normaluri cxovrebis pirobebTan286.”

adamianis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis SemTxvevaSi, misi uflebebi SesaZlebelia SeizRudos mxolod im doziT da farglebSi, rac pirdapir ukavSirdeba mis Tavisufle-bis aRkveTas, ra Tqma unda SezRudvebis ganxilvisas ar moiazreba adamianis is uflebebi, romlebic absolutur uflebebs ganekuTvnebian da romlebic unarCundeba nebis-mier adamians nebismieri statusis qonisas, maT Soris misi dapatimrebis/Tavisuflebis aRkveTis SemTxvevaSi.

“uflebebi yvela patimars aqvs imis miuxedavad, im-yofebian isini winaswar patimrobaSi, Tu ukve Seefar-daT sasjeli. mniSvnelovani xasiaTis damatebiT sayura-dRebo mosazrebebi exeba patimarTa calkeul jgufebs, kerZod, romelTac sasjeli jer ar SefardebiaT, aras-rulwlovnebs, axalgazrda patimrebs da qalebs. dakave-buli da dapatimrebuli pirebi inarCuneben adamianis yve-la uflebas, garda im uflebebisa, romlebic maT dakarges Tavisuflebis aRkveTis Sedegad. cixis administracias da cixis TanamSromlebs unda esmodeT, ras gulisxmobs es

286 Making Standards Work, Penal Reform International, 2006 London, United King-domp. 1-8

133

principi. zogi ram Zalzed naTelia. magaliTad, wameba da ganzrax sastiki, arahumanuri an damamcirebeli mopyroba mTlianad akrZalulia. gasagebi unda iyos, rom es akrZalva ar exeba mxolod uSualo fizikur da fsiqikur zewolas. igi exeba aseve mTlianad im pirobebs, romelSic patimrebi imyofebian287”

saxelmZRvanelos meeqvse TavSi adamianis uflebebis nawilSi ganxilulia, im uflebaTa speqtri, romlebic pa-timars unarCundeba an/da uCndeba patimrobis pirobe-bis arsebobisas, kerZod mocemul TavSi vxvdebiT, iseTi uflebebis ganxilvas, rogoricaa: adekvaturi sacxovre-beli farTobi da pirobebi; sufTa haerze yofna; higiena, TeTreuli da tansacmeli; kveba; ufleba socialur ur-TierTobaze gare samyarosTan (mimowera, satelefono sau-brebi, urTierToba advokatTan, paemani da sxva); ganaTle-bis ufleba; Sromis ufleba; janmrTelobis dacvis ufle-ba; piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis ufleba da sxv.

6.1 adekvaturi sacxovrebeli pirobebi

imis gadawyvetisas, Tu ra farTi unda gamoeyos Ti-Toeul patimars sacxovreblad, mniSvnelovania, mxedve-lobaSi iqnas miRebuli, Tu ramdeni xani unda gaataros patimarma am farTSi ocdaoTxi saaTis ganmavlobaSi. mci-re farTi naklebad sazianoa, Tu is mxolod dasaZineblad gamoiyeneba da patimari dRis ganmavlobaSi sxva adgilas imyofeba, sxva saqmiTaa dakavebuli. cixis gadavsebis yve-laze uaresi SemTxveva aris maSin, rodesac patimrebs Ti-Tqmis mTeli drois gatareba uwevT am saknebsa an oTaxebSi da gareT gamodian mxolod jgufurad varjiSisTvis, indi-vidualurad dakiTxvis an stumarTan SexvedrisTvis. swo-red ase xdeba zog qveyanaSi, gansakuTrebiT ki im cixeebSi,

287 e. koili, penitenciuri sistemis marTva adamianis uflebaTa poziciidan – saxelmZRvanelo penitenciuri sistemis TanamSromel-TaTvis, Tbilisi, 2007. gv 54

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sadac winaswar dakavebaSi myofi patimrebi an moklevadia-ni msjavrdebulebi arian.

adekvatur sacxovrebel pirobebTan mimarTebaSi mniSvnelovania ganvixiloT evropis sasamarTlos is ga-dawyvetilebebi, romlebSic wamebisa da araadamianuri, Rirsebis Semlaxavi mopyrobis WrilSi ganxilulia sacxo-verebeli farTobisa da sacxovrebeli pirobebis araadek-vaturoba sasjelis aRsrulebis adgilebSi.

mizanSewonili iqneba mocemul sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi ganvixiloT saqmeebi saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg, romelic saqarTvelos axlowarsulSi arsebul praqtikas asaxa-vs, miRebul gadawyvetilebaSi sasamarTlo aRniSnavs.rom saxelmwifom ver moaxerxa saTanado pirobebis uzrunvel-yofa, “2003 wlis 31 oqtombers ganmcxadebeli Cioda, rom Tbilisis me-5 sapyrobileSi misi patimrobis pirobebi ewinaaRmdegeboda konvenciis me-3 muxls. is moTavsebuli iyo 35 patimarTan erTad sakanSi, romelic 24 pirisTvis iyo gankuTnili, am gadaWedvis gamo patimrebi iZulebuli iyvnen, daeZinaT rigrigobiT, sakani ki janmrTelobisTvis saSiSi – nestiani da uhaero iyo288.”

sasamarTlos argumentebis Tanaxmad, “konvenciis me-3 muxli saxelmwifos akisrebs valdebulebas, TiToeuli Ta-visuflebaaRkveTili piri uzrunvelyos iseTi pirobebiT, rac ar laxavs mis adamianur Rirsebas da Sefardebuli Ro-nisZiebis aRsrulebis meTodebi mas ar uqvemdebarebs iseT tanjvas, romelic scildeba sasjelisTvis damaxasiaTebe-li, aucilebeli tanjvis dones. amasTan, patimris janmr-Telobis garda misi keTildReoba unda iqnas uzrunvel-yofili Tavisuflebis aRkveTis praqtikuli moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT.”

mocemul saqmeSi evropis adamianis uflebaTa sasa-marTlo avaldebulebs saxelmwifos Seqmnas patimrisTvis sasjelis moxdis adekvaturi pirobebi, miuxedavad imisa

288 CASE of ALIEV v. GEORGIA (#522/04)

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Tu ra ekonomikuri da finansuri resursebi gaaCnia saxel-mwifos, “saxelmwifo valdebulia, teqnikuri da finansu-ri problemebis miuxedavad, imgvarad moawyos misi sasje-laRsrulebis sitema, rom ar Selaxos patimris adamianuri Rirseba289.”

sasamarTlom alievis saqmeSi misi ganTavsebis piro-bebTan dakavSirebiT daaskvna, rom “imisTvis, rom mopyro-ba moeqces me-3 muxlis moqmedebis sferoSi, arasaTanado mopyrobam unda miaRwios “simZimis minimums”, am minimumis Sefaseba SedarebiTia da damokidebulia saqmis mTel rig garemoebebsa da aseve mopyrobis xangrZlivobaze, fizi-kur da sulier Sedegze, xolo saTanado SemTxvevaSi - msx-verplis sqesze, asaksa da janmrTelobis mdgomareobaze. mtkicebulebaTa Sesafaseblad sasamarTlo iyenebs yo-velgvar eWvs miRma mtkicebulebis kriteriums. wamebis sawinaaRmdego komitetis sxva daskvnebis mxedvelobaSi miRebiT, sasamarTlos ar miaCnia, rom saerTo sinestiT, Camongreuli kedlebiT da janmrTelobisTvis saSiSi sxva pirobebiT, ganmcxadeblis sakani warmoadgenda erTaderT gamonakliss Tbilisi me-5 sapyrobileSi. mTavrobam ar warmoadgina fotosuraTebi an teqnikuri monacemebi sawi-naaRmdegos dasamtkiceblad. momxdari movlenebis dros me-5 sapyrobileSi suraTebis gadaReba jer kidev SesaZle-beli iyo.”

mocemul saqmesTan dakavSirebiT sasamarTlo miiCne-vs, rom mis xelT arsebuli mtkicebulebebi SesaZleblo-bas iZleva daaskvnas, rom “ganmcxadebeli imyofeboda pa-timrobis im pirobebSi, romelsac asaCivrebs gancxadebiT, maSin, rodesac, ganmcxadebeli daavadebuli iyo gulis daavadebiT da asTmiTi sindromiT, igi erTi wlis da oTxi Tvis ganmavlobaSi imyofeboda sakuTari loginis gareSe, mudmiv uhaerobas da janmrTelobisTvis saSiS mdgomareo-baSi. sasamarTlo Tvlis, rom patimrobis aseTma pirobebma

289 CASE of ALIEV v. GEORGIA (#522/04)

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ganmcxadebels miayena imgvari tanjva, rac scildeba Tavi-suflebaaRkveTilis sasjelisTvis damaxasiaTebeli auci-lebeli tanjvis dones. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, dairR-va konvenciis me-3 muxli290.”

rogorc evropis sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebidan Cans mniSvnelovani yuradReba eTmoba patimarTa sacxovrebel farTobs da pirobebs, rac erT-erTi umTavresi komponen-tia sasjelis moxdis adekvaturi pirobebis uzrunvel-yofisTvis, razec saerTaSorsio standartebTan erTad mniSvnelovan yuradRebas amaxvilebs qarTuli kanonmde-bloba.

patimarTa sacxovrebel pirobebTan dakavSirebiT, pa-timrobis kodeqsi adgens Tu rogoria braldebulis/msja-vrdebulis sacxovrebeli farTobi da pirobebi291 erovnu-li standartebis mixedviT, romelic garkveulwilad gansxvavebulia TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirTa statusis mixedviT. patimrobis kodeqsis Sesabamisi Tavi292 gansazR-vravs, rom braldebulisTvis/msjavrdebulisTvis gamo-yofili sacxovrebeli unda Seesabamebodes sasjelaRsru-lebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis ministrisa da saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dac-vis ministris erToblivi brZanebiT293 “braldebulTa da msjavrdebulTa kvebis normebisa da sanitarul-higienuri normebis Sesaxeb”, dadgenil sanitarul-higienur normebs da unda uzrunvelyofdes braldebulis/msjavrdebulis janmrTelobis SenarCunebas, Tumca garda aRniSnuli daT-qmisa kanonmdebloba aseve adgens normebs, romelic unda

290 CASE of ALIEV v. GEORGIA (#522/04)291 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 15. sacxovrebeli pirobebi, p.2, 3

292 Tavi III braldebulisa da msjavrdebulis samarTlebrivi mdgo-mareoba

293 saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa ministrisa da saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTe-lobisa da socialuri dacvis ministris erToblivi brZaneba №87-83/n, 2011 wlis 20-25 maisi, muxli 3

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iqnas daculi, raTa braldebulis/msjavrdebulis ganTa-vsebis pirobebi iyos adekvaturi Tavisuflebis aRkveTis erovnul da saerTaSoriso standartebTan, kerZod, ka-nonmdebloba adgens sacxovrebeli farTobis minimalur normebs, romelic unda iyos daculi piris Sesabamisi ti-pis dawesebulebaSi ganTavsebis dros, `1 msjavrdebulze sacxovrebeli farTobis norma yvela tipis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi ar unda iyos 4 kv. metrze naklebi. 1 braldebulze sacxovrebeli farTobis norma patimro-bis dawesebulebaSi ar unda iyos 3 kv.metrze naklebi.”

garda sacxovrebel sakanSi patimrisTvis gamoyofili farTobisa kanonmdebloba adgils uTmobs iseTi saerTo pirobebis uzrunvelyofas, rogoricaa ganaTeba, venti-lacia, romelic unda iyos relevanturad adekvaturi, usafrTxo sacxovrebeli pirobebis uzrunvelsayofad “braldebulis/msjavrdebulis sacxovrebels unda hqon-des fanjara, romelic uzrunvelyofs bunebriv ganaTebas. braldebuli/msjavrdebuli agreTve uzrunvelyofili unda iyos gaTbobiT. braldebulis/msjavrdebulis sa-cxovrebeli uzrunvelyofili unda iyos bunebrivi an/da xelovnuri ventilaciiT.294”.

mniSvnelovania midgoma, romelsac kanonmdeblobaSi vxvdebiT sacxovrebel pirobebTan mimarTebaSi, romelic gankuTvnilia garkveuli gansakuTrebuli kategoriis pa-timrebisTvis, romlebsac qarTuli kanonmdeblobis Ta-naxmad unda SeeqmnaT gansxvavebuli sacxovrebeli piro-bebi, “orsul qalebs, meZuZur dedebs, arasrulwlovnebs, avadmyofebs, mkveTrad da mniSvnelovnad gamoxatuli SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebs, xandazmulebs (qalebs – 60 wlidan, mamakacebs – 65 wlidan) unda hqon-deT sxva braldebulebTan/msjavrdebulebTan SedarebiT gaumjobesebuli sayofacxovrebo pirobebi295.”

294 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 15. sacxovrebeli pirobebi, p 4


138

saerTaSoriso standartebis ganxilvisas, rodesac gveZleva SesaZlebloba gavakeToT SedarebiTi analizi erovnul kanonmdeblobasa da saerTaSoriso standartebs Soris vxvdebiT araerT mniSvnelovan gansxvavebas, romel-Sic kanonmdebloba ar esatyviseba mocemul standartebs da aseve vxvdebiT komponentebs, rodesac kanonmdebloba saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesabamisad ixilavs sxva-dasxva komponentebs patimarTa ganTavsebis pirobebsa Tu sxva sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT.

gaeros minimaluri standartul wesebSi vxvdebiT da-Tqmas, Tu rogori unda iyos sakanSi patimris yofnis zo-gadi pirobebi, rogori standartebiT unda xdebodes gan-sakuTrebuli kategoriis msjavrdebulebis sacxovrebe-li pirobebis organizeba, Tumca mocemuli standartebi ar uTiTeben sacxovrebel farTobze da sxva konkretul detalebze, kerZod “qalTa sapatimro dawesebulebebSi unda iyos calke saTavsoebi fexmZime da mSobiare qale-bis mosavlelad, iq, sadac es SesaZlebelia, unda vizru-noT imaze, rom mSobiaroba moxdes ara cixis, aramed samo-qalaqo hospitalSi. Tu bavSvi ibadeba cixeSi, es ar unda iyos moxseniebuli bavSvis dabadebis mowmobaSi. iq, sadac patimar dedebs ufleba aqvT daitovon bavSvi TavisTan, gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos bagebis Seqmna. bagebSi unda muSaobdes kvalificiuri personali da iq bavSvebi dato-von im periodebSi, rodesac isini moklebulni arian dedis mzrunvelobas296.

minimaluri standartuli wesebi aseve ganmartavs, rom “dawesebulebebSi, sadac cxovroben da muSaoben patimre-bi: fanjrebi unda iyos sakmarisi zomis imisaTvis, rom pa-timrebs SeeZloT kiTxva da muSaoba dRis Suqze da unda iyos ise konstruirebuli, rom uzrunvelyos sufTa hae-ris miwodeba imisda miuxedavad, arsebobs Tu ara venti-laciis xelovnuri sistema. xelovnuri ganaTeba sakmarisi


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unda iyos imisTvis, rom patimrebs SeeZloT kiTxva da mu-Saoba mxedvelobis gauaresebis safrTxis gareSe297.”

rac Seexeba evropis cixis wesebs298 mniSvnelovania ram-denime konkretuli daTqma, romelic mkveTrad gansxva-vdeba erovnuli standartebiT arsebul moTxovnebTan, magaliTad - sasurvelia patimrebTan Catardes konsulta-cia vidre moxdeba maTi ganTavseba ama Tu im sakanSi, rac mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs patimris, rogorc fsiqo-logiuri mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT, aseve misi Tu sakanSi myofi sxva pirebis usafrTxoebis TvalsazrisiT “sacxovreblis saerTo gamoyeneba unda iyo SesaZlebeli mxolod maSin, Tu es am miznis Sesabamisia da patimrebic eTavsebian erTmaneTs. patimrebs SeZlebisdagvarad unda mieceT arCevanis SesaZlebloba, sanam mieTiTebaT saZine-blis erToblivi gamoyeneba299.” garda aRniSnulisa evro-puli cixis wesebi adgens saknis pirobebisTvis dadgenil zogad standartebs da uTiTebs, rom wevri saxelmwifoebi valdebuli arian aRniSnuli standartebi gaweril iqnas erovnuli kanonmdeblobiT. “ramdenadac SesaZlebelia, patimrebTan unda Catardes konsultacia maTi sawyisi ganTavsebis adgilis Sesaxeb, aseve, erTi dawesebulebi-dan sxva dawesebulebaSi Semdgomi gadayvanisas. patimre-bisTvis uzrunvelyofili Senoba, gansakuTrebiT ki, sa-Zinebeli korpusi, unda pasuxobdes adamianis Rirsebis pativiscemis da, SeZlebisdagvarad, aseve, ganmartoebis moTxovnebs. garda amisa, daculi unda iyos janmrTelobi-sa da higienis moTxovnebi, klimaturi pirobebisa da, gan-sakuTrebiT, farTis odenobis, haeris moculobis, ganaTe-bis da ventilaciis pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT.300”

aRsaniSnavia aseve, rom evropis cixis wesebi ganaTebi-


298 evropis cixis wesebi, wesi 17-18

299 evropis cixis wesebi, wesi 18.6


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sa da ventilaciis nawilSi adgils uTmobs ara mxolod im saknebis mdgomareobas, sadac patimrebi ganTavsdebian, aramed yvela im adgils, sadac isini muSaoben an ubralod ikribebian. “yvela SenobaSi, sadac patimrebi cxovroben, muSaoben an ikribebian: fanjrebi unda iyos sakmarisad didi, raTa saSualeba misces patimrebs, ikiTxon an imu-Saon bunebrivi ganaTebisas normalur pirobebSi. aseve, aucilebelia, xdebodes sufTa haeris moZraoba, garda im SemTxvevisa, roca arsebobs haeris kondicirebis sistema; xelovnuri ganaTeba unda akmayofilebdes miRebul teqni-kur standartebs.”

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania evropis cixis wesebis is nawili, sadac vxvdebiT iseT gansxvavebul midgomas, ro-goricaa sakanSi signalizaciis arseboba, romliTac pati-mars unda hqondes SesaZlebloba saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi nebismier dros gamoiZaxos cixis TanamSromeli. “unda ar-sebobdes signalizaciis sistema, rac saSualebas miscems patimrebs, dauyovnebliv daukavSirdnen personals.301”

wesebi aseve udgens saxelmwifoebs moTxovnas, rom ka-nonmdeblobiT iqnas miRebuli prevenciuli zomebi, imisa-Tvis rom cixis gadatvirTulobam ar moaxdinos zegavlena da ar moxdes individualuri patimris mdgomareobis gaua-reseba “erovnuli kanonmdebloba unda iTvaliswinebdes meqanizmebs, romlebic uzrunvelyofs imas, rom am mo-Txovnebis darRveva ar moxdes cixeebis gadatvirTulo-biT. patimrebis ganTavseba RamiT, Cveulebriv, unda mox-des individualur saknebSi, garda im SemTxvevebisa, roca umjobesia maTi moTavseba saerTo saZinebelSi.302”

cixeebSi gadatvirTulobisa da patimarTa sacxovre-bel pirobebTan da sacxovrebel farTobTan dakavSirebiT mniSvnelovania araerTi qveynis mankieri praqtika, romel-sac vxvdebiT evropuli sasamarTlo saqmeebis ganxilvisas,



141

magaliTad, precendentuli saqme303 “kalaSnikovi ruseTis winaaRmdeg304”, sasamarTlom patimris sayofacxovrebo pirobebi da garemo, sadac ganmcxadebeli iyo ganTavse-buli Seafasa, rogorc araadamianuri da damamcirebeli mopyroba, kerZod ganmcxadebeli misTvis gankuTvnil sa-cxovrebel farTobs da pirobebs aRwerda Semdegnairad: “magadanis IZ-47/1 winaswari patimrobis dawesebulebaSi misi gancxadebiT igi imyofeboda sakanSi, romlis saerTo farTobic Seadgenda 172 metrs da romelSic ganTavsebuli iyo 8 nari, miuxedavad amisa sakanSi TiTqmis yovelTvis im-yofeboda 24 patimari, romelTa 18-mde Semcireba mxolod ramdenjerme moxda, isini iZulebulni iyvnen da eZinaT mo-rigeobiT, radgan erT sawolze 3 patimari modioda, sxvebi iwvnen an isxdnen iatakze da elodnen maT jers. sakanSi Zili praqtikulad SeuZlebeli iyo, imis gamo rom televizori CarTuli iyo dReRamis ganmavlobaSi da mTeli dRe sakanSi intensiuri moZraoba iyo. saknis ganaTeba mozomilad iyo CarTuli. sakani, romelic ar niavdeboda zafxulis ganma-vlobaSi iyo autanlad cxeli, xolo zamTarSi civi, sakanSi arsebuli cudi haeris gamo patimrebi iZulebuli iyvnen saknis fanjara mudmivad Ria hqonodaT. mwevelebis gare-mocvaSi ganmcxadebeli iZulebuli iyo gamxdariyo pasiu-ri mweveli.”

mocemul saqmeSi sasamarTlo afiqsirebs, rom ganmcxa-debeli magadanis IZ-47/1 winaswari patimrobis dawesebu-lebaSi imyofeboda 1995 wlis 25 ivnisidan 1999 wlis 20 oq-tombramde da 1999 wlis 9 dekembridan 2000 wlis ivnisamde. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom saerTaSoriso samarTlis sa-yovelTaod aRiarebuli principebis Tanaxmad konvenciis

303 kalaSnikovi ruseTis winaaRmdeg (ganacxadi 47095/99) Ka-lashnikov v. Russia (strasburgi 15 ivlisi 2002 weli) ganacxadi - 1998 wlis 1 dekemberi304 kalaSnikovi ruseTis winaaRmdeg (ganacxadi 47095/99) Kalashnikov v. Russia (strasburgi 15 ivlisi 2002 weli) ganacxadi - 1998 wlis 1 de-kemberi

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moqmedeba vrceldeba im faqtebze, romlebsac adgili qon-da misi ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdgom, konkretuli saxlmwifos mier ratifikaciis Semdeg. ruseTis federaciisTvis kon-vencia 1998 wlis 5 maiss ZalaSi Sevida, Tumca ganmcxade-blis sapatimro pirobebis Sefasebisas sasamarTlo mxed-velobaSi miiRebs patimrobis mTlian periods maT Soris vadas 1998 wlis 5 maisamde.

sasamarTlo aseve aRniSnavs, rom ganmcxadebeli mo-Tavsebuli iyo 172 metr (ganmcxadeblis informaciiT) da 20,82 metr (mTavroba) sakanSi, romelic gankuTvnili iyo 8 patimrisTvis. sakanSi ganTavsebuli iyo 2 iarusiani sawo-lebi SeiZleba kiTxvis niSnis qveS dadges sakiTxi, Tu ram-denad Seesabameba aRniSnuli aRWurviloba misaReb stan-dartebs, mocemul konteqstSi sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom wamebis sawinaaRmdego evropulma komitetma (wsk) erTi pa-timris saSualo personalur sivrced miiCnia 82 (ix. 2nd Gene-ral Report – CPT/inf (92) 3, &43), e.i. 8 patimrisTvis 56 kv. metri. miuxedavad imisa, rom sakani gankuTvnili iyo 8 patimris-Tvis, ganmcxadeblis mier sasamarTlosTvis miwodebuli informaciis Tanaxmad. patimarTa ricxvi misi patimrobis periodSi meryeobda 18 dan 24 mde. 1997 wlis 27 dekembers imyofeboda 21, 1999 wlis 8 ianvars - 18. (saqmidan paragra-fi 43; 73). sasamarTlo aseve aRniSnavs, rom mTvrobam Tavis mxriv aRiara, rom gadatvirTulobis mizeziT sapatimroSi 1 sawolze modioda saSualod 2-3 patimari.

sasamarTlom ar CaTvala aucileblad ganmcxadebel-sa da mTavrobas Soris mocemul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT arsebuli uTanxmoebis garCeva, warmodgenili cifrebis Tanaxmad TiToeuli patimris personaluri sivrce saSua-lod 0,9-1,9 kv metri iyo, Sesabamisad sakani gamudmebiT ga-datvirTul mdgomareobaSi iyo, rac TavisTavad win swevs mesame muxlis SesaZlo daRvevis sakiTxs.

seriozuli gadatvirTulobis gamo patimrebi iZule-bulni iyvnen daeZinaT rig-rigobiT 8 saaTiani intervale-

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biT, rogorc es gaTavasuflebis moTxovniT 1993 wlis 16 ivniss gakeTebul mimarTvaSi Cans, ganmcxadebeli mocemul periodSi sawols uziarebda 2 Tanamesaknes (saqmidan #74). sakanSi Zili garTulebuli iyo mudmivi ganaTebisa da im xmauris gamo, romelic gamowveuli iyo patimarTa didi raodenobiT, Sedegad ganviTarebulma Zilis ukmarisobam savaraudod cudi Sedegi iqonia patimris fizikur da su-lier janmrTelobaze.

sasamarTlo damatebiT aRniSnavs, rom adekvaturi ven-tilaciis ar arsebobis pirobebSi patimarTa didi raode-nobidan gamomdinare, romelTac SeeZloT Tambaqos mox-mareba mdgomareoba kidev ufro gausaZlisi xdeboda. miu-xedavad imisa, rom ganmcxadebeli gahyavdaT yoveldRiur erT saaTian gaseirnebaze, darCenili drois ganmavlobaSi igi gamoketili iyo Zalian mcire sivrcis mqone sakanSi.” zemoaRniSnuli garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT sasamarT-lo saqmeSi kalaSnikovi ruseTis winaaRmdeg daadgina da-rRveva adamianis uflebaTa evropis konvenciis me-3 muxl-Tan dakavSirebiT.

patimris/msjavrdebulis sacxovrebel pirobebTan dakavSirebiT, aseve mniSvnelovania saerTaSoriso praq-tikis ganxilva, sadac vxvdebiT midgomebs, romelic mkve-Trad gansxvavdeba qarTuli kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili standartebisa da praqtikisgan, magaliTad sacxovrebel farTobTan da pirobebTan mimarTebaSi Tu ganvixilavT irlandiis305 praqtikas, sadac vxvdebiT msjavrdebulTa ganTavsebisas saknis SesabamisobisTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis miniWebas, romlis maCvenebelia is faqtori, rom aRniSnuli Sesabamisobis damtkiceba warmoadgens mi-nistris kompetencias, aseve aRsaniSnavia TanamSromlis gamoZaxebisTvis saWiro saSualebebis sakanSi arsebobis savaldebulooba, “ministrma cixis an cixis nawilTan mi-

305 Statutory instruments, S.I. No. 252 of 2007 ~Prison Rules”., Published by the stationery office Dublin To be purchased directly from the Governement Publications Office

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marTebaSi unda daamtkicos, rom sakani an oTaxi Sesaba-misia msjavrdebulTa ganTavsebisTvis, misi zomis, gana-Tebis, gaTbobis, ventilaciis da mowyobilobis mixedviT. ministrs SeuZlia daadginos saknebSi gansaTavsebel pirTa maqsimaluri raodenoba specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT. yo-veli sakani an oTaxi, sadac ganTavsebuli arian patimre-bi unda iyos mowyobili specialuri meqanizmiT, romeli saSualebiTac Caketil msjavrdebuls SeuZlia miiqcios cixis oficris yuradReba da es meqanizmi unda muSaobdes SeuzRudavad.”

normaluri sayofacxovrebo pirobebis uzrunvelyofa warmoadgens sasjelis moxdis aucilebel pirobas, raTa sas-jelis moxda ar iyos damamcirebeli da Rirsebis Semlaxavi da igi gaxdes msjavrdebulis fizikuri da fsiqikuri janmr-Telobisa da resoacializaciis xelSemwyobi faqtori.

6.2 sufTa haerze yofna

patimarTa uflebebis ganxilvisas mniSvnelovani yura-dReba unda daeTmos mis uflebas adekvaturi dro gaata-ros saknis gareT, sufTa haerze, rac erT-erT ganmapiro-bebel faqtors warmoadgens misi janmrTelobisa da fsi-qologiuri mdgomareobis SesanarCuneblad.

sufTa haerze yofnis aucileblobis xazgasmas da Se-sabamis standartebs vxvdebiT endrou koilis wignSi “pe-nitenciuri sistemis marTva adamianis uflebaTa pozici-idan”, sadac igi ganmartavs, rom “bevri patimari, gansaku-TrebiT winaswar patimrobaSi myofni, dRis udides nawils atareben CaketilSi, SedarebiT viwro garemoSi da sinaT-lesa da sufTa haerze SezRuduli xelmisawvdomobiT. am pirobebSi, fizikuri da fsiqologiuri janmrTelobis mo-sazrebebidan gamomdinare, aucilebelia, rom maT mieceT sakmarisi dro yoveldRiurad gareT yofnisTvis, agreTve, seirnobisa an sxva saqmis keTebisTvis.

sufTa haerze yofnis minimaluri rekomendebuli droa

145

erTi saaTi dReSi. am periodSi patimrebs unda SeeZloT Se-darebiT farTo adgilas seirnoba. zog qveyanaSi gavrce-lebuli praqtika, rom yoveldRiurad TiTo saaTiT didi raodenobiT patimari gahyavT viwro, kedlebiT SemozRu-dul ezoebSi, rac praqtikulad igive sakania, oRond Ta-vRia, ar akmayofilebs Ria garemoSi varjiSis SesaZleblo-bis micemis valdebulebas. Ria garemoSi varjiSis ufleba aqvs yvela patimars, maT Soris maTac, vinc raime formiT gamocalkevebuli an dasjilia.306”

saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba adgens msjavrdebulis sufTa haerze307 yofnis standartebs, romelic gansaku-TrebiT mniSvnelovania im dawesebulebebSi myofi pirebis-Tvis, romlebic miekuTvnebian daxuruli tipis dawesebu-lebebs da sadac TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebi ZiriTa-dad, dReRamis umetes dros ganTavsebuli arian daxurul saknebSi, kanonmdebloba aseve adgens sufTa haerze yofnis wessa da pirobebs, “braldebuls/msjavrdebuls aqvs dRis ganmavlobaSi aranakleb 1 saaTiT sufTa haerze yofnis ufleba. braldebulis/msjavrdebulis gaseirneba xdeba dRis saaTebSi, patimrobis/Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawe-sebulebis mier saamisod gamoyofil adgilze. gaseirneba SeiZleba vadamde Sewydes braldebulis/msjavrdebulis mier patimrobis/Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis debulebis moTxovnebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi.308”

saerTaSoriso standartebis309 ganxilvisas vxvdebiT sufTa haerze yofnis dadgenil minimalur zRvars, Tum-ca aRsaniSnavia, midgomis gansxvavebuli xasiaTi, rodesac sufTa haerze yofna qarTuli kanonmdeblobisgan gansx-

306 e. koili, penitenciuri sistemis marTva adamianis uflebaTa poziciidan – saxelmZRvanelo penitenciuri sistemis TanamS-romelTaTvis, Tbilisi, 2007 gv. 70.

307 patimrobsi kodeqsi, muxli 25. gaseirneba

308 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 14. braldebulisa da msjavrdebulis uflebebi, punqti - z)


146

vavebiT ar moiazrebs mxolod piris saknis gareT yofnas, aramed minimaluri standartuli wesebi adgens varjiSis, varjiSisTvis saWiro aRWurvilobis qonis valdebulebas, aseve mniSvnelovania midgoma, romelsac minimaluri stan-dartuli wesebi gansazRvravs gansakuTrebuli saWiroebe-bis mqone pirTa saWiroebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

“im patimrebs, romlebic ar arian dasaqmebuli sufTa haerze, gaaCniaT minimum erTi saaTiT mainc ezoSi saTana-do fizikuri varjiSis ufleba, Tu amas amindi uwyobs xels. saTanado fizikur mdgomareobaSi myofi arasrulwlovani da sxva patimrebi uzrunvelyofilni unda iyvnen fizikuri varjiSis dros – TamaSis SesaZleblobiT. amisTvis saWiroa saTanado moednebis, danadgarebisa da inventaris arsebo-ba.”

minimaluri wesebis msgavsad evropis penitenciuri wesebic adgens standartebs, romlis mixedviTac dawese-bulebebSi unda moxdes varjiSisa da dasvenebis xelSew-yoba, aseve mniSvnelovania wesebSi mocemuli ganmarteba Tu ra alternativa unda iqnas gaTvaliswinebuli avdris dros, roca msjavrdebuls ar SeuZlia imyofebodes Ria sivrceSi, qarTuli kanonmdebloba miuxedavad gaseirne-bis uflebis kanonmdeblobiT gamyarebisa ar saubrobs iseT specifiur saWiroebebze, rogoricaa avdris dros patimrebisTvis Sesabamisi pirobebis Seqmna sufTa haerze yofnis uzrunvelsayofad, Tumca Tu qarTul praqtikas ganvixilavT, vxvdebiT gansxvavebul realobas, rodesac dawesebulebebis umravlesobaSi, saseirno ezoebi aRWur-vilia nawilobriv gadaxuruli sivrciT, romelic iZleva uamindobisas daxurul sivrceSi seirnobis SesaZleblo-bas. evropuli cixis wesebis Tanaxmad “yovel patimars unda mieces SesaZlebloba, yoveldRiurad minimum erTi saaTi mainc ivarjiSos sufTa haerze, Tu amindi iZleva amis saSualebas. avdris pirobebSi, patimrebs alternatiuli SesaZlebloba unda mieceT savarjiSod. saTanadod orga-

147

nizebuli RonisZiebebi, romlebic xels uwyobs sijansaRes da uzrunvelyofs fizikur varjiSsa da dasvenebas, unda warmoadgendes reJimis ganuyofel nawils310.”

mocemul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT mniSvnelovan da erovnuli kanonmdeblobisgan gansxvavebul midgomebs vxvdebiT saerTaSoriso praqtikis ganxilvisas, kerZod irlandiis praqtikaSi msjavrdebulis sufTa haerze yo-fnasTan311 dakavSirebiT, mniSvnelovania sufTa haerze yofnis dadgenili perioduloba kviris ganmavlobaSi da aseve xangrZlivoba, romelic sakmaod moculobiTia qar-Tuli praqtikisgan gansxvavebiT, kerZod irlandiis praq-tikis mixedviT - kviraSi minimum 5 dRe. dReSi 5 saaTi piri unda imyofebodes saknis gareT da aseve garda varjiSisa da sufTa haerze yofnisa mas am periodSi unda qondes Se-saZlebloba urTierToba iqonios sxva patimrebTan, rac mkveTrad gansxvavdeba qarTuli praqtikisgan, romlis mixedviTac daxuruli tipis dawesebulebebSi msjavrde-bulebs ara aqvT ufleba urTierToba iqonion sxva sakanSi ganTavsebul msjavrdebulTan.

`yovel msjavrdebuls unda hqondes ufleba, gaataros

saknis gareT imdeni Tavisufali dro ramdenic praqti-

kulad SesaZlebelia da administraciis Sexedulebisame-

br iqonios urTierToba sxva msjavrdebulebTan. yovel

msjavrdebuls, romelic imyofeba cixeSi unda hqondes

SesaZlebloba monawileoba miiRos administraciis mier

organizebul iseT aqtivobebSi, rogoricaa muSaoba, ga-

naTleba, profesiuli swavleba da iseTi programebi, ro-

melic xels Seuwyobs axali danaSaulis Tavidan aridebas

da msjavrdebulis xelaxal integracias sazogadoebaSi.

yoveli msjavrdebuli, ramdenadac es praqtikulad Se-

310 evropis cixis wesebi, varjiSi da dasveneba wesi -27.1

311 Statutory instruments, S.I. No. 252 of 2007 „Prison Rules“. Published by the sta-tionery office Dublin To be purchased directly from the Governement Publications Office

148

saZlebelia unda iyos CarTuli struqturirebul aqtivo-baSi aranakleb 5 saaTisa kviraSi 5 dRe.”

6.3. higiena

sapatimro dawesebulebebSi higienuri pirobebis dac-va mniSvnelovan komponents warmoadgens sasjelis moxdis normaluri pirobebis uzrunvelsayofad, raTa uzrun-velyofili iyos sicocxlisa da janmrTelobisaTvis usa-frTxo pirobebi, aseve ar Seilaxos adamianis Rirseba mo-cemul periodSi.

higienuri pirobebis uzrunvelyofasTan dakavSirebiT mniSvnelovania yuradReba dauTmoT evropis sasamarT-lo praqtikas, sadac araerT saqmes vxvdebiT, romelic ukavSirdeboda cixeSi arasaTanado higienuri pirobebis arseboba da swored aRniSnuli pirobebidan gamomdinare Sfasebul iqna, rogorc me-3 muxlis darRveva. aseTi saq-meebis ricxvSi vxvdebiT saqmeebs saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg, kerZod, koxreiZe da ramiSvili saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg312, sadac saqmis aRwerilobidan dgindeba, rom “2006 wlis 11 ianvars ramiSvili Cveulebrivi saknidan gadaiyvanes kar-cerSi. es iyo disciplinuri RonisZieba mobiluri tele-fonis gamoyenebisTvis. karceri farTiT 5,65 m2,, sadac is imyofeba sxva pirTan erTad, sakani gaTvaliswinebuli iyo erTi pirisTvis. ramiSvilma Tavis saCivarSi administra-cias ganucxada karcerSi arsebul pirobebze. man ganmar-ta, rom sakani savse iyo mwerebiTa da mRrRnelebiT, kar-cers ar hqonda fanjara da ventilacia, ris gamoc igi iyo nestiani. onkanidan 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi uwyvetad moe-dineboda wyali, rac iwvevda xmaurs. karceris kuTxeSi mo-Tavsebuli iyo viwro milsadeni, romelsac sapirfareSos daniSnuleba hqonda, igi ar iyo gamoyofili da saSineli suni idga. karcerSi iyo parazitebiT inficirebuli er-

312 CASE of RAMISHVILI And KOKHREIDZE v. GEORGIA (#1704/06)

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TaderTi sawoli, romelic Tavisi zomebiT ar iyo gaTva-liswinebuli ori adamianisTvis.”

evropis sasamarTlom saqmeze koxreiZe da ramiSvili saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg daadgina konvenciis me-3 muxlis darRveva, kerZod “sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom baton ramiS-vils unda esargebla 120 sm siganis mqone sawoliT ucnob adamianTan erTad, ufro metic, sakanSi iyo Ria sapirfare-So, romlis gamoyenebis drosac sxva patimars SeeZlo eyu-rebina misTvis. karcerSi misi yofnis periodSi saerTod ar iyo daculi gancalkevebis elementaruli pirobebi. sasamarTlom aseve aRniSna, rom iq arsebuli sanitaruli pirobebi yovlad miuRebeli iyo da daadgina, rom aplikan-ti imyofeboda araadamianur da damamcirebel pirobebSi, riTac dairRva konvenciis me-3 muxli.

cixeSi higienis dacvis sakiTxis ganxilvisas, rogorc saerTaSoriso standartebSi, aseve saqarTvelos kanonm-deblobaSi vxvdebiT daTqmebs, romlebic orientirebulia sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebSi Sesabamisi higienis pirobebis uzrunvelyofasa da mis dacvaze. patimrobis kodeqsi gansazRvravs Tu rogori standarti unda iyos Se-qmnili dawesebulebebSi higienis dacvasTan dakavSirebiT.

`braldebuls/msjavrdebuls unda hqondes SesaZle-bloba, daikmayofilos bunebrivi fiziologiuri mo-Txovnebi da daicvas piradi higiena pativisa da Rirsebis Seulaxavad. rogorc wesi, braldebuli/msjavrdebuli uzrunvelyofili unda iyos Sxapis kviraSi orjer miRebis SesaZleblobiT, aseve saparikmaxero momsaxurebiT ara-nakleb TveSi erTxel. administracias ekrZaleba mosTxo-vos braldebuls/msjavrdebuls Tmis mTliani gadaparsva, Tu ar arsebobs eqimis moTxovna an higienuri aucileblo-ba313.”

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobisgan gansxvavebiT pa-timrebTan mopyrobis minimalur standartul wesebSi vxv-

313 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 21. braldebulis/msjavrdebulis pi-radi higiena

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debiT ufro konkretul moTxovnebs higienur pirobebTan da saWiroebebTan dakavSirebiT, rogoricaa sanitaruli kvanZebisa da saSxapeebis gonivruli raodenoba da sxva saWiro nivTebi, romelic unda gaaCndes patimrebs higienis dacvis uzrunvelyofisTvis.

`sanitaruli mowyobilobebi sakmarisi unda iyos imi-saTvis, rom TiToeulma patimarma SeZlos Tavisi bunebri-vi moTxovnilebebis dakmayofileba maSin, rodesac es mas sWirdeba sisufTavisa da wesierebis pirobebSi314.”

minimalur standartul wesebSi gawerilia patimrebis valdebuleba daicvan higiena “sabanao mowyobilobani da Sxapebis raodenoba sakmarisi unda iyos imisaTvis rom yo-vel patimars SeeZlos da iyos valdebuli ibanaos an mii-Ros Sxapi Sesabamis temperaturaze (klimatis mixedviT) da iseTi sixSiriT, rogorc amas moiTxovs higienis saer-To pirobebi, wlis periodisa da geografiuli raionis ga-TvaliswinebiT, anu zomieri klimatis pirobebSi - kviraSi erTxel mainc. dawesebulebis yvela im nawilSi, romliTac patimrebi regularulad sargebloben, unda iyos saTana-do wesrigi da gansakuTrebuli sisufTave. patimrebs moe-TxovebaT, rom yovelTvis iyvnen sufTad, amisTvis saWiroa maTi momarageba wyliT da piradi tualetisTvis saWiro iseTi nivTebiT, romlebic aucilebelia sisufTavisa da janmrTelobis dasacavad.

minimalur standartul wesebSi asaxulia ara mxolod sacxovrebeli sadgomis da garemos sisufTavis uzrun-velyofasTan dakavSirebuli moTxovnebi, aramed mniSvne-lovani yuradReba eTmoba patimris piradi higienis da garegnuli ieris SenarCunebis xelSewyobas, “imisaTvis rom patimrebma SeZlon iseTi garegnuli ieris SenarCune-ba, romelic Tavsebadi iqneba adamianur RirsebasTan, maT unda mieceT saSualeba izrunon TavianT varcxnilobaze da survilis SemTxvevaSi hqondeT regularulad gapars-vis saSualeba.”

314 gaeros patimrebTan mopyrobis minimaluri standartuli wesebi, wesi 12 -16

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evropuli cixis wesebi315 yuradRebas uTmobs cixis teritoriaze arsebuli yvela adgilis sufTad Senaxvis aucileblobasa da patimris miRebis dros im saknebis pi-robebze, sadac unda moxdes msjavrdebulebis ganTavseba ”rodesac patimrebi mihyavT cixeSi, sufTa unda iyos is saknebi da sxva ganyofilebebi, sadac patimarTa ganTavse-ba xdeba”, aseve gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania evropuli penitencialuri wesebis ganmarteba sanitarul sadgomeb-Tan dakavSirebiT, romelic wesebis Tanaxmad ganmartoebis saSualebas unda iZleodes `patimrebs iolad unda miuwv-debodeT xeli sanitarul sadgomebze, romlebic higienu-ria da ganmartoebis saSualebas iZleva”, aRniSnuli mid-goma ganxilul iqna saxelmZRvaneloSi evropis sasamarT-lo saqmis “koxreiZe da ramiSvili saqarTvelos winaaRm-deg” ganxilvisas, kerZod evropuli cixis wesebis Tanax-mad “cixis yoveli nawili unda iyos Senaxuli saTanadod sufTa mdgomareobaSi. unda moxdes adekvaturi samyoflis uzrunvelyofa, raTa yovelma patimarma SeZlos SxapiT an abazaniT sargebloba klimatisadmi Sesatyvisi temperatu-ris pirobebSi, Tu es SesaZlebelia – dRiurad, an kviraSi orjer mainc (Tu saWiroa, ufro xSiradac), zogadi higie-nis interesebidan gamomdinare.”

evropul cixis wesebi ganixilavs agreTve qalTa spe-cifiuri saWiroebis gaTvaliswinebis aucileblobas - “unda moxdes qalTa sanitaruli saWiroebebis specialuri uzrunvelyofa.”

iseTi mniSvnelovani komponentis ganxilvisas, rogo-ricaa patimarTa higienuri pirobebisa da garemos uzrun-velyofa, sainteresoa saerTaSoriso praqtikis ganxilva, sadac higienasTan mimarTebaSi ramdenime mniSvnelovan, saqaTvelosgan gansxvavebul midgomas vxvdebiT, irlan-diis praqtikis mixedviT erT-erT aseT midgomas warmoad-gens samrecxaosa da sanitaruli kvanZebis mowyoba sakneb-

315 evropuli cixis wesebi, wesi 19.1-19.7

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Si316 `ramdenadac es SesaZlebelia sanitaruli kvanZebi da samrecxao unda iyos mowyobili msjavrdebulis sakanSi/oTaxSi, sadac adekvaturi sanitaruli kvanZi da samrecxao ar aris miwodebuli sakanSi/oTaxSi, msjavrdebuls unda hqondes gonivruli xelmisawvdomoba sanitarul kvanZebsa da samrecxaoze.~

irlandiis praqtikis ganxilvisas aseve yuradRebas ipyrobs midgoma abanosa da cxeli duSis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT, rodesac es komponenti moazrebulia, ro-gorc janmrTlobis mdgomareobis SenarCunebis erT-erTi faqtori317, aseve aRsaniSnavia cixis valdebuleba uzrun-velyos msjavrdebuli ufaso tualetis saSualebebiT, rac saWiroa higienisa da janmrTelobis SesanarCuneblad. `nebismier patimars unda hqondens cxeli abanos an duSis xelmisawvdomoba gamonaklisis gareSe, Tu amas ar moiTxo-vs misi janmrTelobis mdgomareoba. msjavrdebuls ufle-ba aqvs miiRos cxeli duSi imdenad xSirad ramdenadac es praqtikulad SesaZlebelia, magram mas SeuZlia moiTxovos cxeli duSi aranakleb kviraSi erTxel.” aqve irlandiis praqtikaSi adgili eTmoba msjavrdebulis valdebule-bebs318 sufTad da wesrigSi iqonios higienis saSualebebi da is nivTebi, romlebic mas Tan aqvs, `msjardebuli val-debulia iqonios sakani/oTaxi, WurWeli, wignebi, tansac-meli, logini da TeTreuli da sxva nivTebi romelsac is iyenebs sufTa da dalagebul mdgomareobaSi.”

higienis pirobebis ganxilvisas saerTaSoriso praqti-kis nawilSi yuradRebas ipyrobs estoneTis praqtika, ker-

316 Statutory instruments, S.I. No. 252 of 2007 ~Prison Rules”, Published by the sta-tionery office Dublin To be purchased directly from the Governement Publications Office 24, 25.2317 Statutory instruments, S.I. No. 252 of 2007 ~Prison Rules”. Published by the sta-tionery office Dublin To be purchased directly from the Governement Publications Office318 iqve

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Zod daTqma higienis saSualebebis ufasod319 miwodebasTan dakavSirebiT im pirebisTvis, romlebic ar arian ekono-miurad uzrunvelyofili. mocemuli komponenti Tavisi Tvisobrivi niSniT yuradRebas ipyrobs, rogorc SesaZlo diskriminaciuli midgomis aRmofxvris erT-erTi gza, “mcired uzrunvelyofil msjavrdebuls Tu ar gaaCnia hi-gienis saSualebebi, an ara aqvs Tanxa mis SesaZenad, mas Seu-Zlia cixis administracias mimarTos gancxadebiT martis, ivnisis, seqtembris da dekembris bolo kviras, gancxadeba-Si naTlad unda ikiTxebodes da moicavdes saxeli (beWduri asoebiT) dabadebis TariRi, Senobis dasaxeleba da saknis nomeri.”, saintersoa estoneTis praqtika patimris SerCe-vis procesTan mimarTebaSi, rogorc naklebad uzrunvel-yofili, kerZod - SerCeva xdeba mis angariSze garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi Caricxuli Tanxis mixedviT “gan-cxadeba higienuri saSualebebis paketis miRebis Sesaxeb dakmayofildeba Tu ganmcxadeblis angariSze gancxadebis Setanamde 3 Tvis ganmavlobaSi iyo araumetes 9.60 evrosi”. kanonmdeboba aseve adgens gacemis periodulobas da re-gulirebas, rogorc dawesebulebaSi myofi, aseve axlad-miRebuli patimris mimarT, “dadebiTi pasuxis SemTxvevaSi igi gaicema kvartalSi erTxel gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi SesaZlebelia gancxadebis safuZvelze gasces sakontaqto pirma. Tu msjavrdebuli cixeSi Sedis kvartlis SuaSi da mas ar aqvs higienuri saSualebebi am SemTxvevaSi mas dau-yovnebliv gadaecema aucilebeli higienuri saSualebebi. msjavrdebuls romelsac higienis saSualebebi gadaecaT dawesebulebaSi Semosvlisas mas kvartalis dasrulebamde ara aqvs ganacxadis gakeTebis ufleba.”

cixeSi higienuri pirobebis dacvis gansakuTrebul saWiroebaze da mniSvnelobaze uTiTebs evropis sasamarT-los ganxiluli saqme kalaSnikovi ruseTis winaaRmdeg,

319 Правила внутреннего распорядка Вируской тюрьмы, Утверждено Приказом директора Вируской тюрьмы, № 1-1/19 от 30 23.01.2013 г. ЙЫХВИ, 11.3

154

saqmeSi320 evropis sasamarTlo erT-erT mniSvnelovan aq-cents akeTebs im higienur pirobebze, romelSic ganmcxa-debeli da misi Tanamosakneebi imyofebodnen cixeSi yof-nis dros. “ganmcxadeblis informacia: saknis kuTxeSi gan-Tavsebuli sapirfareSo gancalkevebis SesaZleblobas ar iZleoda. mcire zomis gamyofi kedeli sapirfareSos yof-da xelsabanisgan, magram ara saknis danarCeni sacxovrebe-li farTidan da sasadilo magididan. sapirfareSo ganTav-sebuli iyo iatakidan 0,5 metri simaRleze, maSin roca gam-yofi kedlis simaRle 1.1 metri iyo, Sesabamisad, patimari bunebriv moTxovnilebebs ikmayofilebda sxva patimrebis da cixis zedamxedvelis Tvalwin, romelic sakans karis sazedamxedvelo xvrelidan adevnebda Tvalyurs. sakani savse iyo taraknebiTa da WianWvelebiT, romelTa gasana-dgureblad araviTari zomebi ar miuRiaT, erTaderTi sa-dezinfeqcio saSualeba iyo erTi litri qloriani wyali, romelic patimrebs kviraSi erTxel tualetis dezinfeq-ciisTvis eZleodaT.

sasamarTlo mocemul saqmesTan dakavSirebiT aRniS-navs, rom ganmcxadeblis sakanSi arsebuli mkbenarebis ga-sanadgureblad sanitaruli RonisZiebebi ar xorcielde-boda. mTavrobam mocemuli problemebi aRiara da aRniSna, rom ministris 1989 w. brZanebis safuZvelze cixis adminis-tracia valdebuli iyo mieRo zomebi dawesebulebis mkbe-nari mwerebisgan gawmendis mizniT, Tumca ganmcxadeblis sakanSi aRniSnuli zomebi ar ganxorcielebula. sakanSi ar-sebul sanitarul mdgomareobas kidev ufro amZimebda sa-pirfareSos 1.1 metri simaRlis gamyofi kedeli, romelic sapirfareSosa da xelsabans Soris iyo. igi ver uzrunvel-yofda sapirfareSos sacxovrebeli sivrcisgan gamijvnas, Sesabamisad, ganmcxadebeli iZulebuli iyo bunebrivi mo-Txovnilebebi sxva patimrebis Tvalwin daekmayofilebina.

320 kalaSnikovi ruseTis winaaRmdeg (ganacxadi 47095/99) Kalashnikov v. Russia (strasburgi 15 ivlisi 2002 weli) ganacxadi - 1998 wlis 1 de-kemberi

155

mTavrobis mier warmodgenil fotoebze Cans binZuri saka-ni msgavsi sapirfareSoebiT.”

zemoaRniSnuli garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT sasa-marTlom saqmeSi “kalaSnikovi ruseTis winaaRmdeg” daad-gina me-3 muxlis daRveva.

higienuri pirobebis uzrunvelyofa mniSvnelovania, rogorc sasjelis moxdis Rirseuli pirobebis, aseve pati-marTa/msjavrdebulTa janmrTelobis SenaCunebis uzrun-velsayofad.

6.4 TeTreuli da tansacmeli

patimarTa TeTreuliTa da tansacmeliT momarage-bis TvalsazrisiT Sesabamis midgomebs vxvdebiT, rogorc erovnul kanonmdeblobaSi, aseve sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso standartebSi, Tumca Sesabamisad vxvdebiT gansxvavebul midgomebs, romelic mniSvnelovania patimarTa sasjelis moxdis normaluri pirobebis uzrunvelsayofad.

endrou koili wignSi `penitenciuri sistemis marTva adamianis uflebaTa poziciidan” ganmartavs, rom “saer-TaSoriso standartebi saxelmwifos akisrebs valdebu-lebas, patimari uzrunvelyos iseTi tansacmliT, rome-lic sakmarisia siTbos an sigrilis SesanarCuneblad, misi janmrTelobis moTxovnilebis mixedviT. amave standar-tebiT, akrZalulia patimrebis damamcirebeli an Seura-cxmyofeli tansacmliT Semosva. es standartebi agreTve iTvaliswinebs saxelmwifos valdebulebas, uzrunvelyon tansacmlis sufTad da higienurad SenarCuneba an uzrun-velyon patimrebi aseTi saSualebebiT. cixis uniforma ar unda iyos damsjeli RonisZiebis nawili da arc patimris dasamcireblad iyos gamiznuli. amitom, cixis adminis-traciebma miatoves is arasaWiro praqtika, rodesac pa-timrebisgan isrebiani da zolebiani uniformis tarebas moiTxovdnen. sawoli da TeTreuli SeiZleba sxvadasxva iyos adgilobrivi tradiciidan gamomdinare. bevr qveya-

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naSi normad iTvleba aweul sawolze Zili. sxva qveyneb-Si, gansakuTrebiT, Tbili klimatis regionebSi, SeiZleba gavrcelebuli iyos pirdapir miwaze sawolis gaSlis an noxis dagebis Cveuleba. patimrebis sawolic adgilobrivi Cveulebis mixedviT unda moewyos. mTavaria, rom yvela pa-timars hqondes sakuTari sawoli an sasawole noxi, sufTa TeTreuli da sakuTari saZinebeli farTi.321.

saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba adgens, rom braldebu-li/msjavrdebuli unda iyos uzrunvelyofili, rogorc tansacmliT aseve loginis mowyobilobiT, kerZod Tu maT piradi tansacmeli ar gaaCniaT cixis administraciis val-debulebaSi gadadis maTi uzrunvelyofa. kanonmdebloba ganmartavs, rom Tu braldebuls an msjavrdebuls ar aqvs sezonis Sesabamisi tansacmeli, mas administracia uzrun-velyofs tansacmliT322, romelic garda imisa, rom unda iyos sezonis Sesabamisi, amasTan ar unda laxavdes ada-mianis pativsa da Rirsebas, aseve unda gadaeces TeTreu-li da msjavrdebulebs administraciis gadawyvetilebiT SesaZlebelia daevalos specialuri tansacmlis tareba. `Tu braldebuls/msjavrdebuls ara aqvs piradi tansac-meli, administracia uzrunvelyofs mas sezonis Sesafe-risi specialuri tansacmliT, romelic Tavisi formiT ar unda laxavdes adamianis Rirsebas. aucileblobis SemTx-vevaSi msjavrdebuls eZleva samuSao tansacmeli. bral-debuls/msjavrdebuls pirad sargeblobaSi unda hqondes sawoli da TeTreuli, romelic mas unda gadaeces sufTa da dauzianebeli. administraciam unda uzrunvelyos Te-Treulis sisufTave. administracias SeuZlia msjavrde-buls misces specialuri tansacmeli, romelic Tavisi formiT ar unda laxavdes adamianis Rirsebas. braldebu-

321 e. koili, penitenciuri sistemis marTva adamianis uflebaTa poziciidan – saxelmZRvanelo penitenciuri sistemis TanamS-romelTaTvis, Tbilisi, 2007 gv. 69

322 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 22. braldebulis/msjavrdebulis tansacmeli da TeTreuli

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lisTvis/msjavrdebulisTvis specialuri tansacmlis ta-reba savaldebuloa.”

mocemul nawilSi qarTuli kanonmdeblobis moTxovne-bi Seesatyviseba saerTaSoriso standartebis moTxovnebs, Tumca gaeros minimaluri standartuli wesebi323 xazs us-vams SemTxvevas, Tu msjavrdebuls ara aqvs samoqalaqo tansacmlis tarebis ufleba, mas unda miewodos Sesabamisi tansacmeli. `patimrebs, romlebsac ara aqvT samoqalaqo tansacmlis tarebis ufleba, unda miscen specialuri ta-nisamosi, romelic Seesabameba mocemul klimats da xels Seuwyobs maTi janmrTelobis damakmayofilebel mdgoma-reobaSi SenarCunebas. es tansacmeli ar unda atarebdes Seuracxmyofel an damamcirebel xasiaTs. tansacmeli unda inaxebodes sufTad da mowesrigebulad. recxva da TeTreulis gacema unda xdebodes higienis moTxovnis Se-sabamisad. gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi, rodesac patimari xelisuflebis warmomadgenelTa nebarTviT tovebs dawe-sebulebas, mas unda daerTos sakuTari an sxva iseTi tan-sacmlis Cacmis neba, romelic ar iqneba TvalSisacemi.”

mniSvnelovania minimalur standartul wesebSi specia-luri wesebis arseboba TeTreulTan da qveSagebTan mimar-TebaSi, aseve wesebi, romlebic mkacrad gamoricxavs cixe-Si iseTi tipis gadatvirTulobas, rodesac msjavrdebuls SesaZlebelia ar hqondes individualuri sawoli, `yove-li patimari unda iyos uzrunvelyofili calke sawoliT adgilobrivi da erovnuli normebis Sesabamisad, agreTve calke TeTreuliT, romelic gacemis momentSi unda iyos sufTa da sisufTavis SenarCunebis mizniT xSirad icvle-bodes.”

evropis cixis wesebi mocemul TavSi “tansacmeli da qveSagebi”324 aseve adgens msjavrdebulisTvis sezonis Se-sabamisi tansacmliT uzrunvelyofis valdebulebas misi

323 patimrebTan mopyrobis minimaluri standartuli wesebi, wesi 17

324 evropis cixis wesebi, Tavi - tansacmeli da qveSagebi, wesi 20.1 - 21

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arqonis SemTxvevaSi, Tumca aqve aRsaniSnavia midgoma, ro-melsac evropis cixis wesebi adgens im SemTxvevisTvis, ro-desac piri SesaZlebelia gayvanil iqnas dawesebulebidan, ra SemTxvevaSic tansacmeli ar unda usmevdes xazs mis sta-tuss, rac mniSvnelovnad aris dakavSirebuli, rogorc mis adamianur RirsebasTan, aseve ukaSirdeba mis usafrTxoe-bas, “patimrebi, romelTac ara aqvT saTanado tansacmeli, an ar gaaCniaT sakuTari samosi, uzrunvelyofili unda iqnan klimatis Sesabamisi tansacmliT. amgvari tansacme-li ar unda iyos Seuracxmyofeli an Rirsebis damamcire-beli. yvela tansacmeli karg mdgomareobaSi unda iyos Se-narCunebuli da, saWiroebisamebr, Seicvalos. patimrebs, romelTac eZlevaT cixidan gasvlis nebarTva, ar unda moeTxovoT iseTi tansacmlis tareba, romelic SesamCne-vs gaxdis maT statuss. yoveli patimari uzrunvelyofili unda iyos calke sawoliT da calke qveSagebiT, romelic mowesrigebul mdgomareobaSi unda iqonios da Seicvalos imdenad xSirad, rom misi sisufTave iyos daculi.”

saerTSoriso praqtikis mixedviT, SerCeuli qveynebi-dan, irlandiis praqtika mocemul TavSi mniSvnelovnad ar gansxvavdeba qarTuli kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebu-li midgomebisgan, Tumca aRsaniSnavia detaluri aRwera im SemTxvevisa, rodesac msjavrdebuls ufleba ara aqvs gamoiyenos piradi tansacmeli325, “msjavrdebuls SeuZlia administraciis gadawyvetilebiT, yofnis pirobebisa da usafrTxoebis wesebis dacviT ataros piradi tansacme-li, cixeSi, aseve rodesac is midis sasamarTloze an sxva mizeziT gadis dawesebulebis gareT, Tu: tansacmeli ak-mayofilebs sisufTavis pirobebs; tansacmeli adekvatu-ria temperaturisa da janmrTelobisTvis; tansacmeli ar unda iyos Senaxuli rogorc danaSaulis nivTmtkiceba an disciplinuri darRvevis nivTmtkiceba; msjavrdebuls

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ufleba aqvs regularulad gamoicvalos tansacmeli maT Soris sacvlebi.”

estoneTis praqtikis ganxilvisas mniSvnelovania aseve detaluri aRwera326 tansacmlisa da TeTreulis movlisad-mi, romelic ganmartavs, Tu ra SemTxvevaSi uzrunvelyofs administracia patimrebs tansacmlisa da fexsacmlis ufa-so recxviTa da SekeTebiT, ra nivTebi miiReba sarecxad da ra ar miiReba “cixis mier gacemuli TeTreulis, pirsaxo-cis da samuSao tansacmlis recxva da SekeTeba ufasoa. erT jerze sarecxad SeiZleba Cabardes cixis mier gacemuli tansacmlis 50%. sarecxSi ar miiReba qveda sacvali, winde-bi, bewvisa da tyavis nivTebi, aseve zeda tansacmeli, rome-lic samrecxaoSi SeiZleba miiRon gamonaklis SemTxveveb-Si, roca msjavrdebuli Tavisi xelmoweriT daadasturebs gancxadebaSi, rom man icis garecxvis Sedegad SesaZlo mo-salodneli Sedegebis Sesaxeb (feris cvla, naWris gawelva an Seviwroeba da sxva).

cixe uzrunvelyofs msjavrdebulisTvis TeTreulis Secvlas, pirsaxocisa da cixis tansacmlis, rogorc wesi yoveli me-14 dRis Semdeg. sabani da baliSi icvleba weli-wadSi erTxel, leibi aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi. safuZ-vlian SemTxvevaSi msjavrdebuls ufleba aqvs moiTxovos TeTreulis, sabnis, baliSis da leibis Secvla. Tu msja-vrdebuls ar SeuZlia TeTreulis Secvlis dros imyofe-bodes sakanSi, am SemTxvevaSi is tovebs Tavis TeTreuls dakecils sawolis fexebTan TvalsaCino adgilze. sarecxi saSualebebis SeZenis xarjebs, romelic saWiroa piradi ni-vTebis gasarecxad ixdis msjavrdebuli. sarecxi saSuale-bebi iyideba cixis maRaziaSi. msjavrdebuls SeuZlia pira-di tansacmeli Caabaros gasarecxad samrecxaoSi, am SemTx-vevaSi is valdebulia gadaixados Sesabamisi anazRaureba winaswar dadgenili preiskurantis meSveobiT.”

evropis sasamarTlo saqmeebis ganxilvisas aseve vxv-

326 Правила внутреннего распорядка Вируской тюрьмы, Утверждено Приказом директора Вируской тюрьмы, № 1-1/19 от 30 23.01.2013 г. ЙЫХВИ,

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debiT cixeSi arsebul problemebs TeTreulTan da tan-sacmelTan mimarTebaSi, romelic sasamarTlom CaTvala darRvevad, magaliTad saqmeSi kalaSnikovi ruseTis wi-naaRmdeg327, ganmcxadebeli exeba TeTreulis, tansacmlisa da sasadilo nivTebis miwodebis dros arsebul xarvezebs. “igi acxadebs, rom misTvis arasodes miuciaT normalu-ri TeTreuli da sasadilo nivTebi, romelsac igi xSirad sakuTari Tanamesakneebisgan Txoulobda.”

6.5 kveba

kvebis organizeba da patimarTa sakvebi produqtebiT uzrunvelyofa sasjelaRsrulebis sistemis erT-erTi umTavresi valdebulebaa, romelic pirdapir aisaxeba pa-timarTa janmrTelobaze da normaluri pirobebis uzrun-velyofaze. aRniSnul sferos exmianeba endrou koili Tavis saxelmZRvaneloSi, rodesac is ganmartavs kvebis uzrunvelyofis pirobebs da mniSvnelobas sasjelis mox-dis periodSi - “zrunvis erT-erTi uZiriTadesi valdebu-lebaa is, rom cixis administraciam yvela patimari uzrun-velyos sakmarisi sakvebiT da sasmeliT, raTa patimrebi ar itanjebodnen SimSiliT an arasakmarisi kvebiT gamow-veuli avadmyofobebiT. adamianebisTvis Tavisuflebis CamorTmeviT saxelmwifo iRebs valdebulebas, jerovnad izrunos maTze. es absoluturi movaleobaa, romlidan gadaxveva dauSvebelia. sakvebis ukmarisobis SemTxvevaSi, cixis administraciam yvela Rones unda mimarTos imisa-Tvis, rom cixis SigniT an cixis kuTvnili miwa gamoiyenos dasamuSaveblad da organizeba gauwios patimrebis dasaq-mebas am kuTxiT. “malaviSi cixis administraciam, arasam-Tavrobo organizacia “cixis saerTaSoriso reformasTan” mWidro TanamSromlobiT, SeimuSava cixis meurneobebis da

327 kalaSnikovi ruseTis winaaRmdeg (ganacxadi 47095/99) Kalashnikov v. Russia (strasburgi 15 ivlisi 2002 weli) ganacxadi - 1998 wlis 1 de-kemberi

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maTi produqtiulobis gaumjobesebis proeqti. es am qvey-nis cixeebs exmareba sakvebi produqtebiT TviTmomarage-baSi, patimrebis, cixis TanamSromlebisa da maTi ojaxebis gamokvebaSi, agreTve, patimrebisTvis soflis meurneobis saqmis swavlebaSi. sakvebi unda miewodos regularulad gansazRvrul intervalebSi mTeli 24-saaTiani periodis ganmavlobaSi. kvebis sakiTxi imgvarad unda moewyos, rom patimrebma sakvebi miiRon saTanado pirobebSi. sapirfare-So da saabazano saSualebebi, sakvebi da sasmeli, maT unda mieceT individualuri WurWeli da maTi sufTad Senar-Cunebis SesaZlebloba. Cveulebriv, maT ar unda aiZulon imave oTaxSi sakvebis miReba, sadac sZinavT. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, kvebisTvis calke adgili unda gamoiyos. au-cilebelia, rom patimrebs regularulad hqondeT sufTa wyalze xelmisawvdomoba. aseTi wylis maragi gamocalke-vebuli unda iyos im wylisgan, romelic sanitaruli saWi-roebebisTvis gamoiyeneba328.”

kvebis pirobebis uzrunvelyofas mniSvnelovan yura-dRebas uTmobs saqarTvelos patimrobis kodeqsi, rome-lic detalurad adgens msjavrdebulTa kvebis erovnul standartebs329 kvebis periodulobas, gamonaklis SemTx-vevebs, rodesac msjavrdebulebs eqmnebaT gansakuTrebu-li kvebis pirobebi, aseve damatebiTi kvebis produqtebis miRebis SesaZleblobas, romelic damokidebulia depar-tamentis Tavmjdomaris gadawyvetilebaze. amasTan kano-ni ganmartavs, rom - patimrobis/Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi sakvebi unda Seicavdes adamianis sico-cxlisa da janmrTelobisaTvis aucilebel komponentebs. akrZalulia braldebulis/msjavrdebulis dasjis mizniT sakvebis kaloriulobis Semcireba. “braldebuli/msjavr-

328 e. koili, penitenciuri sistemis marTva adamianis uflebaTa poziciidan – saxelmZRvanelo penitenciuri sistemis TanamS-romelTaTvis, Tbilisi, 2007. gv. 71

329 patimrobis kodeqsi, 23e muxli, msjavrdebulis/braldebuli kveba

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debuli administraciam yoveldRiurad unda uzrunvel-yos samjeradi kvebiT. orsul qalebs, meZuZur dedebs, arasrulwlovnebs, avadmyofebs, mkveTrad da mniSvne-lovnad gamoxatuli SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pi-rebs, xandazmulebs (qalebs – 60 wlidan, mamakacebs – 65 wlidan) unda SeeqmnaT maTi mdgomareobis Sesabamisi kve-bis pirobebi.”

aqve kanonmdebloba gansazRvravs damatebiTi kvebis produqtebis SeZenis xelmisawvdomobas, sadac ganmarte-bulia Tu sad da ra formiT SeuZlia SeiZinos an miiRos da-matebiTi kvebis produqtebi sapatimro/Tavisuflebis aR-kvetis dawesebulebaSi ganTavsebulma pirma “braldebuls/msjavrdebuls ufleba aqvs, patimrobis/ Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis teritoriaze arsebul maRazia-Si SeiZinos damatebiTi kvebis produqtebi da pirveladi moxmarebis sagnebi im TanxiT, romelic man gamoimuSava patimrobis/Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi mu-Saobisas an mis pirad angariSze Caricxes axlo naTesavebma an sxva pirebma. damatebiTi kvebis produqtebisa da pir-veladi moxmarebis sagnebis SesaZenad braldebulis/msja-vrdebulis mier sakuTari saxsrebis gamoyeneba daiSveba ministris brZanebiT gansazRvruli limitis farglebSi, mxolod unaRdo angariSsworebiT. braldebuls/msjavr-debuls ufleba aqvs, departamentis Tavmjdomaris nebar-TviT miiRos damatebiTi kvebis produqtebi da pirveladi moxmarebis sagnebi amanaTis saxiT. braldebuls/msjavrde-buls SeuzRudavi raodenobiT unda hqondes sufTa sasme-li wyali.”

garda kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvruli zogadi stan-dartebisa aseve kanonqvemdebare aqtiT330 dadgenilia kvebis normebi da kaloriuloba, rogorc ZiriTadi ka-

330 saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa ministrisa da saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTe-lobisa da socialuri dacvis ministris erToblivi brZaneba №87-83/n 2011 wlis 20-25 maisi “braldebulTa da msjavrdebulTa kve-bis normebisa da sanitariul-higienuri normebis Sesaxeb”

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tegoriis, aseve kanoniT gansazRvruli gansakuTrebuli SemTxvevebisTvis. mocemuli brZaneba ufro detalurad gansazRvravs kvebis organizacias sasjelaRsrulebis sistemis dawesebulebebSi, sadac ganmartebulia kvebis reJimi, xarisxis dabalanseba da sxva is aucilebeli mo-Txovnebi, romlebic mniSvnelovania patimris sicocxlisa da janmrTelobis SesanarCuneblad “dawesebulebaSi kve-bis organizacia unda Seesabamebodes dabalansebulobisa (cilebis, cximebisa da naxSirwylebis Tanafardoba) da kaloriulobis dadgenil normebs, raTa uzrunvelyofil iqnas dawesebulebaSi myof pirTa janmrTelobis SenarCu-neba. dauSvebelia sakvebis kaloriulobis Semcireba dis-ciplinuri sadamsjelo RonisZiebebis gatarebis mizniT. gansakuTrebuli (dieturi) kvebis reJimis saWiroebis mqone braldebulebi/msjavrdebulebi uzrunvelyofili unda iyvnen eqimis mier samedicino Cvenebis Sesabamisad dadgenili samkurnalo kvebisTvis aucilebeli produq-tebiT, am brZanebis danarTis №1-is moTxovnebis gaTva-liswinebiT. dawesebulebaSi myof pirs ufleba aqvs dama-tebiTi kvebis produqtebi miiRos amanaTebiT, dawesebu-lebis teritoriaze arsebul maRaziaSi SeiZinos kvebis produqtebi im TanxiT, romelic man gamoimuSava dawese-bulebaSi yofnis periodSi muSaobiT, an mis angariSze Ca-ricxes sxva pirebma an organizaciebma.”

mniSvnelovania saerTaSoriso standartebis midgoma kvebis xarisxTan da procedurebTan mimarTebaSi, romel-Ta ganxilvisas patimrebTan mopyrobis minimalur stan-dartul wesebSi erovnuli kanonmdeblobisgan gansxvave-biT, garda sakvebis xarisxisa da periodulobisa yuradRe-ba eTmoba sakvebis damzadebisa da miwodebis xarisxs da procedurebs, “cixis mmarTvelobam yoveli patimari unda uzrunvelyos Cveul saaTebSi iseTi sakvebiT, romelic iqneba sakmarisad kargi xarisxis, kargad damzadebuli da miwodebuli. agreTve, sakmarisad noyieri, Zalebis aRsad-

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genad da janmrTelobis SesanarCuneblad. sasmeli wyali unda iyos xelmisawvdomi yoveli patimrisTvis nebismier dros, SeuzRudavi raodenobiT331.”

evropuli peniteciuri wesebi332 aseve yuradRebas uT-mobs yvela im standarts, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia erovnuli kanonmdeblobiT da minimaluri wesebiT, Tumca am SemTxvevaSi vxvdebiT sakvebis Sesabamisobis gansazR-vras asakis, janmrTelobis da fizikuri mdgomareobis, re-ligiis, kulturis da muSaobis xasiaTis mixedviT, amasTan samedicino personalis rols sakvebis miwodebasTan daka-vSirebiT. “patimrebi uzrunvelyofili unda iyvnen saTa-nado sakvebiT, maTi asakis, janmrTelobis da fizikuri mdgomareobis, religiis, kulturis da muSaobis xasiaTis gaTvaliswinebiT. sakvebi racionis moTxovnebi, rogori-caa kaloriuloba da cilebis Semcvleloba, gaTvaliswi-nebuli unda iyos erovnuli kanonmdeblobiT. sakvebis momzadeba da saWmelad gamotana unda xdebodes higienur pirobebSi. gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos samjeradi kveba, gonivrul intervalebSi. patimrebisTvis sufTa sasmeli wyali unda iyos nebismier dros xelmisawvdomi. eqimma an kvalificiurma meddam unda moiTxovos sakvebi racionis Secvla konkretuli patimrisTvis, rodesac es saWiroa sa-medicino mosazrebiT.”

aRsaniSnavia saerTaSoriso praqtika msjavrdebulTa kvebasTan dakavSirebiT, kerZod irlandiis praqtikaSi333 yuradRebas ipyrobs sakvebis miwodebis xarisxze orien-tireba da sakvebis gansxvavebuloba, aseve msjavrdebu-lisTvis dieturi da religiuri kvebis dacvis xelSewyoba. `cixe vadebulia uzrunvelyos, rom yovel msjavrdebuls

331 gaeros patimrebTan mopyrobis minimaluri standartuli wesebi - wesi 20

332 evropis cixis wesebi - wesi 22.1-22.6

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miewodos Sesabamisi raodenobis, janmrTeli da sakvebad vargisi sakvebi da sasmeli, yovel dRe, es sakvebi da sasme-li unda iyos kargad momzadebuli, kargad miwodebuli da gonivrulad gansxvavebuli. Sinaganawesisa da usafrTxoe-bis dacviT cixis administracia valdebulia, ramdenadac es praqtikulad SesaZlebelia Seqmnas pirobebi imisaTvis, rom msjavrdebulebma daicvan dieta an religiuri da kul-turuli Taviseburebebi, romelsac isini icaven.”

kvebis organizebasTan dakavSirebiT mniSvnelovania ganvixiloT estoneTis praqtikis334 gansxvavebuli mid-gomebi, kerZod mniSvnelovania msjavrdebulisTvis die-turi da vegetarianuli sakvebis miwodebisa da miwodebis Sewyvetis standartebi, aqve mocemul komponentSi ganixi-lavs cixis Sinaganawesi SimSilobis gamocxadebis proce-durebs da xelSewyobas. estoneTis praqtikaSi mniSvne-lovani yuradReba eTmoba sakvebis sufTad, sanitaruli normebis dacviT gacemis uzrunvelyofas. “im pirebis sias, romlebic saWiroeben damatebiT kvebas adgens samedici-no ganyofilebis ufrosi. rogorc wesi TveSi erTxel ve-getarianuli sakvebis misaRebad religiuri an samedici-no TvalsazrisiT msjavrdebuli mimarTavs sakontaqto pirs gancxadebiT, romelic aregistrirebs gancxadebas. Tu msjavrdebuli iTxovs vegetarianul sakvebs religiu-ri TvalsazrisiT, am SemTxvevaSi gancxadebas ganixilavs cixis kapelani. Tu janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gamo, am SemTxvevaSi cixis eqimi. Tu msjavrdebuls daniSnuli aqvs vegetarianuli kveba janmrTelobis, mdgomareobis gamo mowmdeba msjavrdebulis mier maRaziaSi SeZenili produ-qtebi. Tu im periodSi, roca msjavrdebuls cixe uzrun-velyofda vegetarianuli kvebiT, mas ki maRaziaSi SeZenili aqvs xorcis produqtebi, am SemTxvevaSi cixe uwyvets mas vegetarianuli sakvebis miRebas.” sayuradReboa aseve pa-timrisadmi damokidebuleba sakvebis miRebaze uaris Tqmis

334 Правила внутреннего распорядка Вируской тюрьмы, Утверждено Приказом директора Вируской тюрьмы, № 1-1/19 от 30 23.01.2013 г. ЙЫХВИ,

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SemTxvevaSi, “sakvebis miRebaze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi msjavrdebuli mimarTavs direqtors werilobiT amis Se-saxeb, zepiri gancxadebisas es fiqsirdeba cixis Sesabamis JurnalSi. sakvebis miRebis dawyebis Sesaxeb msjavrdebuli aseve mimarTavs direqtors werilobiT. msjavrdebuli xe-laxla iRebs cixis sakvebs gancxadebis wardgenis Semdeg sakvebis gacemis droidan. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi cixes SeuZlia sakvebi Secvalos mSrali ulufiT. msjavrdebuls ekrZaleba sxvas gadasces masze gacemuli cixis sakvebi. WurWels msjavrdebuli recxavs TviTon, cixis TanamSro-mels ufleba aqvs uari Tqvas sakvebis gacemaze usufTao WurWelSi. Tu wamoiWreba pretenzia sakvebis xarisxTan dakavSirebiT, msjavrdebuli valdebulia amis Sesaxeb ac-nobos ufros morige specialists zedamxedvelobis meS-veobiT. dagvianebiT pretenziebis wayeneba ar kmayofil-deba im mizeziT, rom SeuZlebelia sakvebis Semowmeba.”

evropis sasamarTlos mier ganxiluli precendentu-li saqme, kalaSnikovi335 ruseTis winaaRmdeg aseve mniSvne-lovan xarvezebs afiqsirebs sakvebis miwodebis nawilSic, sadac ZiriTadi yuradReba eTmoba ara mxolod sakvebis xarisxs, aramed misi miRebis process da sakvebis miwode-bis formas, “patimrebi sakvebs miirTmevdnen sasadilo ma-gidaze, romelic saknis sapirfareSodan mxolod erTi me-triT iyo daSorebuli, sakvebi cudi xarisxis iyo.”

6.6 ufleba socialur urTierTobaze gare samyarosTan (momowera, satelefono saubrebi, urTierToba advokatTan, paemani da sxva)

gare samyarosTan urTierToba erT-erTi umniSvnelo-vanesi faqtoria patimris sulieri mdgradobis SenarCu-nebisTvis, misi reabilitaciisa da resocializaciis pro-

335 kalaSnikovi ruseTis winaaRmdeg (ganacxadi 47095/99)Kalashnikov v. Russia (strasburgi 15 ivlisi 2002 weli) ganacxadi - 1998 wlis 1 de-kemberi

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cesis efeqturad warmarTvisTvis da pirdapir aisaxeba sasjelaRsrulebis sistemis normalur funqcionirebaze. ar SeiZleba patimris sruli izolireba gare samyarosgan ra saxis danaSauli ar unda hqondes mas Cadenili. “ojaxis wevrebsa da megobrebs unda mieceT saSualeba, rom cixeSi moinaxulon patimrebi. aRniSnuli vizitebi unda ganxor-cieldes imdenad bunebriv pirobebSi, ramdenadac amis saSualebas iZleva dawesebuleba. maqsimalurad unda iyos uzrunvelyofili myudroeba. ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom vizitebi, gansakuTrebiT ki, axlo ojaxis wevrebTan, aris ara privilegia, aramed adamianis elementaruli ufleba. vizitebis pirobebisa Tu sixSiris SezRudva gamarTlebu-li unda iqnas yovel mocemul viTarebaSi. prezumfciis doneze unda miiCneodes, rom nebadarTulia vizitebis ma-qsimaluri raodenoba, romlebic xorcieldeba SeZlebis-dagvarad yvelaze misaReb pirobebSi. ojaxis vizitebTan erTad, aseve, mniSvnelovania sxva tipis kontaqtic. pa-timrebs unda SeeZloT, maqsimalurad Tavisuflad miiRon da gagzavnon werilebi da, SesaZleblobis SemTxvevaSi, isargeblon telefoniT336.”

gare samyarosTan urTierTobis337 konteqstSi erovnu-li kanonmdebloba ZiriTadad ganixilavs mimoweras, paem-nis uflebas, satelefono saubrebs, iuridiul daxmarebas, dawesebulebis droebiT datovebs da sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebidan xanmokle gasvlas.

mimoweris nawilSi kanonmdebloba ganixilavs werile-bis gagzavnis periodulobas, gagzavnisa da miRebuli we-rilebis adresatisTvis gadacemis procedurebs, saweri saSualebebiT msjavrdebulTa/braldebulTa uzrunvel-yofas, korespondenciebis Semowmebis standartebs da im


337 patimrobis kodeqsi - muxli 16. braldebulis/msjavrdebulis mi-mowera, p 1-5;

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adresatebs, romelTanac gagzavnili korespondenciebi Semowmebas ar eqvemdebareba. “braldebuls/msjavrdebuls ufleba aqvs, SeuzRudavi raodenobiT gagzavnos da mii-Ros werilebi am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT. braldebu-lis/msjavrdebulis saxelze Semosuli werilebis misTvis Cabarebas, agreTve braldebulis/msjavrdebulis werile-bis adresatisTvis gagzavnas uzrunvelyofs patimrobis/Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis administracia (SemdgomSi – administracia). piradi xasiaTis korespon-dencia adresats egzavneba braldebulis/ msjavrdebulis xarjiT. administracia braldebuls/msjavrdebuls mo-Txovnis SemTxvevaSi uzrunvelyofs saweri saSualebebi-Ta da qaRaldiT. braldebulis/msjavrdebulis korespon-dencia eqvemdebareba Semowmebas, rac moicavs vizualur daTvalierebas, korespondenciis Sinaarsis gacnobis ga-reSe, xolo ukidures SemTxvevaSi, dasabuTebuli varau-disas, Tu SesaZlebelia iseTi informaciis gavrceleba, romelic safrTxes Seuqmnis sazogadoebriv wesrigs, sa-zogadoebriv usafrTxoebas an sxva pirTa uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs, administracia uflebamosilia gaecnos korespondenciis Sinaarss da saWiroebisamebr SezRu-dos misi adresatisTvis gagzavna, ris Taobazedac dau-yovnebliv ecnobeba korespondenciis gamgzavns. daxuru-li konvertiT miRebuli korespondencia unda gaixsnas braldebulis/msjavrdebulis TandaswrebiT. aRniSnuli korespondencia eqvemdebareba vizualur daTvalierebas, Sinaarsis gacnobis gareSe.”

gansakuTrebiT korespondenciis miReba-gagzavnis Sem-TxvevaSi, korespondenciis SesaZlo Semowmebis sakiTxis ganxilvisas, mniSvnelovania yuradReba daeTmos kanonm-deblobis im nawils, sadac vxvdebiT calsaxa akrZalvas, romelic dadgenilia administraciis mimarT, rom maT ara aqvT gamonaklisis daSvebis SesaZlebloba, “administraci-is Sesabamis uflebamosil pirs ekrZaleba, SeaCeros an/da

169

Seamowmos braldebulis/msjavrdebulis korespondencia, romlis adresati an adresanti aris saqarTvelos prezi-denti, saqarTvelos parlamentis Tavmjdomare, saqarTve-los premier-ministri, saqarTvelos parlamentis wevri, sasamarTlo, adamianis uflebaTa evropis sasamarTlo, saerTaSoriso organizacia, romelic Seqmnilia saqarTve-los parlamentis mier ratificirebuli adamianis ufle-baTa dacvis sferos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebis safuZ-velze, saqarTvelos saministro, departamenti, saqarTve-los saxalxo damcveli, damcveli, prokurori.338”

paemnis ufleba gare samyarosTan urTierTobis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi komponentia, radganac igi msjavrdebuls/braldebuls aZlevs ojaxis wevrebTan da axloblebTan piradi kontaqtis saSualebas da ganixile-ba, rogorc resocializaciis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi faqtori. kanonmdebloba paemnebis muxlSi ganmartavs, rom “akrZalulia braldebulis/msjavrdebulis sruli izo-lacia339.” paemnis ufleba ganixileba, rogorc patimrobis kodeqsiT, aseve sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebis de-bulebebiT340, paemnis uflebis nawilSi ganxilulia pirTa wre, visTanac braldebuls/msjavrdebuls eZlevaT Sexve-dris ufleba, aseve Sexvedris raodenoba, xangrZlivoba, rogorc grZelvadiani iseve moklevadiani paemnebi da misi ganxorcielebis standartebi.

erovnuli kanonmdebloba ganmartavs, rom “bralde-buls/msjavrdebuls misi werilobiTi Txovnis safuZvel-ze SeiZleba mieces mis axlo naTesavebTan (Svili, meuRle, piri visTanac hyavs saerTo Svili, mSobeli (mSvilebeli), dedinacvali, maminacvali, meuRlis mSoblebi, geri, naS-vilebi da misi STamomavali, SviliSvili, da, Zma, diswuli,

338 patimrobis kodeqsi - muxli 16. braldebulis/msjavrdebulis mi-mowera, nawili 1-5;339 patimrobis kodeqsi - muxli 17. paemnis ufleba nawili 1;340 saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa ministris brZaneba №97 - 2011 wlis 30 maisi

170

Zmiswuli da maTi Svilebi, bebia da papa, bebiis ded-mama da papis ded-mama (rogorc dedis, ise mamis mxridan), biZa (de-dis Zma da mamis Zma), deida, mamida, biZaSvili, deidaSvili da mamidaSvili, agreTve is piri, romelTanac cxovrobda da eweoda saerTo meurneobas patimrobis/Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi moxvedramde bolo 1 wlis gan-mavlobaSi) xanmokle paemnis ufleba. aRniSnul pirebTan Sexvedraze patimrobis/Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebu-lebis direqtoris Tanxmoba/motivirebuli uari bralde-buls/msjavrdebuls ecnobeba werilobiT341.”

kanonmdebloba ganmartavs paemnebis ganxorcielebis procedurebs, romelic unda ganxorcieldes adamianis pativisa da Rirsebis dacviT, rom kanoniT gansazRvrul pirebTan braldebulis/msjavrdebulis urTierTobis kontroli unda ganxorcieldes misi pativisa da Rirsebis Seulaxavad. aseve kanonSi da dawesebulebebis debulebeb-Si vxvdebiT paemnebis ganxorcielebis procedurebs da vadebs, romlis dacva patimrisTvis warmoadgens erT-erT umTavres pirobas, rom mas mieces ojaxis wevrTan Tavisu-fali, srulfasovani kontaqtis SesaZlebloba, “ xanmokle paemnis moTxovnis Taobaze informacia administracias werilobiT miewodeba. am muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswi-nebuli piri administracias warudgens axlo naTesaobis damadasturebel dokuments. administracia xanmokle paemnis moTxovnis Taobaze gancxadebis miRebidan ara ug-vianes 5 dRisa uzrunvelyofs xanmokle paemnis organize-bas, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac arsebobs uaris Tqmis motivirebuli safuZveli, ris Taobazedac ganmcxadebeli imave dRes unda iqnas informirebuli342”. kanonmdeblobis ganxilvisas ramdenime saxis paemnis ganmartebas da gamo-yenebis procedurebs, rogoricaa moklevadiani (1-dan or saTamde), saojaxo da xangrZlivi (23 saaTi) paemani. mokle-

341 patimrobis kodeqsi - muxli 17. paemnis ufleba nawili 2;342 patimrobis kodeqsi - muxli 17. paemnis ufleba nawili 5-6;

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vadiani paemnis raodenoba dawesebulebebis tipebis mixed-viT, kanonmdeblobiT Semdegnairadaa daregulirebuli - “dabali riskis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebuleba - 1 Tvis ganmavlobaSi 4 xanmokle paemani, xolo waxalisebis formiT – TveSi 2 damatebiTi xanmokle paemani. naxevrad Ria tipis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebuleba - 1 Tvis ganmavlobaSi 2 xanmokle paemani, xolo waxalisebis for-miT – TveSi 1 damatebiTi xanmokle paemani. daxuruli tipis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebuleba -1 Tvis ganmavloba-Si 1 xanmokle paemani, xolo waxalisebis formiT – TveSi 1 damatebiTi xanmokle paemani. gansakuTrebuli riskis Ta-visuflebis aRkveTis dawesebuleba - 1 Tvis ganmavlobaSi 1 xanmokle paemani, xolo waxalisebis formiT – TveSi 1 da-matebiTi xanmokle paemani.”

qarTul sasjelaRsrulebis sistemis praqtikaSi mo-cemul periodSi qali msjavrdebulebis mimarT moqmedebs saojaxo paemnis instituti, romelic mkveTrad gansxvav-deba mamakaci msjavrdebulebisTvis gankuTvnili paemne-bisgan. Tumca gamoyenebis procedurebi mocemul SemTxve-vaSi srulad identuria, kerZod “qal msjavrdebuls misi werilobiTi Txovnis safuZvelze SeiZleba mieces Svil-Tan, naSvilebTan, gerTan, SviliSvilTan, meuRlesTan, pirTan, romelTanac saerTo Svili hyavs, mSobelTan (mSvi-lebelTan), bebiasTan, papasTan, dasTan da ZmasTan saojaxo paemnis ufleba. braldebuls/msjavrdebuls departamen-tis Tavmjdomaris TanxmobiT SeiZleba mieces im pirebTan saojaxo paemnis ufleba, romlebic gaTvaliswinebuli ar arian am muxlis me-2 nawiliT343”.

paemnebis nawilSi gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda daeTmos xangrZlivi paemnis uflebas, romelic saSuale-bas aZlevs msjavrdebulebs SeinarCunon ojaxTan konta-qti, ar Camocildnen im dadebiTi zemoqmedebis SesaZle-blobas, rasac maT mimarT avlenen ojaxis wevrebi da rac

343 patimrobis kodeqsi - muxli 173. paemnis ufleba nawili 2-21;

172

mniSvnelovnad uwyobs xels msjavrdebulis sazogadoe-baSi efeqturi dabrunebis SesaZleblobas. rac mTavaria ojaxis SenarCunebis SesaZleblobas, rac ama Tu im piris patimrobis SemTxvevaSi xSirad dgeba riskis qveS. xangr-Zlivi paemani iTvaliswinebs 23 saaTis ganmavlobaSi msja-vrdebulis kanoniT gansazRvrul pirebTan erTad cxovre-bis SesaZleblobas dawesebulebis Sesabamisad mowyobil teritoriaze, kerZod “msjavrdebuls misi werilobiTi Txovnis safuZvelze SeiZleba mieces SvilTan, naSvileb-Tan, gerTan, SviliSvilTan, meuRlesTan, pirTan, romel-Tanac saerTo Svili hyavs, mSobelTan (mSvilebelTan), bebiasTan, papasTan, dasTan da ZmasTan xangrZlivi paemnis ufleba. xangrZlivi paemnis moTxovnis Taobaze adminis-tracia werilobiT unda iqnas informirebuli 2 kviriT adre. am muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebulma pirma administracias unda warudginos naTesaobis damadas-turebeli dokumenti. administracia xangrZlivi paemnis moTxovnis Taobaze gancxadebis miRebidan ara ugvianes 2 kvirisa uzrunvelyofs xangrZlivi paemnis organizebas, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac arsebobs uaris Tqmis mo-tivirebuli safuZveli, ris Taobazedac ganmcxadebeli 10 dRis vadaSi unda iqnas informirebuli344.” xangrZlivi paemnis raodenoba dawesebulebebis tipebis mixedviT, ka-nonmdeblobiT Semdegnairadaa daregulirebuli “dabali riskis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebuleba - 1 wlis gan-mavlobaSi 6 xangrZlivi paemani, xolo waxalisebis formiT – weliwadSi 3 damatebiTi xangrZlivi paemani. naxevrad Ria tipis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebuleba - 1 wlis gan-mavlobaSi 3 xangrZlivi paemani, xolo waxalisebis formiT – weliwadSi 2 damatebiTi xangrZlivi paemani. daxuruli tipis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebuleba -1 wlis ganma-vlobaSi 2 xangrZlivi paemani, xolo waxalisebis formiT – weliwadSi 1 damatebiTi xangrZlivi paemani.”

344 patimrobis kodeqsi - muxli 172. paemnis ufleba nawili 2-4;

173

xangrZliv paemnebTan mimarTebaSi kanonmdebloba ad-gens im SemTxvevebis nusxas, rodesac msjavrdebuls erT-meva xangrZlivi paemniT sargeblobis SesaZlebloba, “xan-grZlivi paemani ar eZlevaT gansakuTrebuli riskis Tavi-suflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi ganTavsebul msjavr-debuls, agreTve im msjavrdebuls, romelic aris sakaran-tino reJimSi, dakisrebuli aqvs disciplinuri saxdeli an/da Sefardebuli aqvs administraciuli patimroba.345”

paemnebis nawilSi erT-erT mniSvnelovan komponents warmoadgens im msjavrdebulebisTvis Sexvedris organi-zeba da xelSewyoba, romlebic ar arian saqarTvelos mo-qalaqeebi. garda ojaxis wevrebTan Sexvedrisa am SemTxve-vaSi yuradReba eTmoba maT urTierTobebs TavianTi qvey-nebis diplomatiur dawesebulebebTan da sakonsuloeb-Tan, “braldebuls/msjavrdebuls, romelic ucxo qveynis moqalaqea, ufleba aqvs, SeuzRudavad Sexvdes Tavisi qveynis sakonsulos warmomadgenels an im qveynis ufle-bamosil diplomatiur warmomadgenels, romelic saqar-TveloSi iTavsebs misi qveynis interesebis dacvas. ucxo qveynis moqalaqe da moqalaqeobis armqone braldebulebs/msjavrdebulebs ufleba aqvT, hqondeT urTierTobebi TavianTi qveynebis diplomatiur dawesebulebebTan da sakonsuloebTan. im saxelmwifoTa moqalaqeebs, romleb-sac saqarTveloSi diplomatiuri dawesebulebebi da sakonsuloebi ar gaaCniaT, ufleba aqvT, hqondeT urTier-Tobebi im saxelmwifoTa diplomatiur dawesebulebebTan da sakonsuloebTan, romlebmac sakuTar Tavze aiRes maTi interesebis dacva, an saxelmwifoTaSoris organoebTan, romlebic am pirTa interesebs icaven.346”

braldebulis/msjavrdebulis damcvelTan Sexvedra347 erovnuli kanonmdeblobiT SeiZleba ganvixiloT gare sam-

345 patimrobis kodeqsi - muxli 172. paemnis ufleba nawili 6;346 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 17, paemnis ufleba, nawili 13

347 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 18 iuridiuli daxmareba

174

yarosTan urTierTobis erT-erT Semadgenel komponentad, saqarTvelos patimrobis kodeqsi gansazRvravs Sexvedris standartebs da calsaxad gamoricxavs kontrolis arse-bobas. “braldebuls/msjavrdebuls aqvs damcvelTan yo-velgvari SezRudvisa da Carevis gareSe Sexvedris ufleba. patimrobis/ Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis Ta-namSromlebs SeuZliaT damcvelTan Sexvedras daakvird-nen vizualurad, teqnikuri saSualebiT distanciuri dak-virvebisa da Caweris pirobebSi, magram mosmenis gareSe.”

garda paemnebisa gare samyarosTan urTierTobis saSua-lebad kanonmdebloba aseve ganixilavs, satelefono sau-brebs, amanaTisa da fuladi gzavnilis miReba-gagzavnas, kerZod, aRniSnul komponentebs kanonmdebloba ganixi-lavs, rogorc zogad nawilSi, aseve kerZo nawilSi sadac ganxilulia dawesebulebebi reJimis mixedviT, naxevrad Ria dawesebulebaSi348, daxuruli tipis dawesebulebaSi349, qalTa dawesebulebaSi da arasrulwlovanTa aRmzrdelo-biT dawesebulebaSi. “msjavrdebuli, romelic sasjels ixdis dabali riskis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebule-baSi ufleba aqvs - “1 Tvis ganmavlobaSi sakuTari xarjiT hqondes SeuzRudavi raodenobis satelefono saubari, Ti-Toeuli – araumetes 15 wuTisa, xolo waxalisebis formiT, sakuTari xarjiT − ulimito satelefono saubari350” naxe-vrad Ria tipis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi, ganTavsebul pirs, ufleba aqvs “1 Tvis ganmavlobaSi saku-Tari xarjiT hqondes 4 satelefono saubari, TiToeuli – ara umetes 15 wuTisa, xolo waxalisebis formiT, sakuTari xarjiT − ulimito satelefono saubari, TiToeuli − ara

348 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 62. sasjelis moxdis pirobebi nax-evrad Ria tipis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi

349 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 65. sasjelis moxdis pirobebi dax-uruli tipis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi, punqti 1. qve-punqti- g

350 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 602. dabali riskis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi sasjelis moxdis pirobebi, nawili 2, p-g

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umetes 15 wuTisa351; msjavrdebuli, romelic sasjels ix-dis daxuruli tipis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebule-baSi, ufleba aqvs: “1 Tvis ganmavlobaSi sakuTari xarjiT hqondes 3 satelefono saubari, TiToeuli – ara umetes 15 wuTisa, xolo waxalisebis formiT, sakuTari xarjiT − ulimito satelefono saubari, TiToeuli −ara umetes 15 wuTisa352.” msjavrdebuls, romelic sasjels ixdis gan-sakuTrebuli riskis sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi ufleba aqvs “1 Tvis ganmavlobaSi sakuTari xarjiT hqon-des 1 satelefono saubari araumetes 10 wuTisa, xolo wa-xalisebis formiT, sakuTari xarjiT – 1 satelefono sau-bari – araumetes 10 wuTisa.353”

qarTuli kanonmdebloba ganixilavs braldebulis uflebas satelefono saubrebze “administraciis kon-troliT, sakuTari xarjiT awarmoos mimowera da 1 Tvis ganmavlobaSi 3-jer hqondes satelefono saubari, Ti-Toeuli – ara umetes 15 wuTisa354”. kanonmdebloba asevev adgens satelefono saubrebis ganxorcielebis wessa da pirobebs, raodenoba da kontrolis meqanizmebs “patimro-bis/Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi moTavse-bul braldebulebs/msjavrdebulebs Soris satelefono saubari akrZalulia. satelefono saubari xorcieldeba braldebulis/ msjavrdebulis xarjiT da administraciis kontroliT.”

saerTaSoriso standartebis ganxilvisas ikveTeba gare samyarosTan urTierTobis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba sasjelis moxdis/patimrobis periodSi, magaliTad mini-

351 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 62. sasjelis moxdis pirobebi naxevrad Ria tipis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi, nawili 2, p-g

352 patimrobis kodeqsi muxli 65. sasjelis moxdis pirobebi daxuru-li tipis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi, nawili 2, p-g

353 patimrobis kodeqsi, 663. gansakuTrebuli riskis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi sasjelis moxdis pirobebi, nawili 2, p-g

354 patimrobis kodeqsi muxli 79, braldebulis patimrobis dawese-bulebaSi yofnis pirobebi nawili 1, p-g

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maluri standartebi mniSvnelovan yuradRebas uTmobs gare samyarosTan urTierTobis aucileblobas da gan-sazRvravs355, rom aucilebeli zedamxedvelobis pirobeb-Si patimrebs unda mieceT saSualeba, rom mimowerisa da vizitebis saSualebiT regularuli urTierToba iqonion ojaxebTan da SeubRalavi reputaciis mqone megobrebTan, aRsaniSnavia rom megobrebTan urTierTobis komponents qarTuli kanonmdebloba praqtikulad ar uTmobs yura-dRebas. aseve gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobs ucxoel patimrebTan mimarTebaSi gare samyarosTan urTierTobis mniSvneloba da Taviseburebebi. `ucxoel patimrebs unda SeeqmnaT pirobebi maTi qveynis diplomatiur an sakonsu-lo warmomadgenlebTan urTierTobisTvis. patimrebs, romlebic iseTi qveynebidan arian, romelTac ar gaaCnaT diplomatiuri an sakonsulo warmomadgenloba, agreTve ltolvilebs an moqalaqeobis armqone pirebs, unda eZleo-deT kontaqtebis iseTive saSualeba im qveynis diploma-tiur warmomadgenlobasTan, romelic Tavis Tavze iRebs maTi interesebis dacvas an nebismier erovnul an saerTa-Soriso organizaciasTan, romlis funqciebSic Sedis ase-Ti pirobebis dacva.”

minimaluri standartuli wesebi gare samyarosTan ur-TierTobis komponentSi ganixilavs aseve sainformacio saSualebebis xelmisawvdomobas. “patimrebs unda hqondeT imis saSualeba, rom regularulad gaecnon axali ambebis yvelaze mniSvnelovan nawilebs, gazeTebis, perioduli an specialuri sauwyebo publikaciebis, radios, leqciebis an sxva iseTi saSualebebiT, romlebic nebadarTuli da kontrolirebadia administraciis mier,” aseve esatyvise-ba qarTuli kanonmdebloba, romelic analogiurad uTm-obs yuradRebas patimarTa sainformacio saSualebebiT uzrunvelyofis komponents356, sadac ganmartavs, rogorc

355 gaeros patimrebTan mopyrobis minimaluri standartuli wesebi, kontaqtebi ojaxTan da megobrebTan 37-39

356 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 20. masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi

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radio da tele transliaciis xelmisawvdomobas presiTa da literaturiT sargeblobis standartebs.

evropis penitenciuri wesebis357 ganxilvisas gansxave-bul midgomad SeiZleba ganvixiloT misi damokidebuleba iuridiuli konsultaciisa da garemo pirobebis mowyobas-Tan, aseTi konsultaciisTvis, aseve erT-erTi umTavresi yuradReba wesebSi eTmoba aseTi konsultaciis konfiden-cialobas, rac ufro met mniSvnelobas matebs aseTi saxis konsultaciebis saWiroebas da xarisxs. “yovel patimars aqvs iuridiuli konsultaciis miRebis ufleba da cixis administraciam unda uzrunvelyos saTanado farTi aseTi daxmarebis xelmisawvdomobisTvis. patimrebs sakuTari Se-xedulebisamebr nebismier iuridiul sakiTxze SeuZliaT mimarTon maT mierve SerCeul iurist-konsultants saku-Tari xarjebiT. Tu arsebobs ufaso iuridiuli konsul-taciis programa, cixis administraciam amis Taobaze unda acnobos yvela patimars. konsultaciebi da sxva komuni-kaciebi, aseve, korespondencia samarTlebriv sakiTxebze patimrebs Soris da maTsa da iuridiul konsultantebs Soris unda iyos konfidencialuri. sasamarTlo xelisu-flebas SeuZlia, gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi, SezRudvebi daawesos aseT konfidencialurobaze, seriozuli dana-Saulis an cixis usafrTxoebisa da uSiSroebis darRvevis Tavidan asacileblad. patimrebs xeli unda miuwvdebodeT, an/da TviTon inaxavdnen maTi saqmis samarTalwarmoebas-Tan dakavSirebul dokumentebs.” qarTuli kanonmdebloba evropuli cixis wesebis msgavsad, aseve ganixilavs iuri-diuli konsultaciis xelmisawvdomobas, Tumca mocemul nawilSi Cven ar vxvdebiT aseT detalur ganxilvas da igi ZiriTadad moicavs damcvelis yolis SesaZleblobas da masTan Sexvedrebis ganxorcielebis standartebs358.

357 evropis cixis wesebi 23.1-23.6

358 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 18, iuridiuli daxmareba

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gare samyarosTan kontaqtis359 farglebSi evropis peni-tenciuri wesebi prioritets aniWebs braldebulis/msja-vrdebulis xSir komunikacias gare samyarosTan, aseve ad-gens Tu ra SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba Sexvedrebisa da komunika-ciebis SezRudva, amasTan mniSvnelovania daTqma, romelic adgens erovnuli kanonmdeblobisadmi moTxovnas, rom kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili unda iyos im organoebis zus-ti nusxa, romlebTanac patimars ar SeiZleba SeezRudos Sexvedra. evropuli wesebi aseve xazs usvams msjavrdebu-lis informirebas ojaxTan da sazogadoebaSi mimdinare movlenebTan dakavSirebiT, raTa moxdes maTi integracia sazogadoebaSi. “patimrebs nebarTva unda mieceT, rac Sei-Zleba xSirad iqonion urTierToba weriliT, telefoniT Tu komunikaciis sxva saSualebiT TavianT ojaxebTan, sxva pirebTan da gare organizaciebis warmomadgenlebTan, ase-ve, daeniSnoT paemnebi am adamianebTan. komunikaciebi da paemnebi SeiZleba daeqvemdebaros SezRudvebs da monito-rings, romelic saWiro iqneba sisxlis samarTlis gamoZie-bis gasagrZeleblad, wesrigis SesanarCuneblad, usafr-Txoebisa da uSiSroebis uzrunvelsayofad da sisxlis sa-marTlis danaSaulTa aRsakveTad, danaSaulis msxverplTa dasacavad. magram sasamarTlo xelisuflebis mier dawese-buli aseTi SezRudvebi, maT Soris konkretuli SezRud-vebi, mainc unda akmayofilebdes kontaqtis dasaSveb mini-malur dones.”

mniSvnelovania evropis cixis wesebis daTqma, romelic avaldebulebs saxelmwifoebs, rom - “erovnuli kanonm-debloba unda akonkretebdes erovnul da saerTaSoriso organoebs da Tanamdebobis pirebs, romlebTanac komuni-kacia patimrebs ar unda SeezRudoT.”

erovnuli kanonmdeblobisgan mniSvnelovan gansxvave-bas vxvdebiT saerTaSoriso praqtikis ganxilvisas, maga-liTad, irlandiis praqtikaSi mniSvnelovani adgili eT-

359 evropis cixis wesebi 24.1-24.09

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moba Sexvedrebis raodenobas360, rogorc 18 wlamde aseve 18 welze zeviT asakis msjavrdebulebis mimarT, aseve aR-saniSnavia iseTi gansxvavebuli praqtika, rogorcaa mego-brebTan urTierTobas. gansakuTrebiT yuradRebas ipyr-obs im msjavrdebulebisadmi damokidebuleba, romlebsac ara yavT naTesavebi da megobrebi da romlebic saWiroe-ben gare samyaros warmomadgenlebTan Sexvedras. “yovel msjavrdebuls, romelic miRweulia 18 wlis asaks ufleba aqvs hqondes aranakleb erTi Sexvedrisa kviraSi naTes-avebTan da megobrebTan, aranakleb 30 wuTis xangrZlivo-biT. msjavrdebuls, romelsac ar miuRwevia 18 wlis asaks unda hqondes aranakleb 2 Sexvedra kviraSi naTesavebTan da megobrebTan, aranakleb 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT.” yu-radReba unda mieqces miusjeli patimrebis Sexvedrebis organizebas, sadac qarTuli praqtikisgan gansxvavebiT ar Cans raime gansakuTrebuli saWiroeba specialuri nebar-Tvis miRebisa sagamoZiebo an sasamarTlo organoebisgan “miusjel patimars unda hqondes TiTo Sexvedra yovel dRe naTesavebTan da megobrebTan 15 wuTis xangrZlivobiT kviraSi 6 dRe, sadac es praqtikulad SesaZlebelia, magram sadac SesaZlebeli ar aris aranakleb 3 dReSi erTxel.”

mocemuli qveynis praqtikaSi saintereso midgomebs vxvdebiT administraciis uflebamosilebis ganxilvisas, rodesac maT aqvT ufleba miscen pirs damatebiTi paemani an SeuzRudos maT aseTi ufleba, sadac mTavar komponents warmoadgens mizani, risTvisac direqtors SeuZlia miiRos aseTi gadawyvetileba, “direqtors ufleba aqvs darTos neba: msjavrdebuls miiRos minimalurze meti raodenobis an xangrZlivobis paemani, is Tu Tvlis, rom es sasargebloa misi reabilitaciisa da keTildReobisTvis; Sinaganawe-sis, usafrTxoebisa da dacvis interesebidan gamomdina-re SezRudos msjavrdebulis mier dasaxelebul pirebTan

360 Statutory instruments, S.I. No. 252 of 2007, ~Prison Rules”. Published by the stationery office Dublin To be purchased directly from the Governement Publications Office

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Sexvedra. SezRudos mnaxvelTa raodenoba arumetes 3 pi-risa.”

absoluturad gansxvavebulia midgoma gare samyaros-Tan urTierTobis komponentSi im patimrebTan mimarTeba-Si, romlebsac ar hyavT axlo naTesavebi an megobrebi, am SemTxvevaSi kanonmdebloba aZlevT maT garkveul SesaZle-blobas ar iyos izolirebuli gare samyarosgan da ar hqon-des gariyulobis SegrZneba “msjavrdebuls, romelsac na-Tesavebi an megobrebi ar hyavs da survili aqvs Sexvedris, amis Sesaxeb unda mimarTos administracias werilobiT, sadac mocemuli unda iyos detaluri informacia vizitis miznebis Sesaxeb, aseTi Sexvedra SeiZleba iyos nebadarTu-li Tu arsebobs Semdegi pirobebi, romelic mxedvelobaSi iqneba miRebuli: arsebobs SeTanxmeba aseTi Sexvedris Se-saxeb; msjavrdebulis interesebidan gamomdinare; Sinaga-nawesis dacvis, usafrTxoebisa da dacvis interesebidan gamomdinare an/da Tu aucilebloba gamomdinareobs: ga-moZiebis da saqmis ineteresebidan gamomdinare, danaSau-lis prevenciis, danaSaulis Tavidan acilebis an gamovle-nis xelSewyobis mizniT; Tu nebismieri piri imyofeba SiSis an riskis qveS; mZime danaSauli an stresi, romelic gamow-veuli iyo msxverplis an msxverplis ojaxis wevrebis mi-marT danaSaulis gamo, romlisTvisac msjavrdebuli aris gasamarTlebuli; samarTlebrivi qmedebis dawyeba mesame mxaris mimarT; erovnuli usafrTxoebis interesebidan ga-momdinare; sxva pirebis uflebebisa da Tavisuflebis da-rRveva da sxva msjavrdebuli araa valdebuli miiRos me-9 punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli Sexvedrebi.”

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad irlandiis praqtika ganixilavs videozaris361 uflebas da tarifebs. “rodesac arsebobs Sesabamisi pirobebi da praqtika admi-nistracias SeuZlia, rogorc vizitis alternativa misces ufleba msjavrdebuls da dawesebulebis gareT myof pirs

361 iqve

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iqonion komunikacia videozaris saSualebiT.”irlandiis gansxavebuli praqtika yuradRebas ipyr-

obs werilebis362 gagzavnis nawilSi, rodesac ganixilavs werilebis sxva pirebTan gagzavnis praqtikas Tavisi qo-nebis marTvis an biznes interesebidan gamomdinare da ucxoel patimrebTan mimarTebaSi. “miusjel patimrebs garda ojaxis wevrebisa SeuZliaT damatebiT gaagzavnon da miiRon werilebi sxva pirebTan Tavisi qonebis marTvis an biznes interesebidan gamomdinare. msjavrdebuli, ro-melic agzavnis 7-ze met werils kviraSi, SesaZlebelia moeTxovos gagzavnis xarjebisa da saweri saSualebebis Tanxis anazRaureba. ucxoel msjavrdebulebs da msjavr-debulebs, romlebic msjavrdebuli arian Tanxis gadauxe-delobis gamo SeuZliaT gaagzavnon damatebiT werilebi im pirebTan, visTanac Sexvedris ufleba aqvT.”

satelefono zaris nawilSi irlandiis kanonmdebloba aseve cal-calke ganixilavs midgomas msjavrdebulebTan, romlebic ar arian miRweuli 18 wels da romlebsac Seu-sruldaT 18 weli, ris mixedviTac ganixilavs zarebis pe-riodulobas da xangrZlivobas. mniSvnelovania, rom sate-lefono zarebis SemTxvevaSic irlandiis kanonmdebloba Sexvedrebis analogiurad ganixilavs satelefono zare-bis uflebas.

mniSvnelovania saqarTvelosgan gansxvavebuli praqti-ka, romelic irlandiis kanonmdeblobaSi gvxvdeba, sadac saubaria SemTxvevaze, rodesac Sexvedra xdeba msjavrde-bulTan an braldebulTan, romelic braldebuli/msjavr-debulia Tanxis gadauxdelobis an gadasaxadis gadauxde-lobis gamo, miuxedavad imisa pirs gadasaxadi dakisrebu-li hqonda sisxlissamarTlebrivi Tu samoqalaqo samarT-lebrivi wesiT, aseT SemTxvevaSi kanonmdebloba uSvebs SesaZleblobas msjavrdebuli/braldebuli nebismier gonivrul dros Sexvdes misTvis sasurvel pirs Tu Sex-

362 iqve

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vedris mizani dakavSirebulia Tanxis gadaxdasTan, aseTi Sexvedra kontroldeba cixis oficrebis mier Tu adminis-traciis mxridan gamonaklisis saxiT sxva gadawyvetileba ar iqna miRebuli.

rac Sexeba samarTlebriv daxmarebasTan dakavSirebiT damcvelTan Sexvedras gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmo-ba im garemoebas, rom Sexvedra SesaZlebelia Sedges nebis-mier gonivrul dros cixis oficris mxolod vizualuri dakvirvebis reJimSi, Tu msjavrdebuli/braldebuli an vi-zitori sxva rames ar moiTxovs.

gare samyarosTan urTierTobis nawilSi estoneTis praqtikis ganxilvisas gansxvavebul midgomas vxvdebiT imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom SesaZlebelia daiSvas paemanze momsvleli piris Secvla363, aseve aRsaniSnavia grZelvadia-ni paemnebisadmi midgoma, roca igi SinaganawesiT gansazR-vrulia, rogorc 24 saaTiani Sexvedra, magram dasaSvebad ganixileba ufro grZelvadiani Sexvedra. “moklevadian paemanze mnaxveli unda daregistrirdes 5 dRiT adre an telefoniT an elfostiT, an msjavrdebulma unda warad-ginos werilobiTi gancxadeba. paemnis gadadebis an paema-naze momsvleli piris Secvlis SemTxvevaSi msjavrdebulma unda acnobos cixis administracias minimum 2 dRiT adre. telefoniT da elfostiT daregistrireba SesaZlebelia gansazRvrul dReebSi. grZelvadiani paemani xorcieldeba gansazRvrul dReebSi 12:00 da meore dRis 12:00 saaTamde, SesaZlebelia gamonaklisis saxiT daiSvas ufro grZelva-diani paemani.”

yuradRebas ipyrobs paemnaze mosuli piris paemanze ar daSvebis safuZlebis arseboba, romelic mniSvnelovania, rogorc paemnis normalurad ganxorcilebis uzrunvel-sayofad, aseve dawesebulebis usafrTxoebis interesebi-dan gamomdinare “paemanze ar daiSveba piri, romelzec ar-sebobs eWvi, rom imyofeba alkoholuri Trobis qveS, nar-

363 Правила внутреннего распорядка Вируской тюрьмы, Утверждено Приказом директора Вируской тюрьмы, № 1-1/19 от 30 23.01.2013 г. ЙЫХВИ, - 13.

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kotikuli an fsiqotropuli saSualebebis zemoqmedebis qveS, an romelic ar emorCileba cixis TanamSromlis ka-nonier moTxovnebs, an mimarTavs cixis TanamSromels Seu-racxmyofeli sityvebiT, emuqreba, upativcemulo sityve-biT mimarTavs, an Sinaganawesis gacnobis Semdeg cdilobs paemanze Seitanos akrZaluli nivTebi. cixes aqvs ufleba Sewyvitos paemani (advokatTan Sexvedris garda), Tu Sex-vedris mimdinareobis dros irRveva cixis Sinaganawesi, an safrTxe eqmneba cixis usafrTxoebas. aqvs ufleba Seamow-mos msjavrdebulis da mnaxvelis yofna paemanze da maTi mdgomareoba.”

rac Seexeba telefonis zars364, estoneTis praqtikaSi gansxvavebulia midgomebi zaris ganxorcielebis proce-durebTan dakavSirebiT, romelic aseve Sida sistemaSic gansxvavebulia (daxurul da Ria ganyofilebebSi). aseve gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobs SemTxvevebi, rodesac msjavrdebuls/braldebuls SezRuduli aqvs komunikacia ama Tu im pirTan. “daxurul ganyofilebaSi - msjavrde-buls ufleba aqvs mimarTos telefonze darekvis survi-liT cixis TanamSromels. gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos saxeli, gvari saknis nomeri da gancxadebis wardgenis TariRi. gancxadebaSi SeiZleba mieTiTos nomeri da mizezi. gancxadebis safuZvelze zari ganxorcieldeba meore dRes. msjavrdebuli, romelsac kontaqtebi SezRuduli aqvs gancxadeba unda waradginos araugvianes wina dRisa. gancxadebaSi garda piradi monacemebisa msjavrdebulma unda miuTiTos saxelebi da telefonis nomrebi im pirebi-sa, romelTanac saubari surs. cixe amowmebs monacemebis sandoobas. Tu gamoirkva, rom msjavrdebulma warmoadgi-na telefonis nomeri pirisa, romelTanac saubris ufleba mas ara aqvs, satelefono zaris organizatori arkvevs mi-zezs, uxsnis msjavrdebuls uaris mizezs da uars eubneba

364 Правила внутреннего распорядка Вируской тюрьмы, Утверждено Приказом директора Вируской тюрьмы, № 1-1/19 от 30 23.01.2013 г. ЙЫХВИ, - 13.9

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zarze. Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi cixis TanamSromeli krefs sasurvel nomers”.

Ria dawesebulebaSi gansxvavebul midgomebs vxvdebiT saxelmwifo dawesebulebebSi darekvisas da administra-ciis informirebis sakiTxSi ganxorcielebul zarebTan mimarTebaSi - “Ria dawesebulebaSi msjavrdebulebs da-rekvis ufleba eZlevaT dRis ganrigiT dadgenil dros, Tu msjavrdebuls surs darekva sxva saaTebSi saxelmwifo dawesebulebaSi, adgilobriv TviTTmarTvelobaSi an ad-vokatTan, am SemTxvevaSi an dasabuTebuli gancxadeba unda warudginos administracias darekvis wina dRes. msjavrde-bulma cixis zedamxedvels saRamos Semowmebisas unda wa-rudginos (garda braldebulisa) werilobiTi monacemebi darekili nomrebis Sesaxeb, romelic man ganaxorciela dRis ganmavlobaSi.”

estoneTis praqtikis ganxilvisas gare samyarosTan urTierTobis nawilSi vxvdebiT moklevadian gasvlas da gayvanas365, rodesac msjavrdebuls moklevadiani gasvlis drois garda sxva kontrolis saSualebebisa evaleba war-moadginos mTeli gasvlis periodis gegma da sakontaq-to informacia yvela im pirebisa, visTanac SesaZlebelia msjavrdebuls hqondes Sexvedra, raTa cixis administra-cias hqondes sruli kontrolis meqanizmebi. rac Seexeba moklevadian gayvanas aq mniSvnelovania, resocializaciis mizniT piris gayvanis SesaZlebloba, rodesac administra-cias SuamdgomlobiT mimarTavs is TanamSromeli, rome-lic axorcielebs msjavrdebulis gayvanas. “moklevadian gasvlaze gancxadebis gakeTeba SeuZlia mxolod msjavr-debuls, rasac Tan unda daurTos gasvlis gegma, gancxade-ba SeuZlia waradginos TveSi erTxel. gancxadebis Setana unda moxdes 5 dRiT adre. gancxadebaSi unda mieTiTos Zi-riTadi monacemebi, moculobiTi da dasabuTebuli yoveli moTxovili dRis gegma, misamarTi, sadac msjavrdebuli

365 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 14. moklevadiani gasvla da gayvana

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ZiriTadad iqneba, zusti misamarTebi pirebisa da dawese-bulebebisa, romelic unda moinaxulos, aseve telefonis nomrebi. arasruli monacemebi, romelic cixis adminis-tracias ar aZlevs saSualebas gaakontrolos msjavrde-bulis gadaadgileba an mizani gaugebaria, SesaZlebelia iyos uaris safuZveli. gasvlis mTeli drois ganmavlobaSi msjavrdebuli unda iyos xelmisawvdomi kontaqtisTvis gasvlis nebarTvaze miTiTebul misamarTze gansazRvrul droebSi, raTa cixis administracias da policias misi Se-mowmebis SesaZlebloba mieces. msjavrdebuli valdebulia gasvlis ganmavlobaSi dadgenil dros moaxsenos informa-cia cixis warmomadgenels garda gamonaklisi SemTxvevebi-sa da gegmis an sacxovreblis Secvlis SemTxvevaSi msjavr-debulma dauyovnebliv unda acnobos cixis moriges.”

rac Seexeba mimoweras da safosto gzavnilebs366 aqac es-toneTis praqtikaSi vxvdebiT radikalurad gansxvavebul midgomebs. “msjavrdebuls ufleba aqvs yovedRe gadasces administracias TiTo konverti, romelic egzavneba admi-nistraciis xarjebiT. cixis xarjebiT igzavneba werilebi adamianis uflebaTa kanclers, administracias, preziden-tis kancelarias, prokurors, gamomZiebels an prokurors. garda zemoT aRniSnulisa werilebi igzavneba msjavrdebu-lis xarjebiT. msjavrdebuls, romelsac bolo 6 Tvis gan-mavlobaSi pirad angariSze ar hqonda 12,78 evro da aseve cixes misTvis ar SeuTavazebia samuSao SeiZleba mieces dReSi 1 Tabaxis furceli yovel cixis xarjze gasagzavn werilze. msjavrdebuli (garda braldebulisa), romelmac uari ganacxada muSaobaze, saweri furceli ar gadaecema.”

saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba cnobs gare samyarosTan urTierTobis kidev erT saxes sasjelaRsrulebis dawese-bulebidan xanmokle gasvlis uflebas, rac regulirdeba patimrobis kodeqsiT, xanmokle gasvlis ufleba vrcelde-ba sasjelis garkveuli periodis moxdis Semdeg da aZlevs

366 Правила внутреннего распорядка Вируской тюрьмы, Утверждено Приказом директора Вируской тюрьмы, № 1-1/19 от 30 23.01.2013 г. ЙЫХВИ, - 15.

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saSualebas msjavrdebuls icxovros ojaxTan erTad gark-veuli periodis ganmavlobaSi weliwadSi - “msjavrdebuls, romelic sasjels ixdis naxevrad Ria tipis dawesebuleba-Si da romlis mimarTac ar moqmedebs disciplinuri saxde-li an administraciuli patimroba, ufleba aqvs, weliwadSi orjer isargeblos Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebule-bis gareT xanmokle gasvlis uflebiT. arasrulwlovnebs, agreTve fexmZime qalebs da 3 wlamde bavSvebis dedebs ufleba aqvT, weliwadSi samjer isargeblon Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis gareT xanmokle gasvlis ufle-biT. xanmokle gasvlis xangrZlivoba ar unda aRematebo-des 5 dRes, romelSic Sedis msjavrdebulis daniSnulebis adgilamde mgzavrobis droc 367”

xanmokle gasvlis sakiTxis ganxilvisas administracia yuradRebas amaxvilebs msjavrdebulis pirovnebaze da misi sandoobis xarisxze “Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawese-bulebis gareT xanmokle gasvlis Suamdgomlobis ganxil-visas mxedvelobaSi miiReba: msjavrdebulis pirovneba; ojaxuri mdgomareoba; msjavrdebulis mier Cadenili da-naSaulis simZime; daniSnulebis adgili; sxva mniSvnelova-ni garemoebebi, romlebic dadebiTad an uaryofiTad axa-siaTebs msjavrdebuls.”

aRsaniSnavia uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebebis arsebobis savaldebulo xasiaTi, pirisaTvis xanmokle gasvlis ne-barTvis gacemisas, rac xSir SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia Se-maferxebel xasiaTsac atarebdes “Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis gareT xanmokle gasvlis Suamdgomlobis ganxilvisas departamentis Tavmjdomares SeuZlia gamoi-yenos Semdegi uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebebi: girao – ara-nakleb 2000 larisa; piradi Tavdeboba; eleqtronuli kon-trolis (monitoringis) saSualeba. SesaZlebelia Tavisu-flebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis gareT xanmokle gasvlis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebaTa erTad gamoyeneba. Tavisu-

367 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 27. msjavrdebulis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis gareT xanmokle gasvla

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flebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis gareT xanmokle gasvlis vada Sedis sasjelis moxdis saerTo vadaSi. “

xanmokle gasvlis uflebis gamoyeneba SeiZleba CaiTva-los erT-erT umniSvnelovanes faqtorad msjavrdebulis gaTavisuflebis Semdgom sazogadoebaSi integrirebis-Tvis.

gare samyarosTan nebismieri saxiT urTierToba, Tu is ar ewinaaRmdegeba kanonmdeblobiT dadgenil normebs warmoadgens umTavres gzas msjavrdebulis sazogadoeba-Si dabrunebisa da sazogadoebaSi efeqturi integraciis-Tvis.

6.7 ufleba masobrivi informaciis saSualebebze

masobrivi informaciis xelmisawvdomoba unda ganvixi-loT, rogorc sajelis moxdis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi komponenti, romelic xels uwyobs patimris gare samyaros-Tan uwyvet kontaqts, mis informirebulebas gare sazoga-doebaSi mimdinare movlenebis Sesaxeb, rac mniSvnelovani komponentia misi gaTavisuflebis Semdgom sazogadoebaSi damkvidrebisTis.

sainformacio xelmisawvdomobaze saubrobs endrou koli wignSi368 “penitenciuri sistemis marTva adamianis uflebaTa poziciidan” TavSi sakiTxavi literaturis, te-leviziisa da radios xelmisawvdomoba “patimrebs unda SeeZloT, Tvalyuri miadevnon samyaroSi mimdinare movle-nebs. aRniSnuli kavSiri gare samyarosTan uzrunvelyo-fs imas, rom patimari ar gaucxovdes im gare samyarosgan, sadac mas mouwevs dabruneba gaTavisuflebis Semdeg. am mizniT, patimars xeli unda miuwvdebodes wignebze, gaze-Tebze, Jurnalebsa Tu televizorze.

saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba masobrivi informaciis


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saSualebebis xelmisawvdomobasTan dakavSirebiT me-20 muxlSi “masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi”369 uSvebs ra-dio da tele-translaciebis, intranetiT sargeblobis Se-saZleblobas, aseve Jurnal-gazeTebisa da publikaciebis gamoweris SesaZleblobas. adgens pirTa kategorias, visac ar eZleva aRniSnuli sainformacio saSualebebiT sarge-blobis ufleba370. “ braldebuls/msjavrdebuls aqvs pre-sis gacnobisa da masobrivi informaciis sxva saSualebaTa gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba. patimrobis/Tavisuflebis aR-kveTis dawesebulebaSi, rogorc wesi, xdeba radio da te-letranslacia. patimrobis/Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawe-sebulebaSi, garda gansakuTrebuli riskis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebisa, aseve SesaZlebelia intranetiT sargebloba. braldebuls/msjavrdebuls, garda samar-too sakanSi moTavsebuli braldebulisa/msjavrdebuli-sa, SesaZlebelia mieces radiotranslaciis mosmenisa da teletranslaciis naxvis ufleba samuSaosgan Tavisufal dros, Sesabamisi dawesebulebis debulebiT dadgenili we-siT. braldebuls/msjavrdebuls an braldebulTa/msja-vrdebulTa jgufs administraciis TanxmobiT, dawesebu-lebis tipiT gaTvaliswinebuli SezRudvebis Sesabamisad, SeiZleba hqondes piradi radiomimRebi da televizori, Tu maTi gamoyeneba ar arRvevs patimrobis/Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis debulebis moTxovnebs da sxva braldebulTa/ msjavrdebulTa simSvides. man aRniSnuli teqnika SeiZleba SeiZinos Tavisi xarjiT an miiRos amana-Tis saxiT.”

kanonmdebloba ganmartavs Tu rodis aqvs administra-cias ufleba CamoarTvas msjavrdebuls televizori an radiomimRebi, aseve kanonmdebloba ganmartavs CamorT-meuli nivTebis Senaxvisa da gadacemis wesebs “debulebis

369 patimrobis kodeqsi - muxli 20. masobrivi informaciis saSuale-bebi, p 2

370 saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli dax-marebis sakiTxTa ministris brZaneba №97 - 2011 wlis 30 maisi

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moTxovnebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi administracia ufle-bamosilia CamoarTvas braldebuls/ msjavrdebuls teqni-ka da gadasces mis axlo naTesavs. braldebuls/msjavrde-buls SeuZlia sakuTari saxsrebiT, gonivruli odenobiT gamoiweros samecniero, samecniero-popularuli, reli-giuri da mxatvruli literatura, Jurnal-gazeTebi, mii-Ros saweri saSualebebi, garda ministris brZanebiT gaTva-liswinebuli akrZaluli nivTebisa371.”

saerTaSoriso standartebis ganxilvisas, sainforma-cio saSualebebTan xelmisawvdomobis nawilSi vxvdebiT zogadad mwir informacias da Sesabamisad, farTo areali misi gamoyenebis standartebTn dakavSirebiT ar gvxvdeba, magaliTad, gaeros minimalur standartul wesebSi372 vxv-debiT ganmartebas imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom patimrebs unda hqondeT sinformacio saSualebebis xelmisawvdo-moba, rac uzrunvelyofs maTTvis informaciis miRebas. ”patimrebs unda hqondeT imis saSualeba, rom regularu-lad gaecnon axali ambebis yvelaze mniSvnelovan nawilebs, gazeTebis, perioduli an specialuri sauwyebo publi-kaciebis, radios, leqciebis an sxva iseTi saSualebebiT, romlebic nebadarTuli da kontrolirebadia administra-ciis mier373.”

evropis penitenciuri wesebi informaciis nawilSi374 ganixilavs msjavrdebulis informirebas dawesebuleba-Si miRebis dros, aseve samarTalwarmoebisa da saproceso mimdinareobisa da sxva sakiTxebis Sesaxeb informirebas. aseve, wesebi ganixilavs gansxvavebul midgomebs patimris gare samyaroSi mimdinare movlenebis Sesaxeb informaciis xelmisawvdomobasTan dakavSirebiT, rom patimrebs unda

371 patimrobis kodeqsi - muxli 20. masobrivi informaciis saSuale-bebi, p 4

372 gaeros patimrebTan mopyrobis minimaluri standartuli wesebi, - wesi 39

373 iqve

374 evropis cixis wesebi - Tavi informacia wesi 30.1 -30.3; 24.10 24.12

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mieceT saSualeba, regularulad Seityon sazogadoebrivi saqmeebis Sesaxeb, isargeblon sainformacio saSualebebiT da hqondeT masmediis saSualebebTan urTierToba. “miRe-bisas da Semdgom, saWiroebisamebr, patimrebs xSirad unda ecnoboT werilobiT da zepirad, maTTvis gasageb enaze, TavianTi uflebebis, movaleobebisa da cixis discipli-nis maregulirebeli wesebis Sesaxeb. patimrebs unda mie-ceT saSualeba, sakuTrebaSi iqonion maTTvis miwodebuli informaciis werilobiTi versia. patimrebs unda mieceT saSualeba, regularulad Seityon sazogadoebrivi saqmee-bis Sesaxeb da amisTvis gamoiweron da ikiTxon gazeTebi, perioduli gamocemebi da sxva publikaciebi, mousminon radios an satelevizio gadacemebs, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac sasamarTlo xelisuflebis mier, garkveuli pe-riodis ganmavlobaSi, individualur SemTxvevaSi, konkre-tuli akrZalvaa dawesebuli375.”

mniSvnelovania evropuli cixis wesebis midgoma masme-diasTan patimris urTierTobis saWiroebasTan dakavSi-rebiT, romelic mkveTrad gansxvavdeba qarTuli kanonm-deblobis midgomebisgan, romelic calsaxad gamoricxavs patimris masmediasTan urTerTobis SesaZleblobas, maga-liTad “patimrebs unda mieceT masmediasTan urTierTobis nebarTva, Tuki ar arsebobs aseTi komunikaciis akrZalvis angariSgasawevi mizezi usafrTxoebisa da uSiSroebis mo-sazrebidan gamomdinare, romelic ganpirobebulia sazo-gadoebrivi interesiT, aseve, dazaralebulis Tu sxva pa-timrebis an personalis dacvis interesebiT376.”

rac Seexeba saerTaSoriso praqtikas, am SemTxvevaSi ganvixilavT estoneTis praqtikas, sadac ZiriTadi yura-dReba eTmoba sainformacio saSualebebis gamoweras377, aseve regulaciebiT gansazRvrulia radiosa da televizi-

375 evrpis cixis wesebi - Tavi informacia wesi 24.10

376 evrpis cixis wesebi - Tavi informacia wesi 24.12

377 Правила внутреннего распорядка Вируской тюрьмы, Утверждено Приказом директора Вируской тюрьмы, № 1-1/19 от 30 23.01.2013 г. ЙЫХВИ, - 15.3.

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is gamoyenebis saaTebi. “imisTvis, rom gamoiweros perio-duli gamocemebi msjavrdebulma gancxadebiT unda mimar-Tos administracias, sadac miTiTebulia romeli gamocema unda gamoiweros, aseve miuTiTebs Tanxmobas misi angariSi-dan Tanxis gamoyenebis Taobaze. Tavisi saxsrebiT SekveTi-li gazeTebi an/da Jurnalebi msjavrdebuls eZleva cixis TanamSromlis meSveobiT. sakabelo televizia, sakanSi da-montaJebuli radio da ganaTeba saknebSi irTveba 6:00 dan 22:00 saaTamde.”

patimarTa sainformacio saSualebebis xelmisawvdo-moba SesaZlebelia ganvixiloT adamianis uflebaTa evro-pis konvenciis378 me-10 muxlis farglebSi, sadac evropis konvencia ganmartavs informaciis gavrcelebisa da mi-Rebis xelmisawvdomobas “yvelas aqvs ufleba gamoxatvis Tavisuflebisa. es ufleba moicavs piris Tavisuflebas, hqondes Sexedulebebi, miiRos an gaavrcelos informa-cia Tu mosazrebebi sajaro xelisuflebis Caurevlad da saxelmwifo sazRvrebis miuxedavad.”

konvenciis me-10 muxli saxelmwifos aseve aZlevs Se-saZleblobas, informaciis miReba an/da gavrceleba daeq-vemdebaros SezRudvebs, amdenad es calsaxad uTiTebs Tu ra SemTxvevaSi unda iyos SezRuduli informaciis miReba an/da gavrceleba, sadac SezRudvis ganmapirobebel faq-torad ar gvxvdeba patimroba, Tu amisTvis sxva garemoe-bebi ar arsebobs “am TavisuflebaTa ganxorcieleba, ram-denadac is ganuyofelia Sesabamisi valdebulebisa da pa-suxismgeblobisgan, SeiZleba daeqvemdebaros iseT wesebs, pirobebs, SezRudvebs an sanqciebs, romlebic gaTvaliswi-nebulia kanoniT da aucilebelia demokratiul sazoga-doebaSi erovnuli uSiSroebis, teritoriuli mTlianobis an sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis interesebisTvis, uwes-rigobisa Tu danaSaulis aRsakveTad, janmrTelobis an moralis dacvis mizniT, sxvaTa reputaciis an uflebebis

378 adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis konvecia romi, 1950 wlis 4 noemberi, muxli 10, gamoxatvis Tavisufleba,

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dasacavad, saidumlod miRebuli informaciis gamJRavne-bis Tavidan asacileblad an sasamarTlo xelisuflebis av-toritetisa da miukerZoeblobis uzrunvelsayofad.”

6.8 ganaTlebis ufleba

“aravis SeiZleba aRekveTos ganaTlebis ufleba!379” adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia ganaT-

lebis uflebas ganixilavs, rogorc yvelasTvis Tana-bar uflebas da ganmartavs, rom “yvelas aqvs ganaTlebis ufleba”, ganurCevlad nebismieri statusisa, aseve dekla-racia ganmartavs Tu ra miznisken unda iyos mimarTuli ga-naTlebis procesi “”ganaTleba mimarTuli unda iyos ada-mianis pirovnebis srulyofili ganviTarebisken da ada-mianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa pativiscemis ganmtkicebisken.380” aRniSnuli midgoma gansakuTrebiT maRalmoTxovnad saWiroebad unda ganvixiloT kanonTan konfliqtSi myof pirebTan mimarTebaSi, raTa maT ganuvi-TardeT pativiscema sazogadoebisadmi da orientacia ai-Ron maT pirovnul ganviTarebaze.

endrou koili sainteresod aRwers patimarTa ganaT-lebasTan dakaSirebiT Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebs da ganmartavs cixeSi ganaTlebis mniSvnelobas da motivacias, Tu ratom SeiZleba dauTmos ganaTlebas dro patimarma – “cixeSi myof bevr adamians “ ganaTlebis dabali done aqvs. didma nawilma ar icis wera-kiTxva. inglissa da uelsSi Ca-tarebuli kvleva aCvenebs, rom patimarTa 65% is ganaTle-ba ar aris is, rac Cveulebriv moeTxoveba 11 wlis bavSvs, xolo saerTo mosaxleobis SemTxvevaSi, es procentuli maCvenebeli 23%-ze dabalia. ganaTlebis dabalma donem, savaraudod, gavlena moaxdina maT cxovrebaze cixeSi mos-vlamde da SeiZleba maT mier danaSaulis CadenaSic didi

379 adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvis konvenciis damatebiTi oqmi, parizi 20 marti 1952 weli

380 adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, muxli 26

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roli iTamaSa. samwuxarod realobaa, magram zogi adamia-nisTvis TviT cixeSi yofnis faqti da is, rom garkveuli vadis ganmavlobaSi erT adgilas uwevs drois gatareba, warmoadgens pirvel realur SesaZleblobas, xeli mihyos saTanado ganaTlebis SeZenas381.”

saqarTvelos konstitucia, deklaraciis Sesabamisad yvela pirs ganurCevlad misi statusisa aZlevs ganaTlebis uflebas “yvelas aqvs ganaTlebis miRebisa da misi formis arCevis ufleba.” Sesabamisad avaldebulebs saxelmwifos, rom arsebuli ganaTlebis sistema iyos SesabamisobaSi saerTaSoriso standartebTan “saxelmwifo uzrunvelyo-fs saganmanaTleblo programebis Sesabamisobas saerTa-Soriso wesebTan da standartebTan.” cixeSi ganaTlebis sistemis daregulirebasTan mimarTebaSi mniSvnelovania konstituciiT dadgenili wesi sabazo ganTlebasTan mimar-TebaSi “saxelmwifo Tavis xarjze uzrunvelyofs sabazo ganaTlebas.” mocemuli daTqma gansakuTrebul mniSvne-lobas iZens imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom saqarTvelos peni-tenciur sistemaSi imyofeba araerTi piri, romelsac ara aqvs sabaziso ganaTleba da misi saWiroeba mkveTrad ga-moxatulia, rogorc arasrulwlovanTa ise srulwlovan patimarTaTvis.

msjavrdebulTa ganaTlebis uflebasTan dakavSirebiT mniSvnelovan midgomas vxvdebiT saqarTvelos patimrobis kodeqsSi, Tumca aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom kanonmdebloba saerTod ar saubrobs braldebulTa umaRlesi ganaTle-bis miRebis procedurebze da xelSewyobaze, arcerT eta-pze. kerZod, qarTuli kanonmdebloba calke Tavs uTmobs msjavrdebulTa ganaTlebas382, sadac ganxilulia, rom dawesebulebaSi unda Seiqmnas pirobebi zogadi da profe-

381 e. koili, penitenciuri sistemis marTva adamianis uflebaTa poziciidan – saxelmZRvanelo penitenciuri sistemis TanamSromel-TaTvis, Tbilisi, 2007, gv 98

382 patimrobis kodeqsi, Tavi XVIII - msjavrdebulTa ganaTleba - mux-li 113

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siuli ganaTlebis misaRebad, aseve ganixilavs biblioTe-kis rols, rogorc msjavrdebulTa ganaTlebis erT-erT komponents. kanonmdebloba avaldebulebs sasjelaRs-rulebis dawesebulebis administracias Seqmnas pirobebi da xeli Seuwyos dawesebulebaSi ganaTlebis miRebas. “Ta-visuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis administracia val-debulia Seqmnas pirobebi, raTa msjavrdebulebma miiRon zogadi da profesiuli ganaTleba.” aqve adgili eTmoba biblioTekis, rols da misi mowyobis savaldebuloobas “Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis administracia valdebulia dawesebulebaSi moawyos biblioTeka, romel-Sic unda iyos rogorc saganmanaTleblo literatura, ise msjavrdebulTaTvis gasageb enaze Tavisuflebis aRkve-Tis aRsrulebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos da saerTaSoriso kanonmdebloba.”

zogadi da profesiuli ganaTlebis komponentSi383 ka-nonmdebloba ganixilavs arasrulwlovanTaTvis sabazi-so ganaTlebis micemis savaldebuloobas “msjavrdebuls unda hqondes saSualeba, miiRos sruli zogadi ganaTle-ba”, romelic unda ganxorcieldes dadgenili wesis Sesa-bamisad, romelsac adgens “saqarTvelos iusticiis minis-trisa da saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis minis-tris erToblivi brZaneba384.

qarTuli kanonmdebloba adgens arasrulwlovanTa ga-naTlebis uflebis realizebis xelSewyobis savaldebu-loobas da aseve yuradRebas uTmobs im msjavrdebulTa saxelmwifo enis Seswavlis xelSewyobas, romlebic ver floben qarTul enas, “arasrulwlovani msjavrdebulis-Tvis dawyebiTi da sabazo ganaTlebis micema savaldebu-loa. msjavrdebuls, romelic ver flobs saqarTvelos saxelmwifo enas, unda Seeqmnas pirobebi mis dasaufle-

383 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 114. msjavrdebulTa zogadi ganaTle-ba; muxli 115. msjavrdebulTa profesiuli ganaTleba

384 msjavrdebulTa ganaTlebisa da profesiuli swavlebis Sesaxeb debulebis damtkicebis Taobaze, brZaneba №614/6

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blad.” rac Seexeba zogadi ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofas kanonmdebloba ar adgens misi uzrun-velyofis savaldebuloobas sasjelaRsrulebis sistemis adinistraciis mimarT, igi ubralod adgens standartebs, romlis mixedviTac saswavlo procesi unda iyos mowyobi-li Tu is ganxorcieldeba ama Tu im dawesebulebis bazaze “Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi zogadi ganaT-lebis miwodeba xorcieldeba saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministris mier damtkicebuli programiT, romelic unda uzrunvelyofdes erovnuli saswavlo geg-miT dasaxuli miznebis miRwevas. am saganmanaTleblo pro-gramaze ar vrceldeba erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaTva-liswinebuli saswavlo garemos organizebis pirobebi da saaTobrivi bade.”

qarTuli kanonmdebloba ganixilavs ganaTlebis kidev erT dones, romelic unda miewodos sasjelaRsrulebis sistemaSi ganTavsebul pirebs, rogoricaa profesiuli ga-naTleba, ra SemTxvevaSic kanonmdebloba calsaxad aval-debulebs sasjelaRsrulebis sistemas Seqmnas pirobebi msjavrdebulTa profesiuli ganaTlebis misaRebad, “Tavi-suflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi msjavrdebulTaTvis unda Seiqmnas profesiuli ganaTlebis miRebis pirobebi.”, amasTan kanonmdebloba adgens, Tu romeli profesiebis Seswavlas unda mieniWos prioriteti dawesebulebebSi. “msjavrdebulTa profesiuli ganaTlebis dros upirate-soba eZleva im profesiebs, romelTa Seswavlac Tavisu-flebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis pirobebSia SesaZlebeli.” aseve mniSvnelovania kanonmdeblobis midgoma profe-siuli ganaTlebis miRebis damadasturebeli dokumentis gacemasa da gacemis wesebTan dakavSirebiT, romelic re-gulirdeba arsebuli standartebiT da mas ara aqvs raime specifiuri regulacia, rogorc cixeSi miRebuli profe-sia, “Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi profesiuli ganaTlebis Sedegad miRebul kvalifikacias adasturebs

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saatestacio organo `profesiuli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ sa-qarTvelos kanoniT dadgenili wesis Sesabamisad.

saerTaSoriso standartebis ganxilvisas aseve mniSvne-lovan midgomas vxvdebiT ganaTlebis, rogorc sasjelis moxds procesisTvis erT-erTi prioritetuli komponen-tis mimarT, evropis sabWos specialur rekomendaciaSi385, gansakuTrebuli aqcentia gakeTebuli cixeSi ganaTlebis saWiroebebze da mimarTulebebze, aseve yuradReba eTmo-ba gansakuTrebuli saWiroebebis mqone pirTa ganaTlebas, cixis gareT ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomobasa da Sesabamisi fondebis arsebobas, romlebic xels Seuwyobs msjarde-bulTa ganaTlebas.

rekomendacia pirvel rigSi ganmartavs yvela patimris xelmisawvdomobaze skolisa da profesiuli ganaTlebis aseve kulturuli, sportuli da sxva saxis ganaTlebisa da biblioTekis xelmisawvdomobaze. “yvela patimars unda hqondes ganaTlebaze xelmisawvdomoba, romelic Sedgeba skolis sagnebisgan, profesiuli ganaTlebisgan, Semoqme-debiTi da kulturuli saqmianobisgan, fizikuri ganaTle-bisa da sportisgan, socialuri ganaTlebisa da biblio-Tekisgan. patimrebisTvis ganaTleba unda iyos gare samya-roSi igive asakis samizne jgufis ganaTlebis Sesabamisi da saswavlo SesaZleblobebis areali unda iyos SeZlebisdag-varad farTo. cixis ganaTlebis mizani unda iyos pirovne-bis ganviTareba, misi socialuri, ekonomikuri da kultu-ruli konteqstis gaTvaliswinebiT.”

rezoluciaSi aseve vxvdebiT moTxovnebs, romelsac igi sasjelaRsrulebis sistemas da sistemis personalis mimarT ayenebs, rom xeli Seuwyon patimarTa ganaTlebas “yvela piri CarTuli cixis administrirebasa da menej-mentSi SeZlebisdagvarad xels unda uwyobdes cixeSi ga-naTlebas. yvela Zalisxmeva unda iyos mimarTuli patimris mxardasaWerad, ganaTlebis yvela sferoSi aqtiuri mo-nawileobis misaRebad.”

385 evropis sabWos minitrTa komitetis rekomendacia #R(89) 12 ci-xeSi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb;

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rezolucia ganmartavs saganmanaTleblo programebisa da cixis pedagogebis mier swavlebis Sesabamisi meTodebis gamoyenebaze “unda arsebobdes saganmanaTleblo progra-mebi, raTa uzrunvelyofili iyos cixis maswavleblis mier mozrdilTa swavlebis adekvaturi meTodebis gamoyeneba.”

mniSvnelovania midgoma wera-kiTxvis da sirTuleebis mqone patimrebis ganaTlebis uzrunvelyofis sakiTxisad-mi, sadac rezolucia ganmartavs, rom “gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces konkretuli sirTuleebis mqone patimrebs da gansakuTrebiT wera-kiTxvasTan dakavSire-buli problemebis mqone patimrebs.”

mniSvnelovania rezoluciis midgoma aseve iseTi tipis ganaTlebaze, rogoricaa profesiuli ganaTleba, biblio-Tekaze xelmisawvdomoba da is gansxvavebuli midgomebi, romlebic qarTuli kanonmdeblobiT ar aris regulire-buli, rogoricaa socialuri da sportuli ganaTleba “profesiuli ganaTlebis mizani unda iyos individis far-To ganviTareba iseve, rogorc Sromis bazarze arsebuli tendenciebisadmi mgrZnobelobis gamomuSaveba; patimrebs unda hqondeT daSveba kargad aRWurvil biblioTekaze, sul mcire kviraSi erTxel; mxardaWeril da aqcentirebu-li unda iyos patimrebis fizikuri ganaTleba da sporti; socialuri ganaTleba unda moicavdes praqtikul elemen-tebs, romlebic SesaZleblobas aZleven patimars marTon yoveldRiuri cxovreba cixeSi, sazogadoebaSi misi dabru-nebis gamartivebis TvalsazrisiT.”

rezoluciis Tanaxmad, SemoqmedebiT da kulturul sa-qmianobebs unda daekisros mniSvnelovani roli, vinaidan am saqmianobebs aqvT potenciali patimrebs miscen ganvi-Tarebisa da TviTgamoxatvis SesaZlebloba; rodesac Se-saZlebelia patimars unda mieces cixis gareT ganaTlebis miRebis SesaZlebloba.

rezolucia aseve mniSvnelovan adgils uTmobs sazo-gadoebis CarTulobas cixeSi swavlebis procesSi da aseve

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cixis gareT swavlebis xelmisawvdomobas “sadac ganaTle-bis miReba xdeba cixeSi. gare sazogadoeba SeZlebisdagva-rad srulad unda iyos CarTuli. miRebul unda iqnas zo-mebi imisTvis, rom patimrebs mieceT SesaZlebloba cixis gareT gaagrZelon ganaTlebis miReba, xelmisawvdomi unda iyos fondebi, aRWurviloba da personali, romelic pa-timrebs SesaZleblobas miscems miiRon Sesabamisi ganaT-leba.”

ganaTlebas aseve mniSvnelovan adgils uTmobs gaeros minimaluri standartuli wesebi, romelic ganmartavs, rom sadac kanoniT dasaSvebia ganaTleba unda iyos uzrun-velyofili, aseve yuradRebas uTmobs religiur ganaTle-bas, aseve im pirebTan da uwyebebTan urTierTobebis Se-narCunebasa da gamyarebas, romlebic cixis gareT daxvde-bian maT gaTavisuflebis SemTxvevaSi. “im qveynebSi, sadac es daSvebulia, patimrebi uzrunvelyofilni unda iyvnen Semdgomi ganaTlebis miRebis SesaZleblobiT, religiuri ganaTlebis CaTvliT. wera-kiTxvis ucodinarTa da aras-rulwlovanTa ganaTleba savaldebulo unda iyos da cixis marTvis organoebma amas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda miaqcion386.”

minimaluri standartuli wesebi garkveulwilad ad-gens, Tu rogori unda iyos cixeSi arsebuli saganmanaT-leblo sistemis standartebi da misi Sesabamisoba sazo-gadoebaSi arsebul standartebTan, rac pirdapir aisaxeba miRebuli ganaTlebis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobaze piris gaTavisuflebis Semdeg “patimrebis ganaTleba SeZle-bisdagvarad dakavSirebuli unda iyos qveyanaSi arsebul ganaTlebis sistemasTan im mizniT, rom momavalSi am pa-timrebma daubrkoleblad SeZlon swavlis gagrZeleba.”

evropis cixis wesebi aseve mniSvnelovan yuradRebas uTmobs cixeSi ganaTlebis komponents, sadac vxvdebiT ze-moaRniSnuli standartebisgan gansxvavebul midgomas, ro-

386 gaeros patimrebTan mopyrobis minimaluri standartuli wesebi, Tavi ganaTleba da kulturuli saqmianoba, wesi 77-81

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goricaa mravalmxrivi ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomoba, rac msjavrdebulis individualur saWiroebebze iqneba orien-tirebuli da am nawilSi prioritets swored wera-kiTxvis ucodinar an sxva saWiroebis mqone axalgazrda patimrebs aniWebs. “yoveli sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebuleba unda cdilobdes, rom patimrebi uzrunvelyos saganmanaTle-blo programebis xelmisawvdomobiT, romlebic iqneba SeZlebisdagvarad mravalmxrivi da upasuxebs patimar-Ta individualur saWiroebebs maTi miswrafebebis gaTva-liswinebiT. prioriteti unda mieniWos patimrebs, romel-Tac wera-kiTxvis da angariSis swavlis saWiroeba aqvT da akliaT sabaziso da profesiuli ganaTleba. gansakuTre-buli yuradReba unda mieqces axalgazrda da specialuri saWiroebebis mqone patimrebis ganaTlebas387.”

saerTaSoriso praqtikis ganxilvisas saerTaSoriso standartebis msgavsad vxvdebiT farTo midgomas, rome-lic garkveulwilad gansxvavdeba qarTuli praqtikisgan, kerZod irlandiis praqtikis gacnobisas ganaTlebis388 sa-kiTxisadmi iseT midgomebs vxvdebiT, rogoricaa moqnili saganmanaTleblo sistemis arseboba yvela cixeSi, rome-lic mimarTuli unda iyos Semdegi miznebisken “gaumklav-des Tavisuflebis aRkveTas; miaRwios pirad ganviTarebas; moemzados cixidan gaTavisuflebis Semdgomi cxovrebi-saTvis; gamoumuSavdes uwyveti ganaTlebis moTxovnileba da SesaZlebloba.” aseve calke Tavi eTmoba profesiul swavlebas, sadac garda zogadi ganaTlebis TavSi ganxilu-li miznebisa mniSvnelovani adgili eTmoba “profesiuli unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas; gaaumjobesos Tavisi perspeq-tiva gaTavisuflebis Semdeg SromiTi mowyobisTvis.389” mo-

387 evropis cixis wesebi, Tavi ganaTleba - wesi 28.1 - 28.7

388 Statutory instruments, S.I. No. 252 of 2007, ~Prison Rules”. Published by the stationery office Dublin To be purchased directly from the Governement Publications Office, Education and Library 389 Statutory instruments, S.I. No. 252 of 2007 ~Prison Rules”. Published by the sta-tionery office Dublin To be purchased directly from the Governement Publications Office - PART 13 VOCATIONAL TRAINING

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cemuli miznebis ganxilvisas vxvdebiT mTavar mizans, rom mTeli procesi orientirebuli unda iyos gaTavisuflebis Semdgom cxovrebis mowyobis xelSewyobisken.

irlandiis praqtikaSi aseve gansakuTrebul priori-tetul midgomas vxvdebiT fsiqologiur momsaxurebi-sadmi390, sadac miTiTebulia, rom ministri valdebulia Seqmnas cixeSi fsiqologiuri momsaxurebis iseTi xelmi-sawvdomi garemo, romelic saWiroa msjavrdebulis saWi-roebidan gamomdinare. aseve mniSvnelovania stadarte-bi, romelic gansazRvravs im piris saqmianobas, romelic axorcielebs fsiqologiur momsaxurebas391 cixeSi, “miawo-dos fsiqologiuri momsaxureba, romelic Seesabameba qveyanaSi arsebul fsiqologis profesiuli eTikis stan-dartebs. moqmed kanonmdeblobasTan da regulaciebTan SesabamisobaSi; moepyron patimrebs iseTive Rirsebisa da pativiscemis farglebSi, rogorc epyrobian ara patimar pacientebs; miawodon patimrebs iseTi fsiqologiuro mom-saxureba, romelic saWiroa maTi fsiqiuri janmrTelobis-Tis, gauwion daxmareba maT pirovnul ganviTarebas, raTa gamoumuSaon maT cixis Semdgom cxovrebasa da danaSaule-briv qmedebaze pasuxismgeblobis aRebis grZnoba” da a.S

estoneTis praqtikaSi yuradRebas vuTmobT or Ziri-Tad, qarTuli praqtikisTvis axal komponentebs, rogori-caa individualuri gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli programis ganxorcieleba da saxelmwifo enis Seswavlis savaldebu-loobaze, romelic warmoiSoba gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis gamotanis Semdeg. “individualiuri gegmis mixedviT pro-gramis Sesasruleblad, cixe amisamarTebs msjavrdebu-lebs ganaTlebis misaRebad da saxelmwifo enis Sesaswalad,

390 Statutory instruments, S.I. No. 252 of 2007, ~Prison Rules”. Published by the stationery office Dublin To be purchased directly from the Governement Publications Office, Education and Library - Provision of psychology service 391 Statutory instruments, S.I. No. 252 of 2007, ~Prison Rules”. Published by the stationery office Dublin To be purchased directly from the Governement Publications Office, Education and Library - Performance of functions by psychologist

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aseve uzrunvelyofs ZiriTadi saskolo ganaTlebis miRe-bas im pirebisTvis, vinc valdebulia miiRos saSualo ga-naTleba. saxelmwifo enis Seswavlis valdebuleba cixis mier organizebuli kursebis saSualebiT warmoiSoba roca gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni Seva ZalaSi an individualuri gegmis SemuSavebis dros momzadebuli gegmis SemTxvevaSi. Ria dawesebulebaSi gadayvana aris mTavari mizezi, raTa miiRos gareT swavlis ufleba. gamonakliss warmoadgens SemTxveva, rodesac msjavrdebuli swavlobs dauswreblad an eqsternad, direqtoris nebarTviT392.”

6.9 Sromis ufleba

“sakuTari Tavis materialuri uzunvelyofis gzis povna cixidan gamosvlis Semdeg patimris sazogadoeba-Si reintegraciis unaris yvelaze mniSvnelovani nawilia. bevri patimrisTvis cixeSi yofnis dro SeiZleba maTTvis pirveli SesaZleblobac ki iyos profesiul-teqnikuri unar-Cvevebis SesaZenad da regularuli samuSaos sakeTe-blad. mTavari mizani, ris gamoc patimrebs muSaoba moe-TxovebaT, aris maTi momzadeba cixidan gamosvlis Semdeg normaluri SromiTi cxovrebisTvis da ara administra-ciis sasargeblod fulis gamomuSaveba an mTavrobis sxva dawesebulebebis sasareblod qarxnebSi muSaoba. unda gvaxsovdes, rom dasaqmeba socialuri reabilitaciis mxo-lod erTi elementia. srulfasovani reagireba gulisxm-obs yvela im unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis SesaZleblobas, rac sazogadoebaSi dasabrunebladaa saWiro, sxvadasxva sazogadoebaSi sxvadasxva unar-Cvevebzea moTxovna.393”

392 Правила внутреннего распорядка Вируской тюрьмы, Утверждено Приказом директора Вируской тюрьмы, № 1-1/19 от 30 23.01.2013 г. ЙЫХВИ - 17.3393 e. koili, penitenciuri sistemis marTva adamianis uflebaTa poziciidan – saxelmZRvanelo penitenciuri sistemis TanamSromel-TaTvis, Tbilisi, 2007, gv 93

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“yvela adamians aqvs Sromis, samuSaos Tavisufali arCe-vis, Sromis samarTliani da xelsayreli pirobebis da umu-Sevrobisgan dacvis ufleba394” - adamianis uflebaTa sayo-velTao deklaracia ganmartavs, rom yvela adamiani sarge-blobs Sromis uflebiT da ar SeiZleba maTi SezRudva maTi statusidan gamomdinare.

endrou koili wignSi “penitenciuri sistemis marTva adamianis uflebaTa poziciidan”, ganmatavs Tu ra tipis samuSaoTi SeiZleba iyos dakavebuli patimari da rom es ar unda iyos iZulebiTi Sroma, romelic unda iyos mizan-mimarTuli iqiTken, rom msjavrdebuls daexmaros gaTa-visuflebis Semdgom cxovrebis mowyobaSi. “iZulebiT an savaldebulo Sroma zogadad akrZalulia, Tumca, saerTa-Soriso dokumentebi mkafiod ganmartaven, rom patimrebis mier Sesrulebuli samuSao avtomaturad am kategoriaSi ar xvdeba. msjavrdebuli patimrebi SeiZleba daavalde-bulon, imuSaon garkveuli garantiebis pirobiT. esenia: samuSaos unda hqondes mizani, samuSao unda daexmaros maT im unar-Cvevebis SeZenaSi, romlebic maT gamoadgeba gaTa-visuflebis Semdeg; patimrebs unda gadauxadon maT mier Sesrulebuli samuSaosTvis; Sromis pirobebi ZiriTadad igive unda iyos, rac gaTvalsiwinebulia samoqalaqo samu-Sao adgilze, gansakuTrebiT, janmrTelobisa da usafr-Txoebis moTxovnebTan dakavSirebiT; Sromis saaTebi ar unda iyos gadaWarbebuli da unda tovebdes dros sxva saq-mianobebisTvis. cixeSi muSaobas ori ZiriTadi mizani unda hqondes unar-Cvevebi da codna.”

saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba aseve exmaureba msjavr-debulTa dasaqmebis saWiroebas395, sadac ZiriTadi ganmapi-robebeli faqtori aris msjavrdebulTa survili. kanoni krZalavs adamianis iZulebas imuSaos an aseTi samuSao iyos pativisa da Rirsebis Semlaxavi, amasTan ganmartavs samu-

394 gaeros adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, m 23

395 patimrobis kodeqsi, Tavi XVII msjavrdebulTa Sroma - muxli 110. msjavrdebulTa SromiTi saqmianobis zogadi principebi

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Saos Sesrulebis wess, pirobebs da adgils, sadac unda mox-des msjavrdebulis dasaqmeba. “akrZalulia msjavrdebu-lis iZuleba, Seasrulos iseTi samuSao, romelic laxavs adamianis pativsa da Rirsebas. msjavrdebulebi muSaoben Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis teritoriaze, Tu dawesebulebas aqvs maTi dasaqmebis SesaZlebloba. msja-vrdebulebi muSaoben mxolod Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis teritoriaze. msjavrdebuli SeiZleba da-saqmebul iqnas agreTve Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebu-lebis teritoriaze arsebul saxelmwifo an arasaxelmwi-fo dawesebulebaSi.”

kanonmdebloba aseve saubrobs im standartebze Tu rogor unda moxdes msjavrdebulTa Sromis anazRaureba “msjavrdebuli Sesrulebuli samuSaosTvis iRebs xel-fass saqarTvelos Sromis kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad. msjavrdebuls xelfasi ericxeba pirad sabanko angariSze. xelfasis sruli gankargvis ufleba msjavrdebuls mie-cema gaTavisuflebisas. mas ufleba aqvs, es Tanxa Tavisi Sexedulebisamebr gadaugzavnos axlo naTesavebsa da sxva pirebs.”

kanonmdebloba aseve ganmartavs sawarmoebis396 Seqmnis wessa da maTi saqmianobis Taviseburebebs, romlebic mo-axdenen patimrebis dasaqmebas sasjelaRsrulebis dawe-sebulebis teritoriaze. aseve kanomdebloba calsaxad gansazRvras Tu rogori unda iyos msjavrdebulisTvis Seqmnili samuSao pirobebi sasjelaRsrulebis sistemaSi. “Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis administracia da damsaqmebeli valdebulni arian msjavrdebuls Seuqmnan sicocxlisa da janmrTelobisTvis usafrTxo Sromis pi-robebi. samuSao drois xangrZlivoba, Sromis dacvis, usa-frTxoeba da sawarmos sanitaruli wesebi ganisazRvreba saqarTvelos Sromis kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad. aras-rulwlovani msjavrdebuli muSaobs swavlisgan Tavisu-

396 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 111. sawarmoebi Tavisuflebis aRkve-Tis dawesebulebis teritoriaze

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fal dros, amasTanave, swavlisa da muSaobis dro ar unda aRematebodes dReSi 8 saaTs. zeganakveTuri muSaoba, agre-Tve muSaoba uqme dReebSi SesaZlebelia mxolod msjavrde-bulis TanxmobiT. amasTanave, samuSao drois xangrZlivoba ar unda aRematebodes dReSi 8 saaTs397.”

saerTaSoriso standartebis ganxilvisas vxvdebiT evropis sabWos ministraTa komitetis specialur rekomen-dacias398, romelic eZRvneba cixeSi Sromis organizebas da msjavrdebulTa samuSao pirobebiTa da garemoTi uzrun-velyofas, rekomendacia ganmartavs saxelmwifoebis val-debulebas mocemul sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi, rom konkre-tulad gansazRvruli statusi da prioriteti mianiWon cixeSi muSaobas.

rekomendacia avaldebulebs saxelmwifoebs institu-ciuri saWiroebidan gamomdinare, xelmisawvdomi gaxadon saTanado resursebi samuSao programebis mxardasaWerad da am miznisaTvis srulad gamoiyenon menejmentis adek-vaturi da Tanamedrove sistemebi, teqnika da produqciis warmoeba.

rekomendacia ganmartavs, rom saxelmwifoebma - “adap-tireba gaukeTon samuSao pirobebs, Sesasrulebel mizneb-sa da anazRaurebas imdenad, ramdenadac SesaZlebeli iqne-ba praqtikaSi da mxedvelobaSi miiRon gare standartebis-gan gansxvavebuli cixis samuSaos gansakuTrebuli xasiaTi. aRiaron muSaobis mniSvneloba da misi gaTvaliswineba me-nejmentSi yvela doneze, rodesac xdeba personalis Ser-Ceva da maTi treningi. koordinacia gauwion Sromis moTa-vsebis sistemas sasjelaRsrulebis reJimebis menejmentis sxva aspeqtebTan.”

garda evropis sabWos ministraTa komitetis specia-lur rekomendaciisa patimarTa Sromas ganixilavs aseve sxva saerTaSoriso dokumentebi, romlebic orientire-

397 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 112. samuSao pirobebi

398 evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rezolucia (75)25 - cixeSi Sromis Taobaze

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bulia zogadad sasjelaRsrulebis sistemis saqmianobis daregulirebaze, kerZod minimaluri standartuli wese-bi gansazRvravs, rom Sroma ar unda iyos maTTvis wamebis tolfasi, da samuSao unda iyos fizikuri da fsiqikuri monacemebis Sesabamisad, samuSao unda amaRlebdes msjavr-debulis kvalifikacias, wesebi yuradRebas uTmobs cixeSi samrewvelo da soflis meurneobis produqciis warmoebas, rasac unda axorcielebdes uSualod cixis administracia da ara kerZo kompaniebi. wesebi aseve yuradRebas uTmobs patimarTa Sromis anazRaurebas, `patimrebis Sroma ar unda iyos maTTvis wamebis tolfasi. yvela patimari unda muSaobdes eqimis mier damowmebuli Tavisi fizikuri da fsiqikuri monacemebis Sesabamisad. patimrebi dakavebul-ni unda iyvnen sasargeblo SromiT, romelmac unda Seavsos normaluri samuSao dRe. patimrebisTvis micemuli samu-Sao SeZlebisdagvarad, unda iyos iseTi, rom aumaRlos an mianiWos maT kvalifikacia, romelic gaTavisuflebis Semdeg miscems keTilsindisieri Sromis SesaZleblobas. patimrebs unda hqondeT samuSaos arCevis SesaZlebloba, Tu es ar ewinaaRmdegeba xelobis arCevis wessa da dawese-bulebis marTvisa da disciplinis moTxovnebs. samuSao me-Todebi da organizeba unda Seesabamebodes dawesebulebis farglebs gareT arsebul samuSaos, raTa moxdes patimre-bis TandaTanobiTi momzadeba sazogadoebasTan integri-rebisTvis. patimarTa interesebi ar unda iqnas gamoyene-buli dawesebulebis mier materialuri mogebis miRebis mizniT399.”

mniSvnelovania qarTuli kanonmdeblobisgan mkveTrad gansxvavebuli midgoma cixeSi samrewvelo da soflis meu-rneobis produqciis warmoebasTan dakavSirebiT “umjobe-sia, rom cixeSi samrewvelo da soflis meurneobis produ-qciis warmoebis xelmZRvaneloba xorcieldebodes uSua-lod cixis administraciis, da ara kerZo kompaniebis mier.”399 gaeros patimrebTan mopyrobis minimaluri standartuli wesebi, Tavi - Sroma cixeSi, wesi 71 -79

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garda dasaqmebis aucileblobisa minimaluri standar-tuli wesebi ganixilavs samuSaoebis Sesrulebisas usafr-Txoebis RonisZiebisa da kontrolis sakiTxs da axdens di-ferencirebas imis mixedviT, Tu romeli samuSao eqvemdeba-reba kontrols da romeli ara da ra unda gakeTdes am Sem-TxvevaSi. “patimrebi, romlebic asruleben iseT samuSaos, romelic ar eqvemdebareba dawesebulebis mier kontrols, unda imyofebodnen am ukanasknelTa mudmivi meTvalyu-reobis qveS. usafrTxoebis wesebi, romelic iTvaliswinebs muSakTa janmrTelobis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofas, gaTvaliswinebulia yvela dawesebulebaSi. uzrunvelyo-filia patimarTa dacva samuSao movaleobis Sesrulebis dros miRebuli dazianebisgan. aRniSnuli gaTvaliswine-bulia Tavisufal muSakTa usafrTxoebis maregulirebeli kanonmdeblobiT.”

minimaluri standartuli wesebi ganixilavs patimar-Ta Sromis anazRaurebis sakiTxs da Sromis organizaciis standartebs, aseve SemTxvevebs, rodesac patimrebi Se-saZlebelia asrulebdnen sxva organizaciebis SekveTebs, Tu rogor unda moxdes maTi Sromis anazRaureba, kerZod, “im SemTxvevebis garda, rodesac patimrebi asruleben sxva samTavrobo struqturebis SekveTas, samuSaos SemkveTebi valdebulni arian gadauxadon administraciis samuSao-saTvis gaTvaliswinebuli xelfasis sruli Tanxa patimre-bis mwarmoebluri Sromis gaTvaliswinebiT. samuSao dRis an kviris maqsimaluri xangrZlivoba dgindeba kanoniT an administraciuli dadgenilebebis safuZvelze, Tavisu-fali muSebisTvis kanoniT dadgenili adgilobrivi wese-bis gaTvaliswinebiT. samuSao dro unda ganawildes img-varad, rom patimrebs hqondeT kviraSi erTi dasvenebis dRis saSualeba, swavlisTvis da sxva saxis saqmianobisa-Tvis sakmarisi Tavisufali dro, rac aucilebelia maTi gamosworebisTvis. patimrebma unda miiRon Tavisi Sromis samarTliani anazRaureba garkveuli sistemis farglebSi.

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am sistemis Sesabamisad, patimrebs unda hqondeT saSuale-ba daxarjon maT mier gamomuSavebuli fulis nawili mainc, raTa SeiZinon piradi moxmarebis kanoniT daSvebuli ni-vTebi da gaugzavnon Tavisi anazRaurebis nawili ojaxs. es sistema aseve unda iTvaliswinebdes imas, rom patimris mier gamomuSavebuli fulis nawili Sesanaxad mieces ad-ministracias, romelic gadascems patimars am Tanxas misi gaTavisuflebisas.”

mniSvnelovania evropis penitenciuri wesebis400 midgoma patimris dasaqmebasTan dakavSirebiT, romelic aRniSnavs, rom patimris muSaoba unda aRiqmebodes rogorc cixis re-Jimis pozitiuri elementi, aseve rogorc minimaluri wese-bi evropis penitenciuri wesebic xazs usmevs im garemoebas, rom Sroma patimars unda unarCunebdes an uviTarebdes ga-Tavisuflebis Semdgom Tavis rCenis unars. penitenciuri wesebi gansazRvravs, rom ar unda arsebobdes diskrimina-cia genderuli safuZvliT. “sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebu-lebaSi patimris muSaoba unda aRiqmebodes, rogorc cixis reJimis pozitiuri elementi da arasdros ar unda iqnas gamoyenebuli sasjelis saxiT. cixis xelmZRvaneloba unda cdilobdes, rom patimrebi sasargeblo xasiaTis sakmarisi samuSaoTi uzrunvelyos. patimrisTvis gankuTvnili samu-Sao SeZlebisdagvarad iseTi unda iyos, rom unarCunebdes an aviTarebdes patimris mier gaTavisuflebis Semdgom Ta-vis rCenis unars. me-13 wesis Tanaxmad, uzrunvelyofili samuSaos tipTan mimarTebiT, ar unda arsebobdes diskri-minacia genderuli safuZvliT. samuSaoze, romelic aseve moicavs profesiul swavlebas, unda dasaqmdnen patimrebi, romlebsac SeuZliaT misgan sargeblobis miReba, gansaku-TrebiT, axalgazrda patimrebi. patimrebs unda SeeZloT, Tavad SearCion saqmianobis is tipi, romelSic monawileo-bis survilic aqvT – arsebuli samuSaos limitis fargleb-Si, agreTve, saTanado profesiuli SerCevis, wesrigisa da

400 evropis cixis wesebi, Tavi - samuSao, 1 wesi- 26.- 26.17

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disciplinis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad.”evropuli cixis wesebi yuradRebas uTmobs patimarTa

profesiuli tramvis an/da daavadebis SemTxvevaSi Sesaba-misi anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofas “patimarTaTvis uzrun-velyofili unda iyos samrewvelo travmisas anazRaurebis miRebis garantia, maT Soris, profesiuli daavadebis dros da misi pirobebi ar unda iyos imaze naklebad xelsayreli, vidre kanonmdeblobiT aris gaTvaliswinebuli Cveule-briv momuSave muSakTaTvis.”

saerTaSoriso praqtikis ganxilvisas yuradReba daeT-mo estoneTis praqtikas, sadac vxvdebiT saqarTvelosgan gansxvavebul praqtikas, kerZod aq ganxilulia msjavrde-bulis sameurneo momsaxurebaSi dasaqmebis Tavisebureba da dawesebulebis gareT samuSao, romlis aucilebel pi-robas warmoadgens Ria dawesebulebaSi gadayvana, “sakon-taqto piri, romelic pasuxismgebelia msjavrdebulebis dasaqmebaze, axorcielebs aRricxvas msjavrdebulebisa, romlebsac aqvT raime saxis profesiuli unar-Cvevebis an damsaqmeblis Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze, SesaZleblobis SemTxvevaSi gaanawilos msjavrdebuli samuSaoze. sakon-taqto piri adgens eleqtronul Sumdgomlobas msjavrde-bulis sameurneo momsaxureobaSi an sawarmooSi dasaqmebis mizniT. msjavrdebulis Ria tipis dawesebulebaSi gadayva-na aris mTavari safuZveli imisa, rom msjavrdeblma imu-Saon dawesebulebis gareT. samuSao instrumenti, romelic aqvs msjavrdebuls unda iyos moniSnuli (markirebuli) msjavrdebuli valdebulia gaafrTxilos pasuxismgebeli piri Tu instrumenti daikarga, gafuWda an gatyda.401”

msjavrdebulis dasaqmeba aris erT-erTi umTavresi komponenti, msjavrdebulisTvis rogorc sasjelis mox-dis periodSi misi fsiqologiuri da ekonomiuri mdgo-mareobis stabilurobis TvalsazrisiT, aseve umTavresi komponentia gaTavisuflebisTvis momzadebis procesSi,

401 Правила внутреннего распорядка Вируской тюрьмы, Утверждено Приказом директора Вируской тюрьмы, № 1-1/19 от 30 23.01.2013 г. ЙЫХВИ - 17.4

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raTa piri gaTavisufldes samuSao unar-CvevebiT aRWur-vili, rac mas daexmareba cxovrebis pirobebis mowyobaSi.

6.10 janmrTelobis dacvis ufleba

patimrobaSi myofi adamianebi inarCuneben fundamen-tur uflebas karg fizikur da fsiqikur janmrTelobaze da uflebas, miiRon samedicino zrunva iseTi xarisxiT, rac uTanabrdeba, sul cota, farTo sazogadoebisTvis gaweuli samedicino zrunvis xarisxs. saerTaSoriso paqti ekonomikur, socialur da kulturul uflebaTa Sesaxeb (muxli 12) adgens ~yvelas uflebas, isargeblos fizikuri da fsiqologiuri janmrTelobis yvelaze maRali xelmi-sawvdomi standartiT”.

yvela adamianis fundamentur uflebebTan erTad, pa-timrebs, maTi statusidan gamomdinare, aqvT damatebiTi garantiebi. rodesac saxelmwifo adamians arTmevs Tavisu-flebas, igi Tavis Tavze iRebs mis janmrTelobaze zrunvis pasuxismgeblobas, rogorc patimrobaSi yofnis pirobebis, ise am pirobebidan gamomdinare aucilebeli individualu-ri mopyrobis TvalsazrisiT.

kargi janmrTeloba yvelasTvis mniSvnelovania. es ga-vlenas axdens adamianebis qcevasa da sazogadoebis wevre-bad funqcionirebis unarze. igi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelo-vania cixis daxuruli sazogadoebis pirobebSi. Tavisi xa-siaTidan gamomdinare, patimrobis mdgomareobam SeiZleba damazianebeli efeqti iqonios patimrebis rogorc fizi-kur, ise fsiqologiur keTildReobaze. amitom cixis admi-nistracia movalea, uzrunvelyos ara mxolod samedicino mzrunveloba, aramed patimrebsac da cixis TanamSromleb-sac Seuqmnas kargad yofnis pirobebi. patimrebi ar unda gavidnen cixidan imaze uares mdgomareobaSi, romelSic isini iyvnen Semosvlisas. es exeba cixeSi cxovrebis yvela aspeqts, magram gansakuTrebiT – janmrTelobas402.

402 e. koili, penitenciuri sistemis marTva adamianis uflebaTa

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saqarTvelos konstitucia gansazRvravs adamianis jan-mrTelobis dacvis uflebas da janmrTelobis dazRveviT sargeblobis xelmisawvdomobas, nebismieri adamianisTis, “yvelas aqvs ufleba isargeblos janmrTelobis dazRve-viT, rogorc xelmisawvdomi samedicino daxmarebis saSua-lebiT. kanoniT dadgenili wesiT gansazRvrul pirobeb-Si uzrunvelyofilia ufaso samedicino daxmareba.403” saqarTvelos konstitucia aseve aregulirebs cxovrebis usafrTxo garemos uzrunvelyofas nebismier SemTxvevaSi nebismieri adamianisTvis “yvelas aqvs ufleba cxovrob-des janmrTelobisTvis uvnebel garemoSi, sargeblobdes bunebrivi da kulturuli garemoTi. yvela valdebulia gaufrTxildes bunebriv da kulturul garemos. adamia-nis janmrTelobisTvis usafrTxo garemos uzrunvelsa-yofad, sazogadoebis ekologiuri da ekonomikuri in-teresebis Sesabamisad, axlandeli da momavali Taobebis interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT saxelmwifo uzrunvelyofs garemos dacvasa da racionalur bunebaTsargeblobas. adamians ufleba aqvs miiRos sruli, obieqturi da drou-li informacia misi samuSao da sacxovrebeli garemos md-gomareobis Sesaxeb.”

garda amisa, mniSvnelovania, evropis sasamarTlos pra-qtikis ganxilvisas vxvdebiT araerT saqmes, romelic exeba sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebSi patimarTa samedici-no momsaxurebis sferoSi arsebul xarvezebs, magaliTad saqme RaribaSvili saqareTvelos winaaRmdeg, sadac sasa-marTlom aRniSna, rom “saqarTvelos mTavrobam ar war-moadgina araviTari mtkicebuleba, rom momCivans hqonda saTanado kveba da rom mis anoreqsiasa da gadaRlilobas mieqca saWiro samedicino yuradReba. sasamarTlo aseve ver daarwmuna mTavrobis pasuxma, rom ori eqoskopia sak-marisi iyo imis dasadgenad, rom momCivnis RviZlTan daka-

poziciidan – saxelmZRvanelo penitenciuri sistemis TanamS-romelTaTvis, Tbilisi, 2007, gv 53

403 saqarTvelos konstitucia, muxli 37

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vSirebuli Civili ar saWiroebda araviTar samedicino Carevas. samedicino TvalsazrisiT cnobilia, rom “gamma GT”- is maRali titri SeiZleba miuTiTebdes sakmaod mwvave “C“ hepatitze da rom eqoskopia ar aris sarwmuno saSuale-ba RviZlis qsovilis dazianebis xarisxis gansasazRvravad. sasamarTlom daadgina, rom patimris janmrTelobis dasa-cavad sakmarisi ar aris misi gamokvleva da diagnozis das-ma. aucilebelia diagnozis Sesabamisi samedicino mkurna-lobis uzrunvelyofa, iseve, rogorc saTanado samedici-no meTvalyureoba. Sesabamisad, sasamarTlom miuReblad miiCnia, rom momCivnis araerTgzis moTxovna misTvis mkur-nalobis gawevasTan dakavSirebiT darCa upasuxod an uyu-radRebod.”

sasamarTlom aseve aRniSna, rom warmoebaSi 40-mde saCi-vari iyo qarTul cixeebSi arsebuli samedicino daxmare-bis Sesaxeb da miiCnia, rom arsebobda sistemuri problema avadmyofi, maT Soris virusuli “C” hepatitiT daavade-buli patimrebis arasaTanado mkurnalobis Tvalsazri-siT. man miiCnia, rom es amZimebda saqarTvelos pasuxism-geblobas adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciiT na-kisri valdebulebebis Sesrulebis kuTxiT da, amasTanave, warmoadgenda safrTxes TviT konvenciis sistemis efeq-tianobisTvis. aqedan gamomdinare, 46-e muxlis Tanaxmad (ganCinebis savaldebulo Zala da aRsruleba), sasamarT-lom mouwoda saqarTvelos, dauyovnebliv miiRos saWiro sakanonmdeblo da administraciuli zomebi, raTa Tavi-dan iqnas acilebuli virusuli “C” hepatitis gavrceleba cixeebSi, danergos iq am daavadebis adreul etapze gamo-vlenis meqanizmebi da uzrunvelyos am virusiT daavade-buli patimrebis drouli da efeqtiani mkurnaloba. yove-lives gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlom daaskvna, rom viru-suli “C” hepatitiT daavadebul momCivans patimrobis pe-riodSi ver gauwies saTanado mkurnaloba, rac konvenciis me-3 muxlis darRvevaa. zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT,

212

sasamarTlom erTxmad daadgina, rom: a) dairRva adamia-nis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-3 muxli (wamebis da araadamianuri an damamcirebeli mopyrobis an dasjis akrZalva) virusuli “C” hepatitiT daavadebuli patimari momCivnisTvis, saTanado samedicino mkurnalobis gauwe-vlobis gamo; saqmeSi arsebuli masalebidan irkveva, rom 2001 wlis 26 maiss ganmcxadebels daeniSna damcveli - b-ni s. imave dRes rusTavis raionulma sasamarTlom ganixila robert RaribaSvilis patimrobis sakiTxi, ris Semdegac igi gadaiyvanes Tbilisis #5 sapyrobileSi, sadac mas Cau-tarda samedicino Semowmeba. ganmcxadeblis mtkicebiT, eqimma misi gasinjvis Semdeg uari ganacxada, samedicino JurnalSi Seetana mis sxeulze aRmoCenili sastiki mopyro-bis kvali. 2001 wlis 11 ivliss ganmcxadebelma Seitana sa-Civari gamoZiebis dros arsebul sxvadasxva procedurul darRvevaze da moiTxova, rom gamomZiebeli, batoni m. Ca-moeSorebinaT saqmisgan da daeniSnaT sxva gamomZiebeli. man daadanaSaula batoni m. mikerZoebaSi, magram saCivari ar aRuZravs sastik mopyrobaze, an zewolis faqtebze.”404 sasamaTlom erTxmad miiRo gadawyvetileba me-3 muxlis darRvevasTan dakavSirebiT.

erovnuli kanonmdebloba mniSvnelovan yuradRebas uTmobs patimarTa janmrTelobis dacvis uzrunvelyo-fis sakiTxs, kerZod patimrobis kodeqsi ganmartavs msja-vrdebulis janmrTelobis dacvis uflebas, rom ufleba aqvs, isargeblos saWiro samedicino momsaxurebiT, aseve ganmartavs medikamentebis miRebis xelmisawvdomobis da dawesebulebaSi miRebis dros misi janmrTelobis mdgo-mareobis Semowmebis savaldebuloobis sakiTxs. “bral-debuls/msjavrdebuls ufleba aqvs, isargeblos saWiro samedicino momsaxurebiT. braldebulisTvis/msjavrde-bulisTvis saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi xelmisawvdomi unda iyos patimrobis/Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi

404 CASE of POGHOSYAN v. GEORGIA (#9870/07)

213

nebadarTuli samkurnalo saSualebebi. moTxovnis SemTx-

vevaSi braldebuls/msjavrdebuls aqvs patimrobis/Tavi-

suflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis mier SeZenilze meti Rirebulebis an analogiuri Tvisebebis mqone samkurna-

lo saSualebis sakuTari saxsrebiT SeZenis ufleba.405”

mniSvnelovania aseve kanonSi arsebuli daTqma piradi eqi-

mis mowvevasTan dakavSirebiT, romelic patimrebs aZlevs

uflebas survilis SemTxvevaSi isargeblos piradi eqimis

momsaxurebiT “dasabuTebuli moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi, de-

partamentis Tavmjdomaris nebarTviT braldebuls/ msja-

vrdebuls aqvs piradi eqimis sakuTari saxsrebiT mowvevis

ufleba.”aseve mniSvnelovania kanonis moTxovna patimris miRe-

bis dros janmrTelobis SemowmebasTan dakavSirebiT, “pa-

timrobis/Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi bral-

debulis/msjavrdebulis miRebisas savaldebuloa misi

janmrTelobis mdgomareobis Semowmeba, ris Sesaxebac

dgeba cnoba, romelic Semdgom mis pirad saqmeSi inaxeba.”kanonmdebloba aseve adgens Tu ra pirobebSi da stan-

dartebiT unda xdebodes msjavrdebulTa samedicino mom-

saxureba da janmrTelobis mdgomareobis kontroli, rom

“braldebulis/msjavrdebulis samedicino momsaxureba

unda xorcieldebodes janmrTelobis dacvis sferoSi

qveyanaSi dadgenili samedicino momsaxurebis moTxovne-

bis Sesabamisad. aseve unda xdebodes braldebulis/msja-

vrdebulis janmrTelobis mdgomareobis kontroli da

mkurnaloba406”. kanonmdebloba aseve adgens, Tu rogori

unda iyos samedicino samsaxurebis saqmianoba dawesebu-

lebebSi. “braldebulis/ msjavrdebulis janmrTelobis

mdgomareoba mowmdeba weliwadSi erTxel mainc. daavade-405 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 24. braldebulis/msjavrdebulis janmrTelobis dacvis ufleba

406 patimrobis kodeqsi, samedicino momsaxurebis organizeba

214

bul braldebuls/ msjavrdebuls utardeba gadaudebeli

mkurnaloba407.”kanonmdebloba ganixilavs Tu rogori tipis samedici-

no obieqtebi unda Seiqmnas sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebu-lebaSi da ra SemTxvevaSi unda moxdes patimris gadayvana mravalprofilian samedicino dawesebulebebSi “yvela patimrobis/Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi unda Seiqmnas saeqimo-samedicino punqti. Tu braldebulis/msjavrdebulis mkurnaloba ar SeiZleba ganxorcieldes patimrobis/Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis saeqi-mo-samedicino punqtSi, igi SeiZleba gadayvanil iqnas de-partamentis daqvemdebarebaSi arsebul braldebulTa/msjavrdebulTa samkurnalo dawesebulebaSi an saerTo profilis saavadmyofoSi.408”

saerTaSoriso standartebis ganxilvisas aseve vxv-debiT araerT rekomendacias cixis jandacvis sferos ganxilvisas, am Temaze erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi doku-mentia evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia #R(98)7, romelic ganixlavs patimarTaTvis eqimis xelmi-sawvdomobas, jandacvis ekvivalentobas, qalTa gansaku-Trebul saWiroebebs da patimris dawesebulebis gareT gayvanis standartebs, konfidencialobis sakiTxebs, eqi-mis kvalifikacias da maT periodul treningebs, gadamdebi daavadebebis marTvas da sxva sakiTxebs.

eqimis xelmisawvdomobasTan dakavSirebiT rezolucia ganmartavs, rom “cixeSi miyvanisas da Semdgom, patimroba-Si yofnis periodSi, patimrebs nebismier dros xeli unda miuwvdebodeT eqimze an kvalificiur eqTanze, miuxedavad maTi patimrobis reJimisa, yovelgvari gaWianurebis gare-Se, Tu amas saWiroebs maTi janmrTeloba. yvela patimarma

407 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 120, 1. patimrobis/Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi misvlisTanave braldebuli/msjavrdebu-li gadis samedicino Semowmebas.

408 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 121. mkurnaloba patimrobis/Tavisu-flebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi

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unda gaiaros saTanado samedicino Semowmeba cixeSi miy-vanisas. specialuri yuradReba unda daeTmos fsiqikuri aSlilobis, cixesTan fsiqologiuri adaptaciis gaSuqe-bas, narkotikuli saSualebebis, mkurnalobisa da alko-holis miRebisgan gamomdinare simptomebis moSorebas da daavadebaTa gadamdeb da qronikul pirobebs. patimrebs eqimze xeli unda miuwvdebodebodeT nebismier dros, dRis da Ramis nebismier SualedSi. cixis teritoriaze yovel-Tvis unda imyofebodes pirveladi daxmarebis aRmoCenis kompetenciis mqone. seriozuli, gadaudebeli SemTxvevi-sas unda moxdes eqimis, erT-erTi eqTnisa da cixis admi-nistraciis gafrTxileba; mniSvnelovania sapatimros Ta-namSromelTa aqtiuri monawileoba da xelSewyoba. sadac, specifikuri momsaxurebiT uzrunvelyofili unda iyvnen qali patimrebi. orsuli patimrebis mimarT unda warmoeb-des samedicino zedamxedveloba da isini gadayvanil unda iqnan gare saavadmyofoSi, sadac iqneba saTanado pirobe-bi. saavadmyofoSi badragirebisas pacients, saWiroebisda mixedviT, unda axldes samedicino samsaxuris TanamSrome-li an eqTani.409”

gansakuTrebiT yuradRebas ipyrobs rezoluciis mi-dgoma janmrTelobis dacvis ekvivalentobasTan dakavSi-rebiT, sadac rezoluciaSi vxvdebiT standarts, romlis mixedviTac cixeSi janmrTelobis dacvis politika unda iyos integrirebuli qveyanaSi arsebul standartebTan “janmrTelobis dacvis politika patimrobaSi integrire-buli unda iyos da Seesabamebodes jandacvis erovnul po-litikas. cixis janmrTelobis dacvis momsaxurebam unda uzrunvelyos samedicino, fsiqiatriuli da stomatolo-giuri mkurnaloba da ganaxorcielos higienisa da preven-ciuli medicinis programebi imave pirobebiT, romlebi-Tac sargeblobs sazogadoeba. cixis eqimebs ufleba unda

409 rekomendacia #R(98) 7 eTikuri da organizaciuli aspeqtebis Se-saxeb, romelic ukavSirdeba jandacvas cixeSi, Tavi - eqimis xelmis-awvdomoba

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hqondeT gamoiZaxon specialistebi. Tu meore azri saWi-roa, samsaxuris valdebulebaa misi uzrunvelyofa410.”

rekomendacia mniSvnelovan yuradRebas uTmobs kon-fidencialurobas da mis garantiebs “samedicino konfi-dencialuroba garantirebuli da pativcemuli unda iyos imave wesiT, rogoriTac danarCen mosaxleobasTan mimar-TulebiT. winaswar patimrobaSi myof pirebs ufleba unda hqondeT miiRon konsultacia, TavianTi xarjebiT, sakuTa-ri an cixis gareT dasaqmebuli eqimisgan. msjavrdebulebs SeuZliaT miiRon gansxvavebuli samedicino azri da cixis eqimi amas gagebiT unda moekidos. Tumca, am sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli nebismieri moTxovna mis uSualo pasuxism-geblobaSi eqceva.411”

aseve mniSvnelovania rekomendacia eqimebis saqmia-nobasTan da maT kvalifikaciasTan dakavSirebiT “cixeSi momuSave eqimebma unda uzrunvelyon individualuri pa-timris janmrTelobis dacva imave standartebiT, romle-biTac uzrunvelyofili arian pacientebi sazogadoebaSi. patimris janmrTelobis saWiroebebi eqimis gansakuTrebu-li yuradRebis sagani unda iyos.”

aseve mniSvnelovania eqimis movaleobebi, treningebi da momzadeba, romelsac rekomendacia ganixilavs, ker-Zod “cixis eqimis upirveles movaleobas warmoadgens sa-Tanado samedicino daxmarebis gaweva da rCevis micema im patimarTaTvis, romlebzec igi pasuxismgebelia. aRniSnu-li agreTve gulisxmobs cixis administraciis rCevebiT uzrunvelyofas kvebis an patimris sacxovrebel garemos-Tan, higienisa da sanitarul pirobebTan dakavSirebiT. cixis eqimebs gamocdileba unda hqondeT rogorc zogad

410 rekomendacia #R(98) 7 eTikuri da organizaciuli aspeqtebis Se-saxeb, romelic ukavSirdeba jandacvas cixeSi, Tavi - janmrTelobis dacvis eqvivalentoba

411 rekomendacia #R(98) 7 eTikuri da organizaciuli aspeqtebis Se-saxeb, romelic ukavSirdeba jandacvas cixeSi, Tavi - pacientis Tanx-moba da konfidencialuroba

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samedicino, asevev fsiqiatriul daavadebebSi. maTi tre-ningi unda moicavdes dawyebiTi Teoriuli codnis SeZenas, cixis garemos gacnobierebas da mis gavlenas cixeSi same-dicino praqtikaze, maTi unar-Cvevebis Sefasebasa da sta-Jirebas zemdgomi kolegis xelmZRvanelobis qveS. maTTvis unda tardebodes agreTve sistemuri Sida momsaxurebis treningi.”

rekomendacia mniSvnelovan yuradRebas uTmobs cixeSi miyvanili patimris informirebaze mis uflebebTan dakavi-rebiT icodes vis mimarTos da miiRos sainformacio paketi patimris janmrTelobis dacvasTan dakavSirebiT “cixeSi miyvanisTanave TiToeulma patimarma unda miiRos infor-macia uflebebsa da valdebulebebze, dawesebulebis Sina-ganawesze, agreTve miTiTebebi imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor da sad unda miiRos daxmareba da rCeva. es informacia yvela patimarma unda gaacnobieros. specialuri instruqciebi unda mieces wera-kiTxvis ucodinar patimrebs. jandacvis saganmanaTleblo programa unda iyos SemuSavebuli cixis yvela dawesebulebaSi. patimrebmac da cixis administra-ciamac, unda miiRon jandacvis ganviTarebis sainforma-cio paketi patimrobaSi myofi pirebis janmrTelobis da-cvis Sesaxeb.412”

qarTuli praqtikisTvis gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovan midgomas warmoadgens is gansxvavebuli praqtika, romel-sac adgens rekomendacia Zaladobis niSnebis gamovlenis SemTxvevaSi, aseve infeqciuri, seqsualuri gziT gadamde-bi daavadebebis prevencia, “patimrebis cixeSi miyvanisas nebismieri saxis Zaladobis niSnis gamovlenis SemTxveva samedicino Semowmebisas srulyofilad werilobiT unda iqnas aRwerili eqimis mier patimris nebismier gancxadeba-sa da eqimis daskvnasTan erTad. patimris TanxmobiT, es in-formacia xelmisawvdomi SeiZleba iyos cixis administra-

412 rekomendacia #R(98) 7 eTikuri da organizaciuli aspeqtebis Sesaxeb, romelic ukavSirdeba jandacvas cixeSi, Tavi - informacia janmrTelobis Sesaxeb, prevencia da swavleba.

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ciisTvis. cixeSi seqsualuri gziT gadamdebi infeqciebis prevenciis mizniT saTanado profilaqtikuri zomebi unda iqnas miRebuli. pacientis izolireba infeqciis gamo ga-marTlebulia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu msgavsi zoma mii-Reba cixis gare samyaroSi analogiuri situaciisas.”

garda #R(98) 7 rekomendaciisa patimarTa jandacvis sa kiTxebs gansakuTrebul yuradRebas uTmobs sxva saer-TaSoriso dokumentebic, kerZod patimrebTan mopyrobis minimaluri standartuli wesebi ganmartavs, rom yvela dawesebulebas unda hyavdes kvalificiuri samedicino personali, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba fsiqia-tris da stomatologis momsaxurebas. wesebi yuradRebas uTmobs msjavrdebulTa samedicino Semowmebas, raTa ga-movlindes fizikuri da gonebrivi naklovanebebi, romleb-mac SeiZleba xeli SeuSalon patimrebis gamosworebas. “yvela dawesebulebas unda hyavdes erTi iseTi kvalifi-ciuri medicinis muSaki mainc, romelsac fsiqiatriaSic eqneba ganaTleba. saWiroa samedicino momsaxurebis or-ganizeba jandacvis adgilobriv an saxelmwifo organoeb-Tan mWidro kontaqtSi. igi unda moicavdes fsiqiatriul diagnostikur samsaxurebs da, sadac es aucilebelia, fsi-qiurad daavadebulTa mkurnalobas. avadmyofi patimrebi, romlebsac specialistTa yuradReba esaWiroebaT, unda gadaiyvanon specialur dawesebulebebSi an samoqalaqo saavadmyofoSi. cixis saavadmyofoebs unda hqondeT Sesa-bamisi samedicino momsaxurebisTvis da maTi mkurnalobis-Tvis saWiro danadgarebi, preparatebi da medikamentebi, agreTve sakmarisad kvalificiuri personali. TiToeul patimars unda hqondes imis SesaZlebloba, rom isarge-blos kvalificiuri stomatologis momsaxurebiT.413”

mniSvnelovania minimaluri standartuli wesebis mid-goma eqimis valdebulebebTan dakavSirebiT, imasTan daka-vSirebiT, rom igi unda zrunavdes patimarTa fizikur da

413 gaeros patimrebTan mopyrobis minimaluri standartuli wesebi, wesi 22 - 23 - 24

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fsiqikur janmrTelobaze, romelic yoveldRiurad unda iRebdes an naxulobdes avadmyofebs, yvelas, vinc Tavs SeuZlod grZnobs. aseve eqimi valdebulia acnobos admi-nistracias patimris mdgomareobis garTulebasTan daka-vSirebiT “yovelTvis rodesac eqims miaCnia, rom patimris fizikuri an gonebrivi wonasworoba darRveulia, an Sei-Zleba dairRves misi patimrobaSi yofnis an patimrobis sxva pirobebis gamo, man amis Sesaxeb unda moaxsenos dire-qtors.”

garda janmrTelobis mdgomareobis kontrolisa wesebi avaldebulebs cixis eqims regularulad ganaxorcielos inspeqtireba da Caabaros angariSi direqtors Semdegi sa-kiTxebis Sesaxeb: sakvebis raodenoba, xarisxi, momzadebis da ganawilebis pirobebi; dawesebulebisa da misi kontin-gentis higiena da sisufTave; sanitaruli mdgomareoba, gaTboba, ganaTeba da ventilacia dawesebulebaSi; patimre-bis tansacmlisa da saZile nivTebis vargisianoba da sisuf-Tave. fizkulturasa da sportTan dakavSirebuli wesebis dacva im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac es samuSao ar ekisreba spe-cializebul personals. eqimma yoveldRiurad unda moi-naxulos is patimrebi, romlebsac misjili aqvT sasjelis aseTi zoma da, Tu patimris fizikuri an fsiqikuri mdgoma-reobis gaTvaliswinebiT Tvlis, rom sasjeli unda Sewydes an Seicvalos, sakuTari mosazreba cixis direqtors unda Seatyobinos.”

evropuli cixis wesebi gansazRvravs cixis samedicino samsaxurisa da sazogadoebrivi jandacvis urTierTTa-namSromlobis aucileblobas da mis Sesabamisobas, aseve mniSvnelovani yuradReba eTmoba jandacvis uzrunvelyo-fas cixeSi diskriminaciis gareSe. evropuli cixis wesebi ganmartavs samedicino da jandacvis personalis kvalifi-kacias da maT saqmianobis standartebs da maT movaleobebs. “cixeSi samedicino samsaxuri unda iyos organizebuli saxelmwifosa an sazogadoebis zogadi jandacvis adminis-

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traciasTan axlo TanamSromlobiT. patimrebs xeli unda miuwvdebodeT qveyanaSi arsebul jandacvis samsaxurze, maTi samarTlebrivi mdgomareobis safuZvelze, diskrimi-naciis gareSe.414”

mniSvnelovania evropuli cixis wesebis midgoma fizi-kur da fsiqikur daavadebebTan an defeqtebis mqone pi-rebTan mimarTebaSi “cixeSi samedicino samsaxurebi unda cdilobdnen, gamoikvlion da umkurnalon fizikur da fsiqikur daavadebebs an defeqtebs, romelic patimrebs awuxebs. patimrebs unda gaewioT yvela saWiro samedici-no, qirurgiuli da fsiqiatriuli momsaxureba, maT Soris iseTic, romelic sazogadoebrivi jandacvis farglebSi tardeba.”

eqimis movaleobebTan dakavSirebiT evropuli cixis wesebi adgens sakiTebis nusxas, romlebsac gansakuTrebu-li yuradReba unda dauTmos eqimma an meddam, “patimris gasinjvisas, medicinis muSaki an kvalificiuri medda gan-sakuTrebuli gulisxmierebiT unda moepyros Semdeg saki-Txebs: samedicino saidumloebis normaluri wesebis dac-va; fizikuri an fsiqiatriuli daavadebis diagnozireba da mis samkurnalod saWiro zomebis miReba, aseve, mimdinare samedicino mkurnalobis gagrZeleba; patimarTa mimarT Zaladobrivi mopyrobis nebismieri niSnis an gamovlinebis dafiqsireba da Sesabamisi xelmZRvanelobisTvis Setyobi-neba; narkotikebis, medikamentebisa da alkoholis gamoye-nebis Sedegad gamovlenili abstinenciis simptomebis mkur-naloba; Tavisuflebis aRkveTis faqtiT gamowveuli nebis-mieri fsiqologiuri an sxva stresuli niSnebis gamovle-na; im patimrebis izolireba, romelTac savaraudod aqvT infeqciuri an gadamdebi daavadebebi infeqciis periodis ganmavlobaSi da maTTvis saTanado mkurnalobis uzrun-velyofa; imis uzrunvelyofa, rom aivinfeqciiT daavade-buli patimrebis izolireba ar moxdes mxolod am niSniT;

414 evropis cixis wesebi, cixeSi jandacvis organizacia wesi 40.1 -40.5

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im fizikuri da fsiqikuri defeqtebis SeniSvna, romlebmac SeiZleba Seaferxon gaTavisuflebis Semdgomi adaptaciis procesi. yoveli patimris mdgomareobis muSaobisa da var-jiSisTvis Sesabamisobis dadgena; sazogadoebriv organi-zaciebTan SeTanxmebebis miRweva nebismieri aucilebeli samedicino da fsiqiatriuli mkurnalobis gagrZelebis Sesaxeb gaTavisuflebis Semdgom, Tu patimrebi Tanxmobas ganacxadeben aseT SeTanxmebaze.” wesebi aseve ganixilavs patimarTa fizikur da fsiqikur janmrTelobaze zrunvis standartebs da samedicino sistemis mowyobis sxva Tavi-seburebebze cixis sistemaSi. aseve patimrebTan mopyrobis Taviseburebebs da maTi interesebis dacvis valdebulebas “patimrebi ar unda gaxdnen eqsperimentis obieqti maTive Tanxmobis gareSe. patimrebze eqsperimentebi, romlebic iwvevs fizikur dazianebas, fsiqikur aSlilobas an janmr-Telobis sxvagvar dazianebas, unda aikrZalos.”

saerTaSoriso praqtikis ganxilvisas irlandiis praq-tikaSi yuradReba eTmoba patimarTa Semowmebas da miznebs, risTvisac aRniSnuli Semowmeba unda ganxorcieldes: `yvela patimari unda iyos Semowmebuli eqimis mier calke, misi sapatimro dawesebulebaSi miRebis dRes im mizniT, rom: moxdes nebismieri fizikuri Tu fsiqikuri daavadebis diagnozireba da miRebul iqnas zomebi, raTa moxdes maTi Sesabamisi mkurnaloba; patimris izolireba samedicino safuZvliT, xdeba Tu arsebobs eWvi rom is aris gadamdebi infeqciuri daavadebis matarebeli an arsebobs sxa riski, ramac SesaZlebelia ziani miayenos sxva patimrebs an pi-rebs, visac SesaZlebelia amasTan hqondeT kontaqti. msja-vrdebulis dasaqmebisTvis Sesabamisobis Semowmeba; nebis-mieri fizikuri an fsiqikuri mdgomareobis gamovlena, ro-melmac SesaZlebelia pirs xeli SeuSalos, rogorc cixis pirobebTan aseve gaTavisuflebis Semdeg sazogadoebas-Tan integraciaSi; mxedvelobaSi iqnas miRebuli nebismie-ri tramva; nebismieri medikamentis aRricxva gakeTeba, ro-melsac gamowerili hqonda patimars.”

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estoneTis praqtikaSi ganxilvisas415 mniSvnelovania gansxvavebuli praqtika, romelic gamoixateba samedicino momsaxurebis doneebad dayofaSi, anu pirveli donis saer-To da specialuri ambulatoriuli momsaxureba da sta-cionaluri mkurnaloba. aseve ganxilulia msjavrdebuli-saTis medikamentebis miwodebis specifika da eqimTan mi-Rebis gansxvavebuli praqtika “msjavrdebuls SeeTavazeba pirveli donis saerTo da specialuri ambulatoriuli momsaxureba, aseve stacionaluri mkurnaloba. SesaZle-blobis ar arsebobisas msjavrdebuli igzavneba gegmiurad saerTo profilis samkurnalo dawesebulebaSi. ambula-toriuli miReba xdeba winaswari registraciiT rigiTobis mixedviT. msjavrdebuls eleqtronuli wesiT aregistri-rebs sakontaqto piri da pasuxi eleqtronulad unda gas-ces eqimma araumetes 5 dReSi. arasamuSao da dResaswaulis dReebSi msjavrdebulebs gaewevaT mxolod gadaudebeli daxmareba. msjavrdebuli, romelic mimarTavs samedici-no ganyofilebas valdebulia samedicino mosamsaxures warudginos informacia misi janmrTelobis Sesaxeb da saukeTeso saSualebiT gadmosces yvela garemoeba, aseve samedicino mosamsaxures gauwios TanamSromloba rac au-cilebelia samedicino momsaxurebis gasawevad. zedamxed-veli aZlevs msjavrdebuls wamals gansazRvruli drois mixedviT. msjavrdebuli valdebulia dauyovnebliv mii-Ros wamali zedamxedvelis TandaswrebiT. Tu msjavrde-buli uars ambobs wamlis miRebaze zedamxedveli acnobebs samedicino ganyofilebas, sadac gadawydeba saWiroa Tu ara wamlis miRebis gagrZeleba da aseve keTdeba Sesabamisi Canaweri samedicino baraTSi. wamali, romelic Sedis nar-kotikul an fsiqotropuli wamlebis siaSi msjavrdebuls eZleva medda-specialistis mier dafqul mdgomareobaSi, msjavrdebuli valdebulia miiRos wamali dauyovnebliv meddis TandaswrebiT.416”

415 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 20. patimris samedicino momsaxureba

416 Statutory instruments, S.I. No. 252 of 2007, Prison Rules, Published by the sta-tionery office Dublin To be purchased directly from the Governement Publications

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msjavrdebulis samedicino momsaxurebasTan daka-vSirebiT sainteresoa midgomebi saqmeSi kalaSnikovi417 ruseTis winaaRmdeg, romelic mniSvnelovani magaliTia sapatimro dawesebulebaSi, arasaTanado samedicino mom-saxurebasTan da arahigienur pirobebTan mimarTebaSi, sadac ganmcxadebeli daavadda sxvadasxva daavadebebiT, rac sasamarTlom miiCnia, rogorc arahumanuri mopyroba. saqmeSi aRniSnulia, rom “ ganmcxadebeli daavadda kanisa da sokovani daavadebebiT, ris Sedegadac dakarga zeda da qveda kidurebis frCxilebis nawili. 1996 wlis 11 noembri-dan 1997 wlis 23 aprilamde da 1999 wlis 15 aprilidan 1999 wlis 3 agvistos periodebSi sasamarTlo mosmenebi SeCer-da raTa ganmcxadebels miscemoda munis mkurnalobis Se-saZlebloba. 6 SemTxvevaSive ganmcxadeblis sakanSi sxva pa-timrebi moaTavses, romlebic daavadebuli iyvnen sefsisi-Ta da tuberkuloziT, aRniSnul periodSi ganmcxadebels ukeTebdnen profilaqtikur antibiotikur acrebs.

evropis sasamarTlom saqmesTan dakavSirebiT aRniSna, rom “ganmcxadeblis sakanSi arsebuli mkbenarebis gasana-dgureblad sanitaruli RonisZiebebi ar xorcieldeboda mTavrobam mocemuli problemebi aRiara da aRniSna, rom ministris 1989 w. brZanebis safuZvelze cixis administra-cia valdebuli iyo mieRo zomebi dawesebulebis mkbenar mwebisgan gawmendis mizniT, Tumca ganmcxadeblis sakanSi aRniSnuli zomebi ar ganxorcielebula. patimrobis ganma-vlobaSi ganmcxadebeli daavadda kanis sxvadasxva maT So-ris sokovani daavadebebiT. am mizeziT 1996; 1997; 1999 ww saWiro gaxda sasamarTlo mosmenebis gadadeba, miuxedavad imisa, rom baton kalaSnikovs mkurnalobdnen patimrobis savalalo pirobebis gamo daavadebebi ganmeorebiT aRmo-cenda. sasamarTlo did yuradRebas uTmobs im faqts, rom ganmcxadebelTan erTad sapatimroSi imyofebodnen sifi-

Office - Medical Examinationa417 kalaSnikovi ruseTis winaaRmdeg (ganacxadi 47095/99)Kalashnikov v. Russia (strasburgi 15 ivlisi 2002 weli)

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lisiTa da tuberkuloziT daavadebuli patimrebi. zemoT ganxilulis safuZvelze patimrobis im piro-

bebs, romelSic ganmcxadebeli imyofeboda gadatvirTu-lobisa da antisanitariis pirobebTan erTad, romelmac gamanadgurebeli efeqti iqonia ganmcxadeblis janmrTe-lobaze aseve xangrZliv patimrobas sasamarTlo miiCnevs damamcirebel mopyrobad.”

patimris janmrTelobis mdgomareobaze zrunva da jan-mrTelobis mdgomareobis SenarCuneba sasjelaRsrulebis sistemis umniSvnelovanes moTxovnas warmoadgens, rac ganapirobebs msjavrdebulis sazogadoebaSi dabrunebis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes Semadgenel nawils, rom cixeSi yofnam ar gamowvios gamanadgurebeli efeqti adamianis-Tvis da is sazogadoebas daubrundes fizikurad da fsiqi-kurad janmrTel mdgomareobaSi.

6.11 piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba

“TiToeul adamians aqvs Tavisuflebisa da piradi xel-Seuxeblobis ufleba. aravin SeiZleba TviTneburad daa-patimron an patimrobaSi aiyvanon. aravis SeiZleba Tavi-sufleba aRukveTon sxvagvarad, Tu ara iseT safuZvelze da iseTi proceduris Sesabamisad, romlebic kanoniT aris dawesebuli418.”

piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobas pirvelad saerTa-Soriso doneze Seexo adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao de-klaracia, romelic ganmartavs, rom “aravis mimarT ar Sei-Zleba TviTneburi Careva mis piradsa da ojaxur cxovre-baSi, TviTneburi xelyofa misi sacxovrebeli binis xel-Seuxeblobis, misi korespondenciis saidumloebis, anda misi pativisa da reputaciisa. yovel adamians aqvs ufleba daculi iyos kanonis mier aseTi Carevisa Tu xelyofisa-

418 samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso paqti, muxli 9

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gan419.” gamomdinare mocemuli ganmartebidan deklaraciis mixedviT piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba ramdenime kom-ponentad ganixileba, rogoricaa: piradsa da ojaxur cxo-vrebaSi Careva; sacxovrebeli binis xelSeuxeblobis, misi korespondenciis saidumloebis xelSeuxebloba an/da misi pativisa da reputaciis xelSeuxebloba.

adamianis uflebaTa deklaraciis Semdgom piradi cxo-vrebis xelSeuxeblobis uflebam asaxva hpova sxva saer-TaSoriso dokumentebSi, romelmac aRniSnul moTxovnas imperatiuli Zala mianiWa, kerZod samoqalaqo da poli-tikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb paqti m-16, adamianis uflebaTa dacvis evropuli konvencia m-8 da sxv. magaliTad adamia-nis uflebaTa evropis konvencia Semdegnairad ganmarta-vs piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis uflebas “yvelas aqvs ufleba, pativi scen mis pirad da ojaxur cxovrebas, mis sacxovrebelsa da mimoweras. dauSvebelia am uflebis ganxorcielebaSi sajaro xelisuflebis Careva, garda ise-Ti SemTxvevisa, rodesac aseTi Careva xorcieldeba kano-nis Sesabamisad da aucilebelia demokratiul sazogadoe-baSi erovnuli uSiSroebis, sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis an qveynis ekonomikuri keTildReobis interesebisTvis, uwesrigobis an danaSaulis Tavidan asacileblad, janmr-Telobis an moralis Tu sxvaTa uflebaTa da Tavisufle-baTa dasacavad420.”

piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis uflebas ganmartavs simon papuaSvili Tavis statiaSi “TavisuflebaaRkveTili piris ufleba piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobaze adamia-nis uflebaTa evropis konvenciis mixedviT421”, romelSic 419 adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, 1948 wlis 10 dekem-beri, muxli 12

420 adamianis uflebaT evropis konvencia, muxli 8


226

piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba ganxilulia ramdenime mimarTulebiT: piradi cxovrebis ufleba, fizikuri da moraluri xelSeuxebloba da korespondenciebis xelSeu-xebloba, statia ganixilavs Tu rogor unda iyos daculi piris piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba misi sapatimro dawesebulebaSi yofnis dros “piradi cxovrebis ufleba uzrunvelyofs adamianis kerZo sferos dacvas masSi sxva pirebis Carevisagan. rTuli da, albaT, SeuZlebelia, pira-di cxovrebis koncefciis amomwuravad gansazRvra. sayu-radReboa, rom adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarT-los amomwuravad arasodes ganusazRvravs piradi cxovre-bis koncefcia. saqmeze - kostelo-robertsi gaerTianebu-li samefos winaaRmdeg (Costello-Roberts v. the United kingtom), 1993 wlis 25 martis gadawyvetileba – adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom piradi cxovreba farTo koncefciaa, romelic `ar eqvemdebareba amomwu-ravad gansazRvras~. `sasamarTlo ar Tvlis SesaZleblad an aucileblad, amomwuravad gansazRvros `piradi cxo-vrebis~ koncefcia. Tumca metad SezRuduli iqneboda am koncefciis Semofargvla `Sida wriT~, romelSic individi SeiZleba Tavisive arCeuli piradi cxovrebiT cxovrobdes da misgan gamoricxavdes garesamyaros, romelic ar Sedis am wreSi. piradi cxovrebis pativiscema aseve unda moicav-des, garkveul farglebSi, sxva adamianebTan urTierTobis damyarebisa da ganviTarebis uflebas.~

evropuli konvencia da sasamarTlos praqtika dasaSve-bad miiCnevs samartoo patimrobis, rogorc disciplinuri sadamsjelo zomis, gamoyenebas. Tumca sapatimro dawese-bulebis mier aRniSnuli RonisZieba gamoyenebuli unda iqnas rogorc ukiduresi zoma, romelic aucilebelia usa-frTxoebis an werigis dacvisTvis da mxolod SezRudul periodSi.”

fizikuri da moraluri xelSeuxeblobis farglebSi statia ganmartavs, rom “evropuli konvenciis me-8 muxlis

227

icavs adamianis, maT Soris TavisuflebaaRkveTili pire-bis, fizikuri da moraluri xelSeuxeblobis uflebas. sa-qmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, evropul-ma sasamarTlom fizikur an moralur xelSeuxeblobasTan dakavSirebuli pretenzia SeiZleba ganixilos konvenciis me-3 muxlis WrilSi da, Sesabamisad, daadginos darRveva, Tu mopyroba scildeba konvenciiTa da sasamarTlo praq-tikiT dadgenili mopyrobis minimalur zRvars.”

rac Seexeba ojaxis wevrebTan urTierTobas, aseve ga-nixilavs avtori statiaSi da ganmartavs rom “TviT pa-timrobis cneba gulisxmobs, rom dapatimrebulebis ur-TierToba da kontaqtebi garesamyarosTan mniSvnelovnad aris SezRuduli. gaeros patimrebTan mopyrobis minimalu-ri standartuli wesebis 61-e wesis Tanaxmad: `patimreb-Tan mopyrobisas xazi unda gaesvas ara sazogadoebisagan maT gariyvas, aramed imas, rom isini rCebian sazogadoebis srulfasovan wevrebad.~ principi - patimari inarCunebs garkveul sazRvrebSi adamianis uflebebsa da Tavisufle-bebs – ukavSirdeba mosazrebas, rom, Cveulebriv, Tavisu-flebaaRkveTili pirebi ubrundebian sazogadoebas, sa-dac unda moxdes maTi, rogorc Cveulebrivi moqalaqeebis, reintegracia da isini kvlav unda gaxdnen sazogadoebis sruluflebiani wevrebi. amgvarad, garesamyarosTan kon-taqtebi sazogadoebaSi patimris reintegraciis mniSvne-lovani nawilia”

patimrobis SemTxvevaSi piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxe-blobis erT-erT mniSvnelovan komponets aseve warmoad-gens korespondenciebis xelSeuxebloba, sadac statiis avtori ganmartavs, rom “pozicia, romelic calsaxad ikve-Teba evropuli sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTlidan, sakmaod maRali xarisxiT icavs patimris korespondenciis xelSeuxeblobis uflebas.422 sasamarTlo saxelmwifosgan iTxovs, rom nebismieri Careva korespondenciis Tavisu-

422 Jacobs&White, The European Convention on Human Rights, 2002

228

flebaSi mkafiod da calsaxad iyos gansazRvruli. saxel-mwifoebi valdebulni arian, warmoadginon mtkicebule-bebi, romlebic korespondenciis TavisuflebaSi Carevas axsnian da gaamarTleben. saqmeze - domeniCini italiis winaaRmdeg (Domenichini v. Italy), 1996 wlis 21 oqtombris ga-dawyvetileba. sasamarTlom daadgina darRveva imis gamo, rom italiis kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebda aragonivru-lad farTo diskreditacias patimarTa korespondenciis xelSeuxeblobis uflebis SezRudvasTan dakavSirebiT423”

garda saerTaSoriso dokumentebisa, saqarTvelos konstiticia analogiur konteqstSi ganixilavs piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis uflebas, rogorc samoqala-qo da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso paqti, “yoveli adamianis piradi cxovreba, piradi saqmianobis adgili, piradi Canaweri, mimowera, saubari satelefono da sxva saxis teqnikuri saSualebiT, agreTve teqnikuri saSualebebiT miRebuli Setyobinebani xelSeuxebelia. aRniSnuli uflebebis SezRudva daiSveba sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT an mis gareSec, kanoniT gaTvaliswi-nebuli gadaudebeli aucileblobisas. aravis ara aqvs ufleba Sevides sacxovrebel binaSi da sxva mflobeloba-Si mflobel pirTa nebis sawinaaRmdegod, agreTve Caata-ros Cxreka, Tu ar aris sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba an kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli gadaudebeli aucilebloba.”

saqarTvelos “patimrobis kodeqsi” ganixilavs piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis komponents, Tumca ara ro-gorc patimrebis uflebebis nusxaSi erT-erT Semadgenel nawils, magram miuxedavad aRniSnulisa igi Sesabamis mu-xlebSi pirdapir Tu iribad exeba piradi cxovrebis xel-Seuxeblobis uflebas, kerZod, aregulirebs patimris/


229

msjavrdebulisa da misi nivTebis Semowmebis standartebs misi dawesebulebaSi miRebis dros – “patimrobis dawese-bulebaSi miRebisas braldebuli da misi piradi nivTebi saguldagulod mowmdeba, ris Sesaxebac dgeba Sesabamisi aqti. braldebulis Semowmebas axorcielebs patimrobis dawesebulebis imave sqesis TanamSromeli.424”

kanonmdebloba aseve ganixilavs iseT komponentebs, ro-goricaa korespondenciis xelSeuxebloba425 da areguli-rebs misi Semowmebis standartebs kanoniT dadgenili au-cileblobis SemTxvevaSi, “braldebulis/msjavrdebulis korespondencia eqvemdebareba Semowmebas, rac moicavs vi-zualur daTvalierebas, korespondenciis Sinaarsis gac-nobis gareSe, xolo ukidures SemTxvevaSi, dasabuTebuli varaudisas, Tu SesaZlebelia iseTi informaciis gavrce-leba, romelic safrTxes Seuqmnis sazogadoebriv wesrigs, sazogadoebriv usafrTxoebas an sxva pirTa uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs, administracia uflebamosilia gaecnos korespondenciis Sinaarss da saWiroebisamebr SezRudos misi adresatisTvis gagzavna, ris Taobazedac dauyovne-bliv ecnobeba korespondenciis gamgzavns. daxuruli konvertiT miRebuli korespondencia unda gaixsnas bral-debulis/ msjavrdebulis TandaswrebiT. aRniSnuli ko-respondencia eqvemdebareba vizualur daTvalierebas, Sinaarsis gacnobis gareSe.”

patimrobis kodeqsi asev ganmartavs piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis komponents misi ojaxis wevrebTan Sexve-dris nawilSi da ganmartavs Tu ra SemTxvevaSi da ra for-miT aris SesaZlebeli Svxedris kontroli426 “pirebTan braldebulis/msjavrdebulis urTierTobis kontroli unda ganxorcieldes misi pativisa da Rirsebis Seulaxa-vad.”

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi vxvdebiT aseve daTq-

424 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 75. patimrobaSi miReba, p 2

425 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 16. braldebulis/msjavrdebu-lis mimowera, p. 4, 5 426 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 17. paemnis ufleba, p 3

230

mas TavisuflebaaRkveTili piris komunikaciis xelSeuxe-blobis komponentSi “satelefono saubari xorcieldeba braldebulis/msjavrdebulis xarjiT da administraciis kontroliT427”

evropis sasamarTlo praqtikis ganxilvisas piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis uflebis darRvevis mimarTu-lebiT SegviZlia ganvixiloT saqme RaribaSvili saqarTve-los winaaRmdeg, sadac sasamarTlo Segvaxsenebs, rom kon-venciis me-3 muxli saTuTad icavs demokratiuli sazo-gadoebis erT-erT fundamentur Rirebulebas, romelic nebismier SemTxvevaSi krZalavs wamebas, an araadamianur, an Rirsebis Semlaxvel mopyrobas, an dasjas. sasamarTlo mraval garemoebaze dayrdnobiT adgens, rom xelisufle-ba valdebulia, daicvas piris xelSeuxebloba patimro-bisas, miuxedavad am piris mimarT arsebuli gonivruli eWvisa, rac gamyarebulia mtkicebulebebiT. es mtkiceba SeiZleba momdinareobdes sakmarisad Zlieri, naTeli da SeTanxmebuli daskvnis erTobliobidan428.

piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobasTan dakavSirebiT mniSvnelovan daTqmebs vxvdebiT sxvadasxva im saerTaSo-riso standartebis ganxilvisas, romlebic gansazRvraven patimrobis pirobebs, kerZod evropis cixis wesebi ganixi-lavs patimris sakuTrebas, rogorc calke Tavs429 “patimris sakuTreba”, sadac saubaria patimris piradi nivTebis Se-naxvis valdebulebaze, maT Sesabamis mdgomareobaSi Senax-vis wesebs da gaTavisuflebis SemTxvevaSi misi gadacemis sakiTxebs. “patimris sakuTrebaSi arsebuli nebismieri ni-vTi, romelic akrZalulia cixis Sida regulaciebiT (nor-matiuli aqtebiT), Senaxuli unda iqnas patimris dawesebu-lebaSi miRebisas. patimarma, romlis sakuTrebaSi arsebu-

427 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 19. satelefono saubari, amanaTisa da fuladi gzavnilis miReba-gagzavna

428 CASE of GHARIBASHVILI v. GEORGIA (#11830/03)429 evropis penitenciuri wesebi, Tavi patimris sakuTreba wesi 31.1 -31.7

231

li nivTebi inaxeba dawesebulebaSi, xeli unda moaweros am nivTebis CamonaTvals. am sakuTrebis karg mdgomareobaSi SesanarCuneblad unda gatardes zomebi. Tu saWiro iqna cnobili aseTi sakuTrebis ganadgureba, es unda dafiqsir-des da patimars ecnobos amis Sesaxeb. Tu patimrebs ufle-ba eZlevaT, sakuTrebaSi arsebuli nivTebi Tan iqonion, dawesebulebis xelmZRvanelobam zomebi unda miiRos maT dasacavad.”

rac Seexaba saerTaSoriso praqtikis gaxilvas, am Sem-TxvevaSi SesaZlebelia ganvixiloT irlandiis kanonmde-bloba, sadac vxvdebiT pirdapir miTiTebas patimris pirad sakuTrebasTan dakavSirebiT430, sadac aRniSnulia, rom “cixis adminisatracia valdebulia awarmoos patimris pi-radi nivTebis aRricxva, fulis CaTvliT, romelic mas aqvs an gadmoegzavna misi piradi moxmarebisTvis da yoveli es nivTi unda iyos Senaxuli msjavrdebulis gaTavisufle-bamde.”

piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis uflebis dacvis uzrunvelyofa mniSvnelovan komponents warmoadgens pa-timris cixeSi yofnis periodSi, raTa man SeZlos Seinar-Cunos misi individualurobis daculobis SegrZneba, rac mniSvnelovnad Seuwyobs xels misi resocializaciis pro-cess da sazogadoebaSi integracias.

6.12 saarCevno ufleba

xmis micemis ufleba ar aris privilegia. es naTlad ilustrirebulia gaerTianebuli samefosa da sxva qveyne-bis saparlamento istoriiT, sadac saukuneebis ganmavlo-baSi arCevnebSi monawileobis ufleba nel-nela gafarTo-vda calkeuli individebidan, elitaruli jgufebidan mo-saxleobis farTe fenebamde, rac mxardaWeril iqna xeli-

430 Statutory instruments, S.I. No. 252 of 2007, Prison Rules, Published by the sta-tionery office Dublin To be purchased directly from the Governement Publications Office

232

suflebis mier. sayovelTao saarCevno ufleba431 sabaziso principi gaxda.432

sayovelTao saarCevno uflebis gansamtkiceblad Sesa-bamisi debulebebi Caido sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso doku-mentSi. am mxriv aRsaniSnavia samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqti, romlis 25-e muxli ad-gens, rom `TiToeul moqalaqes me-2 muxlSi naxsenebi raime diskriminaciisa da dausabuTebeli SezRudvebis gareSe433 unda hqondes ufleba da SesaZlebloba: (a) monawileobdes saxelmwifo saqmeTa warmoebaSi, rogorc uSualod, ise Ta-visuflad arCeuli warmomadgenlebis saSualebiT. (b) mis-ces xma...~

samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb saerTa-Soriso paqtis me-40 muxlis me-4 punqtis Tanaxmad, adamia-nis uflebaTa komitetis mier 1996 wlis 12 ivliss miRebul zogad komentarebSi, komiteti acxadebs, inter alia, 25-e mu-xliT garantirebul uflebasTan dakavSirebiT: `TavianT angariSebSi monawile saxelmwifoebma unda miuTiTon da axsnan is sakanonmdeblo debulebebi, romlebic arTmevs moqalaqeebs xmis micemis uflebas. aseTi CamorTmevis sa-fuZveli unda iyos obieqturi da gonivruli. Tu msjavr-deba danaSaulisTvis aris xmis micemis uflebis SeCerebis safuZveli, SeCerebis xangrZlivoba unda iyos Tanazomie-ri danaSaulisa da sasjelisa. pirebs, romlebsac Tavisu-fleba aRkveTili aqvT, magram ar aqvT msjavri dadebuli, ar unda waerTvaT xmis micemis uflebis ganxorcielebis saSualeba.~

431 msjavrdebulis saarCevno uflebis Sesaxeb, aseve ix.: k. nikoleiS-vili, TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirTa saarCevno ufleba: saqarTve-los kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisoba saerTaSoriso standartebTan. k. korkelia (red.) adamianis uflebebis da samarTlis uzenaesoba, sta-tiaTa krebuli, Tbilisi, 2013, gv. 237-265.

432 meTiu-mohini da klerfauti belgiis winaaRmdeg (Matheiu-Mohin and Clerfayt v Belgium), 1987 wlis 2 marti. 51-e punqti

433 diskriminaciis safuZvlebia: rasa, kanis feri, sqesi, ena, religia, politikuri Tu sxva Sexeduleba, erovnuli Tu socialuri warmo-mavloba, qonebrivi, dabadebis an sxvagvari mdgomareoba.

233

sxvadasxva qveyanaSi arsebuli praqtikis analiziT da-dginda, rom saarCevno ufleba SeiZleba SeizRudos Svidi potenciuri garemoebiT – minimaluri asakis gansazRvriT, amomrCevlis sulieri aSlilobis mdgomareobiT, moqala-qeobis moTxovniT, saarCevno olqSi cxovrebis valdebu-lebiT, qveyanaSi garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi cxo-vrebis aucileblobiT, ucxoeTSi mcxovreb moqalaqeeb-Tan dakavSirebuli pirobebiTa da patimrobiT. msoflios umravles qveyanaSi CamoTvlili Svidi garemoebidan yve-laze xSirad pirveli oris safuZvelze gvxvdeba saarCevno uflebis SezRudva.434

patimarTaTvis saarCevno uflebis CamorTmeva momdi-nareobs rwmenidan, rom samoqalaqo sazogadoeba dafuZne-bulia fuZemdeblur xelSekrulebaze, rac yvelas avalde-bulebs daicvas kanoni. is, vinc kanons arRvevs, dadebul pirobas arRvevs da misi demokratiul procesSi monawi-leobis miReba arasaTanadod miiCneva. patimarTaTvis saar-Cevno uflebis micema rig praqtikul problemebs warmoS-obs, kerZod ki, rogor da sad ganaxorcielon xmis micema. politikuri uflebebis miniWeba patimarTaTvis kamaTis sagania. Tanamedrove sasjelaRsrulebis reJimis mizania moaxdinos patimris reabilitacia da ara dasja, xolo pa-timarTa saarCevno uflebis dacva aiolebs maT socialur reintegracias. zogierTis mosazrebiT gansxvaveba unda arsebobdes msubuqi da mZime danaSaulis Camden patimrebs Soris im kuTxiT, rom mxolod es ukanasknelni daeqvemde-baron arCevnebSi xmis micemis uflebis CamorTmevas.435

qveynebi, romlebic zRudaven patimarTa xmis micemis uflebas, sxvadasxva formiT axdenen aRniSnuls. yvelaze aprobirebuli gza aris saarCevno uflebis dakavSireba misjili Tavisuflebis aRkveTis xangrZlivobasTan. dad-genil minimalur vadaze meti xangrZlivobis Tavisufle-

434 A. Blais, L. Massicotte, A. Yoshinaka, Deciding Who Has the Right to Vote: a Com-parative Analysis of Election Laws, Electoral Studies, 20, 2001, pp. 41-62.435 Ibid.

234

bis aRkveTa arCevnebSi xmis micemis uflebis dakargvis momaswavlebelia. ase magaliTad, Sri lankaSi es vada 6 Tvea, kanadaSi – 2 weli, axal zelandiaSi – 3 da avstralia-Si – 5 weliwadia. iaponiasa da gaerTianebul samefoSi pa-timrebs yvelanairi saarCevno ufleba CamorTmeuli aqvT, maSin rodesac daniaSi, irlandiaSi, israelSi, SvedeTsa da SveicariaSi es ufleba SenarCunebulia patimrobis va-dis miuxedavad. sami qveyana gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa: safrangeTi, germania da saberZneTi. safrangeTSi Tavisu-flebis aRkveTa rigi danaSaulis CadenisTvis aris ufle-bebis CamorTmevis safuZveli, germaniaSi, msgavs ram xdeba saxelmwifos an demokratiuli wyobis winaaRmdeg mimar-Tuli danaSaulis Cadenisas, xolo saberZneTSi, uflebis CamorTmeva SeiZleba sanqciis Semadgeneli nawili iyos da masze gadawyvetileba TiToeul saqmeSi individualurad miiReba.436

or qveyanaSi, belgiasa da filipinebSi, arCevnebSi xmis micemis uflebis CamorTmevis periodi patimrobis vadaze xangrZlivia. belgiaSi patimrebs, romelTac 5 an meti wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa miesajaT, sicocxlis bolomde Ca-moerTmeva xmis micemis ufleba. 3-dan 5 wlamde Tavisufle-baaRkveTil pirebs, es ufleba SeuCerdebaT 12 wliT, xolo 4 Tvidan 3 wlamde msjavrdebulebs – 6 wliT. filipinebSi erTi an meti wlis vadiT msjavrdebulebs arCevnebSi xmis micemis ufleba aRudgebaT sasjelis moxdidan 5 wlis Sem-deg. SeerTebuli Statebis 14 Stati msjavrdebulebs xmis micemis uflebas samudamod arTmevs.437

sakiTxis siRrmiseulad gaanalizebisa da masTan dakav-Sirebuli problemebis gamovlenis mizniT, qvemoT warmo-dgenilia rigi qveynebisa da adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos praqtikis mimoxilva patimarTa mier saar-Cevno uflebis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebiT.

436 N. Mbodla, Should Prisoners Have a Right to Vote?, Journal of African Law, Vol. 46, No. 1, 2002, pp. 92-102.437 A. Blais, L. Massicotte, A. Yoshinaka, Deciding Who Has the Right to Vote: a Com-parative Analysis of Election Laws, Electoral Studies, 20, 2001, pp. 41-62.

235

(a) kanada

1992 wels kanadis uzenaesma sasamarTlom erTsu-lovnad gaauqma sakanonmdeblo debuleba, romelic ukrZa-lavda patimrebs xmis micemas.438 Setanil iqna cvlilebebi, romelmac SezRuda ori wliT da meti vadiT msjavrdebu-li patimrebis mimarT akrZalva. federalurma saapelacio sasamarTlom mxari dauWira am debulebas. amasTan am saq-meze kompetenciis damdgeni sasamarTlos gadawyvetile-bis Sedegad, uzenaesma sasamarTlom 2002 wlis 31 oqtom-bers saqmeSi sauve kanadis iusticiis ministris winaaRmdeg (no. 2) xuTi xmiT oTxis winaaRmdeg daadgina, rom 1985 wlis kanadis saarCevno aqtis 51(e)-e nawili, romelic krZalav-da xmis micemis uflebas gamosasworebel dawesebulebaSi myofi yvela patimrisTvis, romelic ixdida orwlian an ufro xangrZliv sasjels, arakonstituciuria, radgan is arRvevs uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa kanadis qartiis 1-el da me-3 muxlebs, romlis Tanaxmad:

`1. uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa kanadis qartia uzrun-velyofs masSi ganmtkicebul uflebebsa da Tavisufle-bebs mxolod iseTi gonivruli SezRudvebis gaTvaliswi-nebiT, romlebic daSvebulia kanoniT da SeiZleba iyos naTlad gamarTlebuli Tavisufal da demokratiul sazo-gadoebaSi.~

`3. kanadis yvela moqalaqes aqvs ufleba xma misces Tem-Ta palatisa an sakanonmdeblo asambleis wevrTa arCevneb-Si da iyos Tavad arCeuli.~439

(b) samxreT afrika

saqme avgusti da sxvebi saarCevno komisiisa da sxvebis winaaRmdeg (August and another v. Electoral Commission and others) (CCT8/99: 1999 (3) SA 1) aris erTaderTi samxreTafrikuli saqme, romelSic sakonstitucio sasamarTlom ganixila pa-

438 sauve kanadis winaaRmdeg (Sauve v. Canada) (no. 1), [2002] 3 S.C.R. 519.

439 hirsti gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg (Hirst v UK) (No. 2), ga-nacxadi No. 74025/01, 2005 wlis 6 oqtomberi, 35-e punqti.

236

timarTa saarCevno uflebasTan dakavSirebuli ganacxadi. pirveli ganmcxadebeli sasjels TaRliTobisTvis ixdida, xolo meore – miusjeli (braldebuli) iyo. orive patimro-baSi imyofeboda amomrCevelTa erovnul siaSi registra-ciisas. maT surdaT moaxloebul arCevnebSi xmis micema. sakonstitucio sasamarTlom mimoixila samxreT afrikis konstitucia da arCevnebTan dakavSirebuli kanonmdeblo-ba da ver aRmoaCina patimarTa mier arCevnebSi xmis micemas-Tan dakavSirebiT raime damabrkolebeli norma.

am saqmis Sedegi sammxriv mniSvnelovania. pirvel rig-Si, saarCevno siebSi registraciis periodSi patimrobaSi myof pirebs unda mieceT daregistrirebis SesaZleblo-ba. meore rigSi, patimrobaSi myof yvela registrirebul pirs, maT Soris maT, visac exeba daregistrirebis brZaneba, unda mieceT xmis micemis ufleba. da bolos, samxreT afri-kis patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebule-bebSi xmis micema rogorc SesaZlebeli, ise ganxorciele-badi gaxda.440

samxreT afrikis konstituciiT, yoveli srulwlovani moqalaqis ufleba, xma mieca sakanonmdeblo organos ar-CevnebSi, dadgenili iyo upirobod da es xazs usvams ufle-bis mniSvnelobas: `xmis micemis uflebis sayovelTaoba mniSvnelovania ara mxolod saxelmwifoebriobisa da de-mokratiisaTvis. TiToeuli da yvela moqalaqis xma aris niSani Rirsebisa da individualobisa. gadauWarbebeli iq-neboda imis Tqma, rom yvela adamiani mniSvnelovania.~441

sakonstitucio sasamarTlom daadgina, rom xmis mice-mis ufleba Tavisi xasiaTiT sakanonmdeblo da aRmasrule-bel xelisuflebas akisrebs pozitiur valdebulebebs da saarCevno aqti unda ganimartos ise, rom konstituciuri deklaraciebi, garantiebi da pasuxismgebloba efeqtiani

440 N. Mbodla, Should Prisoners Have a Right to Vote?, Journal of African Law, Vol. 46, No. 1, 2002, pp. 92-102.441 avgusti da sxvebi saarCevno komisiisa da sxvebis winaaRmdeg (Au-gust and another v. Electoral Commission and others) (CCT8/99: 1999 (3) SA 1), 17-e punqti.

237

iyos. man miuTiTa, rom bevri demokratiuli sazogadoeba garkveuli kategoriis patimrebis mimarT iTvaliswinebs saarCevno SezRudvebs.442 miuxedavad imisa, rom konsti-tuciaSi ar aris Sesabamisi debulebebi, is aRiarebs, rom SezRudvebi SeiZleba dawesdes fundamenturi uflebebis ganxorcielebaze, Tu isini, inter alia, aris gonivruli da gamarTlebuli. sakiTxi, aris Tu ara gamarTlebuli kons-tituciis mixedviT iseTi kanonmdeblobis arseboba, ro-melic patimarTa uflebebs SezRudavda, ar wamoWrila sa-marTalwarmoebis dros da rom es gadawyvetileba ar unda iqnas imgvarad gagebuli, TiTqos is ukrZalavs parlaments garkveuli kategoriis patimrebis mimarT ar dauSvas ar-CevnebSi monawileobis uflebis CamorTmeva. aseTi kanonm-deblobis ararsebobis pirobebSi, patimrebs aqvT konsti-tuciuri ufleba, xma miscen da arc saarCevno komisia da arc sakonstitucio sasamarTlo ar aris uflebamosili CamoarTvas maT arCevnebSi monawileobis ufleba.443

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos praqtika

adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dac-vis evropuli konvenciis pirveli damatebiTi oqmis444 me-3 muxli Tavisufali arCevnebis uflebas exeba: `maRali xel-Semkvreli mxareebi kisruloben valdebulebebs, gonivru-li periodulobiT Caataron Tavisufali arCevnebi faru-li kenWisyriT iseT pirobebSi, romelic sakanonmdeblo organoebis arCevisas uzrunvelyofs xalxis neba-survi-lis Tavisufal gamoxatvas.~

konvenciis aRniSnuli muxliT garantirebuli uflebis realizacia ganxilul iqna araerTxel adamianis ufleba-Ta evropul sasamarTloSi. patimarTa saarCevno uflebis

442 iqve, 26-e punqti.


444 parizi, 1952 wlis 20 marti.

238

CamorTmevasTan dakavSirebiT erT-erT yvelaze cnobili da precedentuli saqmea hirsti gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg (Hirst v. UK).445

msjavrdebul hirstma, romelsac 1983 wlis saxalxo aqtis warmomadgenlobis me-3 nawiliT aekrZala saparla-mento da adgilobriv arCevnebSi xmis micema, aRZra samar-Talwarmoeba umaRles sasamarTloSi 1998 wlis adamianis uflebaTa aqtis me-4 Tavis safuZvelze da moiTxova, rom es debuleba gamoecxadaT Seusabamod adamianis uflebaTa evropul konvenciasTan.446

sxva saxelmwifoebSi arsebuli praqtikis Seswavlisas, man daaskvna, rom evropaSi mxolod rva qveyana, gaerTiane-buli samefos CaTvliT, ar aniWebs msjavrdebuls xmis mi-cemis uflebas, maSin rodesac oci saxelmwifo ar arTmevs arCevnebSi monawileobis uflebas, xolo rva saxelmwifo arCevnebSi monawileobis uflebis CamorTmevaze SezRud-vebs awesebs.447

saqmesTan dakavSirebuli garemoebebis ganxilvis Sede-gad sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom is [1983 wlis saxalxo aqtis warmomadgenlobis me-3 nawili] arTmevs konvenciiT ga-Tvaliswinebul xmis micemis uflebas pirTa mniSvnelovan kategorias da amas axdens ganurCevlad. debuleba adgens blanketur SezRudvas Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebu-lebaSi myofi yvela msjavrdebulis mimarT. is gamoiyeneba avtomaturad aseTi pirebis mimarT, miuxedavad maTi sas-jelis xangrZlivobisa da miuxedavad danaSaulis xasiaTi-sa da simZimis, maTi individualuri garemoebebisa. aseTi zogadi, avtomaturi da ganurCeveli SezRudva sasico-cxlod mniSvnelovani konvenciiseuli uflebisa, scilde-ba raime misaRebi Sefasebis farglebs, rac ar unda farTo

445 hirsti gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg (Hirst v UK) (No. 2), ga-nacxadi No. 74025/01, 2005 wlis 6 oqtomberi.



239

iyos es farglebi da unda iqnas miCneuli pirveli oqmis me-3 muxlTan SeuTavseblad.448

saqmeSi froldi avstriis449 winaaRmdeg adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo (pirveli seqcia) SeSfo-Tebas gamoxatavda avstriis kanonmdeblobis im nawilTan dakavSirebiT, romlis safuZvelzec arCevnebSi xmis mi-cemis ufleba CamoerTva danaSaulis Cadenis mcdelobaSi msjavrdebul pirebs, romelTac erTi an meti wliT Tavi-suflebis aRkveTa SeefardaT.450 sasamarTlom daadgina konvenciis pirveli damatebiTi oqmis me-3 muxlis darRve-va, daefuZna ra didi palatis gadawyvetilebas hirstis sa-qmesTan dakavSirebiT: `hirstis testis mixedviT, miuxeda-vad avtomaturi da blanketuri SezRudvebis arsebobisa, konkretuli garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, aucilebeli elementia arCevnebSi xmis micemis uflebis CamorTmevis Taobaze mosamarTlis mier gadawyvetilebis miReba, da rom unda arsebobdes kavSiri Cadenil danaSaulsa da ar-CevnebTan da demokratiul institutebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs Soris~.451 sasamarTlom damatebiT ganacxada, rom `aRniSnuli kriteriumis miznis arsi aris arCevnebSi xmis micemis uflebis CamorTmevis SesaZleblobis, ro-gorc gamonaklisi SemTxvevis, damkvidreba, Tundac msja-vrdebulebTan mimarTebiT~.452

froldis motivacia gaTvaliswinebul iqna sasamarT-los (meore seqcia) mier saqmis skopola italiis winaaR-mdeg453 ganxilvisas. aRniSnul saqmeSi sasamarTlom pati-marTaTvis, romelTac sami da meti wliT Tavisuflebis


449 froldi avstriis winaaRmdeg (Frold v Austria), 2010 wlis 8 aprili.

450 S. Briant, The requirements of prisoners voting rights: mixed messages from Stras-bourg, The Cambridge Law Journal, Volume 70, Issue 02, July 2011, pp. 279-282.

451 froldi avstriis winaaRmdeg (Frold v Austria), 2010 wlis 8 aprili, 34-e punqti.


453 skopola italiis winaaRmdeg (Scopolla v Italy), (no. 3), 2012 wlis 22 maisi.

240

aRkveTa hqonda misjili, arCevnebSi xmis micemis ufle-bis CamorTmeva konvenciis pirveli fakultaturi oqmis me-3 muxlis darRvevad scno. sasamarTlos ukmayofileba im faqtma gamoiwvia, rom arCevnebSi xmis micemis uflebis CamorTmeva `avtomaturad~ iyo gamowveuli Tavisufle-bis aRkveTiT, rac xdeboda sasamarTlos mier imis ganxil-vis gareSe, Tu ramdenad dakavSirebuli iyo xmis micemis uflebis CamorTmeva.454

hirstis saqmis erTgvari gagrZeleba iyo saqme grinsi da m.t. gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg.455 ganmcxadeblebi asaCivrebdnen, rom rogorc patimrobaSi myofi msjavr-debuli pirebi, isini daeqvemdebarnen blanketur normas arCevnebSi xmis micemis akrZalvasTan dakavSirebiT da, Sesabamisad, ver SeZles xma miecaT evroparlamentis ar-CevnebSi 2009 wlis ivnissa da saerTo arCevnebSi 2010 wlis maisSi, rac arRvevs konvenciis pirveli oqmis me-3 muxliT garantirebul uflebebs.456

saqmis ganxilvis Sedegad sasamarTlom daaskvna, rom Sesabamisma kanonmdeblobam, kerZod 1983 wlis aqtis me-3 nawilma ar ganicada damateba hirstis saqmis Semdeg, ris gamoc ganmcxadeblebma ver SeZles xma miecaT gaerTiane-buli samefos saerTo arCevnebSi 2010 wlis maisSi. blanke-turi akrZalva, romelic SemoRebuli iqna 1983 wlis aqtis me-3 nawiliT, gavrcelda evroparlamentis arCevnebze 2002 wlis aqtis me-8 nawilis safuZvelze, ris gamoc ganmcxade-blebma ver SeZles xma miecaT 2009 wlis ivnisis evroparla-mentis arCevnebSi.457 aRniSnuli mosazrebebi sakmarisi aR-moCnda sasamarTlos daskvnisTvis, rom orive ganmcxade-blis mimarT dairRva konvenciis pirveli oqmis me-3 muxli.

454 S. Briant, The Requirements of Prisoners Voting Rights: Mixed Messages from Stras-bourg, The Cambridge Law Journal, Volume 70, Issue 02, July 2011, pp. 279-282.

455 grinsi da m.t. gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg (Greens and M.T. v UK), 2010 wlis 23 noemberi.


457 iqve, 78–e punqti.

241

saqarTvelo

axlo warsulSi saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasa-marTlos mier ganxilul iqna konstituciuri sarCeli N431 saqarTvelos moqalaqe Salva ramiSvili saqarTvelos parlamentis winaaRmdeg.458 davis sagani iyo saqarTvelos organuli kanonis `saqarTvelos saarCevno kodeqsi~ me-5 muxlis me-2 punqtis sityvebis, `an sasamarTlos ganaCeniT sasjelis aRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi imyofeba~, konsti-tuciuroba saqarTvelos konstituciis me-7459 da 28-e460 muxlebTan mimarTebiT. mosarCele, saqarTvelos moqalaqe Salva ramiSvili sakonstitucio sarCelis wardgenis mo-mentisTvis iyo msjavrdebuli, romelic Tbilisis saqala-qo sasamarTlos 2006 wlis 29 martis ganaCeniT damnaSaved iqna cnobili gamoZalvaSi da imyofeboda Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi.

konstituciur sarCelSi mosarCele yuradRebas amax-vilebda saqarTvelos konstituciis me-7 da 28-e muxle-bze. misi gancxadebiT, saqarTvelos konstituciis me-2 TavSi, konkretulad ki – 28-e muxlSi gaTvaliswinebuli uflebebi, maTi SezRudvisas, unda yofiliyo ganxiluli saqarTvelos konstituciis me-7 muxlTan kavSirSi. saqar-Tvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos praqtikidan gamom-dinare, saqarTvelos konstituciis me-7 muxli aris Tana-zomierebis principis zogadi safuZveli.461

konstituciur sarCelSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom kons-

458 N2/1/431, q. baTumi, 2008 wlis 31 marti.

459 saxelmwifo cnobs da icavs adamianis sayovelTaod aRiarebul uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs, rogorc waruval da uzenaes ada-mianur Rirebulebebs. xelisuflebis ganxorcielebisas xalxi da saxelmwifo SezRuduli arian am uflebebiTa da TavisuflebebiT, rogorc uSualod moqmedi samarTliT.

460 arCevnebsa da referendumebSi monawileobis ufleba ara aqvs mo-qalaqes, romelic sasamarTlom qmeduunarod scno an sasamarTlos ganaCeniT imyofeba sasjelis aRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi.

461 iqve, nawili I, me-4 punqti.

242

truqciis TvalsazrisiT, sadavo norma da saqarTvelos konstituciis 28-e muxlis me-2 punqti identuria, magram aqtiuri saarCevno uflebis SezRudvis wesi azrobrivad iq ar mTavrdeba, sadac 28-e muxlis me-2 punqti. konsti-tuciur normaSi gadmocemuli namdvili azris gasagebad saWiroa ara mxolod gramatikuli, aramed sistemuri ana-lizis gamoyenebac. am SemTxvevaSi, saqarTvelos konsti-tuciis 28-e muxlis me-2 punqtis interpretacia, konsti-tuciis me-7 muxlis gaTvaliswinebiT, Semdegnairi iqneba: arCevnebSi da referendumSi monawileobis ufleba ar aqvs moqalaqes, romelic sasamarTlom scno qmeduunarod an sasamarTlos ganaCeniT imyofeba sasjelaRsrulebis dawe-sebulebaSi, ramdenadac es aucilebelia legitimuri miz-nis misaRwevad demokratiul sazogadoebaSi. sadavo norma araproporciulad zRudavs saqarTvelos konstituciis 28-e muxliT dadgenil saarCevno uflebas. is ver CaiTvle-ba Tanabarzomierad im legitimur miznebTan mimarTebiT, romlebic mocemul SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba gaaCndes saxel-mwifos.462

mosarCele paralels avlebda saqarTvelos konsti-tuciis 28-e muxlsa da adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli konvenciis pirveli da-matebiTi oqmis me-3 muxls Soris. orive norma ar Seicavs moTxovnas, rom saarCevno uflebis SezRudva legitimu-ri miznis proporciulad unda moxdes. miuxedavad amisa, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos praqtika cx-adyofs, rom ar unda ganxorcieldes aqtiuri saarCevno uflebis araproporciuli SezRudva.463

mosarCelis gancxadebiT, konstitucia unda iqnas ganxiluli, rogorc cocxali organizmi, romelic mudmi-vad viTardeba qveyanaSi Seqmnili mdgomareobisa da ada-mianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTalSi arsebuli vi-



243

Tarebis Sesabamisad. amis gaTvaliswinebiT, unda moxdes konstituciis ama Tu im normis interpretacia. igi Tvli-da, rom sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebSi myofi pire-bis nawils, maT mier Cadenili danaSaulis mixedviT, unda mieces aqtiuri saarCevno ufleba.464

mosarCelis aRniSnuli gancxadeba aris demokratia sa-marTlis meSveobiT evropuli komisiis mier (veneciis ko-misia) Tavis 51-e plenarul sxdomaze (2002 wlis 5-6 ivlisi) miRebuli da evropis sabWos saparlamento asambleisTvis 2002 wlis 6 noembers wardgenili dokumentis gamoxmaure-ba. dokumenti Seicavs komisiis saxelmZRvanelo pricipebs im garemoebebis mimarT, rodesac SeiZleba CamorTmeul iq-nas xmis micemisa da kenWisyraSi monawileobis ufleba:

`d. ...i. SeiZleba dawesdes debuleba, xmis micemisa da

kenWisyris uflebis pirisTvis CamorTmevis Sesaxeb, magram mxolod Semdegi krebiTi pirobebis safuZvelze:

ii. is unda iyos kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli;iii. unda iyos daculi Tanazomierebis principi; ar-

CevnebSi kenWisyris uflebis CamorTmevis pirobebi Sei-Zleba naklebad mkacri iyos, vidre xmis uflebis CamorT-meva;

iv. CamorTmeva unda efuZnebodes gonebriv uunarobas an sisxlissamarTlebriv msjavrdebas seriozuli danaSau-lisTvis.

v. amasTanave, politikur uflebaTa CamorTmeva an go-nebrivi uunarobis dadgena SeiZleba mxolod sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT.~465

sakonstitucio sasamarTlom ganmarta, rom saqarTve-los konstituciis meore Tavis normebi adgenen ara mxo-lod ZiriTadi uflebebis Sinaarssa da farglebs, aramed am uflebebis subieqtTa wres. zog SemTxvevaSi es wre Seu-



244

zRudavia, xolo xSirad igi garkveul farglebSia moqceu-li ama Tu im niSnis mixedviT. saqarTvelos konstituciis 28-e muxlis normebis umravlesoba swored am mizans em-saxureba. 28-e muxlis pirveli punqtidan gamomdinare, ar-CevnebSi monawileobis ufleba ar aqvT im pirebs, romle-bic ar arian saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi, aseve maT, vinc arian saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi, magram ar SesrulebiaT 18 weli. 28-e muxlis meore punqti ki amomrCevelTa rigebidan gamoricxavs sasamarTlos mier qmeduunarod cnobil mo-qalaqeebs da moqalaqeebs, romlebic sasamarTlos ganaCe-niT imyofebian sasjelis aRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi. es moqalaqeebi, konstituciis mixedviT, izolirebuli arian saarCevno procesisgan da ar arsebobs raime piroba, garda sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi yofnis dasrulebisa, romelic maT saarCevno uflebis mqone subieqtTa wreSi daabrunebda. konstitucia mkafiod adgens, rom sasjelis aRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi sasamarTlos ganaCeniT myof moqalaqes `arCevnebsa da referendumSi monawileobis ufleba ara aqvs...~. am CanaweriT kanonmdebels moeWra saarCevno uflebis subieqtTa wris gafarToebis gza. ab-soluturad uSedego iqneba sakonstitucio sasamarTlos mier sadavo normis Zaladakargulad gamocxadeba, radga-nac es ar gamoiyvans mosarCeles saqarTvelos konstitu-ciis 28-e muxlis me-2 punqtiT dadgenili akrZalvis moq-medebis arealidan. amisTvis saWiroa konstituciis Sesa-bamis normaSi cvlilebebis ganxorcieleba, rac scildeba saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos kompetencias. zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, mosarCele ar aris im Zi-riTadi uflebis subieqti, romelTan dakavSirebiTac mas aqvs Semotanili konstituciuri sarCeli sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi,466 ris gamoca mas uari eTqva sakonstitucio sarCelis arsebiTad gansaxilvelad miRebaze.

466 saqarTvelos moqalaqe Salva ramiSvili saqarTvelos parlamen-tis winaaRmdeg, sakonstitucio sarCeli #431, N2/1/431, q. baTumi, 2008 wlis 31 marti, nawili II, me-2 punqti.

245

veneciis komisiis aqtiuri CarTulobiTa da wardge-nili rekomendaciebis gaTvaliswinebiT, 2011 wlis 27 de-kembers saqarTvelos konstituciaSi ganxorcielda rigi cvlilebebi, maT Soris, cvlileba Seexo konstituciis 28-e muxlis me-2 punqts, romlis redaqciiT braldebulis garda, arCevnebSi xmis micemis ufleba mieca yvela im pirs, romelmac naklebad mZime danaSauli Caidina.467 aRniSnuli konstituciuri cvlileba aisaxa saqarTvelos saarCevno kodeqsSi, romlis me-3 muxlis à.g.~ qvepunqtis safuZvel-ze àrCevnebSi, referendumsa da plebiscitSi monawileo-bis ufleba ara aqvs saqarTvelos moqalaqes, romelic . . . sasamarTlos ganaCeniT imyofeba patimrobis/Tavisufle-bis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi, garda im pirisa, romelsac Cadenili aqvs naklebad mZime danaSauli~.

cvlilebebis ganmtkicebisa da 2012 wlis saparlamen-to arCevnebSi msjavrdebulTa Sesabamisi kategoriis xmis micemis uzrunvelsayofad, saqarTvelos saarCevno kodeq-sis 184-e muxlis 91-e punqtiT saqarTvelos sasjelaRsru-lebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa sa-ministros daevala 2012 wlis 15 ivlisamde gadaeca amomr-CevelTa siebis dazustebis komisiisTvis monacemebi saar-Cevno uflebis mqone im pirTa Sesaxeb, romelTac hqondaT Cadenili naklebad mZime danaSauli. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom saparlamento arCevnebi 2012 wlis 1 oqtombers Ca-tarda da uzrunvelyofil iyo patimrobaSi/Tavisufle-bis aRkveTis adgilebSi aqtiuri saarCevno uflebis mqone pirTa Seyvana amomrCevelTa siaSi, saqarTvelos saarCevno kodeqsma daadgina àmomrCevelTa erTiani siis ganaxlebis mizniT am muxlis me-5 punqtis ... `z~ qvepunqtebSi miTiTe-buli dawesebulebebi [saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis saministro] – weliwadSi oTxjer saarCevno

467 arCevnebsa da referendumebSi monawileobis ufleba ara aqvs mo-qalaqes, romelic sasamarTlom qmeduunarod scno an sasamarTlos ganaCeniT imyofeba sasjelis aRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi, garda im pirisa, romelmac Caidina naklebad mZime danaSauli.

246

uflebis armqone pirTa Sesaxeb ganaxlebul an axal mo-nacemebs gadascemen ceskos am punqtiT gansazRvrul va-debSi [yoveli wlis 1 Tebervals, 1 maiss, 15 ivliss da 1 noembers]~,468 da `amomrCevelTa specialur siaSi SehyavT: g) amomrCevlebi, romlebic kenWisyris dRes patimrobaSi imyofebian. am pirTa sias adgens Sesabamisi sasjelaRsru-lebis dawesebulebis xelmZRvaneli da kenWisyramde arau-gvianes me-6 dRisa gadascems Sesabamis saolqo saarCevno komisias~.469 im pozitiuri faqtis paralelurad, rac uka-vSirdeba msjavrdebulTa Sesabamisi kategoriis monawi-leobas 2012 wlis 1 oqtombris saparlamento arCevnebSi, unda aRiniSnos, rom saarCevno kodeqsis 31-e muxlis me-6 punqtis safuZvelze naklebad mZime danaSaulis Camden msjavrdebulebTan mimarTebiT, romelTac Tavisuflebis aRkveTa 2012 wlis 16 ivlisidan 2012 wlis 1 oqtombramde miesajaT, konstituciis 28-e muxlis me-2 punqtisa da saar-Cevno kodeqsis me-3 muxlis ̀ a.g.~ qvepunqtis moTxovna ugu-lebelyofil iqna.

patimrebisTvis xmis micemis uflebis uaryofa SeiZle-ba miCneul iqnas gzavnilad, romelic Zirs uTxris kano-nisa da demokratiis pativiscemas, vidre gzavnilad, ro-melic zrdis am faseulobebs. kanonis legitimuroba da valdebuleba, rom daemorCilo kanons, pirdapir gamomdi-nareobs TiToeuli moqalaqis uflebidan misces xma. xmis micemis uflebis akrZalva patimrebisTvis aris demokra-tiuli faseulobebisa da socialuri pasuxismgeblobis maTTvis swavlebis mniSvnelovani saSualebis xelidan gaS-veba da es ewinaaRmdegeba CarTulobis, Tanasworobisa da moqalaqeobrivi monawileobis demokratiul principebs da SeuTavsebelia TiToeuli adamianis Rirsebis pativis-cemasTan.470

468 muxli 31, me-6 punqti.

469 muxli 32, `g~ qvepunqti.


247

arsebobs azrTa sxvadasxvaoba, Tu ratom unda iqnas miCneuli fundamenturi demokratiuli uflebis [xmis mi-cemis uflebis] akrZalva, saxelmwifo dasjis formad. is arc kanonieri sasjelis formad unda CaiTvalos, radgan aris TviTneburi da ar emsaxureba sisxlissamarTlebriv mizans. is ar aris morgebuli individualuri kanondamrR-vevis moqmedebebze da garemoebebze da faqtobrivad ara-nairi kavSiri aqvs kanondamrRvevis konkretul danaSaul-Tan, radgan arsebuli monacemebi ar iZleva saSualebas ganvacxadoT, rom arCevnebSi monawileobis uflebis Ca-morTmevam Seamcira danaSauli an moaxdina damnaSaveTa re-abilitacia.471

zemoT Camoyalibebuli poziciis miuxedavad, gasaTva-liswinebelia is azri, rom yvela kategoriis patimars ar unda hqondes arCevnebSi xmis micemis ufleba. es pozicia, dafuZnebulia samoqalaqo pasuxismgelobasa da samarT-lis uzenaesobis pativiscemaze da or ZiriTad mizans em-saxureba - samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobis waxalisebasa da sisxlissamarTlebrivi sanqciis zogadi miznebis gazrdas. mizani, rom gaizrdos samoqalaqo pasuxismgebloba da sa-marTlis uzenaesobis pativiscema, ukavSirdeba kargi mo-qalaqeobis waxalisebas. seriozuli danaSaulis socialu-ri uaryofa asaxavs im zneobriv sazRvars, romelic icavs socialur kontraqtsa da samarTlis uzenaesobas, zrdis individebsa da sazogadoebas Soris kavSiris mniSvnelo-bas.

sisxlissamarTlebrivi sanqciis zogadi miznebis gazr-da warmoadgens marTebul mizans xelisuflebisTvis, rom ganaviTaros saTanado sanqciebi da sasjelebi gansakuTre-biT mZime danaSaulis Camdeni pirisTvis. arCevnebSi monawi-leobis uflebis CamorTmeva aris samoqalaqo ufleba-uu-naroba, romelic gamomdinareobs sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobidan. is SeiZleba iyos Tanazomieri, vinai-

471 iqve.

248

dan RonisZieba SesaZloa racionalurad iyos dakavSire-

buli miznebTan da iyos frTxilad morgebuli gansaku-

TrebiT mZime danaSaulebis Camdeni damnaSaveebis mimarT

gamosayeneblad. gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulis Camdeni

pirebisTvis arCevnebSi xmis micemis uflebis CamorTme-

va gzavnilia rogorc sazogadoebisTvis, ise Tavad dam-

naSaveebisTvis, rom sazogadoeba ar moiTmens seriozul

sisxlissamarTlebriv danaSauls. am mosazrebis mixedviT,

sazogadoebas SeuZlia airCios, rom droebiT SeuzRudos

xmis micemis uflebis SesaZlebloba gansakuTrebiT mZime

danaSaulis Camden pirebs, daJinebiT moiTxovos, rom sa-

moqalaqo pasuxismgeloba da samarTlis uzenaesobis pati-

viscema, rogorc miznebi, romelTa miRwevac didi mniSvne-

lobisaa, iyos demokratiuli monawileobis winapiroba.472


249

meSvide Tavi

sasjelaRsrulebis sistemis gadatvirTuloba da misi aRmofxvris meqanizmebi

7.1. gadatvirTuloba

patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebule-bebis gadatvirTuloba da cixis mosaxleobis zrda war-moadgens mniSvnelovan problemas patimrobisa da Tavisu-flebis aRkveTis dawesebulebebis administraciisTvis da sisxlis samarTlebrivi sistemisTvis rogorc adamianis uflebebis, aseve sasjelaRsrulebis institutebis efeq-turi menejmentis mimarTulebiT.473

gadatvirTulobis maqsimaluri doneebis Tavidan asa-cileblad, unda ganisazRvros sasjelaRsrulebis insti-tutebis maqsimaluri SesaZleblobebi.474 wamebis preven-ciis evropulma komitetma aRiara, rom gadatvirTulobis problema pirdapir jdeba mis mandatSi. Tu dadgenilze meti patimris ganTavseba moxdeba dawesebulebaSi, amas uaryofiTi zegavlena eqneba patimarTaTvis moqmed yvela momsaxurebasa da aqtivobaze. cxovrebis pirobebis arse-buli xarisxi Semcirdeba, rig SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovna-dac. ufro metic, dawesebulebas an mis romelime nawilSi gadatvirTuloba, Tavisi fizikuri mdgomareobiT, Se-saZloa gauTanabrdes araadamianur da Rirsebis Semlaxav mopyrobas.475

rodesac dgas gadatvirTulobis problema, yuradRe-ba unda gamaxvildes adamianur Rirsebaze, patimrobisa

473 evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia #(99)22 cix-is gadatvirTulobisa da cixis mosaxleobis gazrdis Taobaze, pre-ambula, evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendaciebi sas-jelaRsrulebisa da probaciis sferoSi, s.s.i.p. sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis saswavlo centris gamocema, Tbilisi, 2008, gv. 145

474 iqve, muxli 6, gv. 148

475 2nd General Report of the CPT, CPT/Inf (92) 3, paragraph 46, at http://www.cpt.coe.int/en/annual/rep-02.htm#III.b.

250

da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis administracia unda iswrafvodes gamoiyenos adamianuri da pozitiuri mopyroba, moaxdinos personalis rolis sruli aRqma da danergos efeqturi Tanamedrove menejmentis midgomebi.476 patimrobisTvis uzrunvelyofili Senoba, gansakuTrebiT ki saZinebeli korpusi, unda pasuxobdes adamianis Rirse-bis pativiscemis da, SeZlebisdagvarad, ganmartoebis mo-Txovnebs. garda amisa, daculi unda iyos janmrTelobisa da higienis moTxovnebi, klimaturi pirobebisa da, gansaku-TrebiT, farTis odenobis, haeris moculobis, ganaTebisa da ventilaciis pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT.477 erovnuli kanonmdebloba unda iTvaliswinebdes meqanizmebs, romle-bic uzrunvelyofs imas, rom am moTxovnebis darRveva ar moxdes cixeebis gadatvirTulobiT.478

prokurorebi da mosamarTleebi unda CaerTon sisxlis samarTlis politikis dagegmvaSi cixis mosaxleobis zr-dasTan da cixis gadatvirTulobasTan dakavSirebiT, im azriT, rom gamoxaton sakuTari mxardaWera da Tavidan ai-cilon sawinaaRmdego Sedegebis momcemi sasjelebis praq-tika.479

evropis sabWo wevri saxelmwifoebis xelisulebas mouwodebs xeli Seuwyon im zomebis ganviTarebas, rome-lic Seamcirebs arsebuli sasjelis moxdis vadebs, romlis drosac upiratesoba miecema individualur zomebs, rogo-

476 evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia #(99)22 cixis gadatvirTulobisa da cixis mosaxleobis gazrdis Taobaze, muxli 7, evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendaciebi sas-jelaRsrulebisa da probaciis sferoSi, s.s.i.p. sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis saswavlo centris gamocema, Tbilisi, 2008, gv. 148

477 evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia #(2006)2 cixis evropuli wesebis Sesaxeb, wesi 18.1, probaciis saerTaSori-so standartebis krebuli – saxelmZRvanelo praqtikosebisaTvis, Tbilisi 2010, gv. 66

478 iqve, wesi 18.4, gv. 67

479 evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia #(99)22 cixis gadatvirTulobisa da cixis mosaxleobis gazrdis Taobaze, muxli 19, gv. 151

251

ricaa pirobiT vadamde gaTavisufleba, vidre koleqtiur zomebs cixis gadatvirTulobis menejmentisas (amnistia, koleqtiuri Sewyaleba).480

saqarTveloSi bolo aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi mkveTrad icvleboda braldebulTa da msjavrdebulTa statistika. kerZod, 2004w. – 7867 braldebuli/msjavrdebuli, 2007w. – 18309, 2010w. – 23684,481 xolo 2013 wlis ivlisis mdgomareo-biT am cifrma 9255 braldebuli/msjavrdebuli Seadgina.482

saerTaSoriso praqtikaSi dadgenilia braldebul-Ta da msjavrdebulTa raodenobis gamoTvla asi aTas mo-saxleze. aRniSnuli maCveneblebis mixedviT saqarTvelo-Si yovel asi aTas mosaxleze (Eurostat–is oficialuri mo-nacmebiT 4.54 milion mosaxleobaze) Semdegi raodenobis braldebuli/msjavrdebuli modioda: 2004w. – 182, 2007w. – 418 da 2010w. – 530.483 analogiuri principiT, 2013 wlis md-gomareobiT saqarTvelos braldebulTa/msjavrdebulta koeficienti Seadgens 204-s. analogiuri maCvenebeli sxva evropul qveynebSi Semdegia: geramania – 79 (marti, 2013w.), espaneTi – 147 (agvisto, 2013w.), safrangeTi – 102 (ivnisi, 2013w.), irlandia – 92 (ivlisi, 2013w.), moldova – 188 (apri-li, 2013w.), poloneTi – 218 (ivlisi, 2013w.), ukraina – 298 (agvisto, 2013w.), ruseTi – 477 (agvisto, 2013w.).484

480 iqve, muxli 23, gv. 152

481 Prison Studies Centre monacemebi, ix. http://prisonstudies.org/info/world-brief/wpb–country.php?country=122 482 saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli dax-marebis sakiTxTa saministros werili MCLA 3 13 00014973, 26.08.2013

483 Prison Studies Centre monacemebi, ix.http://prisonstudies.org/info/world-brief/wpb–country.php?country=122484 Prison Studies Centre 2013 wlis monacemebi, ix. http://prisonstudies.org/info/worldbrief/?search=europe&x=Europe

252

7.2 gadatvirTulobis problemis moxsnis meqanizmebi

7.2.1 sasjelis moxdisgan pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis sistema

pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis485 ufleba warmoad-gens yoveli TavisuflebaaRkveTili piris uflebas, romlis arsebobis gareSe faqtiurad SeuZlebelia pati-marTa resocializaciaze saubari.

pirobiT vadamde gaTavisufleba miznad unda isaxavdes msjavrdebulis daxmarebas, Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawe-sebulebaSi cxovreba gardaqmnas sazogadoebaSi kanon-morCil cxovrebad gaTavisuflebis Semdgomi pirobebis SeqmniTa da zedamxedvelobiT, ramac xeli unda Seuwyos am miznis miRwevas da wvlili Seitanos sazogadoebrivi usa-frTxoebis uzrunvelyofasa da danaSaulis SemcirebaSi.486

vadamde gaTavisuflebis maregulirebeli samarTali da politika umniSvnelovanesia Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dakisrebisa da aRsrulebisTvis, rameTu isini cxadhyofen im realobas, romliTac dgindeba Tu ramdenad xorciel-deba konstituciuri wyobilebis qveyanaSi dasjis Zalau-flebis SezRudva ufro zogadi principebiT, romelic sasjelis mizans emsaxureba.487

Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebebis gadatvir-Tuloba, rac dResdReobiT bevr qveyanaSi problemas war-moadgens, aiZulebs xelisuflebas imsjelos sasjelis gansazRvris politikaze, rom SezRudos an Seamciros patimrobis maCveneblebi. amgvari iniciativebi dafuZne-bulia `wina karis~ an/da `ukana karis~ strategiaze, rac

485 msjavrdebulis riskisa da saWiroebis Sefasebis Sesaxeb ix., m. SalikaSvili/d. CixlaZe, pirobiT vadamde gasaTavisuflebeli ms-javrdebulebisaTvis risk-faqtorebis Sefasebis kriminologiuri analizi. Tbilisi 2013.

486 evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia (2003)22 pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb, preambula

487 D. van Zyl Smit and Sonja Snacken, Principles of European Prison Law and Policy, Penology and Human Rights, Oxford University Press Inc., New York, 2011, p. 316

253

gulisxmobs msjavrdebulTa raodenobis Semcirebas ga-mowveuls alternatiuli sasjelebis gamoyenebis zrdiT (`wina karis~ strategia) da pirobiT vadamde gaTavisufle-bulTa raodenobis gazrdas (`ukana karis~ strategia).488 2006–dan 2013 wlamde saqarTveloSi `wina karis~ strate-gia ufro aqtiurad gamoiyeneboda, vidre pirobiT vadam-de gaTavisufleba,489 Tumca, aRniSnuli imdenad ar iyo ga-moxatuli alternatiuli sasjelebis gamoyenebis zrdiT, ramdenadac – pirobiTi msjavris SefardebiT.

evropis sabWo warmoadgens im saerTaSoriso organiza-cias, romlis saqmianobis erT-erT prioritetul mimar-Tulebas patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawese-bulebebis gantvirTva da msjavrdebulTa resocializa-ciis xelSewyoba warmoadgens. aRniSnuli miznis miRwevaSi mniSvnelovanwilad aqcenti keTdeba efeqturi pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis sistemis funqcionirebaze wevr saxelmwifoebSi. pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis sis-temis sworad warmarTvisa da efeqturi sistemebis Camo-yalibebis xelSewyobis mizniT evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetma specialuri rekomendaciac miiRo da rig sxva rekomendaciebSic gansakuTrebuli yuradReba gaamaxvila am sakiTxze.

am mxriv aRsaniSnavia evropis sabWos ministrTa komi-tetis (2003) 22 rekomendacia, romliTac pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis rogorc statistikuri aRricxvianobis warmoebis aucilebloba, aseve - gafarToebul konteqstSi kvleviTi saqmianobis warmoeba ganisazRvra, rac arsebuli

488 F. Dunkel, Kommentierung $57 StGB, in U. Kindhauser, U. Neumann and H. Paeff-gen (eds) Nomos Kommentar zum StrafgaseTzbuch. Vol. 1 (3rd edn.). Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlag 2010489 cixis saerTaSoriso reformis samxreT kavkasiis ofisis mier 2012 wlis 9 Tebervals mowodebuli statistikis Tanaxmad 2011 wlis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT 24114 patimari da msjavrdebuli iyo gan-Tavsebuli saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis departamentis daqvem-debarebaSi arsebul dawesebulebebSi, xolo probaciis erovnuli saagentos zedamxedvelobis qveS imyofeboda 38681 msjavrdebuli

254

pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis sistemis Sesabamisobasa da mis Semdom ganviTarebaze meti codnisa da informaciis miRebis saSualebis pirobas qmnis.

evropaSi pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis ori fun-damenturi saxe arsebobs, diskreciuli da savaldebulo anu avtomaturi gaTavisuflebis sistema. orive es sistema aRiarebulia evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis (2003)22 rekomendaciiT.

diskreciuli gaTavisuflebis sistema gulisxmobs pi-robiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis mopovebisTvis mosaxdeli sasjelis minimaluri vadis gansazRvras kanoniT.490 dis-kreciuli gaTavisuflebis sistema, rac efuZneba indivi-dualur Sefasebas, gamoiyeneba iseT qveynebSi rogoricaa avstria, xorvatia, estoneTi, ungreTi, poloneTi, ruse-Tis federacia, slovenia, espaneTi da CexeTis respubli-ka.491 saqarTveloc, arsebuli kanonmdeblobisa da praqti-kis TvalsazrisiT, swored evropuli qveynebis am jgufs miekuTvneba.

savaldebulo pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis Sem-TxvevaSi unda moxdes sasjelis im periodis gansazRvra, romelic msjavrdebulma unda moixados imisaTvis, rom gaTavisuflebis ufleba moipovos. savaldebulo piro-biT vadamde gaTavisuflebis sistemisas mxolod kanoniT gansazRvruli sagamonakliso SemTxvevebi unda arsebob-des gaTavisuflebis gadasavadeblad. amasTanave, gaTa-visuflebis gadavadebis SemTxvevaSi unda ganisazRvros pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis axali TariRi. fineTma, saberZneTma, SvedeTma da TurqeTma pirobiT vadamde gaTa-visuflebis savaldebulo forma danerges praqtikaSi.492

evropis sabWo upirobod emxroba pirobiT vadamde ga-

490 evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia (2003)22 pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb, punqti 16

491 N. Padfield, D. van Zyl Smit and F. Dunkel, Release from Prison, European Policy and Practice, Willan Publishing, USA, 2010, pg. 420492 iqve.

255

Tavisuflebis sistemis danergvas wevr saxelmwifoebSi, rac sisxlis samarTlis politikis Semadgeneli nawili unda iyos. am mxriv sayuradReboa ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia (99)22 cixis gadatvirTulobisa da cixis mo-saxleobis zrdis Taobaze, romlis preambulac miuTiTebs, rom patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebule-bebis gadatvirTuloba da `cixis mosaxleobis~ zrda war-moadgens mniSvnelovan problemas dawesebulebis adminis-traciisa da sisxlis samarTlis sistemisTvis rogorc ada-mianis uflebebis, ise sasjelaRsrulebis institutebis efeqturi marTvis TvalsazrisiT. amasTanave, rekomenda-cia miuTiTebs, rom ̀ Tavisuflebis aRkveTa unda ganixile-bodes rogorc ukidures SemTxvevaSi gamosayenebeli sanq-cia an zoma da Sesabamisad unda gamoiyenebodes mxolod im SemTxvevebSi, roca danaSaulis simZime sxva sanqciebisa da zomebis gamoyenebas aSkarad araadekvaturad gamoaCens.~493

rekomendacia xazgasmiT ayalibebs mniSvnelovan pos-tulats, romlis Tanaxmad `xeli unda Seewyos im zomebis ganviTarebas, romlebic Seamcirebs arsebuli sasjelis moxdis vadebs, romlis drosac upiratesoba miecema indi-vidualizebul zomebs, rogoricaa pirobiT vadamde gaTa-visufleba, vidre koleqtiur zomebs cixis gadatvirTu-lobis marTvisas (amnistia, koleqtiuri Sewyaleba).~494

vadamde gaTavisuflebis samarTlebrivi meqanizmebi evropis sxvadasxva qveyanaSi gansxvavebulia. miuxedavad imisa, rom pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis aqtiurad ga-moyenebisadmi damokidebuleba dRiTidRe pozitivisken icvleba, saxelmwifos meTauris uflebamosileba Seiwya-los msjavrdebulebi kvlavac kontinentis bevr saxel-mwifoSi rCeba msjavrdebulTa vadamde gaTavisuflebis yvelaze efeqtur saSualebad. masiuri Sewyalebis pro-cesi kvlavac realobas warmoadgens. maTi gamoyeneba gan-

493 evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia (99)22 cixis gadatvirTulobisa da cixis mosaxleobs zrdis Taobaze, punqti 1

494 iqve, punqti 23

256

sakuTrebiT aRiniSneba rogorc didi politikuri cvli-

lebebis periodSi (magaliTad rogorsac adgili hqonda

komunizmis Semdgom periodSi aRmosavleT evropaSi), aseve

- rogorc Cveulebrivi meqanizmi msjavrdebulTaTvis sas-

jelis Semsubuqebis an sulac gasaTavisufleblad (ase ma-

galiTad safrangeTSi).495

saqarTveloc ar warmoadgens xsenebuli tendenciidan

gamonakliss. 2012 wlamde saqarTveloSi vadamde gaTavi-

suflebul msjavrdebulTa wliuri statistikis mixedviT

mowinave pozicia prezidentis mier SewyalebiT gaTavisu-

flebul msjavrdebulebs ekava, mxolod Semdeg modioda

pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebulTa raodenoba da bolo

adgilze iyo amnistiiT gaTavisuflebulTa raodenoba.

ase magaliTad, 2006-2011 wlebSi SewyalebiT gaTavisufl-

da 6303 msjavrdebuli (maT Soris 5942 mamakaci, 282 qali

da 79 arasrulwlovani), pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflda

2896 msjavrdebuli (maT Soris 2699 mamakaci, 166 qali da 31

arasrulwlovani), xolo 2007-2009 wlebSi ganxorcielebu-

li amnistiiT gaTavisuflda 701 msjavrdebuli (maT Soris

635 mamakaci, 60 qali da 6 arasrulwlovani).496 gansxvavebu-

li suraTi dafiqsirda 2013 wlis 1 ianvridan 30 ivnisamde

periodSi (6 Tve). kerZod, prezidentis Sewyalebas daeqvem-

debara 652 msjavrdebuli (maT Soris 617 mamakaci, 30 qali

da 5 arasrulwlovani),497 pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflda

1852 msjavrdebuli (maT Soris 1655 mamakaci, 177 qali da

495 R. Levy, Pardon and Amnesties as Policy Instruments in Contemporary France (2007) 36, Crime and Justice, pp 551-590496 saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa saministros oficialuri werili #2249/01/01, 21.02.2012

497 Response of the Georgian Government to the Report of the European Commit-tee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or punish-ment (CPT) on its visit to Georgia from 19 to 23 November 2012, CPT/Inf (2013) 19, Attachment No.9, at www.cpt.coe.int/documents/geo/2013-19-inf-eng.pdf

257

20 arasrulwlovani) da amnistiis kanoni Seexo 17706 msja-

vrdebuls (maT Soris 16818 mamakacs, 822 qals da 66 aras-

rulwlovans).498

rekomendaciaSi (99)22 asaxuli midgoma gamyarebulia ministrTa komitetis rekomendaciiT (2003)22, romelic pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebas ganmeorebiTi samar-TaldarRvevis acilebisa da patimris sazogadoebaSi in-tegraciis erT-erT yvelaze efeqtur da konstruqciul saSualebad aRiarebs.499 rekomendacia pirobiT vadamde ga-Tavisuflebas ganmartavs, rogorc msjavrdebulis vadam-de gaTavisuflebas, Semdgomi individualuri pirobebiT. amasTanave, rekomendacia ar exeba amnistiasa da Sewyalebis sakiTxebs.500

pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis sistemis aRsrule-bisa da misi efeqturobis miRwevis maregulirebeli stan-dartebi mocemulia ministrTa sabWos kidev erT fuZemde-blur dokumentSi - rekomendacia (2006)2 evropuli cixis wesebis Sesaxeb. kerZod, Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgileb-Si unda gatardes zomebi msjavrdebulTa TandaTanobiT sazogadoebaSi dasabruneblad, rac miRweul unda iqnas gaTavisuflebisTvis mosamzadebeli programebis arsebo-biTa da nawilobriv an pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebiT.501

wamebis prevenciis evropulma komitetma didi xnis wi-naT aRiara, rom patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebebis gadatvirTuloba pirdapir kavSirSia wa-mebis da araadamianuri an Rirsebis Semlaxavi mopyrobis an dasjis gamowvevasTan, romlis prevenciac mis kompe-tencias ganekuTvneba.502 bolo wlebSi komitetma gaafar-

498 iqve, Attachment no.7499 evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia (2003)22 pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb, preambula

500 iqve, punqti 1

501 evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia (2006)2 evro-puli cixis wesebis Sesaxeb, wesi 107

502 CPT 7th General Report [CPT/Inf (97)10] ss. 12-15

258

Tova Tavisi xedva da ganmarta, rom saxelmwifoebis mier iseTi sistemis danergva, rac amcirebs TavisuflebaaRk-veTil msjavrdebulTa raodenobas, warmoadgens yvelaze efeqtur saSualebas cudi mopyrobis prevenciis mizniT.503 erT-erT gzas, rac TavisuflebaaRkveTil msjavrdebul-Ta ricxovnebas akontrolebs, pirobiT vadamde gaTavisu-flebis sistema warmoadgens da isic komitetis mier iqna mxardaWerili; komitetma gamorCeuli gancxadeba gaakeTa, romliTac wevr qveynebs mouwoda, rom yvela Tavisufle-baaRkveTil msjavrdebuls, maT Soris uvado Tavisufle-baaRkveTil pirebsac, xeli unda miuwvdebodeT da monawi-leobdnen pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis mosamzadebel programebSi da maTi pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis sa-kiTxi unda daeqvemdebaros ganxilvas.504

rigiT saqmeSi pirobiT vadamde gaTavisufleba Cveule-briv movlenas unda warmoadgendes, da mxolod im SemTxve-vebSi, sadac aSkaraa msjavrdebulTan dakavSirebuli nega-tiuri prognozebi, ar unda xdebodes misi vadamde gaTavi-sufleba. amgvar praqtikas vawydebiT belgiaSi, daniasa da SveicariaSi. magaliTisTvis, SvedeTSi msjavrdebulis Ta-visuflebis aRkveTisgan pirobiT vadamde gaTavisufleba xdeba sasjelis vadis ori mesamedis moxdis Semdeg, Tu ar arsebobs rigi winaaRmdegobrivi garemoebebisa. 2007 wlis 1 ianvridan erT-erT aseT safuZvels warmoadgens pirobi-Ti sasjelis darRveva, rasac misi gauqmeba mohyveba Sede-gad.505

franguli sisxlis samarTlis procedurebi Seicavs zogierT yuradsaReb elements. kerZod, imis magier, rom msjavrdebulma waradginos Tavis resocializaciasTan dakavSirebiT myari mtkicebulebebi, man ubralod unda aCvenos, rom igi pozitivisken Seicvala. pirobiT vadamde

503 CPT 11th General Report [CPT/Inf (2001)16] s. 28504 CPT Hungary Visit 2007 [CPT/Inf (2007)24] s. 33505 N. Padfield, D. van Zyl Smit and F. Dunkel, Release from Prison, European Policy and Practice, Willan Publishing, USA, 2010, pg. 421

259

msjavrdebulis gaTavisufleba safrangeTSi sasjelis va-dis naxevris moxdis Semdeg, xolo recidivistebis SemTx-vevaSi - ori mesamedis gasvlis Semdeg aris SesaZlebeli. msjavrdebuls, romelsac hyavs aT wlamde mcirewlovani Svili da romelic masTan izrdeboda mis Tavisuflebis aRkveTamde, pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis sakiTxis ganxilvisas aRniSnul garemoebas arsebiTi yuradReba eqceva, rac ganpirobebulia ojaxuri kavSirebis gamyare-bis xelSewyobiTa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis uaryofiTi aspeqtebis SemcirebiT. aseTi SemTxvevebisTvis pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebisTvis aRar arsebobs minimalurad savaldebulo vada da piri SesaZloa Tavisuflebis aRkve-Tidan umcires vadaSi gaTavisufldes. Tumca, isic unda aRiniSnos, rom amgvari praqtika Zalzed iSviaTad gamoi-yeneba. msgavs ojaxur urTierTobebze orientirebuli pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis regulaciebi moqmedebs italiaSic.506

saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba sxvadasxva simZimis da-naSaulze sasjelis saTanado minimalur mosaxdel vadas awesebs. kerZod, naklebad mZime danaSaulis SemTxvevaSi msjavrdebuls moxdili unda hqondes sasjelis naxevari, mZime danaSaulis SemTxvevaSi - sasjelis ori mesamedi, gan-sakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulis SemTxvevaSi - sasjelis sami meoTxedi; agreTve, sami meoTxedi sasjelisa, romelic daniSnuli hqonda pirs, romelic winaT pirobiT vadamde gaaTavisufles, xolo pirobiT vadamde gaTavisufleba gauuqmda pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebisas misTvis da-kisrebuli movaleobis Sesrulebis jiutad Tavis aridebi-saTvis, an gaufrTxileblobiT Cadenili danaSaulisTvis, an ganzraxi danaSaulis CadenisTvis.507

gansxvavebuli midgomaa saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi arasrulwlovan TavisuflebaaRkveTil msjavrdebuleb-

506 Ibid.507 saqarTvelos patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 40.1, saqarTvelos sisx-lis samarTlis kodeqsi, muxli 72.3

260

Tan mimarTebiT. arasrulwlovani msjavrdebulebis sa-

kiTxi pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebaze ganxilvas daeq-

vemdebareba Semdegi TanafardobiT: naklebad mZime dana-

Saulis SemTxvevaSi msjavrdebuls moxdili unda hqondes

sasjelis erTi mesamedi, mZime danaSaulis SemTxvevaSi -

sasjelis naxevari, xolo gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulis

SemTxvevaSi - sasjelis ori mesamedi.508

evropis qveynebSi sxvadasxva organoebi ixilaven da

iReben pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebaze gadawyvetile-

bas. yvelgan ar aris germaniis msgavsi sistema, sadac da-

moukidebeli sasamarTlo iRebs amgvar gadawyvetilebas.

belgiaSi magaliTad, Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebule-

bis administraciis kompetencias ganekuTvneba pirobiT

vadamde gaTavisuflebis gadawyvetilebis miReba yvela im

saqmeSi, rodesac msjavrdebuls sam wlamde Tavisufle-

bis aRkveTa aqvs misjili; yvela sxva SemTxvevaSi, gadawy-

vetilebas iRebs sasjelis aRmsarulebeli sasamarTloe-

bi, romelic sami wevrisgan - mosamarTlisgan, socialuri

integraciis eqspertisa da penitenciur sakiTxebSi eqs-

pertisgan Sedgeba. evropis kontinentze warmodgenilia

qveynebi,509 sadac rig SemTxvevebSi gadawyvetilebas iRebs

Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis administracia,

xolo rig SemTxvevebSi - iusticiis saministros Sesabami-

si struqturuli erTeuli. inglissa da uelsSi funqcio-

nirebs pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis sabWo, romelic

belgiis msgavsad Sedgeba sxvadasxva sferos warmomadgen-

508 saqarTvelos patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 40.2, saqarTvelos sas-jelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa min-istris 2011 wlis 30 maisis #97 brZaneba patimrobis, Tavisuflebis aRkveTis, Sereuli tipis braldebulTa da msjavrdebulTa dawese-bulebebis, braldebulTa da msjavrdebulTa samkurnalo dawese-bulebisa da tuberkulioziT daavdebul msjavrdebulTa samkurna-lo dawesebulebis debulebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb, muxli 101.1

509 dania, fineTi, SvedeTi, Sveicaria

261

lebisgan. sxva qveynebSi specializirebuli mosamarTlis SemoReba an tribunalis Seqmna iqna mxardaWerili (ase ma-galiTad, xorvatiaSi, safrangeTSi, germaniaSi, ungreTSi, italiaSi, poloneTSi, sloveniasa da espaneTSi). mxolod ramdenime qveyanaSi amgvari kompetenciiT aRWurvilia pirveli instanciis sasamarTloebi (CexeTis respublika, estoneTi, saberZneTi da litva). yvelasgan gamorCeul sis-temas gvTavazobs holandia, sadac gadawyvetilebis miRe-baze pasuxismgebelia sazogadoebrivi prokurori.510

saqarTvelom pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis oTxi sistema gamoscada bolo aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi. 2006 wlamde moqmedebda sistema, romlis mixedviT Tavisu-flebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis direqtori waradgenda msjavrdebulis saqmes teritoriuli sasamarTlos winaSe pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis sakiTxis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetilebis misaRebad. 2006 wlidan es funqcia dawe-sebulebis direqtorebs CamoerTvaT da sasjelRsrule-bis departamentSi Seqmnil komisias gadaeca, romelic erTgvari `filtris~ funqcias asrulebda, ganixilavda ra yvela msjavrdebulis saqmes, romelmac pirobiT vadam-de gaTavisuflebisTvis saWiro minimaluri sasjelis vada moixada, da iRebda gadawyvetilebas romeli saqme wared-gina sasamarTloSi saboloo ganxilvisa da gadawyvetile-bis misaRebad. am SemTxvevaSic saboloo sityva sasamarT-los rCeboda.

2009 wlis seqtemberSi pirobiT vadamde gaTavisufle-bis es modelic gauqmda da igi Caanacvla saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa saministros mudmivmoqmedma komisiam. am SemTx-vevaSi sakiTxis ganxilvis kompetenciam departamentidan saministros doneze gadainacvla im gansxvavebiT, rom sa-kiTxs ganixilavda da saboloo gadawyvetilebas miiRebda mudmivmoqmedi komisia da ara sasamarTlo.

510 N. Padfield, D. van Zyl Smit and F. Dunkel, Release from Prison, European Policy and Practice, Willan Publishing, USA, 2010, pg. 425

262

2010 wlis 1 oqtombridan ZalaSi Sevida saqarTvelos pa-timrobis axali kodeqsi, romelmac radikalurad Secvala qveyanaSi moqmedi pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis siste-ma da garkveulwilad igi inglissa da SotlandiaSi moqme-di sistemis identurad Camoayaliba. kerZod, Seiqmna adgi-lobrivi sabWoebi,511 romelTac daevalaT msjavrdebulTa saqmeebis ganxilva da gadawyvetilebis miReba. aRniSnuli sistemis SemoRebiT sasamarTlos sabolood CamoerTva pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis saqmeebze ganxilvisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis kompetencia. marTalia mxares darCa ufleba administraciuli wesiT erTjeradad gaasa-Civros adgilobrivi sabWos gadawyvetileba sasamarTlo-Si, magram im SemTxvevaSic Tu sasamarTlo daadgens, rom miRebuli gadawyvetilebisas ar iyo gaTvaliswinebuli yvela garemoeba, rasac SeeZlo arsebiTi zegavlena moe-xdina saboloo verdiqtze, igi uflebamosilia mxolod daubrunos adgilobriv sabWos saqme xelaxali ganxilvisa da gadawyvetilebis misaRebad.

adgilobrivi sabWoebis institutis SemoRebiT ar momxdara saministros mudmivmoqmedi komisiis gauqmeba. marTalia, kanonmdeblobam ar gansazRvra mudmivmoqmedi komisiis makoordinirebeli roli adgilobriv sabWoeb-Tan mimarTebiT, magram dauwesa adgilobriv sabWoebs sam TveSi erTxel gaweuli saqmianobis Sesaxeb mudmivmoqmedi komisiisTvis angariSis wardgena da maT saqmianobaze saer-To zedamxedveloba. gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa mudmi-vmoqmedi komisiis funqcia, ganixilos im msjavrdebulTa saqmeebi, romlebsac adgilobrivi sabWoebis ganxilvisas uari eTqvaT pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebaze da miiRos adgilobrivi sabWoebisgan gansxvavebuli gadawyvetileba,

511 saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli dax-marebis sakiTxTa ministris 2010 wlis 28 oqtombris #151 brZanebiT ganisazRvra aRmosavleT saqarTvelos adgilobrivi sabWo, dasav-leT saqarTvelos adgilobrivi sabWo da arasrulwlovanTa saqmee-bis ganmxilveli adgilobrivi sabWo

263

rac zemdgomi iuridiuli Zalisaa da piri dauyovnebliv gaTavisuflebas eqvemdebareba.512 2011 wlis ganmavlobaSi saministros mudmivmoqmedi komisiis mier pirobiT vadam-de gaTavisuflda 28 msjardebuli (maT Soris 24 mamakaci, 3 qali da 1 arasrulwlovani), romelTac uari eTqvaT adgi-lobrivi sabWoebis mier.513

gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs im garemoebas, sadac gadawyvetilebis mimRebi organo avtomaturad ixilavs pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis saqmeebs da gamoaqvs ga-dawyvetileba, Tu aRniSnuli xdeba maSin, rodesac mas mou-xmoben aRniSnuli funqciis gansaxorcieleblad. im dros rodesac germaniaSi sasjelis aRsrulebaze pasuxismgebe-li sabWo waradgens patimris sakiTxs gansaxilvelad, ro-melsac gasdis dadgenili sasjelis moxdis ori mesamedi, sxva qveynebSi Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis ad-ministracias514 an prokuraturasac515 ufleba aqvs gaake-Ton saTanado wardginebebi.516

evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia (2003)22 gansazRvravs, rom Sesabamisma xelisuflebam unda daiwyos saWiro procedurebi imisTvis, rom xeli Seuwyos

512 saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli dax-marebis sakiTxTa ministris 2010 wlis 27 dekembris #185 brZaneba mudmivmoqmedi komisiis debulebis damtkicebis Taobaze, muxli 4; saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli dax-marebis sakiTxTa ministris 2010 wlis 28 oqtombris #151 brZaneba adgilobrivi sabWoebis raodenobis, teritoriuli gansjadobisa da adgilobrivi sabWos tipiuri debulebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb, muxli 22.2

513 saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa saministros oficialuri werili #2249/01/01, 21.02.2012

514 bulgareTi, xorvatia, dania, saberZneTi, islandia, irlandia, italia, latvia. poloneTi, slovakeTi, espaneTi, TurqeTi

515 bulgareTi, CexeTis respublika, safrangeTi, slovakeTi, TurqeTi

516 H. Tubex and P.V. Tournier (2003) Study of Conditional Release (Parole) in the Member States, Analysis of Replies to the General Questionnaire (Council for Peno-logical Co-operation, PC-CP (2000) 24 Rev 4 [restricted]

264

pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis Taobaze gadawyvetile-bis miRebas, rogorc ki patimari moixdis minimalur pe-riods.517 aRniSnuli standarti miuTiTebs xelisuflebis warmomadgenelTa valdebulebaze ganaxorcielos yvela is aqtivoba, rac uzrunvelyofs pirobiT vadamde gaTa-visuflebis sakiTxis srulfasovan ganxilvas, dawyebuli saqmis Sesabamisi kompetenturi organosTvis wardgeni-dan, dasrulebuli dadebiTi gadawyvetilebis SemTxvevaSi msjavrdebulis dauyovnebliv gaTavisuflebiTa da Sesa-bamis sazedamxedvelo organosTvis msjavrdebulis saqmis gadagzavniT. saqarTveloSi 2013 wlis 1 ianvramde moqmedi kanonmdebloba ar modioda SesabamisobaSi aRniSnul stan-dartTan, radgan saqmis pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis Taobaze adgilobrivi sabWos winaSe gansaxilvelad war-dgena ZiriTadad Tavad msjavrdebulis, misi damcvelis/kanonieri warmomadgenelis an axlo naTesavis tvirTs warmoadgenda. saqarTvelos parlamentis mier 2012 wlis ivnisSi saqarTvelos patomrobis kodeqsSi Setanili cvli-lebebis safuZvelze, 2013 wlidan es mankieri praqtika gau-qmda da dawesebulebis administracias daevala saqmis mom-zadeba da Sesabamisi organosTvis gansaxilvelad drou-lad gadagzavna.518 cvlilebebis gatarebamde, aRniSnuli samarTlebrivi safuZveli rig problemebs warmoSobda; kerZod, SesaZloa msjavrdebulis an misi kanonieri war-momadgenlis mier araswored momxdariyo sasjelis vadis gamoTvla da Tundac erTi dRis cdomilebis SemTxvevaSi, Tu dadgindeboda, rom wardgenili Suamdgomloba vadaze adre gakeTda, srulwlovani msjavrdebulis SemTxvevaSi gamoiwvevda misi saqmis ganxilvis eqvsi TviT, xolo aras-rulwlovanis SemTxvevaSi – 3 TviT gadadebas.

evropis sxvadasxva qveynebSi amgvar wardginebebTan mi-marTebaSi msjavrdebulTa proceduruli uflebebi TiTq-

517 punqti 17

518 saqarTvelos patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 42.1

265

mis erTnairia. umravles qveyanaSi msjavrdebuls ufleba aqvs moisminos da TiTqmis yvelgan mas eZleva dadgenil procedurebSi monawileobis miReba (ganxilvaSi an zepir mosmenaSi). dokumentebTan xelmisawvdomobis ufleba (zo-gierT SemTxvevaSi ara pirdapir, aramed advokatis meSveo-biT) aRiarebulia kontinentis mraval qveyanaSi, magram ara bulgareTSi, xorvatiaSi, kviprosSi, litvaSi, latvia-Si, maltaSi, poloneTSi, portugaliaSi, slovakeTsa da TurqeTSi. miuxedavad aRniSnulisa, yvela qveyanaSi msja-vrdebuls ecnobeba ganxilvis Sedegebi.519 saqarTveloc ar warmoadgens am mxriv gamonakliss da unda iTqvas, rom axali sistemis danergviT SesaZlebeli gaxda msjavrdebu-lis zepir mosmenaze monawileoba. amasTan, msjavrdebuli uflebamosilia zepir mosmenaze iyolios damcveli/kano-nieri warmomadgeneli; agreTve, monawileobis miReba Seu-Zlia im dawesebulebis warmomadgenelsac, sadac msjavr-debuli ixdida an ixdis sasjels.520

periodi, rodesac axali ganacxadi ar SeiZleba iyos wardgenili, gansazRvrulia evropis yvela qveyanaSi, gamo-nakliss warmoadgens SvedeTi. amgvari periodis maqsimumia erTi weli, rac dadgenilia belgiaSi, portugaliaSi, ru-mineTSi, SotlandiaSi, slovakeTsa da CexeTis respublika-Si, maSin rodesac evropis umravles qveyanaSi es periodi rogorc wesi erTi, ori, sami an eqvsi Tvea.521 saqarTvelo-Si pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis sakiTxis xelaxali ganxilva SesaZlebelia yovel eqvs TveSi erTxel,522 gamo-

519 N. Padfield, D. van Zyl Smit and F. Dunkel, Release from Prison, European Policy and Practice, Willan Publishing, USA, 2010, pg. 426520 saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli dax-marebis sakiTxTa ministris 2010 wlis 28 oqtombris #151 brZaneba adgilobrivi sabWoebis raodenobis, teritoriuli gansjadobisa da adgilobrivi sabWos tipiuri debulebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb, muxli 13.2

521 N. Padfield, D. van Zyl Smit and F. Dunkel, Release from Prison, European Policy and Practice, Willan Publishing, USA, 2010, pg. 426-427522 garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac mosaxdeli sasjelis vada ar aRe-

266

nakliss warmoadgns arasrulwlovan msjavrdebulTa saq-meebi, romelTa xelaxali ganxilva savaldebuloa yovel sam TveSi erTxel.523

unda aRiniSnos, rom adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom rig saqmeebSi gansakuTrebuli yuradReba gaamaxvila pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis sakiTxis gan-meorebiT ganxilvis vadebze da miuTiTa, rom, magaliTad saqmeSi hirsti gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg524, imis gansasazRvrad, warmoadgenda Tu ara msjavrdebuli kvla-vac saSiSroebas, unda ganxiluliyo gonieri intervale-biT, da ori weli ganxilvebs Soris zedmetad didi Suale-di iyo.525

pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis sistemis ganxilvisas aqtualuria sakiTxi uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil pireb-Tan dakavSirebiT. evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetma Tavisi rekomendaciiT (2003)23, romelic cixis adminis-traciis mier samudamo da grZelvadiani patimrebis mar-Tvas exeba, uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirTa pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebasTan dakavSirebiT xazi gausva am uflebis miniWebis aucileblobas da referireba moaxdina (2003)22 rekomendaciaze.526

uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTis Sefardeba pirobiT va-

mateba eqvs Tves an/da Tu arsebobs raime gansakuTrebuli garemoeba

523 saqarTvelos patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 42.6; saqarTvelos sas-jelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa min-istris 2011 wlis 30 maisis #97 brZaneba patimrobis, Tavisuflebis aRkveTis, Sereuli tipis braldebulTa da msjavrdebulTa dawese-bulebebis, braldebulTa da msjavrdebulTa samkurnalo dawese-bulebisa da tuberkulioziT daavdebul msjavrdebulTa samkurna-lo dawesebulebis debulebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb, muxli 101.2

524 hirsti gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg (Hirst v. United Kigdom) 24 ivlisi 2001 weli

525 D. van Zyl Smit and Sonja Snacken, Principles of European Prison Law and Policy, Penology and Human Rights, Oxford University Press Inc., New York, 2011, p. 332526 evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia (2003)23 cixis administraciis mier samudamo da grZelvadiani patimrebis marTvis Sesaxeb, punqti 34

267

damde gaTavisuflebis uflebis gareSe ar unda iqnas ga-moyenebuli arcerTi kategoriis msjavrdebulTan mimar-TebaSi. amgvari uflebis ararseboba Seesabameba ara mar-to araadamianur da Rirsebis Semlaxav mopyrobas, aramed xels uSlis msjavrdebulis resocializacias. germaniis federalurma sakonstitucio sasamarTlom daadgina, rom uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa pirobiT vadamde gaTavisu-flebis uflebis gareSe, adamianis Rirsebis Semlaxvelia; misive ganmartebiT, uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa SeiZle-ba adamianis Rirsebis Sesabamisi iyos mxolod im SemTxveva-Si, Tu iarsebebs gaTavisuflebis konkretuli da SesaZle-beli molodini. adamianis Rirseba Selaxulia, Tu msjavr-debuli, misi piradi ganviTarebis miuxedavad, dakargavs odesme Tavisuflebis dabrunebis yvelanair imeds.527

uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirTa mier sasjelis moxdis periodi da pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis pi-robebi sxvadasxva qveyanaSi gansxvavebulia. ase magali-Tad, germaniaSi uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirTa piro-biT vadamde gaTavisufleba ar SeiZleba manam, sanam isini ar moixdian sul mcire TxuTmetwlian sasjels. inglissa da uelsSi msgavsi minimaluri vada ToTxmeti weliwadia.528 saqarTveloSi uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirTa piro-biT vadamde gaTavisuflebis sakiTxis ganxilva SesaZlebe-lia mas Semdeg, rac isini Tavisuflebis aRkveTis 25 wels moixdian.529

adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom yuradRe-ba gaamaxvila im garemoebaze, Tu ramdenad ewinaaRmdegeba adamianis uflebaTa dacvis evropuli konvenciis me-3 mu-xls, pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis uflebis arqona. saqmeSi einhorni safrangeTis winaaRmdeg sasamarTlom

527 g. miqanaZe, arasrulwlovan, qal da uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil patimrebTan mopyrobis Taviseburebani, Tbilisi, 2008 weli, gv. 48-49

528 iqve, gv. 44

529 saqarTvelos patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 40.6, saqarTvelos sisx-lis samarTlis kodeqsi, muxli 72.7

268

aRniSna, rom iseTi uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dakis-rebam, romelic gamoricxavs sxva saxis sasjeliT Secvlis SesaZleblobas, SeiZleba wamoWras konvenciis me-3 muxliT daculi uflebis darRvevis sakiTxi.530

saqmeSi kafkarisi kviprosis winaaRmdeg adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos didi palatis winaSe dadga uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT konvenciis me-3 mu-xlis darRvevis sakiTxi, radgan ganmcxadebels ar hqonda gaTavisuflebis SesaZlebloba. Tumca, sasamarTlom Tavi aarida sakiTxs, ganacxada ra, rom saqmis zogierTi faqtis viwro interpretaciis gaTvalisiwinebiT SeuZlebeli iyo imis Tqma, rom kafkariss ar hqonda gaTavisuflebis Se-saZlebloba.531

kafkarisis saqmeSi ramdenime aSkara miniSnebaa imis Taobaze, rom Tu samomavlod sasamarTlos winaSe dadgeba Seumcirebadi uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTis sakiTxi, igi miiCnevs aRniSnuls konvenciis me-3 muxlis darRvevad. mt-kicebulebis niSnad SeiZleba moviSvelioT sasamarTlos gancxadeba, romlis Tanaxmad `me-3 muxlis miznebisTvis sakmarisia is garemoeba, rom uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa de jure da de facto Semcirebadia~.532 aRniSnuli pozicia kidev ufro gamyarebul iqna mosamarTle bratcas gansxvavebul azrSi, sadac man ganacxada, rom `dadga dro, rodesac sasa-marTlom Riad unda daadasturos, rom Seumcirebadi uva-do Tavisuflebis aRkevTis misja, Tundac srulwlovani msjavrdebulisTvis, principSi ewinaaRmdegeba konvenciis me-3 muxls~.533

530 einhorni safrangeTis winaaRmdeg (Einhorn v. France), 16 oqtomberi 2001 weli, 27-e punqti

531 D. van Zyl Smit and Sonja Snacken, Principles of European Prison Law and Policy, Penology and Human Rights, Oxford University Press Inc., New York, 2011, p. 331532 kafkarisi kviprosis winaaRmdeg (Kafkaris v. Cyprus), 12 Tebervali 2008 weli, 98-e punqti

533 iqve, mosamarTle bratcas gansxvavebuli azri (Sida paragrafe-bis gareSe)

269

evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis (2003)23 rekomen-dacia ufro Sors wavida, daadgina ra standarti, romlis Tanaxmad Tu pirobiT gaTavisuflebis gauqmebis Semdeg uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTili piri dabrundeba Tavisu-flebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi, mis mimarT xelaxla unda ganisazRvros programebi misi sazogadoebaSi xela-xali damkvidrebis momzadebis mizniT.534 am kuTxiT sayura-dReboa evropuli sasamarTlos mowinave saqme stafordi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg.535 aRniSnul saqmeSi ganmcxadebeli, romelic damnaSaved iqna cnobili mkvle-lobaSi, pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflda uvado Tavisu-flebis aRkveTisgan. sazogadoebaSi dabrunebis Semdeg mas araZaladobrivi da wina danaSaulTan kavSiris armqone axa-li danaSaulis CadenisTvis miesaja Tavisuflebis aRkveTa. gansaxilveli sakiTxi exeboda imas, unda gaegrZelebina Tu ara mas Tavisuflebis aRkveTis saxiT sasjelis moxda mas Semdeg, rac meore danaSaulis CadenisTvis gankuTvnili vada amoiwureboda im safuZvliT, rom man daarRvia piro-biT vadamde gaTavisuflebiT nakisri piroba. sasamarTlos mier arsebiTad iqna mxardaWerili pozicia, romlis mixed-viTac TaRliTobis, araZaladobrivi danaSaulis, Cadena ar warmoadgens Cadenili mkvlelobisTvis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis saxiT Semdgomi sasjelis moxdis safuZvels.536

7.2.2 amnistia da Sewyaleba

amnistias acxadebs saqarTvelos parlamenti indivi-dualurad ganusazRvrel pirTa mimarT. amnistiis aqtiT damnaSave SeiZleba gaTavisufldes sisxlissamarTlebri-vi pasuxismgeblobisgan, xolo msjavrdebuli SeiZleba gaTavisufldes sasjelisgan anda misTvis daniSnuli sas-534 punqti 35

535 stafordi gaerTainebuli samefos winaaRmdeg (Stafford v. United Kingdom) 28 maisi 2002 weli

536 D. van Zyl Smit and Sonja Snacken, Principles of European Prison Law and Policy, Penology and Human Rights, Oxford University Press Inc., New York, 2011, p. 333

270

jeli SeiZleba Semcirdes an Seicvalos ufro msubuqi sas-jeliT. sasjelmoxdils amnistiis537 aqtiT SeiZleba moexs-nas nasamarTloba.538

damoukidebeli saqarTvelos istoriaSi (me-20 saukunis dasasrulidan) Tormeti amnistiis kanoni iqna miRebuli.539 maT Soris yvelaze masobrivi xasiaTis amnistia saqarTve-los parlamentis mier 2012 wlis 28 dekembers miRebuli kanoni iyo, romlis safuZvelzec sapatimro sasjelisgan gaTavisuflda 8 718 braldebuli/msjavrdebuli (maT So-ris 8 260 mamakaci, 433 qali da 25 arasrulwlovani mamaka-ci), sapatimro sasjeli gaunaxevrda 769 braldebuls/msjavrdebuls (maT Soris 740 mamakacs, 12 qals da 17 aras-rulwlovan mamakacs) da sapatimro sasjeli Seumcirda 8 231 braldebuls/msjavrdebuls (maT Soris 7 829 mamakacs, 378 qals da 24 arasrulwlovan mamakacs).540 amnistia saer-To jamSi Seexo 17 718 braldebulsa da msjavrdebuls.541

imave kanoniT pirobiTi msjavri moexsna 17 876 msjavr-debuls (maT Soris 16 449 mamakacs, 1 172 qals da 166 aras-rulwlovans (maT Soris 156 mamakacs da 10 qals)), gaunaxe-vrda 2803 msjavrdebuls ((maT Soris 2 436 mamakacs, 203 qals da 154 arasrulwlovans (maT Soris 150 mamakacs da 4 qals)) da Seumcirda 8517 msjavrdebuls ((maT Soris 7 777 mamakacs, 646 qals da 15 mamakac arasrulwlovans).542 amnis-

537 amnistiis Sesaxeb ix.: burjanaZe, g. amnistiis ganxorcielebis uflebamosileba da adamianis uflebebi. k. korkelia (red.) adamian-is uflebebi da samarTlis uzenaesoba. statiaTa krebuli. Tbilisi 2013. gv.9-29

538 saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi, muxli 77

539 1995 wlidan 2013 wlis 1 seqtembramde periodSi, ix. s.s.i.p. `saqa-rTvelos sakanonmdeblo macnes~ oficialuri veb-gverdi: www.matsne.gov.ge 540 saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli dax-marebis sakiTxTa saministros werili MCLA 3 13 00014973, 26.08.2013

541 iqve

542 iqve

271

tia saerTo jamSi Seexo 29 916 pirobiT msjavrdebuls.543 danaSaulis kategoriis mixedviT amnistirebul pirobiT msjavrdebulTa monacemebi Semdegnairad gadanawilda: pi-robiTi msjavri moexsna 10 280 naklebad mZime, 3 271 mZime da 4 325 gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulis Camden pirs; pi-robiTi msjavri gaunaxevrda 249 naklebad mZime, 2 137 mZime da 417 gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulis Camden pirs; piro-biTi msjavri Seumcirda 1 295 naklebad mZime, 6 018 mZime da 1 204 gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulis Camden pirs.544

saqarTvelos konstituciis 74-e muxli me-2 punqti kr-Zalavs referendumis mowyobas amnistiisa da Sewyalebis gamo. konstituciis 73-e muxlis Tanaxmad msjavrdebulTa Sewyaleba saqarTvelos prezidentis uSualo kompeten-cias warmoadgens.545 Sewyalebas axorcielebs saqarTvelos prezidenti individualurad gansazRvruli piris mimarT. Sewyalebis aqtiT msjavrdebuli SeiZleba gaTavisufldes sasjelis Semdgomi moxdisgan anda misTvis daniSnuli sas-jeli SeiZleba Semcirdes an Seicvalos ufro msubuqi sas-jeliT. sasjelmoxdils Sewyalebis aqtiT SeiZleba moexs-nas nasamarTloba.546

wina TavSi (ix. Tavi `sasjelis moxdisgan pirobiT vadam-de gaTavisuflebis sistema~) aRiniSna, rom saqarTveloSi 2012 wlamde prezidentis SewyalebiT gaTavisuflebul msjavrdebulTa raodneoba aRemateboda pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebul da amnistiis Sedegad Tavisuflebis aR-kveTisgan gaTavisuflebul msjavrdebulTa raodenobas. miuxedavad imisa, rom pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebi-sa da amnistiis xvedrTi wili bolo 18 Tvis ganmavlobaSi gaizarda, prezidentis mier msjavrdebulTa Sewyalebas mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs `cixis mosaxleobis~ saer-

543 iqve

544 iqve

545 muxli 73(1)

546 saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi, muxli 78

272

To raodenobis regulirebis TvalsazrisiT. aRniSnuls adasturebs qvemoT moyvanili cifrebi.

oficialuri statistikis Tanaxmad 2012 wels prezi-dentma Seiwyala 2 289 piri (maT Soris 2 165 mamakaci, 118 qali da 6 arasrulwlovani). Sewyalebis aqtiT 1 832 msja-vrdebuli gaTavisuflda Tavisuflebis aRkveTis moxdis-gan (maT Soris 1 732 mamakaci, 96 qali da 4 arasrulwlova-ni), 306 sasjeli Seumsubuqda (maT Soris 290 mamakacs, 14 qals da 2 arasrulwlovans) da 151 msjavrdebuls moexs-na pirobiTi msjavri (maT Soris 143 mamakacs da 8 qals).547 2013 wels (9 agvistos mdgomareobiT) prezidentma Seiwya-la 658 msjavrdebuli (maT Soris 623 mamakaci, 30 qali da 5 arasrulwlovani). Sewyalebis aqtiT 480 msjavrdebuli gaTavisuflda Tavisuflebis aRkveTis moxdisgan (maT So-ris 461 mamakaci da 14 qali da 5 arasrulwlovani), 122 sas-jeli Seumsubuqda (maT Soris 112 mamakacs da 10 qals) da 56 msjavrdebuls moexsna pirobiTi msjavri (maT Soris 50 mamakacs da 6 qals).548

prezidentis mier Sewyalebis ganxorcieleba xdeba 2014 wlis 27 martis #120 brZanebulebiT ̀ Sewyalebis wesis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~ (SemdgomSi – wesi). wesi gansazRvra-vs msjavrdebulTa da im sasjelmoxdil pirTa Sewyalebis wess, romlebmac moixades sasjeli da ara aqvT gaqarwyle-buli an moxsnili nasamarTloba.549

wesi adgens im pirTa wres vis mimarT gamoiyeneba da ar gamoiyeneba Sewyaleba. kerZod, Sewyaleba gamoiyeneba im piris mimarT, romelic msjavrdebulia saqarTvelos sasamarTlos mier da sasjels ixdis saqarTvelos teri-toriaze; im piris mimarT, romelic msjavrdebulia sxva sasamarTlos mier da sasjels ixdis saqarTvelos teri-toriaze, Tu saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebe-

547 saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli dax-marebis sakiTxTa saministros werili MCLA 3 13 00014973, 26.08.2013

548 iqve

549 muxli 1(1)

273

biTa da SeTanxmebebiT sxva ram ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli; im sasjelmoxdili piris mimarT, romelsac ara aqvs ga-qarwylebuli an moxsnili nasamarTloba.550

Sewyaleba ar gamoiyeneba im msjavrdebuli piris mi-marT: a) romelsac Seefarda uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, Tu mas Tavisuflebis aRkveTis saxiT ara aqvs moxdili 15 weli; b) romelic msjavrdebulia ori an meti danaSaulis CadenisTvis da moxdili ara aqvs patimrobisa da Tavisu-flebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi mosaxdelad gansazR-vruli Tavisuflebis aRkveTis vadis naxevari; g) romelic msjavrdebulia mZime an gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulis CadenisTvis, Sefardebuli aqvs Tavisuflebis aRkveTa xuT welze meti vadiT da moxdili ara aqvs patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi mosaxdelad gansazRvruli Tavisuflebis aRkveTis vadis naxevari; d) romelic msjavrdebulia araumetes 5 wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT da moxdili ara aqvs patimrobisa da Tavisufle-bis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi mosaxdelad gansazRvruli Tavisuflebis aRkveTis vadis erTi mesamedi; e) romelic winaT msjavrdebuli iyo da nasamarTlobis gaqarwylebam-de an moxsnamde kvlav Caidina ganzraxi danaSauli da ara aqvs moxdili patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawe-sebulebaSi mosaxdelad gansazRvruli Tavisuflebis aRk-veTis vadis naxevari; v) romlis mimarT winaT gamoyenebul iqna amnistia an Sewyaleba da nasamarTlobis gaqarwyle-bamde an moxsnamde kvlav Caidina ganzraxi danaSauli da moxdili ara aqvs patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi mosaxdelad gansazRvruli Tavisuflebis aRkveTis vadis ori mesamedi; z) romelic sasjels ixdis pi-robiTi msjavrdebisas sasamarTlos mier daniSnuli gamo-sacdeli vadis ganmavlobaSi Cadenili ganzraxi danaSau-lisTvis da moxdili ara aqvs patimrobisa da Tavisufle-bis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi mosaxdelad gansazRvruli Tavisuflebis aRkveTis vadis ori mesamedi; T) romelic

550 iqve, muxli 2(1)

274

sasjelis moxdisgan gaTavisuflda pirobiT vadamde da nasamarTlobis gaqarwylebamde an moxsnamde kvlav Caidi-na ganzraxi danaSauli da moxdili ara aqvs patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi mosaxdelad gansazRvruli Tavisuflebis aRkveTis vadis ori mesamedi; i) romelic sasjelis moxdis adgilidan xasiaTdeba uar-yofiTad; k) romlis saqmis ganxilva ar aris dasrulebuli saqarTvelos samive instanciis saerTo sasamarTloSi an Tu ar aris gasuli sasamarTlos mier miRebuli gadawyve-tilebis zemdgomi instanciis sasamarTloSi gasaCivrebis kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili vada; l) romelic ar iTxovs Sewyalebas.551

`Sewyalebis gamoyenebis wesis Sesaxeb~ wina brZanebu-lebaSi (#277, 19.07.2004) 2005 wlis 30 maisis #395 brZane-bulebiT Setanili cvlilebebiT gaizarda prezidentis uflebamosileba msjavrdebulTa SewyalebasTan dakav-SirebiT. kerZod, saqarTvelos prezidenti uflebamo-sili gaxda, Sewyalebis Suamdgomlobis ganxilvis nebis-mier stadiaze da/an am debulebiT (muxli 2(3)) dadgenili moTxovnebis daucvelad, mieRo gadawyvetileba piris Sewyalebis Taobaze.552 aRniSnuli prezidents aZlevda uflebas, sasamarTlos gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis gamota-nis momentidan nebismier dros, debulebiT gansazRvruli yovelgvari pirobebis dadgomis miuxedavad, erTpirovnu-lad Seewyalebina msjavrdebuli. aRniSnuli diskreciuli uflebamosileba prezidents mieniWa axali wesiTac.553

Sewyalebis Sesaxeb SuamdgomlobaTa winaswari ganxil-visa da msjavrdebulTa Sewyalebis Taobaze saqarTvelos

prezidentisaTvis winadadebaTa wardgenis mizniT Seqm-

nilia Sewyalebis sakiTxTa komisia, romlis Semadgenlo-

ba (Tavmjdomare, wevrebi) ganisazRvreba saqarTvelos



553 iqve muxli 3(2)

275

prezidentis brZanebulebiT. komisiis SemadgenlobaSi Se-dian saqarTvelos saqarTvelos saxalxo damcveli da sxva wevrebi.554 2013 wlis 26 noembers prezidentis #928 brZane-bulebiT ganxorcielda Sewyalebis komisiis Semadgenlo-bis dakompleqteba. Semadgenloba ganisazRvra 11 wevriT, maT Soris saxalxo damcveli, sapatriarqos warmomadge-neli, fsiqologi, 3 uflebadamcveli, 3 mwerali da 2 Jur-nalisti.

saqarTvelos prezidents Sewyalebis Taobaze TxovniT mimarTavs msjavrdebuli, sasjelmoxdili piri, romelsac ara aqvs gaqarwylebuli an moxsnili nasamarTloba an ne-bismieri sxva piri.555

Sewyalebis komisiis mier momzadebul rekomendacias Sewyalebis Txovnis dakmayofilebis Taobaze ganixilavs saqarTvelos prezidenti da iRebs saboloo gadawyveti-lebas.556 Sewyalebis aqti gamoicema saqarTvelos prezi-dentis gankargulebiT.557

msjavrdebulis Sewyalebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos prezidentis gankarguleba Sesasruleblad dauyovnebliv egzavneba saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaci-is saministros, xolo cnobisTvis - saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros. sasjelmoxdili piris Sewyalebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos prezidentis gankarguleba Sesasru-leblad dauyovnebliv egzavneba saqarTvelos Sinagan sa-qmeTa saministros.558 msjavrdebulis Sewyalebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos prezidentis gankargulebis Sesrulebas dauyovnebliv uzrunvelyofs sasjelis aRmasrulebeli organo.559







276

Sewyalebis saqme komisias ganmeorebiT waredgineba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu msjavrdebulma an sasjelmox-dilma pirma Sewyalebis ganmeorebiTi TxovniT saqarTve-los prezidents mimarTa komisiis Sesabamisi sxdomis Sede-gad Sewyalebis Taobaze saqarTvelos prezidentis gankar-gulebis gamocemis dRidan oTxTve-naxevris Semdeg.560 Sew-yalebis saqmes komisia ganmeorebiT ar ganixilavs komisiis Sesabamisi sxdomis Sedegad Sewyalebis Taobaze saqarTve-los prezidentis gankargulebis gamocemis dRidan eqvsi Tvis gasvlamde.561

7.2.3 avadmyofobis da xandazmulobis gamo sasjelisgan gaTavisufleba

sasamarTlos, xolo Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT msjavr-debis SemTxvevaSi –saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis saministrosa da saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTe-lobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros erTobliv mud-mivmoqmed komisias (Semdgom teqstSi `komisia~) SeuZlia sasjelisgan gaaTavisuflos is, vinc danaSaulis Cadenam-de an Cadenis Semdeg daavadda mZime avadmyofobiT,562 rac xels uSlis sasjelis moxdas.563

komisia Sedgeba 4 wevrisagan: 1. komisiis Tavmjdomare - saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri da-cvis ministris moadgile; 2. komisiis Tavmjdomaris moad-gile da komisiis wevri - saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis ministris wardginebiT; 3. komisiis mdivani - saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobis da socialuri dac-



562 avadmyofobaTa nusxa gansazRvrulia `im mZime da ganukurnebel daavadebaTa CamonaTvalis damtkicebis Sesaxeb, romlebic warmoad-gens sasjelis moxdisagan gasaTavisufleblad wardgenis safuZ-vels~ saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobis da socialuri dacvis ministris 2003 wlis 27 martis №72/n brZanebiT

563 saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi, muxli 74(2)

277

vis saministros janmrTelobis dacvis departamentis Ta-namSromeli.564 komisiis saqmianobaSi SemTxvevebis ganxil-vis farglebSi monawileobas iReben mowveuli, Sesabamisi profilis eqimi-specialist(eb)i. mowveuli eqim-specia-listebi samedicino eTikis principebidan gamomdinare, ar sargebloben xmis uflebiT msjavrdebulis avadmyofo-bisa da xandazmulobis asakis gamo sasjelisgan gaTavisu-flebis Sesaxeb kenWisyraSi.565 komisiis wevrebs niSnavs da aTavisuflebs saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis ministri saqarTvelos sasjelaRsru-lebisa da probaciis ministrTan SeTanxmebiT.566

komisia ganixilavs avadmyofobis gamo sasjelisgan gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb msjavrdebulis, misi advokatis, sxva kanonieri warmomadgenlis, dawesebulebis samedici-no personalis an dawesebulebis administraciis gancxa-debis daSvebis sakiTxs, ris Sedegsac werilobiT acnobebs ganmcxadebels.567 avadmyofobis SemTxvevaSi, gancxadebis daSvebisTvis aucilebelia mas Tan erTodes cnoba msja-vrdebulis piradi saqmidan, msjavrdebulis samedici-no (stacionaruli an/da ambulatoriuli) baraTis asli - forma №IV – 100a (uaxlesi informaciiT da Sesabamisi gamokvlevebiT) da stacionaruli samkurnalo dawesebu-lebis mTavari eqimis/klinikuri xelmZRvanelis mier Sed-genili samedicino cnoba, romelic unda moicavdes zogad informacias msjavrdebulisTvis Catarebuli gamokvle-vebis, diagnozis, daavadebis mimdinareobisa da janmrTe-

564 saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa ministrisa da saqarTvelos Sromis, janmr-Telobisa da socialuri dacvis ministris erToblivi brZaneba #181/#01–72/n (18.12.2012) saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, proba-ciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa saministrosa da saqarTve-los Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros er-Toblivi mudmivmoqmedi komisiis Seqmnis Sesaxeb, muxli 3(1,2)




278

lobis mdgomareobis simZimis Sesaxeb, aseve rekomendacias gancxadebis ganxilvis SemWidroebul vadebze, Tu aseTi zomebis miReba aris saWiro.568

komisiis mier gancxadebis daSvebis SemTxvevaSi, komi-siis Tavmjdomaris moTxovniT, komisiis samdivno uzrun-velyofs samedicino profesiuli asociaciebis meSveobiT da diagnostikuri jgufis gaTvaliswinebiT Sesabamisi profilis kvalificiuri eqim-specialist(eb)is mowvevas msjavrdebulis janmrTelobis mdgomareobis Seswavlis mizniT.569 mowveuli eqim-specialist(eb)i Seiswavlis war-modgenil samedicino dokumentacias, saWiroebis SemTx-vevaSi axdens pacientis klinikur Semowmebas da niSnavs paraklinikur gamokvlevebs. mowveuli eqim-specialis-t(eb)is mier msjavrdebulis janmrTelobis mdgomareobis Seswavlis da msjavrdebulis diagnozis, daavadebis mimdi-nareobisa da janmrTelobis mdgomareobis simZimis Sesaxeb meore samedicino azris werilobiT wardgenis Semdeg ko-misia iRebs gadawyvetilebas.570

komisiis gadawyvetileba (daskvna) unda iyos dasabu-Tebuli da efuZnebodes: a) msjavrdebulis janmrTelobis mdgomareobis Sefasebas; b) msjavrdebulis janmrTelo-bis mdgomareobis Sesabamisobas `im mZime da ganukurnebel daavadebaTa CamonaTvalis damtkicebis Sesaxeb, romlebic warmoadgens sasjelis moxdisgan gasaTavisufleblad war-dgenis safuZvels~ saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobis da socialuri dacvis ministris 2003 wlis 27 martis №72/n brZanebiT gansazRvrul kriteriumebTan; g) darCenili sasjelis moxdis mizanSewonilobas.

gamojanmrTelebis SemTxvevaSi pirs SeiZleba kvlav daekisros sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba da daeniSnos sasjeli, Tu ar gasula sisxlis samarTlis ko-deqsis muxlebiT (muxli 71 da 76) gaTvaliswinebuli xan-dazmulobis vadebi.571





279

sasamarTlos, xolo Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT msjavr-debis SemTxvevaSi komisias572 SeuZlia sasjelis Semdgo-mi moxdisgan gaaTavisuflos sasjelis moxdis periodSi xandazmulobis asaks miRweuli piri (qalebi – 65 wlidan, mamakacebi – 70 wlidan), Tu misjili ara aqvs uvado Tavi-suflebis aRkveTa da moxdili aqvs sasjelis aranakleb naxevari.573

komisia ganixilavs xandazmulobis gamo sasjelisgan gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb msjavrdebulis, misi advokatis, sxva kanonieri warmomadgenlis, dawesebulebis samedici-no personalis an dawesebulebis administraciis gancxa-debis daSvebis sakiTxs, ris Sedegsac werilobiT acnobebs ganmcxadebels.574

xandazmuli asakis SemTxvevaSi, gancxadebas Tan unda erTvodes msjavrdebulis asakis damadasturebeli sabu-Tis (piradobis damadasturebeli mowmoba) asli (aseTis arqonis SemTxvevaSi sasjelaRsrulebis departamentis mier gacemuli cnoba msjavrdebulis asakis dadasturebis Taobaze), sasamarTlos ganaCeni, sasjelaRsrulebis de-partamentis Sesabamisi struqturuli qvedanayofis mier gacemuli cnoba msjavrdebulis piradi saqmis mixedviT, romelSic dazustebuli iqneba sasjelis moxdili perio-di.575

saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis sami-nistros mier mowodebuli statistikuri monacemebis Ta-

572 winamdebare komisia aris igive komisia, romelic ganixilavs ms-javrdebulTa gaTavisuflebis sakiTxs avadmyofobis gamo



575 saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa ministrisa da saqarTvelos Sromis, janmr-Telobisa da socialuri dacvis ministris erToblivi brZaneba #181/#01–72/n (18.12.2012) saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, proba-ciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa saministrosa da saqarTve-los Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros er-Toblivi mudmivmoqmedi komisiis Seqmnis Sesaxeb, muxli 4(12)

280

naxmad, arc 2010 da arc 2011 wels arcerTi msjavrdebuli gaTavisuflebula avadmyofobis an xandazmulobis asakis gamo; 2012 wels – 4 gaTavisuflda avadmyofobis gamo (maT Sori 3 mamakaci da 1 qali), xolo 21 – xandazmulobis asakis gamo (maT Soris 16 mamakaci da 5 qali); 2013 wlis agvistos mdgomareobiT (8 Tve) – 51 gaTavisuflda avadmyofobis gamo (maT Soris 50 mamakci da 1 qali), xolo 33 – xandazmu-lobis asakis gamo (21 mamakaci da 12 qali).576

7.2.4 ganaCenis aRsrulebis gadavadeba

msjavrdebulis mimarT, romelsac sasjelad daeniS-na Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, ganaCenis aRsruleba SeiZleba gadaavados ganaCenis gamomtanma sasamarTlom sasamarT-lo-samedicino eqspertizis daskvnis safuZvelze, imave ganaCeniT, xolo misi gamotanis Semdeg – ganCinebiT, Semde-gi safuZvlebis arsebobisas: a) msjavrdebuli daavadebu-lia mZime avadmyofobiT, rac xels uSlis sasjelis moxdas, – mis gamojanmrTelebamde an janmrTelobis mdgomareobis arsebiTad gaumjobesebamde; b) msjavrdebuli ganaCenis aRsrulebis momentisTvis orsuladaa – mSobiarobis Sem-deg 1 wlamde.577

ganaCenis aRsrulebis gadavadebis sakiTxs sasamarTlo ganixilavs msjavrdebulis, misi advokatis, kanonieri war-momadgenlis an sasjelaRsrulebis departamentis Tavmj-domaris SuamdgomlobiT.578

mZime avadmyofobis gamo ganaCenis aRsrulebis gada-vadebisas gadawyvetilebis gamomtanma sasamarTlom ima-ve ganaCeniT (ganCinebiT) unda daadginos msjavrdebulis janmrTelobis mdgomareoba eqspertiziT msjavrdebu-lis xarjiT, weliwadSi sul mcire erTxel Catarebisa da


577 saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 283(1)


281

msjavrdebulma eqspertizis daskvna unda warmoadginos. Tu msjavrdebuli gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarT-los Sesabamisi periodulobiT ar warudgens eqpertizis daskvnas, sasamarTlo zepiri mosmenis gareSe, ganCinebiT iRebs gadawyvetilebas sasjelis mouxdeli nawilis mosax-delad msjavrdebulis Sesabamis dawesebulebaSi dabru-nebis Sesaxeb.579 msjavrdebulis mier eqspertizis daskvnis wardgenis SemTxvevaSi ganaCenis aRsrulebis gadavadebis gadawyvetilebis gamomtani sasamarTlo zepiri mosmenis gareSe, ganCinebiT iRebs gadawyvetilebas ganaCenis aRs-rulebis gadavadebis Taobaze sasamarTlos gadawyvetile-bis ZalaSi datovebis Sesaxeb an gadawyvetilebas sasjelis mouxdeli nawilis mosaxdelad msjavrdebulis Sesabamis dawesebulebaSi dabrunebis Sesaxeb.580

saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis sami-nistros da saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da so-cialuri dacvis saministros erTobliv mudmivmoqmedi komisiis mier gancxadeba avadmyofobisa da xandazmulo-bis asakis gamo sasjelisgan gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb ar daiSveba janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gamo ganaCenis aRs-rulebis gadavadebul msjavrdebulTa SemTxvevaSi.581

Tu msjavrdebuli, romelsac orsulobis gamo, mSobia-robis Semdeg 1 wlamde sasamarTlos mier gadavadebuli aqvs sasjelis aRsruleba, uars acxadebs Svilze an Tavs aridebs mis aRzrdas, probaciis oficeri afrTxilebs mas werilobiT, rom aseTi qmedeba aris `arasapatimro sas-

jelTa aRsrulebisa da probaciis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos



581 saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa ministrisa da saqarTvelos Sromis, janmr-Telobisa da socialuri dacvis ministris erToblivi brZaneba #181/#01–72/n (18.12.2012) saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, proba-ciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa saministrosa da saqarTve-los Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros er-Toblivi mudmivmoqmedi komisiis Seqmnis Sesaxeb, muxli 4(5)

282

kanonis 21-e muxlis pirveli punqtis `T~ qvepunqtiT ga-

Tvaliswinebuli wardginebiT sasamarTlosTvis mimarTvis

safuZveli,582 razedac dgeba Sesabamisi oqmi.583 Tu aRniSnu-

li mdgomareoba erTi kviris vadaSi ar gamosworda, pro-

baciis biuros ufrosi sasamarTlos mimarTavs wardgine-

biT sasjelis moxdis gadavadebis gauqmebisa da ganaCeniT

daniSnul adgilas msjavrdebulis sasjelis mosaxdelad

gagzavnis Sesaxeb.584

Tu msjavrdebuli uars ityvis Svilze an Tavs aaridebs

Svilis aRzrdas mas Semdeg, rac igi gaafrTxila probaciis

biurom, ganaCenis aRsrulebis gadavadebis gadawyvetile-

bis gamomtan sasamarTlos SeuZlia zepiri mosmenis gare-

Se, ganCinebiT, probaciis biuros wardginebiT gaauqmos

sasjelis moxdis gadavadeba da msjavrdebuli sasjelis

mosaxdelad gagzavnos ganaCeniT daniSnul adgilas.585 ro-

desac msjavrdebulis Svili 1 wlis asaks miaRwevs, ganaCe-

nis aRsrulebis gadavadebis gadawyvetilebis gamomtani

sasamarTlo zepiri mosmenis gareSe, ganCinebiT aTavisu-

flebs msjavrdebuls sasjelis mouxdeli nawilis moxdis-

gan an sasjelis mouxdel nawils Seucvlis ufro msubuqi

saxis sasjeliT, anda miiRebs gadawyvetilebas sasjelis

mouxdeli nawilis mosaxdelad msjavrdebulis Sesabamis

dawesebulebaSi dabrunebis Sesaxeb.586 Tu msjavrdebuli sasjelis moxdis gadavadebis pe-

582 `1. probaciis biuros ufrosi saTanado safuZvlis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos mimarTavs erT-erTi Semdegi wardginebiT: . . . T) sasjelis moxdis gadavadebis gauqmebisa da ganaCeniT daniSnul adgilas msjavrdebulis sasjelis mosaxdelad gagzavnis Sesaxeb;...~

583 saqarTvelos kanoni arasapatimro sasjelTa aRsrulebisa da probaciis Sesaxeb, muxli 42(1)


585 saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 283(5)


283

riodSi axal danaSauls Caidens, sasamarTlo mas dauniS-navs sasjels sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT (61-e muxliT) gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT.587

saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis sa-ministros mier mowodebuli statistikuri monacemebis Tanaxmad ganaCenis aRsrulebis gadavadeba avadmyofobis da orsulobis safuZvelze 2010 wels 28 pirs Seexo; 2011 wels – 46 pirs; 2012 wels – 104-s (maT Soris 90 mamakacsa da 14 qals); 2013 wlis agvistos mdgomareobiT (8 Tve) – 3 mamakacs.588

7.2.5 sasjelis mouxdeli nawilis ufro msubuqi saxis sasjeliT Secvla da misi aRsruleba

msjavrdebuls, mis damcvels/kanonier warmomadge-nels an axlo naTesavs ufleba aqvs warudginos sasjelaR-srulebisa da saministros adgilobriv sabWos (Semdgom teqstSi `sabWo~) msjavrdebulisTvis sasjelis mouxdeli nawilis ufro msubuqi saxis sasjeliT Secvlis sakiTxis gansaxilvelad aucilebeli dokumentacia da Sesabamisi Suamdgomloba.589

sabWos ganxilva tardeba zepiri mosmeniT an/da zepi-ri mosmenis gareSe, administraciuli warmoebis wesebis dacviT.590 sabWo mxolod zepiri mosmeniT iRebs gadawyve-tilebas msjavrdebulisTvis sasjelis mouxdeli nawilis ufro msubuqi saxis sasjeliT Secvlis Sesaxeb.591

kanonmdebloba `msubuqi saxis sasjelSi~ am SemTxvevaSi moiazrebs mxolod sazogadoebrivad sasargeblo Sromas an Tavisuflebis SezRudvas (rogorc ZiriTad sasjels),



589 saqarTvelos patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 43(1)



284

radgan patimrobis kodeqsis 43-e muxli meeqvse nawiliT adgens, rom sabWo gadawyvetilebas msjavrdebulisTvis sasjelis mouxdeli nawilis sazogadoebisTvis sasarge-blo SromiT an Tavisuflebis SezRudviT Secvlis Sesaxeb iRebs msjavrdebulis Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi.

sabWos gadawyvetileba msjavrdebulisTvis sasjelis mouxdeli nawilis ufro msubuqi saxis sasjeliT Secvlaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb SeiZleba administraciuli wesiT er-Tjeradad gasaCivrdes sasamarTloSi.592 Tu sabWo miiRebs gadawyvetilebas msjavrdebulisTvis sasjelis mouxdeli nawilis ufro msubuqi saxis sasjeliT Secvlaze uaris Tq-mis Sesaxeb, imave sakiTxze msjavrdebulis Suamdgomlobis xelaxla ganxilva SeiZleba mxolod 6 Tvis Semdeg, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac mosaxdeli sasjelis vada ar aRe-mateba 6 Tves an/da Tu arsebobs raime gansakuTrebuli ga-remoeba.593

sazogadoebisTvis sasargeblo Sroma niSnavs msjavr-debulis usasyidlo Sromas, romlis saxes gansazRvra-vs probaciis biuro.594 rogorc wesi, sazogadoebisTvis sasargeblo Sroma iniSneba ormocidan rvaas saaTamde va-diT; Tu sabWos gadawyvetilebiT msjavrdebuls sasjelis mouxdeli nawili Seecvleba sazogadoebrivad sasargeblo SromiT, igi SeiZleba dainiSnos ufro meti vadiTac (msgavs SemTxvevaSi kanonmdebloba ar gansazRvravs saaTebis mi-nimalur da maqsimalur odenobas). amasTanave, msjavrde-buli SeiZleba mTlianad an nawilobriv gaTavisufdes da-matebiTi sasjelis595 moxdisgan (garda qonebis CamorTme-visa). yoveldRiurad aseTi Sromis xangrZlivoba ar unda aRematebodes rva saaTs.596




595 saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 41(2) muxlis Tanxamad `sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeblo Sroma, jarima da Tanamdebobis da-kavebis an saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeva SeiZleba dainiSnos ro-gorc ZiriTad, aseve damatebiT sasjelad...~

596 iqve, muxli 44(2) da muxli 73(3)

285

Tavisuflebis SezRudva niSnavs ganaCenis gamotanis

momentisTvis ToTxmet wels miRweuli msjavrdebulis sa-

zogadoebisgan izolaciis gareSe moTavsebas Tavisufle-

bis SezRudvis dawesebulebaSi masze zedamxedvelobis

ganxorcielebiT.597 Tavisuflebis SezRudva eniSneba na-

samarTlobis armqone msjavrdebuls erTidan xuT wlamde

vadiT.598 Tavisuflebis aRkveTis Tavisuflebis SezRud-

viT Secvlis SemTxvevaSi igi SeiZleba dainiSnos erT welze

mcire vadiT.599

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 44-e muxlis

meoTxe nawiliTa da 47-e muxlis me-4 nawiliT gansazRvru-

lia im pirTa CamonaTvali, romelTac ar daeniSneba sazo-

gadoebrivad sasargeblo Sroma da Tavisuflebis SezRud-

va – pirveli da meore jgufis invalidebs, orsul qals,

qals, romelsac hyavs Svid wlamde Svili, sapensio asakis

pirs, agreTve gawveul samxedro mosamsaxures. aRniSnuli

norma, miuxedavad Tavisi zogadi xasiaTisa, ar exeba msja-

vrdebulTa Sesabamis kategoriebs (pirveli da meore jgu-

fis invalidebi, orsuli qali, qali, romelsac hyavs Svid

wlamde Svili, sapensio asakis piri), radgan Sesabamisi da-

Tqma gakeTebulia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeq-

sis 73 muxlis me-3 da me-31 nawilebSi.

sasjelis mouxdeli nawilis msjavrdebulisTvis ufro

msubuqi sasjeliT Secvla SesaZlebelia, Tu man faqtobri-

vad moixada sasjelis aranakleb erTi mesamedi naklebad

mZime danaSaulis Cadenis SemTxvevaSi, aranakleb naxevari

– mZime danaSaulis SemTxvevaSi, aranakleb ori mesamedi –

gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulis SemTxvevaSi da ori mesa-

medi sasjelisa, romelic daniSnuli hqonda pirs, romelic




286

pirobiT vadamde gaaTavisufles, xolo pirobiT vadamde

gaTavisufleba gauuqmda sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 72-e

muxlis meeqvse nawilis600 safuZvelze.601

msjavrdebuls, romelsac danaSaulis Cadenis momen-tisTvis ar Sesrulebia 18 weli, sasjelis mouxdeli nawi-li SeiZleba Seecvalos ufro msubuqi sasjeliT, Tu man faqtobrivad moixada sasjelis aranakleb erTi meoTxedi naklebad mZime danaSaulis Cadenis SemTxvevaSi, aranakleb mesamedi – mZime danaSaulis SemTxvevaSi, aranakleb naxeva-ri – gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulis SemTxvevaSi.602

msjavrdebulis mier faqtobrivad moxdili Tavisu-flebis aRkveTis vada ar unda iyos sam Tveze naklebi. es wesi ar vrceldeba msjavrdebulze, romelsac danaSaulis Cadenis momentisTvis ar Sesrulebia 18 weli.603

sazogadoebisTvis sasargeblo Sromis daniSvnis Se-saxeb sabWos gadawyvetilebis aslis aRsasruleblad mi-Rebis Semdeg probaciis biuro ganusazRvravs msjavrde-buls sazogadoebisTvis sasargeblo Sromis saxesa da yo-veldRiur xangrZlivobas.604 probaciis biurosa da damsa-qmebels Soris ideba xelSekruleba, romelSic mieTiTeba

600 Tu msjavrdebulma sasjelis mouxdel vadaSi: a) jiutad Tavi aarida pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebisas misTvis dakisrebuli movaleobis Sesrulebas, sasamarTlos SeuZlia am muxlis me-5 naw-ilSi aRniSnuli organoebis wardginebiT daadginos, rom gauqmdes pirobiT vadamde gaTavisufleba da aRsruldes sasjelis mouxdeli nawili; b) gaufrTxileblobiTi danaSauli Caidina, pirobiT vadam-de gaTavisuflebis gauqmebis an ZalaSi datovebis sakiTxs wyvets sasamarTlo; g) ganzraxi danaSauli Caidina, sasamarTlo dauniSnavs mas sasjels sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 59-e muxliT gaTvalis-winebuli wesiT. imave wesiT dainiSneba sasjeli gaufrTxileblo-biTi danaSaulis CadenisaTvis, Tu sasamarTlo gaauqmebs pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebas.




604 saqarTvelos kanoni arasapatimro sasjelTa aRsrulebis wesisa da probaciis Sesaxeb, muxli 29(1)

287

msjavrdebulis mier Sesasrulebeli sazogadoebisTvis sasargeblo Sromis saxe, mTliani vada, yoveldRiuri xan-grZlivoba, samuSao adgili, damsaqmeblis dasaxeleba da misamarTi.605

sazogadoebisTvis sasargeblo Sromis srulfasova-ni aRsrulebis da misi jerovani kontrolis mizniT, pro-baciis erovnuli saagento uflebamosilia adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organosTan an sxva damsaqmebelTan gaaformos/dados Sesabamisi SeTanxmeba/xelSekruleba.606

msjavrdebuli, misi socialuri mdgomareobisa da samu-Sao pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT, uzrunvelyofili iqneba kvebiT an mas probaciis erovnuli saagento aunazRaurebs kvebis xarjebs.607 msjavrdebuls sazogadoebisTvis sasar-geblo Sromis dros, Sesasrulebeli samuSaos gaTvaliswi-nebiT, probaciis erovnuli saagento uzrunvelyofs saTa-nado saxis dazRveviT.608

sazogadoebisTvis sasargeblo Sroma SeiZleba Ses-ruldes dRis nebismier monakveTSi. msjavrdebuls Tavi-si surviliT, saTanado pirobebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, ufleba aqvs sazogadoebisTvis sasargeblod imuSaos das-venebis dReebSi.609

msjavrdebulis mier sazogadoebisTvis sasargeblo Sromis xangrZlivobis, Sesrulebuli samuSaos moculobis aRricxvas axorcielebs da Sesabamis Canawerebs awarmoebs damsaqmebeli. probaciis oficeri periodulad akontro-lebs damsaqmeblis Canawerebis siswores, msjavrdebulis mier Sesrulebul samuSaos da samuSaos Sesrulebis Se-saxeb monacemebi Seaqvs oqmSi.610

probaciis oficeri afrTxilebs msjavrdebuls sazo-605 iqve, muxli 29(2)




609 iqve, muxli 30


288

gadoebisTvis sasargeblo Sromis wesebisa da pirobebis darRvevisTvis saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili pasuxismgeblobis Taobaze.611 Tu msjavrdebuli uars gana-cxadebs sazogadoebisTvis sasargeblo Sromaze an jiutad Tavs aaridebs mas, es sasjeli Seicvleba jarimiT, Tavisu-flebis SezRudviT an Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT. amasTanave, dro, romlis ganmavlobaSic msjavrdebuli ixdida am sas-jels, CaiTvleba Tavisuflebis SezRudvis an Tavisufle-bis aRkveTis vadaSi, Semdegi gaangariSebiT: sazogadoebis-Tvis sasargeblo Sromis xuTi saaTi – Tavisuflebis aRkve-Tis erTi dRe.612

Tavisuflebis SezRudvis aRsruleba xorcielde-ba dawesebulebis teritoriaze msjavrdebulis indivi-dualuri gegmis (progresuli gegmis) mixedviT, romlis pirobebsac gansazRvravs dawesebulebis ufrosi.613

sasjelis saxiT Tavisuflebis SezRudvis Sesaxeb sa-marTlebrivi aqtis aRsasruleblad miRebis Semdeg msja-vrdebuls, saWiroebidan gamomdinare, ganesazRvreba dawesebulebaSi arsebul sareabilitacio programebSi monawileobis valdebuleba, aseve misi TanxmobiT, fizi-kuri da gonebrivi SesaZleblobebis gaTvaliswinebiT, Se-sabamisi momzadebis gavlis Semdeg ganesazRvreba SromiTi saqmianoba probaciis erovnuli saagentos samewarmeo an arasamewarmeo iuridiul pirSi.614 TavisuflebaSezRudu-li piris SromiTi saqmianoba anazRaurebadia.615

Tavisuflebis SezRudvis moxdis pirobebi gulisxmobs sasjelis moxdis periodSi msjavrdebulis dawesebuleba-Si mudmivad yofnas, garda saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili arasamuSao da uqme dReebisa, Tu dawesebulebis



613 saqarTvelos kanoni arasapatimro sasjelTa aRsrulebis wesisa da probaciis Sesaxeb, muxli 441(1)



289

tipuri debulebiT sxva ram ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli.616

Tavisuflebis SezRudvis moxdis periodSi msjavr-debuls ekrZaleba dawesebulebis teritoriidan gasvla dawesebulebis ufrosis werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe. nebarTva SeiZleba gaices mxolod teritoriis datovebis mizezis dasabuTebis Semdeg.617

dawesebulebaSi yofnisas msjavrdebuli sargeblobs internetiT, satelefono da sxva sakomunikacio saSua-lebebiT, agreTve xanmokle paemnis uflebiT.618 xanmokle paemnis ufleba msjavrdebuls SeiZleba mieces mSobelTan, mSvilebelTan, SvilTan, naSvilebTan, meuRlesTan, das-Tan, ZmasTan.619

Tu msjavrdebuli jiutad Tavs aaridebs Tavisuflebis SezRudvas, es sasjeli Seicvleba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT – ganaCeniT daniSnuli Tavisuflebis SezRudvis vadiT. amasTan, dro, romlis ganmavlobaSic msjavrdebuli ixdi-da am sasjels, CaiTvleba Tavisuflebis aRkveTis vadaSi, Semdegi gaangariSebiT: Tavisuflebis SezRudvis erTi dRe – Tavisuflebis aRkveTis erTi dRe.620






290

merve Tavi

msjavrdebulTa/braldebulTa movaleobebi da pasuxismgeblobis saxeebi

8.1 msjavrdebulTa/braldebulTa movaleobebi

msjavrdebuls SesaZlebelia iseTi saxis valdebulebe-bi daekisros, romelic mkacrad iqneba dadgenili samarT-lebrivi aqtebiT da romlis Sesrulebis aucileblobac cnobilia msjavrdebulisTvis.

patimrobis kodeqsis 30-e muxli ar gvTavazobs msjavr-debulTa/ braldebulTa mier Sesasrulebel valdebule-baTa CamonaTvals. patimrobis kodeqsis 30-e muxlis Tanax-mad, msjavrdebuli/braldebuli valdebulia `a) daicvas patimrobis/Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis debu-leba da Seasrulos administraciis kanonieri moTxovne-bi; b) daicvas piradi higiena, sufTad da wesrigSi iqonios tansacmeli, sawoli da sacxovrebeli sadgomi; g) survi-lis SemTxvevevaSi imuSaos mxolod administraciis mier gamoyofil samuSao adgilze, am kodeqsiTa da patimrobis/Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis debulebiT dadge-nili pirobebiT.~

`patimrobis, Tavisuflebis aRkveTis, Sereuli ti-pis braldebulTa da msjavrdebulTa dawesebulebebis, braldebulTa da msjavrdebulTa samkurnalo dawesebu-lebisa da tuberkulozis samkurnalo da sareabilitacio centris debulebebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~, saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa ministris 2011 wlis 30 maisis #97 brZaneba gan-sazRvravs msjavrdebulisa da braldebulis movaleobebs da akrZalvebs.

aRniSnuli norma Seicavs CamonaTvals konkretuli qmedebebis, romlis Sesrulebac evaleba msjavrdebuls/braldebuls. braldebuli/msjavrdebuli valdebulia: a)

291

daicvas patimrobis kodeqsiTa da am debulebiT dadgenili wesebi da pirobebi, agreTve Seasrulos misTvis dakisre-buli movaleobani da administraciis kanonieri moTxovne-bi; b) gaufrTxildes da ar daazianos dawesebulebis an sxva piris qoneba; g) Tavazianad moepyros sxva braldebu-lebsa da dawesebulebis personals, Seasrulos maTi ka-nonieri moTxovnebi; d) daicvas piradi higiena, sufTad da wesrigSi iqonios sacxovrebeli da sxva sadgomebi, samuSao adgili, tansacmeli, sawoli, Seinaxos sakvebi produqtebi da individualuri moxmarebis sagnebi amisTvis gamoyofil adgilebsa da saTavsebSi, ataros dawesebuli specialuri tansacmeli da tansacmelze dadgenili braldebulTa ga-mosacnobi nimuSis gulsabnevi da samklavuri; e) survilis SemTxvevevaSi imuSaos mxolod administraciis mier gamo-yofil samuSao adgilze dadgenili wesiTa da pirobebiT.

am brZanebis Tanaxmad, msjavrdebuls/braldebuls ar daekisreba iseTi valdebuleba, rac Selaxavs mis pativisa da Rirsebas.

aRniSnuli brZanebis mixedviT msjavrdebuls/bral-debuls ekrZaleba: a) daarRvios obieqtebis dacvis xazi, an dawesebulebis teritoriis sazRvrebi; b) daarRvios dawesebulebaSi gadaadgilebis wesebi (braldebulis ga-daadgilebis dros dawesebulebis Sesabamis TanamSro-mels ufleba aqvs usafrTxoebis dacvis mizniT mosTxo-vos mas xelebis zurgs ukan dalageba); g) administraciis nebarTvis gareSe gavides sacxovrebeli da dawesebulebis teritoriaze Seqmnili sawarmoebis teritoriis izoli-rebuli monakveTebidan; d) administraciis nebarTvis ga-reSe imyofebodes sxva sakanSi, sadac igi ar cxovrobs an dawesebulebis teritoriaze Seqmnil sawarmoo obieqtze, sadac igi ar muSaobs; e) SeiZinos, daamzados, Seinaxos an/da gamoiyenos akrZaluli nivTebi621; v) moswios Tambaqo

621 saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis ministris 2011 wlis 30 maisis #97-e brZanebis Tanaxmad, akrZalul nivTebs mie-kuTvneba: 1. samoqalaqo brunvidan amoRebuli sagnebi, nivTebi da

292

amisTvis gamoyofili adgilebis gareT; z) gayidos an ga-morCenis mizniT sxvagvarad gaasxvisos sakvebi produqte-bi, pirad sargeblobaSi an sakuTrebaSi arsebuli sagnebi, nakeTobebi, sxva nivTebi an nivTierebebi; T) iTamaSos banqo an sxva TamaSebi materialuri gamorCenis miRebis mizniT; i) administraciis nebarTvis gareSe gacvalos saZinebeli ad-gilebi, agreTve moawyos saZinebeli adgilebi dawesebule-bis teritoriaze Seqmnil sawarmoebSi, komunalur-sayo-facxovrebo, sxva samsaxurebriv da damxmare nagebobebSi; k) administraciis nebarTvis gareSe iyolios cxovelebi da frinvelebi, misdios mebostneobas, moaSenos dekoratiu-li Tevzebi an oTaxis mcenareebi; l) gamofinos fotogra-fiebi, reproduqciebi, baraTebi, amonaWrebi gazeTebidan da Jurnalebidan kedlebze, tumboebsa da sawolebze; m) TviTneburad moawyos sawarmoo an sxva obieqtebze sxva-dasxva nagebobebi, karadebi, seifebi da sxva; n) administra-ciis nebarTvis gareSe gamoiyenos mowyobilobebi, instru-mentebi, eleqtroenergia, arasawarmoo mizniT gamoyene-badi meqanizmebi da masalebi; o) moamzados da gamoiyenos saWmeli amisTvis gauTvaliswinebel adgilebSi; p) avi-

nivTierebebi; 2. cecxlsasroli da civi iaraRis yvela saxeoba. 3. satransporto saSualebebi; 4. qimikatebi, feTqebadi, momwamlavi da cecxlsaSiSi nivTierebebi; 5. fuli, faseuli nivTebi, fasiani qaRaldebi; 6. optikuri xelsawyoebi, 7. sakvebi produqtebi, rom-lebic saWiroeben siTbur damuSavebas (yava-Cais garda), safuari, Saqari; 8. alkoholuri sasmelebis yvela saxeoba, ludi; 9. sunamoe-bi, odekolonebi da sxva spirtze damzadebuli nivTierebebi; 10. gadasamravlebeli aparatebi; 11. danebi, sxva basri da mCxvletavi sagnebi, maT Soris, kustarulad damzadebuli an/da daSlili an/da gadakeTebuli erTjeradi samarTebeli; 12. najaxebi, CaquCebi da sxva instrumentebi; 13. banqo; 14. fotoaparatebi, fotomasale-bi, audio-video da fiqsaciis sxva saSualebebi; 15. mobiluri tele-fonebi; 16. nebismieri dokumenti (sasamarTlos ganaCenebisa da gad-awyvetilebebis aslebis, Sesanaxad Cabarebuli fulis, nivTebisa da faseulobebis qviTris garda); 17. kompasebi; 18. daudgeneli nimuSis samxedro da sxva formis tansacmeli da am saxeobis tansacmels mi-kuTvnebuli zeda samosi, qudebi da fexsacmeli; 19. saRebavebi da kopirebis qaRaldebi.

293

des Senobebis, saamqroebisa da nagebobebis saxuravebze, miuaxlovdes Sida akrZaluli zonis zRvars; J) adminis-traciis nebarTvis gareSe datovos samuSao adgili, saka-ni, agreTve Senoba, sadac masobrivi RonisZiebebi tardeba; r) sityvieri Seuracxofa miayenos an sxvagvarad Selaxos dawesebulebis mosamsaxuris an sxva piris Rirseba; s) raime saxiT xeli SeuSalos dawesebulebaSi arsebuli dacvis an sxva teqnikuri saSualebebis muSaobas; t) Seqmnas konfli-qturi situacia; u) administraciis nebarTvis gareSe daam-zados raime saxis eleqtro an meqanikuri mowyobiloba; f) ixmauros, rac daarRvevs wesrigs da xels SeuSlis dawese-bulebis normalur funqcionirebas; q) ukanono formebiT miawodos nebismieri saxis informacia saknidan sakanSi an dawesebulebis gareT; R) moaxdinos fizikuri zemoqmede-ba braldebulze an sxva pirze; y) Caidinos sxva nebismieri qmedeba, rac arRvevs am debulebas, kanons an kanonmdeblo-biT dadgenil sxva normebs.

mocemuli movaleobebi da akrZalvebi emsaxureba sas-jelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis usafrTxoebasa da wes-rigs. rogorc disciplinur RonisZiebebs, aseve movaleo-bebs da akrZalvebs prevenciuli xasiaTi gaaCnia da mimar-Tulia msjavrdebulis/braldebulis gafrTxilebisken, raTa man ar Caidinos iseTi saqcieli risTvisac SesaZlebe-lia misi dasja moxdes.622

TiToeuli zemoTCamoTvlili movaleobis an akrZalvis Sinaarsi unda iyos realuri da dakonkretebuli. ar unda xdebodes misi arasworad Sefaseba da movaleobis darRve-vad miCneva. magaliTisTvis sainteresoa saxalxo damcve-lis 2012 wlis saparlamento angariSi, sadac miTiTebulia, rom momsaxure personalis mxridan araadekvaturad iyo aRqmuli xmauri. is rac scildeboda CurCuls iTvlebo-da xmaurad da msjavrdebulTa dasjas iwvevda.623 xmaurad

622 R-P. Calliess/H. Müller-Dietz, Strafvollzugsgeasetz-Kommentar. München 2000. S. 468.623 msjavrdebulebs ekrZalebodaT `normalur xmaze saubari sakan-

294

iTvleboda aseve eqimis moTxovnac rac dasjis sababi Sei-Zleba gamxdariyo.624

`evropis wamebis sawinaaRmdego komitetis (CPT) 2010 wlis angariSSi aRniSnulia, rom gldanis N8 sapyrobileSi vizitis dros komitets praqtikulad ar miuRia gancxade-bebi arasaTanado mopyrobis Sesaxeb. Tumca, mogvianebiT, sxva dawesebulebebSi ganTavsebulma ramdenime patimarma ganucxada delegaciis wevrebs, rom maT gldanis sapyro-bileSi yofnisas arasaTanadod eqceodnen TanamSromlebi, gansakuTrebiT ki `karcersa~ da saSxapeebSi, aseve dawe-sebulebaSi miRebis dros. rogorc patimrebi amtkicebd-nen, fizikuri Seuracxyofa (ketiT, muStiT, wixliT cema) mohyveboda iseT darRvevebs, rogoricaa saknis karze dakakuneba, erTmaneTSi xmamaRali laparaki an sxva sakneb-Si ganTavsebul patimrebTan gamolaparakeba. delegaciam aRniSna, rom gldanis sapyrobileSi vizitis dros saknebSi uCveulo siCume sufevda.~625

msjavrdebuls ekrZaleba Semdegi, l) gamofinos foto-grafiebi, reproduqciebi, baraTebi, amonaWrebi gazeTebi-dan da Jurnalebidan kedlebze, tumboebsa da sawolebze. aRniSnuli akrZalva kargi magaliTia imisTvis, rom gavi-goT ra ar unda iyos msjavrdebulisTvis/ braldebulis-Tvis akrZaluli. cixeSi patimris mdgomareoba iTxovs mis mier ojaxis wevrebTan kontaqtis imitacias swored iseTi saSualebebiT, rac patimars maTTan siaxloves agrZnobi-nebs, swored aseTi saSualeba aris ojaxis wevrebis fo-toebis gakvra an gamofena misTvis TvalsaCino adgilas. es SeiZleba CaiTvalos patimris piradi cxovrebis nawi-

Si da erTmaneTSi saubrobdnen CurCuliT; ekrZalebodaT sicili; ekrZalebodaT radios mosmena iseT xmaze, romelzec zogadad Ses-aZlebelia radios smena da mxolod yurze midebul mdgomareoba-Si hqondaT radios mosmenis saSualeba, sxva SemTxvevaSi radios xmis gagoneba ubralod SeuZlebeli iyo~. ix.: saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis 2012 wlis angariSi. gv. 17.



295

lad, romelic resocializaciisTvis aris aucilebeli da romlis akrZalvac ar SeiZleba. aseTi akrZalva ar emsaxu-reba sasjelaRsrulebiT dawesebulebaSi usafrTxoebisa da wesrigis dacvas. Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom akrZal-va ar SeiZleba iyos iseTi, rac SesaZlebelia normalurad iTvlebodes pirovnebis ganviTarebisTvis.626

akrZalvis aucilebloba ganxilul unda iqnas Tana-fardobis konstituciuri principis gamoyenebiT. rac gu-lisxmobs, rom akrZalva aucilebeli da saWiro unda iyos miznis misaRwevad.627 Tu sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebule-bis mizania usafrTxoebis da wesrigis dacva, patimris mier fotografiebis, reproduqciebis, baraTebis, amonaWre-bi gazeTebidan da Jurnalebidan kedlebze, tumboebsa da sawolebze gamofena pirdapir kavSirSi ar aris sasjelaRs-rulebis dawesebulebebSi usafrTxoebis da wesrigis dac-vasTan. es akrZalva SesaZlebelia arRvevdes msjavrdebu-lis Tavisufali ganviTarebis uflebas.

8.2 braldebulis/msjavrdebulis disciplinuri pasuxismgebloba

8.2.1 sakanonmdeblo regulireba

Tavisi xasiaTiT, cixe daxuruli dawesebulebaa, ro-melSic xalxis did jgufebs amyofeben maTi nebis sawinaaR-mdegod, SezRuduli uflebebis pirobebSi. drodadro gardauvalia zogierTi patimris mier cixis wesebis sxva-dasxvagvari darRveva. es SeiZleba gamoixatos sxva pirze fizikuri TavdasxmiT, iseTi ramis aRebiT, rac mas ar eku-Tvnis, yoveldRiuri ganawesis Sesrulebaze uaris TqmiT, marTlzomieri wesrigis daumorCileblobiT, cixeSi akr-626 sainteresoa germaniis magaliTi. germaniaSi cixidan ise gaqvceva, rasac ar mohyolia vinmes an raimes dazianeba ar iTvleba akrZalvad. germaniis ss kodeqsi ar sjis aseTi qmedebisaTvis patimars. K. Lauben-thal, Strafvollzug. Sechste Auflage. Heidelberg 2011. S. 445,446.627 R-P. Calliess/H. Müller-Dietz, Strafvollzugsgesetz-Kommentar. München 2000. S. 468, 469.

296

Zaluli sagnebis Setanis mcdelobiT an raime sxva saxiT. aseTi incidentebis ganxilva-gadawyvetisTvis saWiroa ar-sebobdes mkafiod gawerili procedurebi.

patimrobis kodeqsi aregulirebs braldebulis/msja-vrdebulis disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxebs. kerZod, disciplinur darRvevad miCneul qmedebebs, dis-ciplinuri saxdelis saxeebs, disciplinur samarTalwar-moebasa da gasaCivrebis wess. ganvixiloT TiToeuli maT-gani.628

disciplinis darRveva

patimrobis kodeqsis me-80 muxliT disciplinur darR-vevad miiCneva: a) sanitariul-higienuri normebis darRve-va; b) xanZarsawinaaRmdego usafrTxoebis wesebis darRveva; g) dawesebulebis mosamsaxurisa da sxva pirisTvis maT mier samsaxurebrivi movaleobebis Sesrulebisas winaaRmdego-bis gaweva; d) ganzraxi qmedebis Cadena, romelic safrTxes uqmnis sxva piris sicocxles an/da janmrTelobas, agre-Tve sxva piris Rirsebisa da xelSeuxeblobis Selaxva; e) dawesebulebis an sxva piris qonebis dazianeba/ganadgure-ba, maT Soris, misi vizualuri mxaris cvlilebiT; v) dawe-sebulebis mier dadgenili gadaadgilebis SezRudvebis/ sazRvrebis unebarTvod gadakveTa; z) dawesebulebis te-ritoriaze sargeblis miRebis mizniT saqmianoba adminis-traciis nebarTvis gareSe; T) dawesebulebis teritoriaze ganTavsebul mowyobilobaTa/sistemebis funqcionirebaSi administraciis nebarTvis gareSe Careva, Senoba-nagebo-bebis dizainsa da funqciebSi cvlilebebis TviTneburad Setana; i) dawesebulebis teritoriaze akrZaluli nivTis damzadeba, floba an sargebloba; i1) dawesebulebis teri-toriaze alkoholuri simTvralis mdgomareobaSi yofna; k) xmauri an sxvagvari qmedeba, romelic arRvevs wesrigs

628 e. koili, penitencialuri sistemis marTva adamianis uflebaTa poziciidan. Tbilisi 2007. gv. 84.

297

da xels uSlis dawesebulebis normalur funqcionirebas; l) nebismieri saxis informaciis ukanono formiT miwodeba saknidan sakanSi an dawesebulebis gareT; m) dawesebulebis debulebis, dawesebulebaSi dadgenili dRis ganrigisa da saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili sxva normebis darRveva.

zemoTCamoTvlili qmedebebi braldebulis/msjavrde-bulis mier Sesasrulebeli valdebulebebia. mocemuli valdebulebebidan ramdenime metad problemuria, da Se-saZlebelia administraciis TviTneboba gamoiwvios. ase-Ti saxis valdebulebebia: k) xmauri an sxvagvari qmedeba, romelic arRvevs wesrigs da xels uSlis dawesebulebis normalur funqcionirebas; l) nebismieri saxis informa-ciis ukanono formiT miwodeba saknidan sakanSi an dawese-bulebis gareT. xmaurTan dakavSirebis zemoT gvqonda ukve saubari da am problemas aRar SevexebiT. rac Seexeba nebis-mieri xasiaTis informaciis ukanono formiT miwodeba sak-nidan sakanSi vfiqrobT metad zogadi Canaweria. informa-ciis ukanono formiT miwodebaSi SesaZlebelia CaiTvalos saknidan sakanSi gadalaparakeba (Zaxili), rac cixis cxo-vrebis normaluri procesia da ar SeiZleba disciplinur darRvevad iqnas miCneuli.

disciplinuri saxdelicixis evropulis wesebis(56) mixedviT, disciplinu-

ri saxdeli gamoyenebul unda iqnas, rogorc ukiduresi saSualeba. cixis administraciam unda gamoiyenos mediaci-is yvela SesaZlebloba, raTa gadaWras kamaTi patimrebTan da patimrebs Soris. cixis evropuli wesebi xazs usvamen konfliqtis mSvidobian mogvarebas da ara administraciis mier sakuTari Zalis demonstrirebas.

disciplinuri RonisZiebis gamoyeneba atarebs zogadi da kerZo prevenciis mniSvnelobas. disciplinuri saxde-lis zogadi prevencia mdgomareobs imaSi, rom sxva msjavr-debulebi mixvdnen (daSindnen) da aRar Caidinon maTTvis

298

akrZaluli qmedeba, xolo kerZo prevenciis kuTxiT disci-plinuri saxdelis mizania braldebulis/msjavrdebulis resocializacia, anu disciplinuri saxdeli aris cixeSi axali socializaciisTvis saWiro, ukiduresi (aRmzrde-lobiTi) RonisZieba.629

disciplinuri saxdelis dakisrebiT unda moxdes ad-ministracias da patimars Soris arsebuli konfliqtis dasruleba. dauSvebelia cixis administraciam wesrigis dasamyareblad mimarTos sxva patimrebs (mag. mayureblebs) da sTxovos cixeSi disciplinis damyareba.630

kanonis Tanaxmad, braldebulis/msjavrdebulis dis-ciplinuri darRvevisTvis gamoyenebuli saxdeli unda iyos Cadenili qmedebis proporciuli, unda ganxorciel-des mxolod disciplinuri samarTalwarmoebis safuZvel-ze da individualuri bralis dadgeniT anu dauSvebelia jgufuri dasjis gamoyeneba.

patimrobis kodeqsis 82-e muxli Tanaxmad, discipli-nuri saxdelis saxeebia: a) gafrTxileba; b) sayveduri; g) muSaobis uflebis SezRudva ara umetes 6 Tvis vadiT; d) nebadarTuli nivTebiT sargeblobis uflebis SezRudva ara umetes 6 Tvis vadiT; e) amanaTisa da gzavnilis miRebis SezRudva ara umetes 6 Tvis vadiT; v) saknis tipis sacxo-vrebel sadgomSi gadayvana 6 Tvemde vadiT; z) samartoo sakanSi moTavseba 20 dRemde vadiT; T) satelefono saubris uflebis SezRudva ara umetes 3 Tvis vadiT; i) piradi xasia-Tis korespondenciis miReba-gagzavnis uflebis SezRudva ara umetes 3 Tvis vadiT; k) patimrobis/Tavisuflebis aR-kveTis dawesebulebis teritoriaze arsebuli maRaziiT sargeblobis uflebis SezRudva ara umetes 3 Tvis vadiT; l) fuladi gzavnilis miReba-gagzavnis uflebis SezRudva ara umetes 3 Tvis vadiT; m) kuTvnili xanmokle paemnis akr-Zalva ara umetes weliwadSi 6-jer.

629 K. Laubenthal, Strafvollzug. Sechste Auflage. Heidelberg 2011. S. 442.630 patimrobis saerTaSoriso standartebi. praqtikuli saxelmZR-vanelo patimrobis saerTaSoriso wesebis efeqturi gamoyenebisaT-vis. Tbilisi 2000. gv. 50.

299

disciplinuri saxdelis saxeebi metad problemuria ramdenime garemoebis gamo:

• g), d), e) da v) saxdelebis moqmedebis vada aris eq-vsi Tve. vfiqrobT eqvsi Tve metad didi periodia da uaryofiTi gavlena SeiZleba moaxdinos msjavr-debulis resocializaciaze. msjavrdebulisTvis muSaobis uflebis SezRudva 6 Tvis vadiT SeiZleba pirdapiri darRveva iyos socialuri saxelmwifos konstituciuri principis, romelic saxelmwifos msjavrdebulis resocializacias avaldebulebs. patimars unda Camouyalibdes damoukidebeli cxo-vrebis unari da survili. msjavrdebulis resocia-lizacia SesaZlebelia sasjelis moxdis pirobebSi anazRaurebadi samuSaos SesrulebiT.631 eqvsi TviT patimris samuSaosgan mowyveta gamoiwvevs, rogorc misi finansuri mdgomareobis gauaresebas, aseve Se-sasrulebel samuSaoze dabrunebis survilis arqo-nas an samuSaos gadaCvevas. mocemuli disciplinuri saxdelebis moqmedebis vadebi unda SeizRudos sam Tvemde.

• metad problemuria satelefono saubris ufle-bis SezRudva ara umetes 3 Tvis vadiT da kuTvnili xanmokle paemnis akrZalva ara umetes weliwadSi 6-jer. rogorc zemoT iqna aRniSnuli msjavrdebu-lis resocializacia aris socialuri saxelmwifos konstituciur principSi Semavali RonisZiebebis erToblioba, romlis mizania msjavrdebulis ga-mosworeba. patimris resocializacia emsaxureba sazogadoebas, romelic dainteresebulia, rom dam-naSavem aRar Caidinos danaSauli.632 resocializa-cia SeuZlebelia sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis gareSe, Sesabamisad, resocializaciis xelis SeS-

631 i. Svabe, germaniis federaluri sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi. Tbilisi 2011. gv. 216.

632 igive, gv. 215.

300

lad unda CaiTvalos iseTi disciplinuri saxde-lebi, romlebic sakmaod zRudaven patimris gare-samyarosTan urTierTobas. magaliTad, daxuruli tipis dawesebulebaSi myofi pirisTvis kuTvnili xanmokle paemnis akrZalva weliwadSi 6-jer gulisx-mobs, rom mas weliwadSi mxolod 6 xanmokle paemani eqneba gansaxorcielebeli, rac pirdapir xels Seu-Slis msjavrdebulis resocializaciis process. aRniSnuli disciplinuri saxdelebi SesaZlebelia ewinaaRmdegebodes saqarTvelos konstituciis me-16 da 36-e muxlebs.

saknis tipis sacxovrebel sadgomSi gadayvana 6 Tvemde vadiT da samartoo sakanSi moTavseba 20 dRemde vadiT ar gamoiyeneba orsuli qalebis, mcirewlovani bavSvebis de-debisa da 65 wels gadacilebuli braldebulis/msjavr-debulis mimarT, xolo arasrulwlovani braldebulis/msjavrdebulis mimarT ar gamoiyeneba samartoo sakanSi moTavseba 20 dRemde vadiT.

patimrobis kodeqsis 82-e muxls aqvs SeniSvna romlis mixedviTac, disciplinuri gadacdomisTvis gaTvaliswi-nebuli SezRudva - piradi xasiaTis korespondenciis mi-Reba-gagzavnis uflebis SezRudva ara umetes 3 Tvis vadiT - ar vrceldeba im korespondenciaze, romlis adresati an adresanti aris saqarTvelos prezidenti, saqarTvelos parlamentis Tavmjdomare, saqarTvelos premier-minis-tri saqarTvelos parlamentis wevri, sasamarTlo, ada-mianis uflebaTa evropis sasamarTlo, saerTaSoriso or-ganizacia, romelic Seqmnilia saqarTvelos parlamentis mier ratificirebuli adamianis uflebaTa dacvis sferos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebis safuZvelze, saqarTvelos saministro, departamenti, saqarTvelos saxalxo damcve-li, damcveli, prokurori.

braldebuls/msjavrdebuls, romelsac bralad edeba disciplinuri darRvevis Cadena, ufleba aqvs a) misTvis ga-

301

sageb enaze ecnobos darRvevis arsi da safuZveli; b) hqon-des sakmarisi dro da saSualeba dacvis mosamzadeblad; g) misi saqme ganxilul iqnas zepiri mosmeniT da isargeblos iuridiuli daxmarebiT, maT Soris, ̀ iuridiuli daxmarebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT, am kodeqsis 82-e muxlis pirveli nawilis ̀ v~ da `z~ qvepunqte-biT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi, Tu amas Tavad moiTxo-vs; d) moiTxovos mowmeTa daswreba disciplinur ganxil-vaze da dakiTxos mowmeebi; e) isargeblos Tarjimnis ufa-so momsaxurebiT, Tu mas ar esmis samarTalwarmoebis ena.

disciplinuri darRvevis saqmes ganixilavs dawese-bulebis direqtori an mis mier uflebamosili piri. 84-e muxlis Tanaxmad, ganxilva xorcieldeba zepiri mosmeniT an zepiri mosmenis gareSe. braldebulis/msjavrdebulis mimarT disciplinuri RonisZiebis gamoyenebisas gaiTva-liswineba braldebulis/ msjavrdebulis pirovneba da misi qceva, agreTve garemoebebi, romlebSic iqna Cadenili disciplinuri darRveva, braldebulis/msjavrdebulis ganmarteba darRvevasTan dakavSirebiT. saqmis ganxilvis Semdeg, mtkicebulebis Sefasebis safuZvelze dawesebule-bis direqtori an mis mier uflebamosili piri iRebs Sesa-bamis gadawyvetilebas. disciplinuri saxdelis dakisreba unda moxdes disciplinuri darRvevis gamovlenis dRidan ara ugvianes 10 dRisa.

disciplinuri darRvevis saqmis ganxilva dawesebu-lebis direqtoris an mis mier uflebamosili piris mier eqceva oportunobis principis qveS.633 dawesebulebis di-reqtori an mis mier uflebamosili piri moqmedebs diskre-ciuli uflebamosilebis farglebSi. igi Tavad wyvets ra SemTxvevaSia gamosayenebeli konkretuli msjavrdebulis mimarT disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis RonisZieba da ra SemTxvevaSia SesaZlebeli uari Tqvas aseT RonisZiebaze. diskreciuli uflebamosilebis ganxorcieleba unda See-

633 K. Laubenthal, Strafvollzug. Sechste Auflage. Heidelberg 2011. S. 451.

302

sabamebodes sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis amocanebs (usafrTxoeba, msjavrdebulis resocializacia).634

disciplinuri RonisZiebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb gankar-guleba unda Seicavdes: a) uflebamosili Tanamdebobis pi-ris gvarsa da saxels; b) Sedgenis TariRs, dros da adgils; g) saregistracio nomers; d) monacemebs darRvevis Camdeni piris Sesaxeb (gvari, saxeli, dabadebis TariRi da sxva); e) darRvevis Cadenis adgils, dros da darRvevis arss, ase-ve misi gamovlenis dros. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu SeuZlebelia disciplinuri darRvevis Cadenis drois gansazRvra, dis-ciplinuri darRvevis Cadenis drod CaiTvleba misi gamo-vlenis dro; v) monacemebs mowmis, dazaralebulis Sesaxeb, maTi arsebobis SemTxvevaSi; z) miTiTebas saqmis gadasawy-vetad saWiro sxva mtkicebulebebze, maTi arsebobis Sem-TxvevaSi.

disciplinuri saxdelis aRsruleba unda daiwyos misi dakisrebidan 1 Tvis vadaSi.

gasaCivreba patimrobis kodeqsis 86-e muxlis Tanaxmad, bralde-

buls/msjavrdebuls ufleba aqvs, disciplinuri Ro-nisZiebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb gankargulebis gadacemidan 10 samuSao dRis vadaSi erTjeradad gaasaCivros sasamarT-loSi mis mimarT gamoyenebuli disciplinuri saxdeli. ga-saCivreba ar aCerebs disciplinuri RonisZiebis gamoyene-bis Sesaxeb gankargulebis aRsrulebas.

saqarTvelos konstituciis 42-e muxlis pirveli pun-qtis Tanaxmad, `yovel adamians ufleba aqvs Tavis ufle-baTa da TavisuflebaTa dasacavad mimarTos sasamarT-los~. administraciuli organos mier gamotanili gadawy-vetilebis gasaCivreba aris saqarTvelos konstituciis 42-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli ufleba, romlis mizania

634 administraciuli organos oportunobis principTan dakavSire-biT ix.: g. TumaniSvili, policiis saqmianobis ZiriTadi principebi. Tsu-s Jurnali `samarTali~. 2009, #1, gv. 44.

303

`uzrunvelyos samarTlebrivi mSvidoba da samarTlebrivi usafrTxoeba~.635

saqarTvelos konstituciis 42-e muxlis meore punqtis mixedviT, ̀ yoveli piri unda gansajos mxolod im sasamarT-lom, romlis iurisdiqciasac eqvemdebareba misi saqme~. sasamarTlo iurisdiqciaSi igulisxmeba, rom erovnuli sasamarTlo iyos kanonis safuZvelze Seqmnili da am saq-mis ganxilvis kompetenciiT aRWurvili (e.w. kanonismieri sasamarTlos ufleba).636

sakiTxavia, samarTlis romeli dargis mosamarTlem unda ganixilos msjavrdebulis mier disciplinuri Ro-nisZiebis gasaCivreba: sisxlis samarTlis Tu administra-ciuli samarTlis sasamarTloSi.

braldebulis/ msjavrdebulis mimarT gamoyenebuli disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisas aucilebelia Semdegi sakiTxebis dacva: 1. dauSvebelia erTi disciplinuri da-rRvevisTvis disciplinuri saxdelis 2-jer dakisreba; 2. disciplinuri saxdeli ar unda iyos braldebulis/msja-vrdebulis damamcirebeli da misi pativisa da Rirsebis Semlaxveli; 3. dauSvebelia disciplinuri pasuxismgeblo-bis dakisreba, Tu disciplinuri darRvevis Cadenidan ga-sulia 1 weli; 4. disciplinursaxdeldaudeblad iTvleba piri, romelic disciplinuri saxdelis moxdidan 6 Tvis ganmavlobaSi kvlav ar Caidens disciplinur darRvevas. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu braldebuls/msjavrdebuls daekisreba am kodeqsis 82-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `v~ da `z~ qvepunq-tebiT gaTvaliswinebuli saxdelebi, igi disciplinursax-deldaudeblad CaiTvleba, Tu disciplinuri saxdelis moxdidan 1 wlis ganmavlobaSi kvlav ar Caidens discipli-nur darRvevas; 5. disciplinuri saxdelis vadamde moxsna SeuZlia dawesebulebis direqtors an mis mier uflebamo-sil pirs, Tu saxdelis mizani miRweulia.

635 m. turava, 42-e muxlis komentari. saqarTvelos konstituciis komentari. meore Tavi. saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba. adamianis ZiriTa-di uflebani da Tavisuflebani. Tbilisi 2013. gv. 517.

636 igive, gv. 527-528.

304

samartoo sakanSi moTavseba `patimrobis kodeqsis~ mixedviT samartoo sakanSi mo-

Tavseba, rogorc disciplinuri saxdeli, gamoiyeneba mxo-lod gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi.

`patimrobis kodeqsi~ mkafiod ar gansazRvravs im we-sebs romlis darRvevis SemTxvevaSic SesaZlebelia samar-toe sakanSi moTavseba. saerTaSoriso midgomebi swored mkafio gansazRvrulobas moiTxoven, roca saubaria samar-too saknis gamoyenebaze.637

samartoo sakanSi moTavsebul braldebuls/msjavr-debuls ekrZaleba paemani, satelefono saubari, kvebis produqtebis SeZena. mas aqvs yoveldRiurad 1-saaTiani ga-seirnebis ufleba. samartoo sakani unda iyos ganaTebuli da ventilaciiT uzrunvelyofili; braldebuls/msjavr-debuls unda hqondes skami da sawoli. mas ufleba aqvs, mo-Txovnis SemTxvevaSi miiRos sakiTxavi masala. dauSvebelia braldebulis/msjavrdebulis moTavseba sruli sensoru-li izolaciis pirobebSi. administracia valdebulia same-dicino personals acnobos samartoo sakanSi piris moTav-sebis Sesaxeb. samartoo sakanSi piri unda iyos samedicino personalis yoveldRiuri, gansakuTrebuli meTvalyu-reobis qveS. aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi samartoo sakanSi yofnis xangrZlivoba SeiZleba Semcirdes eqimis daskvnis safuZvelze.

patimrebTan mopyrobis gaeros minimaluri standar-tuli wesebis Tanaxmad, disciplinuri RonisZieba, rome-lic iTvaliswinebs msjavrdebulis izolirebas, SeiZleba ganxorcieldes eqimis werilobiTi daskvnis Semdeg da misi meTvalyureobis qveS (wesi #32).

evrokavSiris qveynebSi msjavrdebulebis/braldebu-lebis mimarT disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis zomad xSi-rad gamoiyeneba samartoo patimroba. adamianis uflebaTa

637 patimrobis saerTaSoriso standartebi. praqtikuli saxelmZR-vanelo patimrobis saerTaSoriso wesebis efeqturi gamoyenebisaT-vis. Tbilisi 2000. gv. 58.

305

evropuli sasamarTlo am konkretuli RonisZiebis gamo-yenebis mimarT veraviTar problemas ver xedavs. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo samartoo sakanis gamo-yenebis xangrZlivobaSi xedavs konvenciis me-3 muxlis da-rRvevas.638

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo msjavrde-bulis mimarT samartoo saknis gamoyenebas, anu msjavr-debulis srul izolacias ganixilavs sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis usafrTxoebis da izolaciis aucileblo-basa da gamoyenebis xangrZlivobis SefasebiT. magali-Tad, saqmeebSi kroSeri Sveicariis winaaRmdeg da miuleri germaniis winaaRmdeg639 adamianis uflebaTa evropulma komisiam yuradReba gaamaxvila im faqtze, rom izolacia grZeldeboda mxolod erTi Tve da izolacia aucilebe-li iyo sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebisa da wesrigis dasa-cavad.640 erTTvian samartoo sakanSi moTavsebaze sxva da-mokidebuleba aqvs gaeros adamianis uflebaTa komitets. kerZod, saqmeSi larosa urugvais winaaRmdeg (Larrosa vs. Uruguay 88/1981) gaeros adamianis uflebaTa komitetma er-TTviani samartoo patimroba Zalian xangrZlivad CaTvala da Seafasa patimris Rirsebis Semlaxavad.641

638 s. papuaSvili, TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebis ufleba piradi cx-ovrebis xelSeuxeblobaze adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenci-is mixedviT. k. korkelia (red.) adamianis uflebaTa evropuli stan-dartebi da maTi gavlena saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaze. Tbilisi 2006. gv. 246.

639 terorizmSi eWvmitanili es ori piri ganTavsdnen samartoo sakanSi. maT garSemo saknebi dacarielda ise, rom maT ar qondaT arc erTmaneTTan da arc sxva msjavrdebulebTan urTierTobis Sesa-Zlebloba, xolo aekrZalaT televizoriT da Jurnal -gazeTebiT sargebloba da erTi Tvis manZilze ar qondaT advokatTan Sexvedris ufleba. s. papuaSvili, TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebis ufleba pi-radi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobaze adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis mixedviT. k. korkelia (red.) adamianis uflebaTa evro-puli standartebi da maTi gavlena saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaze. Tbilisi 2006. gv. 246.

640 iqve.

641 patimrobis saerTaSoriso standartebi. praqtikuli saxelmZR-vanelo patimrobis saerTaSoriso wesebis efeqturi gamoyenebisaT-

306

8.2.2 arsebuli mdgomareobis analizi

saxalxo damcvelis 2012 wlis saparlamento moxsene-baSi naTqvamia, `specialuri prevenciuli jgufi gansaku-Trebul yuradRebas uTmobs dawesebulebebis samartoo saknebSi arsebul mdgomareobas, esaubreba monitoringis momentisTvis iq ganTavsebul yvela msjavrdebuls, amow-mebs maTi ganTavsebis procedurebs rogorc gasaubrebis gziT, aseve dokumentaciiT~.642

saxalxo damcvelis 2012 wlis moxsenebidan irkveva, rom patimrebi eqimis gamosaZaxeblad xSirad mimarTaven saknis rkinis karze braxuns, rac iwvevs xmaurs. cixis administra-ciis mier aRniSnuli qmedeba isjeba disciplinuri wesiT.643

samartoo sakanTan dakavSirebiT CPT-m saqarTvelos xelisuflebas misca rekomendacia, ,,gaataros zomebi, rom patimris disciplinur sakanSi moTavseba ar akargvinebdes mas ojaxTan kontaqtis saSualebas. nebismieri akrZalva ojaxTan kontaqtisa, rogorc sasjelis forma, unda daiS-vebodes mxolod maSin, roca amgvar kontaqtebs danaSauli ukavSirdeba~644 saxalxo damcvelis 2012 wlis saparlamen-to moxsenebaSi moyvanilia disciplinuri saxdelebis sta-tistikuri monacemebi. am monacemebis Tanaxmad, 2012 wlis 1 ianvridan 30 ivnisis CaTvliT samartoo sakanSi moTavse-buli iqna 1709 patimari, aqedan samartoo sakanSi moTavse-ba – gaasaCivra erTma patimarma. 2012 wlis 01 ivlisidan 31 dekembris CaTvliT samartoo sakanSi moTavsebuli iqna 921 patimari – gaasaCivra erTma patimarma.645

mocemuli statistikidan sainteresoa samartoo sakan-Si moTavsebis gasaCivrebis aseTi Zalian dabali maCvene-

vis. Tbilisi 2000. gv. 56.

642 saxalxo damcvelis 2012 wlis angariSi. gv. 66.

643 igive, gv. 67.

644 iqve.

645 igive, gv. 64.

307

beli. am mxriv sainteresoa naswavli dauxmareblobis anu daswavlili umweobis Teoria.646

samartoo sakanSi moTavsebas SeuZlia Zalian mavne ga-vlena moaxdinos msjavrdebulis fsiqikur da fsiqolo-giur mdgomareobaze. amitom cixis administracia valde-bulia rac SeiZleba iSviaTad da ra Tqma unda araviTar SemTxvevaSi ganmeorebiT ar gamoiyenos msjavrdebulis mimarT.647

saxalxo damcveli 2012 wlis angariSSi miuTiTebs dis-ciplinuri wesiT msjavrdebulTa koleqtiur dasjas usa-frTxoebis zomebis mizeziT.648 SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aRniS-nuliT moxda patimrobis kodeqsSi gamoxatuli sasjelis individualizaciis principis darRveva, vinaidan kanonis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi disciplinuri saxdelis gamoyeneba moxda ara individualurad da aramed koleqtiurad.

saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis 2013 wlis angariSis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaci-is saministrodan miRebuli informaciis Tanaxmad, sasje-laRsrulebis dawesebulebebSi 2013 wlis 1 ianvridan 31 dekembris CaTvliT, sxvadasxva disciplinuri darRvevis-Tvis patimrebis mimarT 1 408 SemTxvevaSi iqna gamoyenebu-li disciplinuri saxdeli. aqedan 532 patimars Seefarda samartoo sakanSi moTavseba: sasjelaRsrulebis #2 dawe-sebulebaSi - 43 SemTxveva; #8 dawesebulebaSi - 306 Sem-Txveva; #15 dawesebulebaSi - 66 SemTxveva. saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis saministros sasjelaR-

646 daswavlili umweobis Teoriis Tanaxmad, adamianebi warsuli, ganvlili cxovrebidan swavloben, rom rac ar unda moimoqmedon uaryofiT Sedegs ver aicileben Tavidan. vrclad Teoriis Sesaxeb ixileT: m. SalikaSvili, viqtimologia - mecniereba danaSaulis msx-verplis Sesaxeb. Tbilisi 2011. gv. 51.


648 saxalxo damcvelis 2012 wlis angariSi. gv. 65- 66.

308

srulebis departamentidan mopovebuli informaciis Ta-naxmad, 2013 wels administraciuli patimroba gamoyenebu-li iyo erTi patimris mimarT.

2013 wels disciplinuri saxdelis dakisrebis Sesaxeb gankarguleba gaasaCivra oTxma. aRsaniSnavia aseve, rom patimrebi disciplinuri saxdelis dakisrebis Sesaxeb br-Zanebis gasaCivrebisgan Tavs ikaveben im mizeziT, rom maTi ganmartebiT azri ar aqvs gasaCivrebas. sasjelaRsrulebis sistemaSi arsebobs disciplinuri saxdelebis araerTgva-rovani praqtika, ramac SesaZloa gamoiwvios patimarTa protesti 649.

8.3 msjavrdebulis administraciuli pasuxismgebloba

patimrobis kodeqsis me-15 Tavi aregulierebs msjavr-debulis administraciuli patimrobas. patimrobis kode-qsis 90-e muxlis mixedviT, Tu msjavrdebulma discipli-nuri saxdelis moqmedebis vadaSi ganmeorebiT Caidina am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli disciplinuri darRveva, mas SesaZlebelia daekisros administraciuli patimroba ara umetes 60 dRe-Ramis vadiT, xolo erTi wlis ganmavloba-Si Sefardebuli administraciuli patimrobebis saerTo vada ar unda aRematebodes 90 dRe-Rames.

administraciuli patimroba ar SeefardebaT orsul qalebsa da arasrulwlovan msjavrdebulebs.

administraciuli patimrobis Sefardebis Sesaxeb gankargulebis gamocemis uflebamosileba aqvs dawesebu-lebis direqtors an mis mier uflebamosil pirs.

administraciuli patimrobis Sefardebis Sesaxeb gankargulebis gamocemisas msjavrdebuls ganemarteba ufleba – gaecnos gankargulebas, misces axsna-ganmarteba, waradginos mtkicebulebebi, ganacxados Suamdgomloba,

649 saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis 2013 wlis saparlamento an-gariSi gv. 33-34.

309

gamovides mSobliur enaze da isargeblos Tarjimnis an/da advokatis (damcvelis) momsaxurebiT, gaasaCivros gankar-guleba administraciuli patimrobis Sefardebis Sesaxeb. aRniSnuli ganmartebis Taobaze aRiniSneba administra-ciuli patimrobis Sefardebis Sesaxeb gankargulebaSi.

administraciuli patimrobis Sefardebis Sesaxeb gankargulebis 1 asli gamocemisTanave gadaecema msjavr-debuls. administraciuli patimrobis Sefardebis Sesaxeb gankarguleba gamocemidan 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi wared-gineba uflebamosil sasamarTlos dawesebulebis adgil-mdebareobis mixedviT. mtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba gankar-gulebis gamomcem Tanamdebobis pirs.

mosamarTle administraciuli patimrobis Sefardebis Sesaxeb gankargulebas ganixilavs erTpirovnulad, Ria sasamarTlo sxdomaze, misi wardgenidan 48 saaTis ganma-vlobaSi. saqmis ganxilvis Semdeg dasabuTebuli gadawyve-tileba dauyovnebliv unda iqnas gamotanili. dauSvebelia dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis sxva droisa-Tvis gadadeba. sasamarTloSi saqme ganixileba saqarTve-los administraciuli saproceso kodeqsiT gaTvaliswi-nebuli wesiT.

sasamarTloSi saqme ganixileba Tanasworobisa da Se-jibrebiTobis safuZvelze. msjavrdebuli sargeblobs saqarTvelos administraciuli saproceso kodeqsiT ga-rantirebuli yvela uflebiT. mas sruli Tanasworobis safuZvelze ufleba aqvs, waradginos mtkicebulebebi, monawileoba miiRos maT gamokvlevaSi, moiwvios mowmee-bi, misces axsna-ganmarteba, ganacxados Suamdgomloba da acileba, gamoTqvas sakuTari azri saqmesTan dakavSire-bul nebismier sakiTxze. sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas msjavrdebuls ufleba aqvs, gamovides mSobliur enaze da isargeblos Tarjimnis an/da advokatis (damcvelis) mom-saxurebiT. Tu msjavrdebuls ara aqvs advokatis (damcve-lis) ayvanis SesaZlebloba, sasamarTlo valdebulia dau-

310

niSnos mas advokati (damcveli) saxelmwifos xarjze. pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba (gan-

Cineba) saapelacio sasamarTloSi SeiZleba gaasaCivron mxareebma an maTma warmomadgenlebma maTTvis saqarTve-los samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) Cabarebidan 7 dRis vadaSi. Semosul saCivars sasamarTlo dauyovnebliv ug-zavnis saapelacio sasamarTlos da mowinaaRmdege mxares. saapelacio sasamarTlo saapelacio saCivars ganixilavs kolegiurad – 3 mosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT, Ria sasa-marTlo sxdomaze. saapelacio sasamarTlo saqmes ganixi-lavs da gadawyvetileba (ganCineba) gamoaqvs pirveli ins-tanciis sasamarTlosTvis am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT da dadgenil vadebSi.

saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba (ganCineba) sabolooa da ar saCivrdeba.

saxalxo damcvelis 2012 wlis moxsenebis Tanaxmad, 2012 wlis 1 ianvridan 31 dekembris CaTvliT, administraciu-li patimroba Seefarda 13 patimars, aqedan mxolod erTi patimris mier iqna gasaCivrebuli. 2013 wels mxolod erT msjavrdebuls Seefarda administraciuli patimroba.650

daskvnis saxiT unda aRiniSnos, rom kanonismieri gan-sazRvrulobis valdebuleba, romelic samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos pirncipis erT-erTi elementia, aucileblad unda iqnas gaTvaliswinebuli disciplinuri da adminis-traciuli valdebulebis dakisrebis dros. kerZod, dis-ciplinuri da administraciuli dasjadobis winapiro-bebi msjavrdebulisTvis TviTon kanonidan gamomdinare unda iyos naTeli da ara misi ganmartebebisa Tu sxvagvari dakonkretebis meSveobiT.651 kanonismieri gansazRvrulo-bis principis arsi aris is, rom msjavrdebuls sakuTari

650 saxalxo damcvelis 2012 da 2013 wlis angariSi. gv. 64.32.


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pasuxismgeblobiT SeeZlos Tavisi qmedebis ise warmarTva, rom ar hqondes saxelmwifos mxridan moulodneli reagi-rebis SiSi.652

652 iqve.

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mecxre Tavi

gansakuTrebuli kategoriis patimrebi (miusjeli patimrebi, religiuri umciresobebi,

SSm patimrebi, ucxoeli patimrebi)

msjavrdebulTa gansakuTrebuli kategoriebi mniSvne-lovan mowyvlad jgufs warmoadgens sasjelaRsrulebis sistemis dawesebulebebSi maTi yofnis SemTxvevaSi, ra-dganac gansakuTrebuli kategoriebi Tavisi specifiu-robiT da gansakuTrebuli saWiroebebis gavaliswinebiT maRali riskis matarebeli arian, uflebebis darRvevis TvalsazrisiT. saerTaSoriso standartebi da Sesabami-sad erovnuli kanonmdebloba ganixilavs sxvadasxva gan-sakuTrebul kategoriebs, maT Soris: ucxoeli patimrebi, SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone, sulierad daavadebuli da fsiqikuri darRvevebis mqone patimrebi, miusjeli pa-timrebi da religiuri umciresobebi, romlebic ganxilu-lia saxelmZRvanelos mecxre TavSi.

9.1 ucxoeli patimrebi

ucxoeli patimrebi, mowyvlad jgufs SeiZleba mivaku-TvnoT sxvadasxva garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, magali-Tad maT enis ar codnis gamo xSir SemTxvevaSi uWirT an saerTod ver axerxeben komunikacias personalTan da sxva patimrebTan, visTan erTadac imyofebian sakanSi, aseve maT problema aqvT an/da umetes SemTxvevaSi ver sargebloben ojaxis wevrebTan Sexvedris uflebiT, radganac terito-riulad moSorebuli arian ojaxs da ojaxis wevrebi ver axerxeben ganaxorcielon viziti cixeebSi, sadac isini im-yofebian.

“patimrebis SemTxvevaSi. ucxoeTis moqalaqe patimrebs, gansakuTrebiT, romlebic winaswar patimrobaSi imyofe-bian, unda mieceT yvela gonivruli saSualeba maTi saxel-mwifos warmomadgenlebTan dakavSirebisa da Sexvedris-

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Tvis. Tu isini arian ltolvilebi da imyofebian mTavroba-TaSorisi organizaciis dacvis qveS, maSin maT ufleba aqvT daukavSirdnen da Sexvdnen kompetenturi saerTaSoriso organizaciis warmomadgenlebs. unda gvaxsovdes, rom ase-Ti kontaqti SeiZleba moxdes mxolod dakavebulis Tanx-mobiT. SeiZleba adgili hqondes SemTxvevebs, rodesac ucxoeTis moqalaqe patimrebs esaWiroebaT im saxelmwifo-Si gaZevebis an repatriaciisgan dacva, romelSic, arseb-obs safuZveli varaudisTvis, rom isini daeqvemdebarebian wamebas an arasaTanado mopyrobas.653” ganmartavs endrou koili wignSi “penitenciuri sistemis marTva adamianis uflebaTa poziciidan.”

saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba ucxoel patimrebTan mi-marTebaSi ganixilavs or ZiriTad midgomas, pirveli ro-melic ganmartavs, rom patimrobis kodeqsi vrceldeba, rogorc saqarTvelos moqalaqeebze, aseve ucxo qveynis moqalaqeebsa da moqalaqeobis ar mqone pirebze. “patimro-bisa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis aRsrulebis Sesaxeb saqar-Tvelos kanonmdebloba gamoiyeneba, rogorc saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa, ise ucxo qveynis moqalaqeTa da moqalaqeobis ar mqone pirTa mimarT, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiTa da saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebiT dadgenili wesiT654.”

meore SemTxvevaSi ucxoel patimrebTan midgomas vxv-debiT patimris uflebebis nawilSi, magaliTad rogori-caa Sexvedris ufleba655, romelic ZiriTadad ganixilavs sakonsulos an saelCos warmomadgenlebTan Sexvedras. “braldebuls/ msjavrdebuls ufleba aqvs: saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT uzrunvelyofili 653 e. koili, penitenciuri sistemis marTva adamianis uflebaTa poziciidan – saxelmZRvanelo penitenciuri sistemis TanamS-romelTaTvis, Tbilisi, 2007, gv 43

654 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 4. patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis aRsrulebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis moq-medeba sivrceSi da pirTa wris mixedviT.655 muxli 14. braldebulisa da msjavrdebulis uflebebi, muxli 17. paemnis ufleba

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iyos: axlo naTesavebTan SexvedriT (paemniT), damcvel-Tan, sakonsulos da sxva diplomatiur warmomadgenleb-Tan (ucxo qveynis moqalaqeebisTvis) SexvedriT; bralde-buls/msjavrdebuls, romelic ucxo qveynis moqalaqea, ufleba aqvs, SeuzRudavad Sexvdes Tavisi qveynis sakon-sulos warmomadgenels an im qveynis uflebamosil diplo-matiur warmomadgenels, romelic saqarTveloSi iTavsebs misi qveynis interesebis dacvas. ucxo qveynis moqalaqe da moqalaqeobis armqone braldebulebs/msjavrdebulebs ufleba aqvT, hqondeT urTierTobebi TavianTi qveyne-bis diplomatiur dawesebulebebTan da sakonsuloebTan. im saxelmwifoTa moqalaqeebs, romlebsac saqarTveloSi diplomatiuri dawesebulebebi da sakonsuloebi ar gaaC-niaT, ufleba aqvT, hqondeT urTierTobebi im saxelmwifo-Ta diplomatiur dawesebulebebTan da sakonsuloebTan, romlebmac sakuTar Tavze aiRes maTi interesebis dacva, an saxelmwifoTaSoris organoebTan, romlebic am pirTa interesebs icaven.656”

garda erovnuli kanonmdeblobisa saerTaSoriso stan-dartebi mniSvnelovan yuradRebas uTmobs ucxoeli pa-timrebis mdgomareobas cixeSi, am SemTxvevaSi erT-erT umniSvnelovanes dokuments warmoadgens evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia657 ucxoeli patimrebis Sesaxeb, sadac ganxilulia ucxoeli patimrebis uflebebi-sa da interesebis pativiscema, maTi gansakuTrebuli saWi-roebebi da personali, romelic unda iyos specialurad momzadebuli ucxoel patimrebTan samuSaod, aseve sxva sakiTxebi, romlebic mxedvelobaSi unda iqnas miRebuli ucxoel patimrebTan muSaobis dros. “ucxoel patimrebs unda epyrobodnen adamianis uflebebis pativiscemis dac-viT da maTi konkretuli mdgomareobisa da individualu-

656 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 14. p. 1. msjavrdebuls uflebebi; 17. p. 13.

657 ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia (2012)12 wevri saxelmwifoe-bisadmi ucxoeli patimrebis Sesaxeb

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ri saWiroebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. pozitiuri zomebi unda iqnas miRebuli diskriminaciis Tavidan acilebisa da spe-cifikuri problemebis mogvarebis mizniT, romlebic Se-saZloa ucxoel pirebs hqondeT sazogadoebrivi sasje-lebis an zomebis Sefardebisas, cixeSi, saxelmwifosTvis gadacemis dros da gaTavisuflebis Semdeg. ucxoel pa-timrebs, moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi, unda hqondeT Sesabamisi xelmisawvdomoba Targmanze da TargmnisTvis gankuTvnil saSualebebze da SesaZlebloba, iswavlon is ena, romelic maT ufro efeqtiani komunikaciis saSualebas miscems. cixis reJimi unda akmayofilebdes ucxoeli patimrebis gansakuTrebul socialur saWiroebebs, amzadebdes maT gaTavisuflebisa da socialuri reintegraciisTvis. sak-marisi resursebi unda iqnas gamoyofili konkretuli si-tuaciisa da ucxoeli patimrebis gansakuTrebuli saWi-roebebis efeqtianad uzrunvelyofis mizniT. saTanado treningi ucxoel braldebulebsa da msjavrdebulebTan urTierTobebis kuTxiT unda iyos uzrunvelyofili Se-sabamisi xelisuflebis organoebisTvis, uwyebebisTvis, profesionalebisa da asociaciebisTvis, romlebsac regu-laruli kontaqti aqvT aseT pirebTan.”

evropis sabWos rezolucia mniSvnelovan yuradRebas uTmobs ucxoeli patimrebis mimarT sasjelis gamoyenebis process, radganac alternatiuli sasjelis gamoyeneba ucxoelebis mimarT unda iyos prioriteti, iseve rogorc amave qveynis moqalaqis mimarT da aseve rezolucia adgens ucxoeli patimrebis mimarT sasjelis moxdisgan vadam-de adre gaTavisuflebis institutis gamoyenebis valde-bulebas, aRniSnuli sakiTxebis ganxilvisas ar unda iyos daSvebuli diskriminaciuli midgomebi mxolod im safuZ-vliT, rom patimari ucxoelia. “ucxoel braldebulebsa da msjavrdebulebs unda hqondeT ufleba, rom maT mimarT ganxiluli iqnas iseTive arasapatimro sasjelebi da zo-mebi, rogoric sxva braldebulebisa da msjavrdebulebis

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mimarT; maT ar unda eTqvaT uari ganxilvaze TavianTi sta-tusis gamo. ucxoeli braldebulebi da msjavrdebule-bi ar unda imyofebodnen patimrobaSi an ar unda Seefar-doT sapatimro sasjelebi TavianTi statusis gamo, aramed mxolod maSin, sxva braldebulebisa da msjavrdebulebis msgavsad, rodesac mkacr aucileblobas warmoadgens, uki-duresi zomis saxiT. ucxoel msjavrdebulebs, romlebsac SeefardaT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, unda hqondeT pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis sruli ganxilvis ufleba.”

aseve mniSvnelovania evropis sabWos rekomendacia ucxoeli patimris eqstradaciasTan dakavSirebiT, sadac is ganmartavs, rom aseTi gadawyvetileba unda iyos orien-tirebuli adamianis uflebebis dacvaze “ucxoel patimar-Ta im saxelmwifosTvis gadacemis Sesaxeb gadawyvetileba, romelTanac mas aqvs kavSiri, miRebuli unda iyos adamia-nis uflebaTa pativiscemis safuZvelze, marTlmsajule-bis interesebisa da aRniSnuli patimrebis socialuri re-integraciis saWiroebis gaTvaliswinebiT.”

ucxoel patimrebTan muSaobas da maTTan mopyrobis Taviseburebebs mniSvnelovan yuradRebas uTmobs evro-pis cixis wesebi 37.1-37.5, sadac saubaria maT kontaqtze gare samyarosTan, maT informirebulobasa da gansakuTre-bul saWiroebebze, “ucxo qveynis moqalaqe patimrebs dau-yovnebliv unda ecnoboT, rom aqvT ufleba, moiTxovon kontaqti da saTanado saSualebebi TavianTi saxelmwifos diplomatiur an sakonsulo warmomadgenlebTan. patimre-bi, romlebic arian im qveynis moqalaqeebi, romelsac ar gaaCnia aRniSnul saxelmwifoSi diplomatiuri an sakon-sulo warmomadgenloba, arian devnilebi an moqalaqeo-bis armqone pirebi, unda iqnan uzrunvelyofili msgavsi sakomunikacio saSualebiT im saxelmwifos diplomatiur warmomadgenlobasTan dasakavSireblad, romelic icavs maT interesebs, erovnul an saerTaSoriso xelmZRvane-lobasTan, romlis amocanaa aseTi kategoriis pirebis in-

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teresebis dacva. cixeSi myofi ucxoeli moqalaqeebis in-teresebidan gamomdinare, romelTac SeiZleba gaaCndeT gansakuTrebuli saWiroebebi, cixis administraciam saTa-nadod unda iTanamSromlos am patimarTa diplomatiur an sakonsulo warmomadgenlebTan. iuridiul daxmarebasTan dakavSirebiT konkretuli informacia unda miewodos pa-timrebs, romlebic ucxo qveynis moqalaqeebi arian. pa-timrebs, romlebic ucxo qveynis moqalaqeebi arian, unda ecnoboT imis Sesaxeb, rom maT aqvT TavianTi sasjelebis sxva qveyanaSi aRsrulebis moTxovnis SesaZlebloba.” igi-ve midgomebiT ganixilavs gaeros patimrebTan mopyrobis minimaluris standarebi ucxoel patimrebTan midgomebs, romelic rogorc evropuli cixis wesebi yuradRebas uTmobs diplomatiur warmomadgenlebTan urTierTobas “ucxoel patimrebs unda SeeqmnaT pirobebi maTi qveynis diplomatiur an sakonsulo warmomadgenlebTan urTier-TobisTvis658”, sxva gansakuTrebul midgomas minimalur we-sebSi ar vxvdebiT.

saerTSoriso praqtikis ganxilvisas irlandiis ka-nonmdeblobaSi vxvdebiT calke Tavebs ucxoelebi da ucxoelebTan viziti659, sadac ganmartebulia, rom ucxoel patimrebi unda iyvnen aRWurvili yvela saSualebiT, rom daukavSirdnen da Sexvdnen Tavisi qveynis diplomatiur warmomadgenlobas, aseve adgili eTmoba maT informire-bulobas, Tumca aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom gansakuTrebuli aqcenti keTdeba ltolvilebze da TavSesafris maZiebel pirebze.

saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebSi mocemuli periodisTvis imyofeba 100-ze meti ucxoeli patimari, romelTagan arian sxvadasxva qveynis warmoma-

658 gaeros patimrebTan mopyrobis minimaluris standartuli wese-bi, wesi 38

659 Statutory instruments, S.I. No. 252 of 2007, Prison Rules, 2007. Published by the stationery office Dublin To be purchased directly from the Governement Publications Office, Foreign nationals, Visit to foreign national

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dgenlebi, magaliTad ruseTi, ukraina, somxeTi, azerbai-jani, irani, CineTi da sxv. sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso adgi-lobrivi organizaciebis mier momzadebulia sasaubroebi, romelic maT aZlevT komunikaciis saSualebas elementa-rul doneze, Tumca mniSvnelovania problemebi, romelic daregulirebas saWiroebs, es aris Tarjimnis samsaxuris adgilze ar qona, enis Semswavleli kursebis ar arseboba da sxva is mniSvnelovani faqtorebi, romlebic sistemaSi ucxoeli patimris adekvaturi pirobebis uzrunvelyofis xelSemSlel faqtors warmoadgens.

9.2 miusjeli patimrebi

gansakuTrebul kategoriebSi ganixileba miusjeli pa-timrebi, romlebic sasamarTlos ganaCeniT jer ar arian cnobili damnaSaved da amdenad maTTan mopyroba saqar-Tvelos konstituciis Tanaxmad unda moxdes, rogorc udanaSaulo piris mimarT “adamiani udanaSaulod iTvle-ba, vidre misi damnaSaveoba ar damtkicdeba kanoniT dadge-nili wesiT da kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli ganaCeniT660”, Tumca miuxedavad aRniSnulisa es adamianebi imyofebian Tavisu-flebis aRkveTis adgilebSi da amdenad maT SezRuduli aqvT yvela is ufleba, romlis SezRudva dakavSirebulia patimrobasTan.

endrou koili wignSi “penitenciuri sistemis marTva adamianis uflebaTa poziciidan” farTod ganmartavs miusjel patimrebTan mopyrobis Taviseburebebs, rogorc srulwlovnebTan aseve arasruwlovnebTan mimarTebaSi, da ganixilavs sxvadasxva qveynis magaliTebs, “arsebobs qveynebi, sadac dakavebuli pirebis didi nawilisTvis, xSirad umravlesobisTvisac ki, gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni jer ar gamoutaniaT. zogis saqme SesaZlebelia jer kidev gamoZiebaSia, ar aris dadgenili, iqneba Tu ara sasamarT-lo an, ubralod, elodeba sasamarTlo process. winaswari

660 saqarTvelos konstitucia, muxli 40

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patimrobis dawesebulebebis marTvisas, mniSvnelovania, rom TavisuflebaSezRuduli pirebi iTvlebodnen udana-Saulod manamde, sanam sapirispiros ar daadgens sasamarT-lo. msjavrdebuli patimrebisgan gansxvavebiT, maTi Tavi-suflebis SezRudva ar warmoadgens sasjels, radganac ar aris dadgenili, arian Tu ara es ukanasknelni damnaSaveebi. cixis administraciam unda uzrunvelyos, rom am pirebi-sadmi mopyroba Seesabamebodes da asaxavdes maT statuss. dakavebul pirTa didi raodenoba sasamarTloSi umeteswi-lad gamamarTlebel gadawyvetilebas iRebs, riTac kidev erTxel dasturdeba imis aucilebloba, rom winaswari dakavebisas, isini aucileblad udanaSaulod unda iyvnen aRiarebulni.

xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac SemdgomSi braldebulad cnobili patimrebi imaze didxans atareben winaswari daka-vebis saknebSi, vidre sasamarTlo Semdeg daadgens xolme. aRniSnuli, rogorc wesi, neli samarTalwarmoebis bra-lia. msgavsi faqtebi, patimrebSi aRZravs ukmayofilebis grZnobas, rac Semdeg aisaxeba kidec maT saqcielze. cixis administrirebisas, mocemuli faqtori aucileblad unda iqnas gaTvaliswinebuli. saxelmwifoSi sasamarTlo war-moebis neli tempi pirdapir aisaxeba winaswar gamoZieba-Si myofi patimrebis gadaWarbebul raodenobasa da cixis gadatvirTvaze. erT-erTi mizezi patimarTa siRaribec gaxlavT, radganac maT ar ZaluZT giraos gadaxda. mso-flioSi, calkeul regionebSi, cixeSi myof pirTa naxevar-ze mets swored winaswar gamoZiebaSi myofi patimrebi war-moadgenen. magaliTad hondurasSi, burundiSi, mozambiksa da indoeTSi maTi raodenoba 70%-s aWarbebs. dauSvebelia winaswar patimrobaSi myofi pirebis imgvar pirobebSi Caye-neba, rom isini aiZulo, iTanamSromlon gamoZiebasTan an, Tundac, aRiaron brali. gamoZiebis organosa Tu proku-raturis warmomadgenels ar unda SeeZlos moaxdinos ze-gavlena cixis administraciaze da miuTiTos, Tu rogor

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moeqcnen winaswar patimrobaSi myof ama Tu im patimars. `indoeTSi, erT an or TveSi erTxel xdeba uzenaesi magis-trebis cixeSi gagzavna. mocemuli aqtivoba warmoadgens ~xalxis sasamarTlos” programis erT-erT komponents. amgvari programis, saxelad ~lok adalat” magaliTia ma-gistris gagzavna rajahmundris centralur cixeSi, sadac magistrma SeZlo dReSi 23 saqmis ganxilva, rasac, Cveule-brivi proceduris mixedviT, sakmaod didi dro dasWirde-boda”.

winaswar patimrobaSi myofi pirebi udanaSaulod iTvlebian da, Sesabamisad, ar unda emorCilebodnen igive wesebsa da kanonebs, rac gansazRvrulia msjavrdebulebi-sadmi. am saxelmZRvanelos mesame Tavi exeba cixeSi miRebis pirobebs. es ukanaskneli gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, radganac patimrobis pirveli wuTebi, umetesi dakavebuli pirisTvis winaswari patimrobiT iwyeba. maTTvis cixeSi yo-fnis pirveli dReebi gansakuTrebiT rTuli iqneba. amito-mac, yovelive zemoT aRniSnuli aucileblad unda gaiTva-liswinos cixis administraciam.

“cixeebi, zogadad, imarTeba dawesebulebis xelmZRva-nelobisTvis yvelaze xelsayreli meTodebiT. amis Sedegad SesaZlebelia, rom yvela dakavebuli pirisadmi mopyroba identuri iyos, iqneba igi qali Tu mamakaci, zrdasruli Tu arasrulwlovani, msjavrdebuli Tu eWvmitanili. miuxe-davad imisa, rom dawesebulebisTvis amgvari midgoma ufro iolia, igi ar emsaxureba samarTlianobis interesebs. wi-naswar patimrobaSi myofi pirebi ar arian dadasturebuli damnaSaveebi da maT ar unda moeqcnen msjavrdebulebis msgavsad. sasamarTlo xelisuflebam moiTxova maTi Tavi-suflebis SezRudva da ar dauwesebia maTTvis damatebiTi sasjeli. winaswar patimrobaSi myofi pirebi unda iyvnen msjavrdebulebisgan gancalkevebulni. mraval qveyanaSi aseTi gancalkevebis uSualo Sedegi aris is, rom winaswar patimrobaSi myofi pirebi mravalgzis uares pirobebSi aR-

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moCndebian, vidre msjavrdebulebi. cixe gadatvirTulia, sacxovreblad Zalian cudi pirobebia da naklebia Sexeba cixis sxva saSualebebTan. saWiroa, rom msgavsi Sedegebi Tavidan aviciloT. is faqti, rom aRniSnuli pirebi udana-Saulod iTvlebian, unda iyos garanti imisa, rom maTi sa-cxovrebeli pirobebi ukeTesi Tu ara, tolfasi mainc iqne-ba msjavrdebulTa pirobebisa. winaswar patimrobaSi myo-fi pirebis Sesaxeb wesebi unda moicavdes iseT praqtikul sakiTxebs, rogoricaa, magaliTad, rodis SeiZleba Caicvan maTi sakuTari tansacmeli, xelmisawvdomoba sakvebze, wig-nebsa da sxva masalebze, aseve, vizitebze. dauSvebelia, maT movTxovoT muSaoba, magram, survilis SemTxvevaSi, amis saSualeba unda arsebobdes. “

mniSvnelovania endrou koilis ganmarteba cixis dacu-lobasTan da riskis SefasebasTan dakavSirebiT, sadac igi aRniSnavs, rom yvela patimari, msjavrdebuli Tu eWvmita-nili, unda ganTavsdes Sesabamisad dacul cixeSi. xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac msjavrdebuli patimrebi ganTavse-bulni arian sxvadasxva reJimis cixeebSi, xolo winaswar patimrobaSi myofebi ki, yovelTvis mkacri reJimis cixeeb-Si xvdebian. aRniSnuli midgoma gaumarTlebelia. winaswar patimrobaSi myofi patimrebic unda daeqvemdebaron maT-gan gamomdinare riskis Sefasebas. gaumarTlebelia, nakle-bad da gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulis CadenaSi eWvmita-nili pirebi erTnair reJimSi iyvnen ganTavsebulni.

aRsaniSnavia saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis midgoma miusjel patimrebTan mimarTebaSi, sadac saqarTvelos pa-timrobis kodeqsi661 calke Tavs uTmobs patimrobis aRsru-lebis wesisa da pirobebis ganmartebas, sadac ganxilulia, rogorc patimrobis aRsrulebis adgili, aseve yofnis pi-robebi, Sexvedrebis organizeba dawesebulebidan gayvani-sa da Semoyvanis standartebi da sxva is specifiuri Teme-bi, romelic dakavSirebulia miusjeli piris patimrobis

661 patimrobis kodeqsi, Tavi XIII patimrobis aRsrulebis wesi

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procedurebTan, kanonmdebloba ganmartavs dawesebule-bis tips, sadac unda ganTavsdes nebismieri miusjeli pa-timari - pirs, romelsac saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT aRkveTis RonisZie-bis saxiT Seefarda patimroba, aTavseben patimrobis dawe-sebulebaSi.

saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba aseve ganmartavs Tu ra ti-pis saknebSi unda iyvnen ganTavsebuli miusjeli patimrebi, erTi patimrisTvis gansazRvrul farTobs, sakanSi moTav-sebis Taviseburebas da sxva mniSvnelovan komponentebs “patimrobis dawesebulebaSi myofi piri Tavsdeba sakanSi. 1 braldebulze sacxovrebeli farTobis norma patimro-bis dawesebulebaSi ar unda iyos 2,5 kv. metrze naklebi. erTsa da imave sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze braldebulebs administracia saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi an gamomZieblis, prokuroris, sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze cal-calke aTavsebs. administracia vizualuri da ele-qtronuli saSualebebiT axorcielebs braldebulze me-Tvalyureobas662.

kanonmdebloba aseve ganmartavs miusjeli piris sapa-timro dawesebulebaSi miRebis safuZvlebs da procedu-rebs “braldebulis patimrobis dawesebulebaSi miRebisas aucilebelia misi fotografireba da daqtiloskopireba. fotosuraTebi da maTi negativebi, agreTve daqtilos-kopiuri baraTi, sityvieri portreti baraTis mixedviT inaxeba braldebulis pirad saqmeSi. braldebulis daqti-loskopiur baraTs administracia ugzavnis sasamarTlo eqspertizis erovnuli biuros centralur an Sesabamis teritoriul samsaxurs an ganyofilebas daqtiloskopi-rebis Catarebidan 7 dRis vadaSi. patimrobis dawesebule-baSi miRebisas braldebuli da misi piradi nivTebi sagul-dagulod mowmdeba, ris Sesaxebac dgeba Sesabamisi aqti.

662 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 74. 1. patimrobis dawesebulebis san-itariul-higienuri pirobebi unda Seesabamebodes saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenil normebs. p 2-5

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braldebulis Semowmebas axorcielebs patimrobis dawe-sebulebis imave sqesis TanamSromeli. patimrobis dawese-bulebaSi miRebisas braldebulma unda gaiaros samedici-no Semowmeba, romelsac axorcielebs patimrobis dawese-bulebis eqimi. Semowmebis Sesaxeb dgeba Sesabamisi cnoba. braldebulis sxeulze dazianebis dafiqsirebis SemTxve-vaSi administracia valdebulia dauyovnebliv acnobos prokurors.”.

aseve, mniSvnelovania saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis midgoma sapatimro dawesebulebaSi miusjeli patimre-bis miRebis dros maTi uflebebisa da movaleobebis Se-saxeb informirebulebisadmi, “patimrobis dawesebulebis uflebamosili piri dauyovnebliv acnobs braldebuls mis uflebebsa da movaleobebs misTvis gasageb enaze. patimro-bis dawesebulebaSi braldebulis miRebidan ara ugvianes 24 saaTisa informacia braldebulis Sesaxeb igzavneba saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sainformacio biuroSi663.

kanonmdebloba ganixilavs SemTxvevebs, roca bral-debuli SesaZlebelia gayvanil iqnas sapatimro dawese-bulebidan an moxdes misi gadayvana sxva dawesebulebaSi “braldebulis gadayvanis Sesaxeb misi mimRebi patimrobis dawesebulebis administracia dauyovnebliv acnobebs ga-momZiebels, prokurors, mosamarTles, aseve mis axlo na-Tesavs. braldebulis gayvanis an gadayvanis SemTxvevaSi patimrobis dawesebulebis eqimi axorcielebs braldebu-lis samedicino Semowmebas, ris Taobazedac dgeba Sesaba-misi samedicino cnoba664”.

663 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 75. braldebulis patimrobis dawese-bulebaSi mosaTavseblad aucilebelia sasamarTlos gadawyvetile-ba piris mimarT aRkveTis RonisZiebis saxiT patimrobis Sefardebis Sesaxeb, braldebulis piradobis damadasturebeli dokumenti an sxva saidentifikacio dokumenti fotosuraTiT. p. 1.

664 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 76. 1. patimrobis dawesebulebidan braldebulis gayvanisa da gadayvanis wess amtkicebs ministri.

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saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi aseve vxvdebiT mius-jeli patimrisTvis paemnis ganxorcielebis procedurebs da misi Sewyvetis SesaZleblobis kanoniT dadgenil wess “braldebuli sargeblobs 1 Tvis ganmavlobaSi ara umetes 4 xanmokle paemnis uflebiT. aRniSnuli ufleba SeiZleba SeizRudos gamomZieblis an prokuroris dadgenilebis safuZvelze. gamoZiebisa da usafrTxoebis interesebidan gamomdinare, patimrobis dawesebulebis TanamSromels, romelic vizualurad akvirdeba braldebulis xanmokle paemans, SeuZlia dauyovnebliv Sewyvitos misi msvlelo-ba.665 “

dadebiT praqtikad unda CaiTvalos saqarTvelos ka-nonmdeblobis daTqma, romelic gansazRvravs miusjeli piris mier sapatimro dawesebulebis droebiT datovebis SesaZleblobas, misi naTesavis avadmyofobis an gardacva-lebis SemTvevaSi, aqve kanoni ganmartavs xarjebis anazRu-rebis wess da procedurebs, “Tu miRebuli iqneba sarwmu-no cnoba braldebulis axlo naTesavis gardacvalebis an sicocxlisTvis saSiSi avadmyofobis Taobaze, aseve Tu aucilebelia braldebulis monawileoba saproceso mo-qmedebaSi, gamomZiebels an prokurors SeuZlia gasces braldebulis mier patimrobis dawesebulebis droebiT datovebis nebarTva 2 dRemde vadiT. patimrobis dawese-bulebis droebiT datovebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi daekisreba braldebuls, garda im xarjebisa, romlebic dakavSirebulia braldebulis gayvanasTan saproceso mo-qmedebaSi monawileobis misaRebad.666”

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi aseve ganmartebulia im uflebebis nusxa, romelic patimrebs SeiZleba hqondeT maTi sapatimro dawesebulebaSi yofnis dros, mocemul SemTxvevaSi patimrobis kodeqsis 79-e muxlSi ganmarte-bulia is uflebebi, romelic mas aqvs, rogorc patimars

665 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 77. 1.

666 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 78.

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“braldebuls patimrobis dawesebulebaSi yofnisas ufle-ba aqvs: patimrobis dawesebulebis teritoriaze arsebul maRaziaSi SeiZinos kvebis produqtebi im TanxiT, romelic mis pirad angariSze Caricxes axlo naTesavebma an sxva pi-rebma. kvebis produqtebis SesaZenad piradi Tanxis gamo-yeneba daiSveba ministris brZanebiT gansazRvruli limi-tis farglebSi, mxolod unaRdo angariSsworebiT; ataros piradi tansacmeli, xolo Tu aseTi tansacmeli ar gaaCnia – administraciis mier gacemuli, sezonis Sesaferisi tan-sacmeli; administraciis kontroliT, sakuTari xarjiT awarmoos mimowera da 1 Tvis ganmavlobaSi 3-jer hqondes satelefono saubari, TiToeuli – ara umetes 15 wuTisa; isargeblos biblioTekis wignebiT da presiT; administra-ciis nebarTviT iqonios sakuTari radiomimRebi an tele-vizori667.” kanonmdebloba uSvebs gamonakliss, rodesac SesaZlebelia garkveuli SezRudvebis daSveba, romelic SeiZleba daiSvas gamomZieblis an prokuroris motivire-buli gadawyvetilebiT.

rodesac vsaubobT miusjeli patimrebis uflebebze da yofnis pirobebze mniSvnelovan midgomebs vxvdebiT, ro-gorc evropuli cixis wesebis, aseve gaeros minimaluri standartuli wesebis gacnobisas. miusjel patimrebTan mopyrobis da maTTan muSaobis Taviseburebebis ganxilvi-sas, minimaluri standartuli wesebi668 mniSvnelovan ad-gils uTmobs im garemoebas, rom winaswar gamoZiebaSi myo-fi patimrebi iTvlebian udanaSaulod da maT Sesabamisad unda epyrobodnen, raSic moiazreba maTi inormirebulo-ba, Sexvedrebi da yvela is specifiuri midgoma, romelmac maT unda Seumsubuqos cixeSi yofnis pirobebi. `pirebi, romlebic sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis Cadenis bral-debiT arian dakavebulni da imyofebian patimrobaSi po-liciis ganyofilebaSi an cixeSi, magram jer ar warmdgaran

667 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 79.

668 gaeros winaswar gamoZiebaSi myof patimrebTan mopyrobis ZiriT-adi principebi wesi 84-93

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sasamarTlos winaSe da maTi braleuloba jer ar damtki-cebula, qvemoT mocemul wesebSi moixseniebian, rogorc ~winaswar gamoZiebaSi myofi patimrebi. winaswar gamoZie-baSi myofi patimrebi udanaSaulod iTvlebian da maT Se-sabamisad unda epyrobodnen. winaswar gamoZiebaSi myofi patimrebisadmi mopyrobis Sesaxeb sakanonmdeblo debule-bebis dacvis pirobebSi, aRniSnuli kategoriis patimrebis mimarT gamoiyeneba specialuri reJimi, romlis ZiriTadi debulebebi moyvanilia qvemoT mocemul wesebSi.669”

minimaluri standartuli wesebi aseve adgens mius-jeli piris dawesebulebaSi ganTavsebis Taviseburebebs, rogorc srulwlovani ise arasruwlovani pirebis mimarT “gansasjeli pirebi unda moTavsdnen im patimarTagan gan-calkevebiT, romlebic eqvemdebarebian sasamarTlo gana-Cens. arasrulwlovani gansasjeli pirebi unda moTavsdnen srulwlovanTagan gancalkevebiT, amasTanave, isini unda imyofebodnen gancalkevebul dawesebulebebSi. gansasjel pirebs sZinavT gancalkevebiT mdebare oTaxebSi, amasTana-ve, gaTvaliswinebulia garkveuli SezRudvebi adgilobri-vi Cveulebis safuZvelze. rodesac es ar arRvevs dawese-bulebaSi miRebul wesrigs, gamoZiebaSi myof patimrebs SeiZleba daerToT neba, rom survilis SemTxvevaSi miiRon sakvebi garedan sakuTari danaxarjebiT – cixis adminis-traciis, ojaxis wevrebis an megobrebis meSveobiT. sxva SemTxvevaSi, patimris kvebas uzrunvelyofs administra-cia. gamoZiebaSi myof patimrebs ufleba aqvT ataron samo-qalaqo tansacmeli im pirobiT, rom igi sufTad da Sesafe-risad unda gamoiyurebodes. xolo Tu gamoZiebaSi myofi patimrebi atareben cixis uniformas, is unda gansxvavde-bodes msjavrdebulTa uniformisgan. gansasjel pirs yo-velTvis SesTavazeben muSaobis SesaZleblobas, magram es ukanaskneli ar warmoadgens aucilebel moTxovnilebas. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ki gansasjeli Tavad airCevs samuSaos, mas


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gaweuli muSaobisaTvis gadauxdian. yvela braldebul pa-timars unda hqondes saSualeba sakuTari saxsrebiT an me-same pirebis meSveobiT SeiZinos wignebi, gazeTebi, saweri da sxva nivTebi, romlebic miscemen maT drois nayofierad gamoyenebis saSualebas, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom es Tav-sebadia samarTlis aRsrulebis interesebTan, usafrTxoe-bisa da dawesebulebaSi normaluri cxovrebis moTxovneb-Tan.670”

yuradebas ipyrobs gansxvavebuli midgomebi, romleb-sac vxvdebiT gaeros minimaluri wesebis ganxilvisas, ro-goricaa miusjeli pirebis ufleba isargeblon piradi eqimis momsaxurebiT, “braldebul patimrebs ufleba unda mieceT, raTa cixeSi yofnis periodSi isargeblon sakuTa-ri eqimis an stomatologis momsaxurebiT im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac maTi aseTi moTxovna gamarTlebulia da Tu maT SeuZliaT dafaron am momsaxurebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi.671”

aseve mniSvnelovan komponents warmoadgens ojaxis wevrebis informirebis, aseve ojaxis wevrebTan da mego-brebTan urTierTobis xelmisawvdomoba, Tu raime saxis SezRudva ar iqneba kanoniT gansazRvrul SeTxvevebSi uflebamosili pirebis gadawyvetilebiT, “dapatimrebul pirs unda mieces imis SesaZlebloba, rom dauyovnebliv Seatyobinos Tavis ojaxs dapatimrebis Sesaxeb. mas unda mieces agreTve yvela saSualeba ojaxTan da megobrebTan urTierTobisTvis da maTi vizitebisTvis, romelic Sei-Zleba SeizRudos an Sedges zedamxedvelobis qveS mxolod imdenad, ramdenadac es saWiroa samarTlis aRsrulebis, usafrTxoebisa da dawesebulebaSi wesrigis SesarCunebis interesebidan gamomdinare.672”

670 gaeros patimrebTan mopyrobis minimaluri standartuli wesebi, wesi 85 -89



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aseve minimaluri standartuli wesebi ganixilavs mius-jeli patimrebis urTierTobas mis damcvelTan, urTier-Tobis konfidencialobas da kanoniT dadgenili kontro-lis standartebs `winaswar patimrobaSi myof Tavisufle-baaRkveTil pirs ufleba aqvs miiRos Tavisi advokati dac-vis momzadebisa da misTvis konfidencialuri instruqcie-bis micemis mizniT. amisTvis, misi survilis SemTxvevaSi, mas unda miewodos saweri masalebi. advokatsa da patimars Soris saubari unda imarTebodes policielis an cixis Ta-namSromlis zedamxedvelobiT, magram am ukanasknelT ar unda esmodeT maTi saubari673. “

evropuli penitenciuri wesebi aseve ganixilavs mius-jel patimrebTan (braldebulebTan) muSaobis specifikas, maT statuss - miusjeli piris statusis mcnebas evropis cixis wesebi ganixilavs ise, rogorc saqarTvelos kanon-mdeblobaSia gansazRvruli `cixis evropuli wesebis miz-nebisTvis, miusjeli patimrebi arian is pirebi, romlebic imyofebian cixeSi sasamarTlos mier saboloo ganaCenis gamotanamde. saxelmwifos SeuZlia patimrebi miiCnios miusjelad im SemTxvevaSic, Tu maT mimarT saapelacio/sakasacio sasamarTlos saboloo gadawyvetileba ar ga-moutania.674”

wesebi aseve ganixilavs am kategoriis patimrebTan mi-dgomas, ganTavsebis Taviseburebebs, tansacmels, konta-qts gare samyarosTan da dasaqmebis saWiroebas, “miusjeli patimrebisTvis arsebuli reJimi ar unda gulisxmobdes imas, rom patimrebi SesaZloa momavalSi gaxdnen msjavr-debulebi. cixis wesebis am nawilSi mocemuli debule-bebi warmoadgens damatebiTi usafrTxoebis garantiebs


674 evropis penitenciuri wesebi 94.1 - 100.2: wesi. 94 miusjeli patim-rebis statusi; wesi 95 miusjeli patimrebisadmi midgoma, wesi 96 gan-Tavseba, wesi 97 tansacmeli; wesi 98 samarTlebrivi daxmareba, wesi 99 kontaqti gare samyarosTan, wesi 100 - samuSao

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miusjeli patimrebisTvis. winaswari patimrobis cixeebis administraciam unda ixelmZRvanelos am wesebiT da neba darTos patimrebs, monawileoba miiRon sxvadasxva aqtivo-baSi, romlebic mocemulia winamdebare wesebSi. imis gaTva-liswinebiT, Tu rogor SeiZleba amis praqtikaSi gatare-ba, miusjel patimars unda mieces SesaZlebloba, airCios, surs Tu ara oTaxSi marto cxovreba, garda im SemTxvevi-sa, rodesac SeiZleba ukeTesi iyos miusjel patimarTan erTad misi cxovreba, an sasamarTlos miusjeli patimris ganTavsebasTan dakavSirebiT miRebuli aqvs specialu-ri gadawyvetileba. miusjeli patimrebi uflebamosilni unda iyvnen, ataron sakuTari tansacmeli, Tu es konkre-tul cixeSi yofnis Sesabamisia. im miusjel patimrebs, romelTac ar gaaCniaT sakuTari tansacmeli, uzrunvel-yofilni unda iyvnen cixis administraciis mier unifor-miT, romelic, Tavis mxriv, unda iyos iseTive, rogorsac atareben misjili patimrebi cixeebSi. miusjeli patimre-bi unda iyvnen srulad informirebulni maTi uflebis Se-saxeb samarTlebrivi rCevis miRebis Taobaze. yvela cixis Senoba unda iyos uzrunvelyofili imisTvis, rom miusjel patimrebs hqondeT SesaZlebloba, moemzadon dasacavad da Sexvdnen sakuTar warmomadgenlebs/iuristebs.”

evropuli cixis wesebi ganmartavs, rom Tu sasamarTlo ar daadgens raime saxis SezRudvebs, romelime konketuli patimris mimarT, maT xeli unda miuwvdebodeT sxvadasxva servisebze, kerZod “garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac arseb-obs sasamarTlos specialuri gadawyvetileba drois gan-sazRvrul periodze da, konkretul SemTxvevebSi, mius-jel patimrebze: unda hqondeT vizitebi da iyvnen ufle-bamosilni, ikontaqton sakuTar ojaxTan da sxva pirebTan iseTive wesebis dacviT, rogorc misjilma patimrebma; unda gaaCndeT damatebiTi vizitebi da xelmisawvdomoba sxva saxis komunikaciaze da unda gaaCndeT xelmisawvdo-moba wignebze, gazeTebsa da sxva sainformacio saSualebe-

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bze. miusjel patimrebs unda SesTavazon samuSao, magram ar SeiZleba moeTxovoT muSaoba.”

miusjel patimrebTan muSaobas da maTTan mopyrobas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba, rogorc saerTaSo-riso standartebis aseve erovnuli kanonmdeblobis far-glebSic, radganac es adamianebi mocemul etapze iTvle-bian udanaSaulod da maT icavs udanaSaulobis prezumf-cia, amasTan maTi umetesoba pirvelad xvdebian sapatimro dawesebulebaSi, amdenad gansakuTrebiT mgrZnobiareni arian cixis pirobebisa da maTi mopyrobis mimarT, cixis pirobebma maT mimarT ar unda iqonios damangreveli efeq-ti xeli Seuwyon maT adaptirebas cixis garemosTan vidre isini darCebian cixeSi, xolo gaTavisuflebis SemTxvevaSi maT integrirebas sazogadoebasTan.

9.3 SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebi, sulierad daavadebuli da fsiqikuri darRvevebis mqone da xandazmuli patimrebi

gansakuTrebuli kategoriebis nawilSi saerTaSoriso standartebi ganixilavs SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqo-ne, sulierad daavadebuli, fsiqikuri darRvevebis mqone da xandazmul patimrebs, romlebic maTi fizikuri, asako-brivi da janmrTelobis mdgomareobidan gamomdinare ga-nixilebian, rogorc gansakuTrebulad mowyvladi katego-ria. yovel maTgans aqvT gansakuTrebuli saWiroebebi, ro-gorc zogadad ganTavsebisa da sayofacxovrebo pirobebis TvalsazrisiT, aseve xSir SemTxvevaSi aseTi kategoriis patimrebi saWiroeben gansxvavebul infrastruqturas, amasTan maTi janmrTelobis mdgomareobidan gamomdinare saWiroeben specifiur/profilur samedicino momsaxure-bas. yovelive aRniSnuli saWiroebebi xSir SemTxvevaSi ar aris organizebuli da xelmisawvdomi Tavisuflebis aRk-veTis adgilebSi, amdenad es adamianebi xSirad an dgebian uflebebis darRvevis riskis qveS an irRveva maTi uflebe-

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bi. cixeebis administracias Wirdeba meti Zalisxmeva, raTa es adamianebi imyofebodnen Sesabamis sayofacxovrebo da movlis pirobebSi.

mniSvnelovania gaeros minimaluri standartuli we-sebis675 damokidebuleba sasjelis miznis miRwevasTan dakavSirebiT, sadac wesebi saxelmwifoebs mouwodebs sas-jelis moxdis procesis organizebisa da gaTavisuflebis procesis dagegmvisas yuradReba dauTmon, rogorc sxva garemoebebs, aseve patimris fizikur da gonebriv janmr-Telobas da SesaZleblobebs. TavisuflebaaRkveTili an msgavsi RonisZieba Sefardebuli pirebis mopyrobis miza-ni, ramdenadac sasjelis vada iZleva amis SesaZleblobas, unda iyos maTSi im survilis Canergva, rom gaTavisufle-bis Semdeg isini gaxdnen kanonmorCili, cixeebSi mdgoma-reobis gauaresebis Tavidan acileba pirovnuli Secvlisa da ganviTarebisTvis SesaZleblobebis micema, saqmianobe-biT uzrunvelyofis valdebuleba kanonmorCili da Tvi-Tuzrunvelyofadi cxovrebiT, agreTve, mopyroba unda iyos iseTi, rom xels uwyobdes maTSi Tavmoyvareobis da pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis gaRvivebas. am mizniT, gamoye-nebuli unda iqnas yvela Sesaferisi saSualeba, maT Soris religiuri zrunva im qveynebSi, sadac es SesaZlebelia, ga-naTleba, profesiul-teqnikuri instruqtaJi da swavle-ba, socialuri sakiTxebis garCeva, konsultacia dasaqme-basTan dakavSirebiT, fizikuri ganviTareba da moraluri xasiaTis gaZliereba, TiToeuli patimris individualuri saWiroebebis Sesabamisad da misi socialuri da danaSau-lebrivi istoriis, fizikuri da gonebrivi SesaZleblobe-bis, piradi temperamentis, sasjelis xangrZlivobis da ga-Tavisuflebis Semdgomi perspeqtivebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

endrou koili Tavis naSromSi yuradRebas uTmobs xan-dazmul patimrebTan mopyrobas. zog qveyanaSi xangrZlivi an ganusazRvreli vadiT sasjelis mzardi gamoyeneba iwve-

675 gaeros patimrebTan mopyrobis minimaluri standartuli wesebi

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vs cixis mosaxleobaSi asakTan dakavSirebuli samedicino problemebis momravlebas. es damatebiT moTxovnebs aye-nebs cixis administraciis winaSe, kerZod, man unda uzrun-velyos saTanado jandacvis RonisZiebebis dagegmva. xanSi Sesul patimrebTan dakavSirebuli zogadi sakiTxebi mi-moxilulia saxelmZRvanelos me-14 TavSi.676”

aseve nebismieri kategoriis patimrisTvis adekvaturi pirobebis uzunvelyofis valdebulebas adgens evropis adamianis uflebaTa sasamarTlo, romelic ganmartavs, rom ”bevri qveyana did siZneleebs ganicdis zogadad mo-saxleobisTvis maRali xarisxis jandacvis momsaxurebis miwodebis TvalsazrisiT. am pirobebSic ki, patimrebs aqvT ufleba, miiRon maqsimalurad maRali xarisxis jandacvis momsaxureba da Tanac ufasod. wamebis Tavidan acilebis evropis komitetma ganacxada, rom mZime ekonomikuri sidu-xWiris drosac ki, veraferi gaaTavisuflebs saxelmwifos im movaleobisgan, rom man cxovrebisTvis saWiro pirobe-biT uzrunvelyos isini, visac is Tavisuflebas arTmevs. komitets aseve naTlad aqvs naTqvami, rom cxovrebisTvis saWiro pirobebi moicavs sakmaris da saTanado samedicino uzrunvelyofasac.677”

qarTuli kanonmdebloba praqtikulad gverds uvlis SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebs, maT mdgoma-reobas, maTTan mopyrobasa da movlis pirobebs, kanonmde-blobaSi mxolod vxvdebiT ramdenime mokle Canawers ka-nonSi am sakiTxebTan mimarTebaSi, kerZod pirvel mimarTu-lebas, sadac kanonmdebloba SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebs moixseniebs aris sayofacxovrebo pirobebis uzrunvelyofa maTi mdgomareobidan gamomdinare “orsul 676 e. koili, penitenciuri sistemis marTva adamianis uflebaTa poziciidan – saxelmZRvanelo penitenciuri sistemis TanamS-romelTaTvis, Tbilisi, 2007, gv 54

677 wamebis da arahumanuri an damamcirebeli mopyrobis an dasjis Ta-vidan acilebis evropis komitetis angariSi moldovas respublikis mTavrobis mimarT moldovaSi ganxorcielebul vizitTan dakavSire-biT, 2001 wlis 10-22 ivnisi [CPT/Inf (2002)11, paragrafebi 69 da 95

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qalebs, meZuZur dedebs, arasrulwlovnebs, avadmyofebs, mkveTrad da mniSvnelovnad gamoxatuli SezRuduli Se-saZleblobis mqone pirebs, xandazmulebs (qalebs – 60 wlidan, mamakacebs – 65 wlidan) unda hqondeT sxva bral-debulebTan/msjavrdebulebTan SedarebiT gaumjobese-buli sayofacxovrebo pirobebi.678”

aseve analogiur, zogadi xasiaTis daTqmas qarTul ka-nonmdeblobaSi vxvdebiT kvebis organizebis nawilSi “or-sul qalebs, meZuZur dedebs, arasrulwlovnebs, avadmyo-febs, mkveTrad da mniSvnelovnad gamoxatuli SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebs, xandazmulebs (qalebs – 60 wlidan, mamakacebs – 65 wlidan) unda SeeqmnaT maTi mdgo-mareobis Sesabamisi kvebis pirobebi679.”

umTavresi daTqma, romelsac qarTuli kanonmdeblo-ba ganixilavs aris avadmyofoba da xandazmuloba, ro-gorc sasjelis moxdisgan msjavrdebulis gaTavisufle-bis erT-erTi safuZveli680, mocemul nawilSi patimrobis kodeqsi ganmartavs, rom msjavrdebuls aZlevs uflebas mimarTon komisias gaTavisuflebis moTxovniT “avadmyo-fobisa da xandazmulobis asakis gamo msjavrdebulis ga-saTavisufleblad msjavrdebuli, misi kanonieri warmoma-dgeneli an Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis dire-qtori kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, msjavrdebulis gaTavi-suflebis Sesaxeb saeqimo daskvnis safuZvelze mimarTavs saministros da saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros erTobliv mudmivmoqmed komisias.”


679 patimrobis kodeqsi,muxli 23. braldebulis/msjavrdebulis kve-ba, p 4

680 patimrobis kodeqsi, Tavi sasjelis moxdisagan gaTavisufleba, muxli 37. Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebidan gaTavisuflebis safuZvlebi

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patimrobis kodeqsi aseve ganixilavs fsiqiuri681 pro-blemebis mqone pirebTan mimarTebaSi garkveul damoki-debulebas, romelic iTvaliswinebs maT ganTavsebas Se-sabamisi tipis dawesebulebaSi “Tu ambulatoriuli dak-virvebis Sedegad gairkva, rom msjavrdebuls aReniSneba fsiqikuri aSlilobis niSnebi da departamentis komisia mizanSewonilad miiCnevs aranebayoflobiTi staciona-ruli fsiqiatriuli daxmarebis gawevis saWiroebas, admi-nistracia departamentis komisiis daskvnis safuZvelze mimarTavs fsiqiatriuli dawesebulebis administracias „fsiqiatriuli daxmarebis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli RonisZiebebis gamoyenebis Taobaze. msjavrdebulis fsiqiatriul dawesebulebaSi gadayvanas da saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli ga-dawyvetilebis gamotanamde mis badragirebas uzrunvel-yofs departamenti.”

saerTaSoriso standartebis ganxilvisas vxvdebiT evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacias682 #R (98)7, romelic dakavSirebulia cixeebSi janmrTelo-bis dacvis eTikur da organizaciul aspeqtebTan da masSi saubaria fizikuri naklis mqone pirebis ganTavsebasTan da dawesebulebebis Sesabamis mowyobasTan dakaSirebiT, pirvel rigSi aRsaniSnavia, rom rekomendacia grZelvadia-ni patimrobis Semaferxebel garemoebad ganixilavs, fi-zikur SezRudulobas, asaks da janmrTelobis seriozul problemebs “gangrZobadi Tavisuflebis aRkveTisTvis Seusabamo pirebi: seriozuli fizikuri naklis mqone pire-bi, moxucebi, moklevadiani fataluri prognozebi”

rekomendaciaSi vxvdebiT standartebs, romelic gan-martavs SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone da xandazmul patimarTaTvis adekvaturi sacxovrebeli pirobebis Seqm-nis valdebulebas “seriozuli fizikuri naklis mqone da

681 muxli 122. msjavrdebulis fsiqiatriuli daxmareba

682 rekomendacia #R (98)7, 8 04 1998

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moxucebuli patimrebi unda ganTavsdnen cxovrebisTvis SeZlebisdagvarad normalur pirobebSi da ar unda iqnan izolirebuli sxva patimrebisgan. struqturuli cvlile-bebi unda ganxorcieldes etlze mijaWvuli da fizikuri naklis mqone pirebis xelSesawyobad, msgavsad imisa, ro-gorc gare samyaroSi xdeba.683”

rekomendacia ganixilavs im patimrebTan mopyrobis spe-cifikas, romlebsac aReniSnebaT fsiqiatriuli simptome-bi, fsiqikuri aSliloba da ZiriTadi pirovnuli moSlilo-ba, aseve TviTmkvlelobis riski, “cixis administraciam da fsiqikur janmrTelobaze pasuxismgebelma saministrom unda iTanamSromlon patimarTaTvis fsiqiatriuli mom-saxurebis organizebis mizniT. cixeebSi mimagrebuli fsi-qikuri janmrTelobisa da socialuri samsaxurebi miznad unda isaxavdnen daxmarebisa da konsultaciis gawevas pa-timarTaTvis da maTi daZlevisa da saadaptacio unar-Cve-vebis gaZlierebas. am samsaxurebma unda moaxdinon Tavian-Ti moqmedebebis koordinacia, TavianTi sapasuxismgeblo sakiTxebis gaTvaliswinebiT. maTi profesiuli damouki-debloba uzrunvelyofili unda iyos cixis konteqstis specifikuri pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT.684”

minimaluri standartuli wesebi aseve uTmobs yura-dRebas pirebs, romlebic sxva sulieri daavadebebiT arian daavadebulebi, kerZod aqcents akeTebs maTTan mopyrobis Taviseburebebsa da gaTavisuflebis sakiTxebze, “cixeSi ar unda iqnan moTavsebulni is pirebi, romlebic aRiarebul-ni arian sulierad daavadebulebad, amitom saWiroa zome-bis miReba maTi sulierad daavadebulTa dawesebulebebSi saswrafod gadasayvanad. patimrebi, romlebic sxva sulie-ri daavadebebiT arian daavadebulebi, moTavsebul unda iqnan mudmivi meTvalyureobis qveS da maTi mkurnaloba unda xorcieldebodes specialur dawesebulebebSi eqim-

683 rekomendacia #R (98)7, 8 04 1998, p 50

684 rekomendacia #R (98)7, 8 04 1998, p 52-53

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Ta xelmZRvanelobiT. am kategoriis patimrebi cixeSi yo-fnisas eqimTa gansakuTrebuli meTvalyureobis qveS unda imyofebodnen. samedicino an fsiqiatriulma samsaxureb-ma, romlebic penitenciur dawesebulebebTan funqcioni-reben, unda uzrunvelyon yvela im patimris fsiqiatriuli mkurnaloba, romelic amas saWiroebs. sasurvelia, rom au-cileblobis SemTxvevaSi, kompetentur dawesebulebebTan erTad miRebul iqnas zomebi gaTavisuflebul patimarTa fsiqiatriuli mkurnalobisTvis, aseve, rogorc maTi so-cialur-fsiqiatriuli meurveobisTvis.685”

evropis sasamarTlo praqtikaSi vxvdebiT araerT sa-qmes686, romelic asaxavs sulierad daavadebuli pirebis uflebebis darRvevis faqtebs maTi sapatimro dawesebu-lebebSi yofnis dros, romelic ganxilul iqna evropis adamianis uflebaTa sasamarTlos mier sadac sasamarTlom daadgina adamianis uflebebis darRvevis faqti. kerZod, saqme kanani gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, sadac sasamarTlom faqti Seafasa, rogorc adamianis uflebaTa konvenciis mesame muxlis darRveva “mocemul ganacxadTan mimarTebiT aseve mniSvnelovania saxelmwifos valdebu-leba, romelic Tavisufleba aRkveTili pirebis janmrTe-lobis dacvaSi mdgomareobs (Hurtado v Switzeland, judgment of 28 January 1994, seria a. #280-a, opinion of the Commission gv 15-16 &79 ), saTanado samedicino momsaxurebis ar arsebobam SeiZleba ganapirobos mesame muxlis darRveva (Ylham v Tur-ky {GC} NO. 22277/93, &87, ECHR 2000-VII). mocemuli sakiTxis Sefaseba gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania suliT avadmyof patimrebTan mimarTebiT, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom maT xSirad ar SeswevT unari gamoxaton sakuTari reaqcia mo-pyrobasTan dakavSirebiT (Aerst v Belgium, judgment of 30 July 1998, Report 1998-V gv 1966 &66). sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom konani daavadebuli iyo qronikuli fsiqikuri aSlilobiT,

685 patimrobis minimaluri standartuli wesebi wesi 82-83

686 konani gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg (ganacxadi #27229/95), gadawyvetileba strasburgi 3 aprili 2001 w.

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romelsac Tan axlda fsiqozuri da paranoiduli epizode-bi, mas agreTve daudginda piradi moSlilobis diagnozi, eqsteris cixeSi 1994 wlis 14 aprilis Semdgom periodSi, misi patimrobis istoriis Seswavlis Sedegad gamovlinda misi aforiaqebuli qceva, ris gamoc saavadmyofos ganyo-filebidan Cveulebriv ganyofilebaSi gadaiyvanes, amave periodSi adgili hqonda TviTmkvlelobis tendenciebs, paranoidur SiSebs, agresiuli da Zaladobrivi gamovli-nebebiT, udavoa rom igi misi sicocxlis bolo periodSi fizikur tanjvasa da tkivils ganicdida, eqimisTvis gag-zavnili werili, romelic adresatamde konanis sikvdilis Semdeg mivida aCvenebs depresiis maRal dones (ix &44), Tum-ca komisiis wevrTa umravlesobam aRniSna, rom SeuZlebe-lia imis gansazRvra, Tu ramdenad ganapiroba patimrobis pirobebma aRniSnuli simptomebi da konanis gardacvaleba.

sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom aRniSnuli sirTule ar wy-vets sakiTxs, konanis dasjisas Seasrula Tu ara xelisu-flebam mesame muxlidan gamomdinare valdebulebebi, ma-Sin rodesac gancdili fizikuri Tu fsiqikuri tanjvis xarisxi warmoadgens mniSvnelovan garemoebas im saqmeSi, romlebzec sasamarTlom imsjela mesame muxlidan gamom-dinare, arsebobs garemoebebi, rodesac pirovnebis mier gancdili zemoqmedeba SeiZleba ar iyos gadamwyveti faq-tori mag. Tavisufleba aRkveTili piris mimarT fizikuri Zalis gamoyeneba, romlis aucileblobac ar gamomdina-reobs Tavad dakavebuli piris qcevidan da iwvevs adamia-nuri Rirsebis damcirebas da warmoadens mesame muxlis sawinaaRmdego qmedebas (Ribich v Austria, judgment devember 1995 seria a. #336 gv 26 & 38, Taken cited above gv 1517-18, &53), analogiurad suliT avadmyof pirTa mimarT ganxorcie-lebuli mopyroba SeiZleba warmoadgendes adamianis Rir-sebis damcirebas mesame muxlis sawinaaRmdegod, miuxeda-vad imisa SeuZlia Tu ara aRniSnul pirovnebas miuTiTos im uaryofiT faqtorebze, romlebic mopyrobis Sedegad

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dadga. sasamarTlo mxedvelobaSi iRebs samedicino Ca-naweris arasakmarisobas adamianTan mimarTebiT, romelic TviTmkvelelobisken iyo midrekili da disciplinuri sas-jelidan gamomdinare imyofeboda damatebiTi stresuli faqtorebis zemoqmedebis qveS 1993 wlis 5 maisidan 15 mai-samde - misi gardacvalebis dRemde samedicino JurnalSi Canaweri ar gakeTebula imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom imyofe-boda ramdenime eqimi, romlebsac mark konanis meTvalyu-reoba evaleboda kiTxvis niSnis qveS dgeba zedamxedvelo-bis procesis efeqturobis sakiTxi.

damatebiT imis gaTvalisiwinebiT, rom cixis ufrosma, samedicino oficerma konanis sapatimroSi miRebisas kon-sultaciebi gaiara konanis mkurnal eqimTan da 1993 wlis 29 aprils igi vizitorma fsiqiatrma moinaxula, sasamarT-lo aRniSnavs, rom ver iqna uzrunvelyofili fsiqiatrs saTanado CarTuloba.

konanis mdgomareobis monitoringis arasakmarisobis faqti, romelic gamoixateboda aseve fsiqiatriuli Sefa-sebis arasaTanadoobaSi, warmoadens TviTmkvlelobisadmi midrekilebis mqone suliT avadmyofi patimris mkurnalo-bis TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovan problemas. sadamsjelo sakanSi 7 dRiT gancalkevebiT moTavseba da damatebiT 28 dRiani disciplinuri sasjelis ganxorcielebis proce-duris gawelvam, rasac adgili hqonda ganmcxadeblis ga-Tavisuflebidan 9 dRiT adre safrTxe Seuqmna konanis fizikur da fsiqikur mdgradobas, rac warmoadens suliT avadmyof patimrebTan mopyrobis standartis sawinaaR-mdego moqmedebas, igi unda CaiTvalos araadamianur da-mamcirebel mopyrobad da iyos dasjadi konvenciis mesame muxlidan gamomdinare. Sesabamisad sasamarTlo adgens aR-niSnuli debulebis darRvevas.”

SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebTan damoki-debuleba da maTTvis sasjelis moxdis Sesaferisi da Rir-seuli garemos uzrunvelyofa unda iyos sasjelaRsrule-

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bis dawesebulebebis administraciis umTavresi priori-teti misi funqcionirebis farglebSi.

9.4 religiuri umciresobebi

azris sindisisa da religiis Tavisufleba erT-er-Ti fundamenturi uflebaa, romelsac exmianeba, araerTi saerTaSoriso dokumenti, romelic ganmartavs religiisa da sindisis Tavisuflebas, rogorc yvelasTvis Tanabar uflebas da misi SezRudva dasaSvebia im nawilSi, romelic dakavSirebulia piris Tavisuflebis aRkveTasTan, Tumca es SezRudva unda iyos minimaluri Tavisuflebis aRkveTis pirobebidan gamomdinare “yvelas aqvs azris, sindisis da religiis Tavisufleba; es ufleba moicavs religiis an rw-menis Secvlis Tavisuflebas, agreTve, marto an sxvebTan erTad, sajarod an kerZod, religiis an rwmenis gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas swavlebiT, praqtikiT, sakulto msaxurebiT da wesebis SesrulebiT~.687

analogiur midgomas vxvdebiT samoqalaqo da politi-kur uflebaTa Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso paqtSi, “yvelas aqvs azris, sindisis da religiis Tavisufleba; es ufleba moi-cavs sakuTari arCevaniT religiis an rwmenis qonis an miRe-bis Tavisuflebas, agreTve, individualurad an sxvebTan erTad, sajarod an kerZod, religiis an rwmenis gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas sakulto msaxurebiT, wesebis SesrulebiT, praqtikiT da swavlebiT.688”

miuxedavad aRniSnuli midgomebisa patimarTa gansaku-Trebuli kategoriebis ganxilvisas mniSvnelovan nawils warmoadgens religiuri umciresobebi, romlebic aseve mowyvlad kategorias miekuTvnebian maTi religiuri Sexe-dulebebisa da aqedan gamomdinare gansakuTrebuli saWi-roebebis mixedviT. maT SezRuduli aqvT garkveuli reli-

687 adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia muxli 18

688 samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso paq-ti, muxli 18

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giuri saWiroebebis xelmisawvdomoba maTi Tavisuflebis aRkveTis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tumca es SezRudva ar unda ewinaaRmdegebodes zemoaRniSnuli saerTaSoriso doku-mentebis moTxovnas, Tu amas ar moiTxovs kanoniT gaTval-siwinebuli SezRudvebi, romelic dakavSirebulia mis pa-timrobasTan.

endrou koili wignSi “penitenciuri sistemis marTva adamianis uflebaTa poziciidan” saubrobs religiuri umciresobebis uflebebTan dakavSirebiT, da mniSvnelo-van ganmartebas akeTebs rogorc religiuri umciresobe-bisaTvis adekvaturi garemos Seqmnaze, aseve yuradRebas uTmobs im pirebis saWiroebebs da maTi interesebis dac-vis aucileblobaze, romlebic ar miekuTvnebian arcerT religias “aRniSnuli debulebebi exeba yvela aRiarebuli religiis aRmsarebel jgufs da maTi gamoyeneba ar unda SeizRudos mxolod qveyanaSi arsebuli ZiriTadi religie-biT. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda daeTmos umcireso-bis jgufebis warmomadgeneli patimrebis religiur saWi-roebebs. aseve mniSvnelovania imis uzrunvelyofa, rom patimrebs, romlebic ar miekuTvnebian arc erT religiur jgufs, an romelTac ar surT religiis aRmsarebloba, ar aiZulon amis gakeTeba. patimrebs ar unda mieceT damate-biTi privilegiebi da ar unda icxovron ukeTes pirobebSi maTi religiuri kuTvnilebis an praqtikis gamo689.”

braldebulTa/msjavrdebulTa religiuri moTxovne-bis dakmayofilebas zogadad exmianeba qarTuli kanonmde-bloba da ganixilavs mis aucileblobas sxvadasxva aspeq-tebSi, Tumca ara rogorc religiuri umciresobebis Wri-lSi. pirvel rigSi religiur RonisZiebebSi monawileobis miReba gvxvdeba patimarTa uflebebis nawilSi, “bralde-buls/msjavrdebuls ufleba aqvs, dadgenili wesiT miiRos monawileoba religiur ritualebSi da Sexvdes sasuliero

689 e. koili, penitenciuri sistemis marTva adamianis uflebaTa poziciidan – saxelmZRvanelo penitenciuri sistemis TanamSromel-TaTvis, Tbilisi, 2007, gv. 67

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pirebs, Tan iqonios da isargeblos religiuri literatu-riTa da sakulto sagnebiT690.”

Semdegi komponenti, romelSic patimrobis kodeqsi da sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebis debulebebi exmia-neba religiur WrilSi msjavrdebulTa saWiroebebs, aris maTTvis religiuri literaturis gamoweris xelmisawv-domoba “braldebuls/msjavrdebuls SeuZlia sakuTari saxsrebiT, gonivruli odenobiT gamoiweros samecniero, samecniero-popularuli, religiuri da mxatvruli li-teratura, Jurnal-gazeTebi, miiRos saweri saSualebebi, garda ministris brZanebiT gaTvaliswinebuli akrZaluli nivTebisa.691 “

garda patimrobis kodeqsisa msjardebulTa religiur saWiroebebs exmianeba patimrobis/Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis debuleba, romelic ganmartavs, rom sasje-laRsrulebis dawesebulebebSi gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos Semdegi moTxovnebi: braldebulis/msjavrdebulis religiur ritualebSi monawileobis da sasuliero pireb-Tan Sexvedris wesi.692

saqarTvelos praqtikaSi vxvdebiT regulaciebs, rome-lic mimarTulia msjavrdebulebis religiur ritualebSi monawileobis xelmisawvdomobaze, romelic ganmartavs Tu ra procedurebis unda gaiaros msjavrdebulma imis-Tvis, rom miiRos nebarTva Tavisi religiis warmomadge-nelTan Sesaxvedrad “Tanxmoba unda gaices Sesabamisi re-ligiuri organizaciis werilobiTi mimarTvis safuZvel-ze, sadac miTiTebuli unda iyos organizaciis dasaxeleba, warmomadgenlis vinaoba, vizitis mizani da savaraudo xan-grZlivoba”, aseve sad unda moxdes religiuri ritualebis ganxorcieleba da ra SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba aikrZalos re-ligiur ritualebSi monawileoba “ar daiSveba religiuri

690 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 14691 patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 20. 4.692 patimrobis/Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis debuleba, muxli 52.

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ritualis Sesruleba, romelic arRvevs sxva braldebu-lis/msjavrdebulis uflebebs.693”

saerTaSoriso standartebis ganxilvisas vxvdebiT garkveul daTqmebs, romlebic aqcentirebulia patimar-Ta mrwamsisa da religiuri Rirebulebebis pativiscemaze. mniSvnelovan da saqarTvelos praqtikisagan gansxvavebul midgomebze saubrobs minimaluri standartuli wesebi694, romelic uTiTebs religiis warmomadgenlis daniSvnaze cixeSi, aseve masTan Sexvedris xelmisawvdomobasa da re-ligiur ritualebSi patimarTa monawileobaze, `aucile-belia mosaxleobis ama Tu im dajgufebis warmomadgenel patimarTa religiuri mrwamsisa da moraluri Rirebule-bebis pativiscema. im dawesebulebebSi, sadac sakmarisi raodenobiT arian erTi sarwmunoebis patimrebi, unda dai-niSnos im kultis kvalificiuri msaxuri, an mieces mas iq Sesabamisi ritualebis Catarebis ufleba. Tu amgvari pa-timrebis ricxvi sakmaod didia da arsebobs Sesabamisi Se-saZleblobebi, aseTi kultis msaxuri unda dainiSnos sru-li ganakvTiT. kultis msaxurs, romelic dainiSneba an daS-vebuli iqneba dawesebulebaSi pirveli punqtis safuZvel-ze, unda hqondes imis SesaZlebloba, rom Caataros reli-giuri ritualebi da, amisTvis gamoyofil dros, religiur Temebze sasaubrod periodulad ganmartoebiT Sexvdes misi sarwmunoebis warmomadgenel pirebs. ar SeiZleba pa-timrebis SezRudva nebismieri sarwmunoebis kvalificiur warmomadgenelTan urTierTobaSi. meores mxriv, Tu pati-mari aprotestebs kultis msaxuris vizitebs, misi pozicia sruli pativiscemiT unda iqnas aRqmuli. SesaZleblobis farglebSi, yvela patimars unda hqondes Tavisi religiu-ri moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebis saSualeba. mas unda

693 saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa ministris brZaneba №187, braldebulTa/ms-javrdebulTa religiur ritualebSi monawileobisa da sasuliero pirebTan Sexvedris uflebis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb

694 minimaluri standartuli wesebi, zogadi principebi wesi 41-42

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SeeZlos dawesebulebis SigniT religiur ritualebSi mo-nawileoba da gaaCndes saWiro religiuri literatura.695”

rac Seexeba evropis penitenciur wesebs696, azris sindi-sisa da religiis TavisuflebasTan dakavSirebiT erT-erT ZiriTad aqcents akeTebs imaze, rom cixeebis reJimi ise unda iyos organizebuli, rom SeZlebisdagvarad saSua-leba misces patimrebs, TavianT religias da rwmenas mis-dion, religiis da sarwmunoebis akreditebuli warmomad-genlebis mier Catarebul RvTismsaxurebas da Sexvedrebs daeswron. “pativi unda eces patimarTa azris, sindisis da religiis Tavisuflebas. cixeebis reJimi ise unda iyos organizebuli, rom SeZlebisdagvarad saSualeba misces patimrebs, TavianT religias da rwmenas misdion, reli-giis da sarwmunoebis akreditebuli warmomadgenlebis mier Catarebul RvTismsaxurebas da Sexvedrebs daeswron, kerZod, Sexvdnen TavianTi religiis warmomadgenlebs da sakuTrebaSi iqonion Tavis religiasTan an mrwamsTan daka-vSirebuli literatura an wignebi. patimrebs ar unda ai-Zulebdnen, misdion religias an sarwmunoebas, daeswron RvTismsaxurebas an Sexvedrebs, miiRon monawileoba reli-giur ceremoniaSi an Sexvdnen romelime religiis an sarw-munoebis warmomadgenlebs.”

rac Seexeba saerTaSorsio praqtikas, mniSvnelovan mi-dgomebs vxvdebiT irlandiis praqtikaSi, sadac saubaria msjavrdebulebisTvis religiuri ritualebis, sagnebisa da literaturis xelmisawvdomobaze, aseve kanoni calsa-xad uTiTebs, rom ar SeiZleba patimris iZuleba monawileo-ba miiRos sxva religiur RonisZiebebSi, rac misi ufle-bebis dacvis erT-erT garants warmoadgens. “religiuri sulieri da moraluri cxovreba, yvela msjavrdebuls, ramdenadac es SesaZlebelia sasjelis moxdis reJimisa da

695 patomrebTan mopyrobis minimaluri standartuli wesebi, wesi 41-42

696 evropis penitenciuri wesebi, azris, sindisis da religiis Tavi-sufleba

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usafrTxoebis wesebis daciT, SeuZlia, daicvas wesebi da miiRos monawileoba im religiis ritualebs, romlis mim-devari an wevri is aris. Tu msjavrdebuli icvlis religias an aRmsareblobas amis Sesaxeb unda iyos informirebuli administracia, raTa moxdes CanawerebSi Sesworebebis Se-tana. sasjelis moxdis reJimisa da usafrTxoebis wesebis dacviT yovel msjavrdebuls SeuZlia hqondes religiu-ri wignebTan xelmisawvdomoba piradi gamoyenebisTvis, aseve hqondes nivTebi da sagnebi, saSualebebi, romelic mas sWirdeba im religiis mixedviT romlis wevric is aris. msjavrdebulis iZuleba miiRos monawileoba romelime re-ligiur ritualSi an Sexvedraze dauSvebelia.697” irlandi-is praqtikaSi mniSvnelovani yuradReba eTmoba kapelanis instituts da mis arsebobas cixeSi, Tumca es ar zRudavs sxva religiis warmomadgenels an msjavrdebulis survils Sexvdes ara cixeSi daniSnul, aramed sxva warmomadgenels. aseve kanoni ganmartavs kapelanis valdebulebebs, kapela-nis momsaxurebis areals, dros da adgils.

9.5 arasrulwlovan qal da uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirTa mier sasjelis moxdis Taviseburebani

9.5.1 arasrulwlovani patimrebi

sxvadasxva qveyana gansxvavebuli mniSvnelobiT iyenebs terminebs ~arasrulwlovani” da ~bavSvi”. amasTan, xSi-rad samarTlebrivi sistemebi bavSvisa da arasrulwlo-vanis cnebebis bundovan ganmartebebs Seicaven. winamde-bare TavSi gamoyenebulia ganmarteba, romelic mocemu-lia gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis pirvel muxlSi: ~bavSvad iTvleba 18 wlamde asakis yoveli adamiani, Tuki romelime qveynis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT bavSvi ufro

697 Statutory instruments, S.I. No. 252 of 2007 `Prison Rules~, Published by the sta-tionery office Dublin To be purchased directly from the Governement Publications Office, Foreign nationals, Visit to foreign national

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adre ar aRwevs srulwlovanebas”. msgavsi azria gatare-buli gaeros wesebis me-11 wesSi TavisuflebaaRkveTil arasrulwlovanTa dasacavad, romlis Tanaxmadac ~aras-rulwlovani aris 18 wlamde asakis adamiani. ...”

asaki, romlidanac iwyeba sisxlis samarTlis pasuxis-mgebloba, msoflios sxvadasxva qveyanaSi gansxvavebulia. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare cxadia, rom sxvadasxvaa asaki, rodesac arasrulwlovani SeiZleba moTavsebul iqnas sa-reabilitacio dawesebulebaSi. Tu sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis asaki Zalian dabali zRvrisTvis aris dadgenili, an Tu saerTod ar arsebobs qveda zRvari, maSin pasuxismgeblobis cneba kargavs Tavis mniSvnelobas.

rig qveynebSi danergilia praqtika, romlis mixedviTac sareabilitacio dawesebulebebSi Seqmnilia specialuri pirobebi im mizniT, rom 21 wlis asakis miRwevamde moxdes msjavrdebulTa gancalkeveba zrdasruli patimrebisgan. ufro metic, aris qveynebi (magaliTad, iaponia), sadac es asaki 24 wlamdea gagrZelebuli.698

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi sisxlis sa-marTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis asaks 14 wlidan gansazR-vravs.699 patimrobis kodeqsis Tanaxmad msjavrdebuli, romelsac dawesebulebaSi Sesaxlebis momentisTvis ar Sesrulebia 18 weli, Tavsdeba arasrulwlovanTa sareabi-litacio dawesebulebaSi.700

patimrobis kodeqsi saerTaSoriso standartebis Se-sabamisad awesebs arasrulwlovan msjavrdebulTa izo-lirebulad ganTavsebas srulwlovani msjavrdebulebis-gan.701 samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqtis me-10 muxlis Tanaxmad arasrulwlovni bralde-

698 g.miqanaZe, arasrulwlovan, qal da uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil patimrebTan mopyrobis Taviseburebani, sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis saswavlo centris gamocema, Tbilisi, 2008, gv. 9–10

699 muxli 80

700 muxli 67

701 muxli 50 (1)

346

bulebi gancalkevebiT unda iyvnen srulwlovnebisgan da dauyovnebliv unda wardgnen sasamarTlos winaSe gadawy-vetilebis miRebis mizniT.

rigi qveynis sasjelaRsrulebis sistema uSvebs aras-ruwlovani da srulwlovani asakis qali patimrebis erTad ganTavsebas. aRniSnuli warmoadgens arasrulwlovani pa-timrebis reabilitaciis erTgvar formas, radgan rogorc praqtikam aCvena, adgili aqvs srulwlovani patimrebis mxridan mzrunvelobas arasrulwlovani patimrebisadmi. radikalurad gansxvavebul suraTs viRebT arasrulwlo-vani da srulwlovani mamakaci patimrebis erTad ganTav-sebis SemTxvevaSi. rac ufro seriozuli kriminaluri ga-mocdilebis mqone srulwlovan patimrTan erTad moxde-ba arasrulwlovani patimris ganTavseba, miT ufro meti negatiuri gavlena SeiZleba iqonios man arasrulwlovan patimarze. praqtikaSi gavrcelebulia srulwlovani pa-timrebis mxridan arasrulwlovan patimrebze seqsualuri Zaladobisa da maTi wamebis faqtebis sixSire. rig qveyneb-Si danergili arasrulwlovani patimrebis srulwlovan patimrebTan erTad ganTavsebis praqtika, am ukanasknelTa mier maTze zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebis mizniT, war-moadgens seriozul risks arasrulwlovan patimrebTan mimarTebaSi sxvadasxva saxis danaSaulis CadenaSi aras-rulwlovnebis dayoliebis an maTze Zaladobis ganxor-cielebis kuTxiT.702

adamianis uflebaTa evropis sasamarTlom saqmeSi gu-veCi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg703 gamoitana gadawyvetileba adamianis uflebaTa evropis konvenciis me-3 muxlis704 da-rRvevasTan dakavSirebiT, rac gamowveuli iyo patimrobis

702 g.miqanaZe, arasrulwlovan, qal da uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil patimrebTan mopyrobis Taviseburebani, sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis saswavlo centris gamocema, Tbilisi, 2008, gv. 11–12

703 guveCi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg (Guvec v Turkey), 2009 wlis 20 ianvari

704 arvin SeiZleba daeqvemdebaros wamebas an araadamianur an damam-cirebel mopyrobas an sasjels

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periodSi arasrulwlovani piris srulwlovan patimreb-Tan erTad ganTavsebiT. sasamarTlom daadgina, rom aras-rulwlovani patimris srulwlovan patimarTaTvis ganku-Tvnil sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi ganTavseba ewi-naaRmdegeboda TurqeTis moqmed kanonmdeblobasa da im saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebs, romlis monawilec Tur-qeTi aris.705 konvenciis me-3 muxlis darRvevis gamosavle-nad sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom ganmcxadebels fsiqikuri janmrTelobis problemebis niSnebi sapatimroSi yofnis periodSi ganuviTarda.706

saqarTvelos patimrobis kodeqsi uSvebs SesaZleblo-bas, gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi, arasrulwlovani msjavrde-buli 20 wlis Sesrulebamde datovos arasrulwlovanTa sareabilitacio dawesebulebaSi.707 ukrainis kanonmde-blobis Tanaxmad, arasrulwlovani msjavrdebulis sarea-bilitacio dawesebulebaSi datoveba SesaZlebelia manam, sanam msjavrdebuls Seusruldeba 22 weli.708 estoneTis kanonmdebloba uSvebs gamonakliss msjavrdebulis xasia-Tidan da sasjelis moxdis individualuri programidan gamomdinare, 18-dan 21 wlamde asakis msjavrdebulis zr-dasrulTaTvis gaTvaliswinebul daxuruli tipis sarea-bilitacio dawesebulebaSi gadayvanis Taobaze.709

estoneTis sasjelaRsrulebis kodeqsi arasrulwlo-vani msjavrdebulis nacvlad amkvidrebs axalgazrda msjavrdebulis termins. axalgazrda msjavrdebulad iwo-deba piri, romelsac sasjelis aRsrulebis momentisTvis

705 guveCi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg (Guvec v Turkey), 2009 wlis 20 ianvari, punqti 88

706 iqve, punqti 89

707 muxli 69(2, 3)

708 Уголовно-исполнительные Кодексы, Уголовно-исполнительный Кодекс Украины, статья 148(1), Донецкий Мемориал, Донецк, 2004, ст. 379

709 iqve, Закон Эстонии об Исполнении Наказаний связанных с изоляцией от общества, статья 82(2), ст. 399

348

ar Sesrulebia 21 weli.710 maTi ganTavseba xdeba specialu-rad gaTvaliswinebul daxuruli an Ria (axalgazrdebis sareabilitacio dawesebuleba) tipis dawesebulebaSi an daxuruli tipis dawesebulebis izolirebul ganyofile-baSi (axalgazrdebis ganyofileba).711 kanonmdeblobis Ta-naxmad axalgazrdebis sareabilitacio dawesebulebaSi an axalgazrdebis ganyofilebaSi erTmaneTisgan izolirebu-lad arian ganTavsebuli: (a) pirebi, romelTac ar Sesrule-biaT 15 weli; (b) 15-dan 16 wlamde asakis pirebi; (g) 16-dan 18 wlamde asakis pirebi; (d) 18-dan 21 wlamde asakis pirebi.712

kanonmdebloba, romelic aregulirebs arasrulwlo-vanTa sakiTxebs, orientirebuli unda iyos axalgazrdebis keTildReobaze da miznad isaxavdes maT reabilitacias da ara dasjas.

2014 wlis maisidan ZalaSi Sevida saqarTvelos pa-timrobis kodeqsis cvlilebebi da damatebebi, romlis farglebSic farTod iqna mimoxiluli da gansazRvruli fuZemdebluri principebi dakavSirebuli arasrulwlova-ni braldebulebis patimrobisa da arasrulwlovani msja-vrdebulebis mier sasjelis moxdis pirobebTan.

kodeqsiT gansazRvruli dawesebulebidan, erT-erTi arasrulwlovanTa sareabilitacio dawesebulebaa. aRniS-nuliT, saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo sivrceSi dafiqsir-da arasrulwlovan msjavrdebulTaTvis izolirebuli, statusis mqone sareabilitacio dawesebulebis arseboba, rac uzrunvelyofs arasrulwlovan msjavrdebulTa gan-calkevebas srulwlovani msjavrdebulebisgan da Sesaba-misobaSia gaerosa da evropul standartebTan.

patimrobis kodeqsis Tanaxmad, arasrulwlovanTa sa-reabilitacio dawesebulebaSi arasrulwlovani msjavr-debulebi ganTavsebuli arian specialur sacxovrebel-

710 iqve, статья 77



349

Si.713 dawesebulebaSi msjavrdebulebs dRis ganmavlobaSi dRis ganrigiT dadgenili wesiTa da sasjelis moxdis in-dividualuri moxdis gegmis Sesabamisad SeuZliaT damou-kideblad gadaadgildnen dawesebulebis teritoriaze.714

saqarTvelos patimrobis kodeqsi marTalia yvela ka-tegoriis msjavrdebulze gansazRvravs erTian sacxovre-beli farTis normas – aranakleb 4m2,715 Tumca iqve aRniSna-vs, rom arasrulwlovnebs, sxva gansakuTrebuli katego-riis patimrebis msgavsad, unda hqondeT sxva braldebu-lebTan/msjavrdebulebTan SedarebiT gaumjobesebuli sayofacxovrebo pirobebi.716 rac Seexeba arasrulwlovan braldebulebs, kodeqsis 15(3) muxlis Tanaxmad maTze vr-celdeba braldebulTaTvis dadgenili zogadi standarti – aranakleb 3m2. aRniSnuli sacxovrebeli normis gansazR-vriT saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobam msjavrdebulebTan dakavSirebiT daakmayofila wamebis prevenciis evropis komitetis saqarTvelos mimarT gaweuli rekomendacia – saerTo sacxovrebelSi/sakanSi erT patimarze aranakleb 4m2 farTi.717

srulwlovanebas miRweuli msjavrdebuli, romelic misi pirovnebisa da qcevis gaTvaliswinebiT ar SeiZleba pirobiT vadamde iqnas gaTavisuflebuli an arasrulwlo-vanTa specialur dawesebulebaSi iqnas datovebuli, sas-jelis Semdgomi moxdisTvis gagzavnil unda iqnas naxevrad Ria tipis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi.718

gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas warmoadgens aras-rulwlovani braldebulis (msjavrdebulis) samedicino





717 wamebis prevenciis evropuli komitetis saqarTveloSi 2012 wlis vizitis angariSi, paragrafi 33, ix. http://www.cpt.coe.int/documents/geo/2013-18-inf-eng.htm#–Toc352679620718 saqarTvelos patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 69 (5)

350

momsaxurebiT uzrunvelyofa, romelic qveyanaSi damkvi-drebuli samedicino momsaxurebis adekvaturi unda iyos. garda im uflebisa, rom arasrulwlovani braldebulis-Tvis (msjavrdebulisTvis) xelmisawvdomi unda iyos pa-timrobis an sareabilitacio dawesebulebaSi nebadarTu-li samkurnalo saSualebebi, mas aqvs dawesebulebis mier SeZenilze meti Rirebulebis an analogiuri Tvisebebis mqone samkurnalo saSualebebis sakuTari saxsrebiT SeZe-nis ufleba. damatebiT, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, Tu arseb-obs dasabuTebuli moTxovna da departamentis Tavmjdo-maris nebarTviT SeuZlia piradi eqimis sakuTari saxsre-biT mowvevis ufleba.719

arasrulwlovan msjavrdebulebTan mimarTebiT Sei-Zleba gamoyenebul iqnas disciplinuri saxdelis Semdegi saxeebi: a) gafrTxilebis micema; b) sayveduris gamocxade-ba; g) nebadarTuli nivTebiT (garda eqimis mier daniSnu-li kvebis aucilebeli produqtebisa da medikamentebisa) sargeblobis uflebis SezRudva 1 Tvis vadiT; d) dawese-bulebis teritoriaze arsebuli maRaziiT sargeblobis uflebis SezRudva 1 Tvis vadiT; e) amanaTisa da gzavnilis miRebis uflebis SezRudva 1 Tvis vadiT; v) satelefono saubris uflebis SezRudva 1 Tvis vadiT; z) saknis tipis sacxovrebelSi gadayvana 1 wlis ganmavlobaSi 6 Tvemde vadiT.720 amasTan, `g~–`v~ qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli TiToeuli uflebis SezRudvis vada 1 wlis ganmavlobaSi ar unda aRematebodes 3 Tves.

arasrulwlovanTa sareabilitacio dawesebulebaSi myofi msjavrdebulis sanimuSo yofaqcevis an/da saqmia-nobisadmi keTilsindisieri damokidebulebis SemTxvevaSi administracia uflebamosilia mis mimarT gamoiyenos waxa-lisebis Semdegi formebi: a) madlobis gamocxadeba; b) da-kisrebuli disciplinuri saxdelis vadamde moxsna; g) da-



351

matebiTi xanmokle paemniT sargeblobis uflebis micema; d) damatebiTi xangrZlivi paemniT sargeblobis uflebis micema; e) damatebiTi videopaemniT sargeblobis uflebis micema; v) damatebiTi satelefono saubris uflebis mice-ma; z) dawesebulebis gareT damatebiTi xanmokle gasvlis uflebis micema; T) amanaTiT an fostiT iseTi nivTebis, nivTierebebisa da nakeTobebis miReba, romelTa qonis uflebac msjavrdebuls sareabilitacio dawesebulebaSi, Cveulebriv, ar aqvs, magram romlebic akrZaluli ar aris; i) kompiuteruli TamaSebis uflebis micema; k) audio da video teqnikiT sargeblobis uflebis micema.721

saqarTvelos patimrobis kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs msaj-vrdebulTa administraciul patimrobas msjavrdebulis mier disciplinuri saxdelis moqmedebis vadaSi ganmeore-biT Cadenili disciplinuri darRvevisTvis. Tumca, iqve miuTiTebs, rom administraciuli patimroba ar Seefarde-baT arasrulwlovan msjavrdebulebs.722

arasrulwlovani patimris urTierToba gare samyaros-Tan uzrunvelyofili unda iqnas yvela saSualebiT, rac samarTliani da humanuri mopyrobis arsebiT nawils Sead-gens da mniSvnelovania arasrulwlovanis sazogadoebis-ken mosabruneblad. TavisuflebaaRkveTil arasrulwlo-vanTa kontaqti gare samyarosTan unda ganixilebodes rogorc maTi ufleba da ara rogorc privilegia. amitom aseTi kontaqtebi ar SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas rogorc waxalisebis an dasjis forma.

patimrebTan mopyrobis gaeros minimaluri standar-tuli wesebi (37-e da 92-e wesebi) exeba saojaxo kontaqtebs. maTi debulebebi TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirebTan mimar-TebaSi exmaureba adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao dekla-raciis me-12 muxls, sadac naTqvamia, rom `aravis mimarT ar SeiZleba TviTneburi Careva mis piradsa da ojaxur



352

cxovrebaSi, agreTve ar SeiZleba misi sacxovrebeli binis,

korespondenciis saidumloebis an misi pativisa da Rirse-

bis TviTneburi xelyofa. yovel adamians aqvs kanonis mier

aseTi Carevisa da xelyofisgan dacvis ufleba~. SesaZloa,

es debuleba ufro mniSvnelovania sareabilitacio dawe-

sebulebis SigniT, vidre mis gareT. xSirad, xangrZlivi

periodis ganmavlobaSi sareabilitacio manZilze, Tavi-

suflebaaRkveTili pirisTvis mxolod naTesavebTan ur-

TierTobaa gare samyarosTan kavSiris erTaderTi saSua-

leba. aseve cnobilia, rom ojaxTan da megobrebTan daSo-

reba erT-erTi yvelaze mtkivneuli momentia.723

ojaxTan da megobrebTan kavSiris SenarCunebis mniSvne-

loba upirveles yovlisa Tavs iCens patimris sacxovrebel

adgilTan axlos ganTavsebaSi. Tu patimrebi ganTavsdebian

saxlidan Zalzed daSorebiT, maTi monaxuleba (iseve, ro-

gorc saxlSi droebiTi gaSveba) ufro did ZalisxmevasTan

da ufro did xarjebTan iqneba dakavSirebuli.

bevr qveyanaSi da maT Soris saqarTveloSic, aras-

rulwlovani patimrebis sacxovrebelTan axlos mdebare

patimrobis/sareabilitacio dawesebulebaSi ganTavse-

ba sirTules warmoadgens, risi mizezic arasrulwovan-

TaTvis gankuTvnili patimrobis/sareabilitacio dawe-

sebulebebis simcire warmoadgens. saqarTveloSi funq-

cionirebs mxolod erTi sareabilitacio dawesebuleba

gankuTvnili msjavrdebuli arasrulwlovani vaJebisTvis

(q.Tbilisis #11 arasrulwlovanTa sareabilitacio dawe-

sebuleba, limitiT 160 msjavrdebulze).724 arasruwlovani

723 cixis personalis gadamzadebis saxelmZRvanelo, saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis departamenti/iusticiis saministro, Tbilisi, 2005, gv.115

724 saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli dax-marebis sakiTxTa saministros sasjelaRsrulebis departamentis patimrobisa da sareabilitacio dawesebulebebis Sesaxeb brZaneba #184, 27.12.2012, muxli 1(l)

353

msjavrdebuli gogonebi ganTavsebuli arian q.rusTavis

#5 qalTa specialur dawesebulebaSi moqmed izolirebul

ganyofilebaSi.725

gare samyarosTan (gansakuTrebiT ki ojaxis wevrebTan) regularuli kontaqti arasrulwlovani msjavrdebulis reabilitaciis erT-erT umTavres da umniSvnelovanes formas warmoadgens. Sesabamisad, arasrulwlovan msja-vrdebulsa da misi ojaxis wevrebs Soris kavSiris uzrun-velyofa sareabilitacio dawesebulebis administraciis prioritets unda warmoadgendes. SesaZleblobis far-glebSi da kanoniT dadgenil SemTxvevebSi, arasrulwlo-van msjavrdebuls xanmokle vadiT Sin wasvlisa da ojaxis wevrTa monaxulebis ufleba unda mieces. rogorc wesi, es vada yovel jerze ramdenime dRes Seadgens. saqarTveloSi aRniSnuli vada ar SeiZleba aRematebodes 5 dRes, romel-Sic Sedis daniSnulebis adgilamde mgzavrobis droc.726 sareabilitacio dawesebulebis gareT xanmokle gasvlis vada Sedis sasjelis moxdis saerTo vadaSi.727

gansxvavebulia sxvadasxva qveynis praqtika sareabi-litacio dawesebulebis gareT xanmokle gasvlis ufle-biT sargeblobis periodulobis mxriv. saqarTveloSi am uflebiT sargebloba SesaZlebelia weliwadSi samjer.728

aRniSnuli uflebiT sargebloba SeuZlia mxolod im arasrulwlovan msjavrdebuls, romelmac faqtobrivad moixada:

(a) naklebad mZime danaSaulisTvis mosaxdeli sasjelis – Tavisuflebis aRkveTis vadis aranakleb erTi mesamedi;

(b) mZime danaSaulisTvis mosaxdeli sasjelis –Tavisu-flebis aRkveTis vadis aranakleb naxevari;

(g) gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulisTvis mosaxdeli

725 iqve, muxli 1(e) da muxli 2




354

sasjelis – Tavisuflebis aRkveTis vadis aranakleb ori mesamedi.729

patimrobis kodeqsis Tanaxmad arasrulwlovanTa sa-reabilitacio dawesebulebis administraciam SeiZleba ufleba misces msjavrdebuls, gansakuTrebul, pirad ga-remoebebTan dakavSirebiT droebiT datovos sareabili-tacio dawesebuleba, Tu miRebulia sarwmuno cnoba misi axlo naTesavis gardacvalebis an sicocxlisTvis saSiSi avadmyofobis Taobaze.730 sareabilitacio dawesebulebis droebiT datovebis vada ar unda aRematebodes 3 dRes, romelSic Sedis msjavrdebulis daniSnulebis adgilam-de mgzavrobis droc.731 dawesebulebis droebiT dato-veba msjavrdebuls SeuZlia sasjelaRsrulebis depar-tamentis Tavmjdomaris mier gansazRvrul gamcilebel TanamSromlebTan erTad. sareabilitacio dawesebulebis droebiT datovebis vada Sedis sasjelis moxdis saerTo vadaSi.732

msgavsi praqtika aris danergili patimrobis kodeqsis mier braldebulTan mimarTebaSi (maT Soris arasruwlo-van braldebulTan dakavSirebiTac), im gansxvavebiT, rom braldebuli arasrulwlovanis mier patimrobis dawese-bulebis droebiT datovebis nebarTvas gascems gamomZie-beli an prokurori da es nebarTva SeiZleba gaices 2 dRem-de xangrZlivobiT.733

mizanSewonilia sareabilitacio dawesebulebis admi-nistraciam xeli Seuwyos ojaxis wevrebs xSirad mividnen arasrulwlovanTa mosanaxuleblad (kanoniT dadgenili yovelTviuri paemnebis farglebSi) da iqonion kontaqti werilebisa da telefonis saSualebiT. patimrobis ko-deqsi arasrulwlovan msjavrdebuls 1 Tvis ganmavloba-729 iqve, muxli 27(3)





355

Si sakuTari xarjiT 5 da waxalisebis formiT ulimito,734 xolo braldebuls – mxolod gamomZieblis, prokuroris an sasamarTlos nebarTviT 3 satelefono saubriT sarge-blobis uflebas aZlevs,735 TiToeuli ara umetes 15 wuTis xangrZlivobisa. moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, aras-rulwlovan braldebuls/msjavrdebuls ufleba aqvs Seu-zRudavi raodenobiT gagzavnos da miiRos werilebi dad-genili wesiTa da administraciis kontroliT. mimowera xorcieldeba braldebulis/msjavrdebulis xarjze.

saqarTvelos patimrobis kodeqsis Tanaxmad aras-rulwlovani braldebuli sargeblobs mxolod xanmokle paemnis uflebiT, xolo arasrulwlovani msjavrdebuli - xanmokle paemnis, xangrZlivi paemnisa da videopaemnis uflebiT.

xanmokle paemnis xangrZlivoba erTnairia rogorc arasrulwlovani, aseve srulwlovani braldebulebisa da msjavrdebulebisTvis. xanmokle paemani ewyoba 1-dan 2 sa-aTamde vadiT.736 patimrobis kodeqsis 77-e da 123-e muxlebi adgens 1 Tvis ganmavlobaSi braldebulis mier xanmokle paemniT sargeblobis maqsimalur (4) da ara minimalur ode-nobas, agreTve gansazRvravs aRniSnuli paemnis ganxor-cielebaze SezRudvis damwesebel subieqtebs da adgens normis am formiT moqmedebis konkretul vadas. ufro detalurad ki, braldebuls (maT Soris arasrulwlovan braldebuls) 2016 wlis 1 ianvramde SeuZlia isargeblos 1 Tvis ganmavlobaSi ara umetes 4 xanmokle paemnis uflebiT, prokuroris an gamomZieblis nebarTvis safuZvelze.737 rac Seexeba arasrulwlovan msjavrdebulebs, patimrobis ko-deqsis Tanaxmad isini yovelTviurad 4 xanmokle paemniT sargebloben da dawesebulebis direqtors waxalisebis formiT SeuZlia misces 2 damatebiTi paemani.738

xangrZlivi paemani aris arasrulwlovani msjavrde-734 iqve, muxli 70(2)

735 iqve, muxli 79(1) da 124


737 iqve, muxli 123


356

bulis araumetes 23 saaTis vadiT axlo naTesavTan erTad cxovreba sareabilitacio dawesebulebis teritoriaze, amisTvis specialurad gamoyofil oTaxSi, administraciis warmomadgenlis dauswreblad.739 arasrulwlovani msja-vrdebulebs weliwadSi 4 xangrZlivi paemani, xolo waxali-sebis formiT – weliwadSi 6 damatebiTi xangrZlivi paemani aqvT.740 xangrZlivi paemniT sargeblobis ufleba ar miece-maT sakarantino reJimSi myof arasrulwlovan msjavrde-bulebs an romelTac dakisrebuli aqvs disciplinuri sax-deli.741

sareabilitacio dawesebulebaSi myof arasrulwlovan msjavrdebuls, garda gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulis-Tvis msjavrdebulisa da saqarTvelos patimrobis kode-qsis 50-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `v~ qvepunqtiT gaTva-liswinebuli pirisa,742 ufleba aqvs, isargeblos videopaem-niT nebismier pirTan.743 videopaemniT sargeblobis ufleba arasrulwlovan msjavrdebuls ezRudeba disciplinuri saxdelis moqmedebis an sareabilitacio dawesebuleba-Si gansakuTrebuli pirobebis SemoRebis periodSi.744 sa-qarTvelos patimrobis kodeqsis Tanaxmad, arasrulwlo-van msjavrdebuls SeuZlia hqondes TveSi 4 videopaemani, xolo waxalisebis formiT – TveSi 2 videopaemani.745

paemnebsa da Svebulebebs Soris saintereso kompromi-sis magaliTia germania, sadac is cnobilia termin „busuxs-

739 iqve, muxli 172(1, 5)



742 gansakuTrebiT saSiS pirebs, romelTa pirovnuli Tvisebebi, kriminaluri avtoriteti, danaSaulis Cadenis motivi, damdgari marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegi an sareabilitacio dawesebulebaSi gamovlenili qceva mniSvnelovan safrTxes uqmnis sareabilitacio dawesebulebisa da maT garSemomyofTa usafrTxoebas.




357

augang“-is (Svebuleba vizitis nacvlad) saxeliT. zogierT TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirs saSualeba eZleva Sexvdes Ta-vis mnaxvels sareabilitacio dawesebulebis kedlebs ga-reT im drois ganmavlobaSi, ra droiTac paemani unda gagr-Zelebuliyo. aseT gadawyvetilebas is upiratesoba aqvs, rom TavisuflebaaRkveTili piri da misi mnaxveli TviTon arCeven Sexvedris adgils da pirobebs, xolo sareabili-tacio dawesebulebis personals aRar uxdeba am proble-mebze zrunva.746

ukrainis sasjelaRsrulebis kodeqsis 144-e muxlis Ta-naxmad Tanaxmad, kargi qcevis, Sromisa da swavlis mimarT keTilsindisieri damokidebulebis, TviTSemoqmedebiTi organizaciebis muSaobaSi da aRmzrdelobiT RonisZiebeb-Si aqtiuri monawileobis gamo arasrulwlovani msjavrde-bulebi SeiZleba waxalisdnen. kerZod, waxalisebis formad SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas erT-erTi qvemoT CamoTvlili RonisZieba:

(a) Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis TanamSrom-lebis TanxlebiT kulturul da sportul RonisZiebebze daswrebiT dawesebulebis farglebs gareT;

(b) mSoblebis an sxva axlo naTesavebis TanxlebiT aRmzr-delobiTi dawesebulebis gareT gasvlis uflebis micemiT.

amasTan, dawesebulebis gareT gasvlis xangrZlivobas gansazRvravs dawesebulebis direqtori, magram igi ar SeiZleba aRematebodes 8 saaTs. akrZalulia dawesebule-bis farglebs gareT im kulturul da sportul RonisZie-bebze daswreba, romelic saRamos 8 saaTis Semdeg ewyoba.747

xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac Tavisuflebis aRkveTis gamo arasrulwlovani msjavrdebulebi kargaven kavSirs sakuTar ojaxebTan. arasrulwlovanis mier axali sisxlis-

746 cixis personalis gadamzadebis saxelmZRvanelo, saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis departamenti/iusticiis saministro, Tbilisi, 2005, gv.118

747 Уголовно-исполнительные Кодексы, Уголовно-исполнительный Кодекс Украины, статья 144, Донецкий Мемориал, Донецк, 2004, ст. 378

358

samarTlebrivi danaSaulis Cadenis prevenciisa da misi sazogadoebaSi integraciis xelSewyobis mizniT, dawese-bulebis administracia valdebuli unda iyos daadginos dawesebulebidan gasvlis Semdeg romel arasrulwlovans aRar aqvs kontaqti sakuTar ojaxTan da Sesabamis saxel-mwifo Tu arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan kavSiris dam-yarebisa da TanamSromlobis safuZvelze, daexmaros sa-reabilitacio dawesebulebidan gaTavisuflebul aras-rulwlovans am kavSiris aRdgenaSi.

saqarTvelos patimrobis kodeqsi ganmartavs msjavr-debulis resocializacias, rogorc msjavrdebulSi sazo-gadoebis, sxva adamianebis, zneobis normebisa da adamian-Ta Tanacxovrebis damkvidrebuli wesebisadmi pativisce-misa da pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis Camoyalibebas, xolo resocializaciis ZiriTad saSualebebad asaxelebs: (a) sasjelis moxdas dadgenili wesis Sesabamisad; (b) sareabi-litacio programebis ganxorcielebas; (g) aRmzrdelobiT muSaobas arasrulwlovanTan mimarT; (d) msjavrdebulTa dasaqmebas; (e) zogadi da profesiuli ganaTlebis miRebas; (v) sazogadoebasTan urTierTobas.748

arasrulwlovanTa reabilitaciisa da saganmanaTle-blo programebis gazrdis mizniT mizanSewonilia aras-rulwlovanTa sareabilitacio dawesebulebis adminis-traciis TanamSromloba im dawesebulebebTan, romlebic zogadad arasrulwlovanTa sakiTxebze, maT ganaTlebasa da ganviTarebaze muSaoben (magaliTad, ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro, sportisa da axlagazrdobis sami-nistro, bavSvis uflebebsa da axalgazrdobis sakiTxebze momuSave arasamTavrobo organizaciebi da sxv.).

arasrulwlovanTa sareabilitacio dawesebulebaSi aucilebelia mudmiv Statze muSaobdes an xelSekrulebiT iyos ayvanili fsiqologi, romlis saqmianobac xels Suwy-obs arasrulwlovanTa reabilitacias.

748 saqarTvelos patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 116(1,2)

359

resocializaciis farglebSi arasrulwlovanTa sarea-bilitacio dawesebulebis erT-erT umTavres mizans aras-rulwlovanTa ganaTleba warmoadgens. saskolo asakis yve-la arasrulwlovan braldebuls/msjavrdebuls SesaZle-bloba unda hqondes miiRos misi moTxovnebisa da SesaZle-blobebis Sesabamisi ganaTleba,749 rac xels Seuwyobs mis sazogadoebaSi dabrunebasa da ganmeorebiTi danaSaulis Cadenis acilebas. amgvari ganaTleba unda uzrunvelyon kvalificiurma maswavleblebma qveynis saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi integrirebuli programebis saSualebiT imgva-rad, rom gaTavisuflebis Semdgom arasrulwlovanma dau-brkoleblad SeZlos swavlis gagrZeleba.

arasrulwlovanTa ganaTlebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT aucilebelia arasrulwlovanTa sareabilitacio dawese-bulebaSi funqcionirebdes skola an arasrulwlovnebs hqondeT sareabilitacio dawesebulebis datovebis saSua-leba sajaro skolaSi swavlis mizniT. skola swavlebis saerTo erovnuli programis farglebSi unda axorcie-lebdes uwyvet saswavlo process. arasrulwlovanTa sa-reabilitacio dawesebulebaSi moqmedi skola unda eqvem-debarebodes ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros da masSi dasaqmebuli unda iyvnen ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros daqvemdebarebaSi myofi sertificirebuli maswavleblebi. skolis dasrulebis Semdeg ganaTlebis damadasturebeli sertifikatis (atestatis) gadacema unda xdebodes ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros warmomadgenlebis da ara sareabilitacio dawesebulebis administraciis mier. sertifikatSi (atestatSi) ar unda iyos miTiTebuli, rom skola, romelic arasrulwlovanma daamTavra, funqcionirebda sareabilitacio dawesebule-baSi. skolas, sxva sajaro skolebis msgavsad, unda hqondes Cveulebrivi rigiTi nomeri.750

749 iqve, muxli b14(1)

750 m.SalikaSvili, g.miqanaZe, arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis Taviseburebani: arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kriminolo-

360

patimrobis kodeqsi did mniSvnelobas aniWebs zogad-saganmanaTleblo da profesiuli ganaTlebis miRebis uzrunvelyofas sareabilitacio dawesebulebebSi da gan-sakuTrebul yuradRebas uTmobs aRniSnuli ganaTlebis formebis arasrulwlovanTa sareabilitacio dawesebu-lebaSi danergvasTan mimarTebaSi. arasrulwlovanTa sa-reabilitacio dawesebulebis administracia valdebulia Seqmnas yvela piroba, rom msjavrdebulma miiRos zogadsa-ganmanaTleblo da profesiuli ganaTleba.

arasrulwlovanTa sareabilitacio dawesebulebis administraciam gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda miaq-cios ucxoeli an gansxvavebuli kulturuli an eTnikuri warmomavlobis mqone arasrulwlovnebisTvis ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomobas. arasrulwlovnebs, romelTac ar ician wera-kiTxva an aqvT swavlasTan dakavSirebuli probleme-bi, ufleba unda hqondeT miiRon specialuri ganaTleba. arasrulwlovan braldebuls/msjavrdebuls, romelmac ar icis saxelmwifo ena, unda Seeqmnas pirobebi mis Sesaswa-vlad.751

yovel patimrobis/Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebu-lebaSi (maT Soris arasrulwlovanTa sareabilitacio dawesebulebaSi) unda funqcionirebdes biblioTeka, ro-melic aRWurvili iqneba rogorc saganmanaTleblo, aseve, arasrulwlovanTa SemTxvevaSi, Sesaferisi gasarTobi wig-nebiTa da JurnalebiT. dawesebulebis administracia val-debulia uzrunvelyos biblioTeka patimrobis kodeqsisa da patimrobis saerTaSoriso wesebis teqstebiT bralde-bulTa/msjavrdebulTaTvis gasageb enaze.

arasrulwlovanTa sareabilitacio dawesebulebaSi unda Seiqmnas pirobebi msjavrdebulTa profesiuli ga-naTlebis uzrunvelyofisa da profesiuli donis amaR-

giuri, sisxlissamarTlebrivi, penitenciuri da saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi safuZvlebi, sasjelRsrulebis da probaciis saswav-lo centris gamocema, Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 147

751 iqve

361

lebis mizniT. profesiuli swavleba msjavrdebulTaTvis nebayoflobiT xasiaTs unda atarebdes. arasrulwlovan msjavrdebulTa profesiuli swavlebis danergvisa da ganxorcielebis dros upiratesoba unda mieniWos im pro-fesiebs, romelTa organizeba da Seswavla dawesebulebis pirobebSia SesaZlebeli da romelTa mimarTac dasaqmebis bazarze arsebobs moTxovna. es ukanaskneli xels Seuwyobs profesiuli kvalifikaciis miRebisa da sasjelis moxdis Semdeg gaTavisuflebisas samuSaos moZiebasa da dasaqmeba-Si.

yovel arasrulwlovan msjavrdebuls, romelic muSa-obs, unda hqondes ganxorcielebuli saqmianobis adekva-turi anazRaureba.752 arasrulwlovani msjavrdebulis mu-Saoba dasaSvebia swavlisgan Tavisufal dros. amasTanave, swavlisa da muSaobis dro erToblivad, ar unda aRemate-bodes dReSi 8 saaTs.753

arasrulwlovanTa sareabilitacio dawesebulebaSi SemuSavebul unda iqnas narkotikebis akrZalvasa da nar-kotikuli da alkoholuri damokidebulebis mqone msja-vrdebulTa reabilitaciasTan dakavSirebuli programe-bi, romlebic warimarTeba kvalificiuri personalis mier. es programebi unda ganxorcieldes asakis, sqesis da aras-rulwlovanTa sxva specifiuri moTxovnilebebis gaTva-liswinebiT.

yovel arasrulwlovan braldebuls/msjavrdebuls, ganurCevlad misi religiuri mrwamsisa, ufleba unda hqon-des daikmayofilos Tavisi moTxovnilebebi religiasa da sulier cxovrebasTan dakavSirebiT, kerZod, im msaxure-baze an Sexvedrebze daswrebis gziT, romelic uzrunvel-yofili iqneba sareabilitacio dawesebulebaSi, agreTve, uflebiT, iqonios religiuri xasiaTis wignebi da sagnebi, raTa misdios sakuTar aRmsareblobas.



362

arasrulwlovani msjavrdebulis resocializacii-sa da sazogadoebaSi dasabruneblad momzadebis mizniT dainerga individualuri samoqmedo gegma, rac TiToeuli arasrulwlovani msjavrdebulisTvis individualurad Sedgenil aqtivobaTa erTobliobas warmoadgens.754

sasjelis moxdis individualuri gegma warmoadgens resocializaciis mizniT konkretuli arasrulwlovani msjavrdebulisTvis individualurad Sedgenil RonisZie-baTa erTobliobas, romlis xangrZlivoba Seadgens 6 Tves, romelic SesaZlebelia gagrZeldes kidev 6 TviT.755 indivi-dualuri gegmis damtkicebidan 5 samuSao dReSi koordi-natori (arasrulwlovani msjavrdebulis dawesebulebaSi miRebisTanave dawesebulebis direqtoris mier dawesebu-lebis socialuri ganyofilebis ufrosis wardginebis sa-fuZvelze iniSneba individualuri gegmis koordinatori, romelic SeiZleba iyos fsiqologi an socialuri muSaki)756 msjavrdebulTan erTad adgens erTTvian samoqmedo geg-mas. erTTviani samoqmedo gegmis Sedgenidan ara uadres 25 dRisa multidisciplinuri sabWo axorcielebs samoqmedo gegmis monitorings da momdevno samoqmedo gegmis Sedge-nas.757

individualuri samoqmedo gegma iTvaliswinebs konkre-tuli aqtivobebis CamonaTvals, mis gansaxorcieleblad gansazRvruli droisa da arasrulwlovanTa sareabili-tacio dawesebulebis pasuxismgebeli TanamSromlebis mi-TiTebiT. individualur samoqmedo gegmaSi gaTvaliswine-bul unda iqnas aqtivobebi dakavSirebuli arasrulwlovan msjavrdebulTan socialuri muSakis, fsiqologis, eqimisa da maswavleblis rogorc individualur, aseve jgufur

754 saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli dax-marebis sakiTxTa ministris brZaneba #19 sasjelis moxdis individ-ualuri dagegmvis instruqciis damtkicebis Taobaze, 02.02.2012


756 iqve, muxli 1(4,5)


363

muSaobasTan dakavSirebiT. kerZod, aRniSnuli aqtivobebi SesaZlebelia moicavdes Sexvedrebs fsiqologTan, monawi-leobas fsiqo-socialuri Terapiis kursebSi, sxvadasxva saganmanaTleblo da sportul aqtivobebSi.

individualur samoqmedo gegmas TiToeul aras-rulwlovan msjavrdebulTan mimarTebaSi adgens aras-rulwlovanTa sareabilitacio dawesebulebaSi moqmedi multidisciplinuri sabWo, romelic Sedgeba dawesebu-lebis Semdegi TanamSromlebisgan: socialuri muSaki, fsi-qologi, eqimi da maswavlebeli.758 multidisciplinuri sa-bWos funqcias warmoadgens arasrulwlovani msjavrdebu-lis biofsiqosocialuri portretis Seqmna, gamovlenili saWiroebebis gaTvaliswinebiT arasrulwlovani msjavr-debulisTvis individualuri samoqmedo gegmis SemuSaveba da mis ganxorcielebaze monitoringi.759

TiToeuli arasrulwlovani msjavrdebulis indivi-dualuri samoqmedo gegma multidisciplinuri sabWos mier dasamtkideblad waredgineba sareabilitacio dawe-sebulebis direqtors.760

individualuri samoqmedo gegmis ganxorcieleba vr-celdeba arasrulwlovan msjavrdebulze manam, sanam is sasjelis mosaxdelad imyofeba arasrulwlovanTa spe-cialur dawesebulebaSi. individualuri samoqmedo gegma warmoadgens arasrulwlovan msjavrdebulTan dakavSire-biT riskis gansazRvris erT-erT safuZvels, rac gaTva-liswinebuli iqneba pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis an sasjelis mouxdeli nawilis ufro msubuqi sasjeliT Sec-vlis sakiTxis ganxilvis dros.

moldovaSi damkvidrebulia praqtika, romlis mixedvi-

Tac, Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi ganTavsebu-

li arasrulwlovani msjavrdebuli, romelic gamoswore-

bis gzas adgas, gaTavisuflebamde 3 TviT adre, gaTavisu-




364

flebisTvis momzadebis mizniT, SeiZleba gadayvanil iyos

saerTo reJimidan resocializaciis pirobebSi. aseT Sem-

TxvevaSi, isini cxovroben dawesebulebis gareT, socialu-

ri reabilitaciis centrSi, yovelgvari dacvis gareSe, ma-

gram zedamxedvelobis qveS. maT ufleba aqvT isargeblon

TveSi damatebiTi 1 xangrZlivi paemniT da ganusazRvreli

raodenobis xanmokle paemniT.761

arasrulwlovani msjavrdebulis pirobiT vadamde ga-

Tavisufleba unda gamoiyenebodes Sesabamisi organoebis

mier, SeZlebisdagvarad farTo masStabiT da adreul va-

debSi.762

gaeros mier dadgenili standartebis Sesabamisad,

arasrulwlovan braldebulTa da msjavrdebulTa mi-

marT SezRudvis saSualebebisa da Zalis gamoyeneba mxo-

lod im gamonaklis SemTxvevebSia nebadarTuli, rodes-

ac amowurulia kontrolis yvela sxva meTodi da maT ver

gaamarTles. SezRudvis saSualebebis gamoyenebam ar unda

gamoiwvios arasrulwlovani msjavrdebulis damcireba da

Seuracxyofa da gamoyenebul unda iqnas Zalian SezRudu-

lad da maqsimalurad mcire vadiT. dawesebulebis direq-

toris brZanebiT amgvari SezRudvis saSualebebis gamoye-

nebas SesaZloa mimarTon arasrulwlovanis mier TviTda-

zianebis miyenebis, sxvaTa dazianebis an qonebis ganadgu-

rebis prevenciis mizniT. am SemTxvevebSi, direqtori unda

moeTaTbiros samedicino da sxva Sesabamis personals da

amis Sesaxeb moaxsenos zemdgom administraciul orga-

nos.763

761 Уголовно-исполнительные Кодексы, Уголовно-исполнительный Кодекс Республики Молдова, статья 109(1), Донецкий Мемориал, Донецк, 2004, ст. 211-212

762 ix. Tavi `sasjelis moxdisgan pirobiT vadamde gaTavisufleba~

763 gaeros wesebi TavisuflebaaRkveTil arasrulwlovanTa dasa-cavad, rezolucia 45/113, 14.12.1990, wesi 64, adamianis uflebebi da sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebi – marTlmsajulebis ganx-

365

aRniSnuli standartebis Sesabamisad, personalis mier iaraRis tareba da gamoyeneba akrZalulia nebismier dawe-sebulebaSi, sadac ganTavsebuli arian arasrulwlovne-bi.764

saqarTvelos patimrobis kodeqsis mixedviT patimro-bis/Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebidan gaqcevis SemTxvevaSi, gamonaklisi RonisZiebis saxiT, ukiduresi aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi dasaSvebia dawesebulebis mo-samsaxuris mier cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyeneba, Tu sxva saSualebiT SeuZlebelia aRniSnuli moqmedebis aR-kveTa. gamoyenebuli Zala unda iyos kanonieri miznisa da im safrTxis proporciuli, romelic SesaZlebelia sazo-gadoebas daemuqros braldebulis/msjavrdebulis gaqce-vis SemTxvevaSi. gamoyenebuli Zala unda iyos minimaluri, rac aucilebelia gaqceuli braldebulis/msjavrdebu-lis SesaCereblad. Tumca, kodeqsi iqve miuTiTebs, rom arasrulwlovan braldebulTa/msjavrdebulTa gaqcevis dros cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyeneba dauSvebelia.765

moldovas sasjelaRsrulebis kodeqsi pirdapir gan-sazRvravs arasrulwlovani patimrebis mimarT iaraRis gamoyenebis dauSveblobas, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac maTi mxridan dgeba jgufuri, maT Soris, SeiaraRebuli Ta-vdasxma, SeiaraRebuli winaaRmdegobis gaweva, rac safr-Txes uqmnis garSemomyofTa sicocxlesa da janmrTelo-bas.766

saqarTvelos patimrobis kodeqsi arasrulwlovan braldebulebTan/msjavrdebulebTan mimarTebiT iara-

orcielebasTan dakavSirebiT adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi aqtebis krebuli, profesiuli treningebis seria #11, saqarTveloSi gaeros adamianis uflebaTa umaRlesi komisris ofisis publikacia, niu-iorki da Jeneva 2005, Tbilisi, 2007, gv. 299-300

764 iqve, wesi 65, gv. 300


766 Уголовно-исполнительные Кодексы, Уголовно-исполнительный Кодекс Республики Молдова, статья 101(5), Донецкий Мемориал, Донецк, 2004, ст. 209

366

Ris gamoyenebis akrZalvasTan erTad aRniSnuli katego-

riis patimrebTan mimarT iseTi specialuri saSualebebis

gamoyenebas krZalavs, rogoricaa: damawynarebeli peran-

gi, damawynarebeli skami, damawynarebeli sawoli, wiwakis

gazi, araletaluri iaraRi, akustikuri saSualeba, fsiqo-

logiuri zemoqmedebis SuqbgeriTi mowyobiloba da sasam-

saxuro ZaRli. arasrulwlovan braldebulTan/msjavrde-

bulTan mimarTebaSi SesaZlebelia mxolod xelborkilis

gamoyeneba, ris Sesaxeb dawesebulebis direqtorma unda

acnobos samedicino muSaks.767

2014 wlis 1 agvistodan amoqmedda norma, romlis Ta-

naxmad arasrulwlovnebis mimarT SeiZleba gamoyenebul

iqnas mxolod xelborkili, xolo jgufuri daumorCile-

blobis an/da masobrivi areulobis aRsakveTad, Tavdasx-

mis mosagerieblad da SeiaraRebuli piris dasakaveblad

SesaZlebelia agreTve gamoyenebul iqnas rezinis xelketi,

cremlsadeni gazi da wyalsatyorcni.768

saerTaSoriso standartebi erTxmad deklarireben

princips, romlis mixedviTac arasrulwlovanis moTavse-

ba Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi unda iyos uki-

duresi zoma da gamoiyenebodes maqsimalurad iSviaTad.769

gaeros meeqvse kongresma ~danaSaulis Tavidan aci-

lebisa da samarTaldamrRvevTa mopyrobis Sesaxeb” me-4

rezoluciaSi, romelic Seexeboda arasrulwlovanTa

marTlmsajulebis standartebs, ganacxada, rom winaswari

dakaveba unda gamoiyenebodes, rogorc ukanaskneli saSua-

leba da arasrulwlovnebi unda ganTavsdnen iseT Senoba-767 saqarTvelos patimrobis kodeqsi, muxli 57(2)

768 iqve, 571(15)

769 evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia (2006)2 ev-ropuli cixis wesebis Sesaxeb, wesi 11.2; evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia (2008)11 evropuli wesebis Sesaxeb sanqcieb-sa an zomebs daqvemdebarebuli arasrulwlovani samarTaldamr-RvevbTan dakavSirebiT, wesi 10

367

Si, sadac isini ar daeqvemdebarebian srulwlovani samar-

TaldamrRvevebis uaryofiT gavlenas.770 gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia sxva mniSvnelovan

sakiTxebTan erTad bavSvTan dakavSirebiT marTlmsaju-lebis ganxorcielebasa da aRsrulebasac exeba. kerZod, konvencia dauSveblad miiCnevs bavSvisTvis Tavisuflebis ukanonod da TviTneburad aRkveTas, radgan dakaveba, da-patimreba an Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi mo-Tavseba unda xorcieldebodes mxolod kanonis Tanaxmad da ganixilebodes ukidures zomad maqsimalurad mcire drois ganmavlobaSi.771

Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi bavSvis moTa-vsebis SemTxvevaSi konvencia adgens, rom misdami mopyro-ba humanur da misi Rirsebis pativiscemis xasiaTs atareb-des, ise, rom gaTvaliswinebuli iyos misi asakisTvis da-maxasiaTebeli moTxovnebi. am mizniT konvencia asaxelebs ramdenime umniSvnelovanes princips, romlis realiza-ciac saxelmwifoebis valdebulebas warmoadgens. ufro konkretulad es principebi Seexeba TavisuflebaaRkveTi-li bavSvis ufrosebisgan gancalkevebiT ganTavsebas, Tu ar iqneba miCneuli, rom bavSvis yvelaze WeSmariti inte-resebisTvis aRniSnulis gakeTeba ar aris saWiro; agreTve, bavSvis uflebas, kavSiri iqonios Tavis ojaxTan mimoweris an Sexvedrebis formiT, gansakuTrebul garemoebaTa ga-moklebiT.772

770 g.miqanaZe, arasrulwlovan, qal da uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil patimrebTan mopyrobis Taviseburebani, sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis saswavlo centris gamocema, Tbilisi, 2008, gv. 10

771 gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, rezolucia 44/25, 20.11.1989, wesi 37(b), adamianis uflebebi da sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebe-bi – marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebiT adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi aqtebis krebuli, profesi-uli treningebis seria #11, saqarTveloSi gaeros adamianis ufle-baTa umaRlesi komisris ofisis publikacia, niu–iorki da Jeneva 2005, Tbilisi, 2007, gv. 104

772 iqve, wesi 37(g)

368

konvencia xazs usvams TavisuflebaaRkveTili bavSvis-Tvis gadaudebeli samarTlebrivi da sxva Sesabamisi daxma-rebis gawevis Taobaze, agreTve, sasamarTlos an sxva kom-petenturi organos winaSe sareabilitacio kanonierebis gasaCivrebis uflebas, rac dauyovnebliv ganxilul unda iyos da aRniSnulze Sesabamisi gadawyvetileba iqnas gamo-tanili.773

gaeros sistemaSi funqcionirebs bavSvis uflebaTa ko-miteti, romelsac wevri saxelmwifoebi bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis 44-e muxlis Tanaxmad warudgenen konvenciis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebiT periodul angariSs. wardgenili angariSis safuZvelze komiteti SeimuSavebs Sesabamis rekomendaciebs konkretul saxelmwifoebTan mimarTebaSi.

saqarTvelos mier gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa komite-tisTvis wardgenili mesame perioduli angariSi ganxilul iqna komitetis mier 2008 wels. aRniSnuli ganxilvis Sede-gad gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa komitetma Camoayaliba sa-qarTvelosTan mimarTebiT konkretuli rekomendaciebi dakavSirebuli arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebasTan. kerZod:

(a) miiRos yvela aucilebeli zoma, raTa uzrunvelyos arasrulwlovanTa saqmeebze momuSave sasamarTloebis SemoReba da arasrulwlovanTa saqmeebze momuSave mosa-marTleebis daniSvna qveynis yvela regionSi.

(b) uzrunvelyos, rom arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsaju-lebis sistemaSi momuSave yvela adamians Cautardes tre-ningi Sesabamis saerTaSoriso standartebSi.

(g) Tavisuflebis aRkveTa ganixilos mxolod rogorc ukiduresi zoma da rac SeiZleba mokle vadiT; daicvas TavisuflebaaRkveTil bavSvTa uflebebi da gaakontro-los maTi patimrobis pirobebi; uzrunvelyos, rom aras-rulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi yofnisas bavS-

773 iqve, wesi 37(d)

369

vebs mudmivad hqondeT kontaqti sakuTar ojaxebTan.(d) daamkvidros erTiani da prevenciuli midgoma aras-

rulwlovanTa danaSaulis problemisadmi (magaliTad, ganmapirobebeli socialuri faqtorebis mogvareba), ra-sac konvencia iTvaliswinebs, raTa adreul etapze gauwios daxmareba riskis jgufSi Semaval bavSvebs patimrobis al-ternatiuli zomebis gamoyenebiT, rogoric aris proba-cia, konsultaciebi, sazogadoebrivad sasargeblo Sroma.

(e) SemoiRos bavSvebisTvis iuridiuli da sxva saxis daxmareba adreul etapze da uzrunvelyos maTTvis pa-timrobisas ZiriTadi momsaxurebebis (swavlisa da janda-cvis) miwodeba.774

bavSvis uflebaTa komitetma 2007 wels gamocemul #10 zogad komentarebSi xazi gausva Semdegi principebisa da wesebis dacvis aucileblobas Tavisuflebis aRkveTis yve-la SemTxvevisas:

(a) bavSvebis fizikuri da sacxovrebeli garemo ins-tituciaSi unda emsaxurebodes reabilitaciis miznebs. Sesabamisi yuradReba unda daeTmos piradi cxovrebis, sensoruli stimulaciis, TanatolebTan urTierTobis, sportul da gamajansaRebel savarjiSoebSi monawileo-bis, agreTve xelovnebas da Tavisufali drois aqtivobe-bis saWiroebas. saskolo asakis yvela bavSvs aqvs ufleba miiRos is ganaTleba, rac Seesabameba mis saWiroebebs da SesaZleblobebs da romlis mizania moamzados is sazoga-doebaSi dabrunebisTvis. garda amisa, yvela bavSvma, unda gaiaros profesiuli momzadebis treningi, romelic sava-rudod xels Seuwyobs mas samomavlo dasaqmebaSi.

(b) yvela bavSvi instituciaSi miRebisas unda Semowmdes eqimis mier. mas ufleba aqvs miiRos adekvaturi samedici-no daxmareba da zrunva misi instituciaSi yofnis mTeli

774 gaeros saxelSekrulebo organoTa daskvniTi SeniSvnebi saqa-rTvelos meore da mesame periodul angariSebze, gaeros adamianis uflebaTa umaRlesi komisris ofisis gamocema, Tbilisi, 2008, gv. 82-83

370

periodis ganmavlobaSi, romelic uzrunvelyofili unda iqnas, SesaZleblobis SemTxvevaSi, saTemo samedicino dawesebulebis an servisebis mier.

(g) Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis Ta-namSromlebma xeli unda Seuwyon bavSvis xSir kontaqts farTo sazogadoebasTan. aq igulisxmeba komunikacia ojaxTan, megobrebTan da maRali reputaciis mqone or-ganizaciebis warmomadgenlebTan. bavSvs unda mieces Se-saZlebloba saxlSi moinaxulos ojaxi.

(d) SezRudvisa da Zalis gamoyeneba dasaSvebia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac bavSvi fizikuri dazianebis safr-Txis qveS ayenebs sakuTar Tavs an sxvebs da rodesac amgvar situaciaze kontrolis sxva yvela meqanizmis gamoyeneba uSedegod dasrulda.

(e) nebismieri disciplinaruli zomis gamoyeneba ar unda ewinaaRmdegebodes bavSvis Rirsebis grZnobis Senar-Cunebas da instituciuri zrunvis ZiriTad amocanebs. mka-crad unda aikrZalos konvenciis 37-e muxliT gansazRvur-li iseTi disciplinaruli zomebi, rogoricaa fizikuri dasja, bnel sakanSi moTavseba, daxurul da SemosazRvrul sivrceSi marto moTavseba. aseve unda aikrZalos dasjis yvela is forma, ramac SeiZleba safrTxe Seuqmnas bavSvis gonebriv janmrTelobas da keTildReobas.

(v) bavSvs aqvs ufleba saCivriT, cenzuris gareSe, mi-marTos centralur administracias, samarTlebriv an sxva Sesabamis damoukidebel organos da dayovnebis gareSe mi-iRos pasuxi. bavSvebs unda hqondeT informacia, rom maT SeuZliaT amgvari meqanizmebis gamoyeneba.

(z) damoukidebel da kvalificiur inspeqtorebs ufle-ba unda hqondeT regularulad awarmoon Semowmeba, maT Soris winaswari gafrTxilebis gareSe sakuTari inicia-tiviT. Semowmebis dros gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces bavSvebTan saubars konfidencialur garemoSi.775

775 General Comments NO. 10 (2007) Children’s rights in juvenile justice, COMMIT-TEE ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD, Forty-fourth session Geneva, 15 January – 2 Feb-

371

gaeros wesebi TavisuflebaaRkveTil arasrulwlovan-Ta dasacavad moicavs yvela moTxovnas, rac ganmtkicebu-lia patimrebTan mopyrobis minimalur standartul weseb-Si da sxva aqtebSi, romlebic srulwlovnebs exeba. Tumca, TavisuflebaaRkveTil arasrulwlovanTa dacvis wesebi ufro mniSvnelovan aqcents akeTebs adamianis uflebaTa dacvis konteqstSi mopyrobis, ganaTlebisa da reabili-taciis sakiTxebze, iseve rogorc stigmatizaciisgan dac-vaze.

gaeros wesebi TavisuflebaaRkveTil arasrulwlo-vanTa dasacavad gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebs arasrulwlovanTaTvis Ria tipis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebebis Seqmnas.776

gansakuTrebuli principebia damkvidrebuli aras-rulwlovanTa Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi mo-muSave personalisTvis, romlis amomavali principi xazs usvams movaleobebis ganxorcielebisas personalis mier arasrulwlovanTa adamianuri Rirsebisa da fundamentu-ri uflebebis pativiscemasa da dacvas. personali movalea uzrunvelyos arasrulwlovanTa fizikuri da sulieri janmrTelobis sruli dacva, maT Soris, dacva fizikuri, seqsualuri da emociuri Zaladobisa da eqspluataciisa-gan da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi unda gaataron gadaudebeli samedicino uzrunvelyofasTan dakavSirebuli qmedebe-bi.777

arasrulwlovan patimarTa mimarT sanqciebisa da zo-

ruary 2007, pg. 23-24, AT http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/docs/GC10–en.doc 776 gaeros wesebi TavisuflebaaRkveTil arasrulwlovanTa dasa-cavad, rezolucia 45/113, 14.12.1990, wesi 30, adamianis uflebebi da sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebi – marTlmsajulebis ganx-orcielebasTan dakavSirebiT adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi aqtebis krebuli, profesiuli treningebis seria #11, saqarTveloSi gaeros adamianis uflebaTa umaRlesi komisris ofisis publikacia, niu-iorki da Jeneva 2005, Tbilisi, 2007, gv. 290

777 iqve, wesi 87, gv. 305–306

372

mebis gamoyenebis Taobaze evropuli wesebi (Semdgom te-qstSi wesebi) exeba sazogadoebaSi rogorc sanqcebisa da zomebis Sefardebas, aseve maT aRsrulebas, agreTve – Ta-visuflebis aRkveTas.

wesebi xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom Tavisuflebis aRkve-Tis yvela forma unda eqvemdebarebodes sasjelis mox-disgan vadamde gaTavisuflebis sistemas.778 sxva sityve-biT rom vTqvaT, unda arsebobdes samarTlebrivi normebi, romlebic gansazRvravs vadamde adre gaTavisuflebis iseT winapirobebs rogoricaa mcire dro, romelic aras-rulwlovanma vadamde adre gaTavisuflebamde sasjelis saxiT unda moixados, prognozirebadi Sefasebebi da gaTa-visuflebis Semdeg zedamxedvelobis periodi da pirobebi. vadamde adre gaTavisuflebis msgavsma sqemam daadastura misi mxridan wvlilis Setana socialuri reintegraciis procesSi. maTi zegavlena cxadia maSin, rodesac is Sead-gens gaTavisuflebisTvis progresuli mzadebisa da gan-grZobadi mzrunvelobis Semadgenel nawils.

wesebi moicavs zogad principebs Tavisuflebis aRkve-Tis dawesebulebis farglebSi yoveldRiuri aqtivobebis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebiT, rac mizanmimarTuli unda iyos arasrulwlovanTa reintegraciis gaumjobese-bisken. aRniSnulis uzrunvelsayofad TavisuflebaaRkve-Til arasrulwlovnebs unda SeeTavazoT azrobrivi Ro-nisZiebebi da CarTuloba, rac asaxuli unda iyos maTTvis SemuSavebul samoqmedo gegmaSi. fizikuri da gonebrivi janmrTelobis, sakuTari Tavisadmi pativiscemisa da pasu-xismgeblobis grZnobis ganviTarebis mizani zemoqmedebas axdens wesebis adamianur midgomaze. Tavisuflebis aRk-veTis dawesebulebis valdebulebaa msgavsi aqtivobebisa da CarTulobis uzrunvelyofa, rac mxardaWeril unda iyos arasrulwlovanis mier, maTSi monawileobis miRe-

778 evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia (2008)11 ev-ropuli wesebis Sesaxeb sanqciebsa an zomebs daqvemdebarebuli arasrulwlovani samarTaldamrRvevbTan dakavSirebiT, wesi 49.2

373

bis formiT. arasrulwlovanis mier aqtiuri monawileoba dagegmil RonisZiebaTa warmatebis aucilebeli pirobaa, rac mxardaWeril unda iqnas waxalisebebisa da miRwevebis aRniSvnis srulyofili sistemiT. msgavsma sistemam unda moicvas saswavlo da profteqnikuri treningebi, iseve, rogorc muSaoba da dasveneba.

wesebi avaldebulebs saxelmwifos daicvas yvela, misi mzrunvelobis qveS myofi adamiani sxva TavisuflebaaR-kveTili pirebis an personalis mxridan ganxorcielebu-li Zaladobisgan. swored amitom, SesaZloa moxdes ufro axalgazrda arasrulwlovnebis ufro zrdasruli aras-rulwlovnebisgan calke ganTavseba,779 risi mizezic maTi fizikuri da fsiqologiuri ganviTarebis ukeT dacva iq-neba. prioriteti unda mieces im strategiebsa da zomebs, romlebic axdenen danaSaulebrivi qmedebebis prevencias (Zaladoba, daSineba an SantaJi, romlebic rig SemTxveve-vbSi SeiZleba asocirdebodes subkulturasTan) droebiT sxvadasxva arasrulwlovnebis erTmaneTisgan izolire-biT, Tumca, specifiur SemTxvevebSi ufro mizanSewonili iqneba msxverplis dacva ufro dacul sxva dawesebulebaSi an dawesebulebis ganyofilebaSi gadayvanis gziT.

Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebebis funqcio-naluri gansxvaveba warmoadgens fundamentur princips im institutebisTvis, romlebic orientirebuli arian daakmayofilon iq moTavsebul arasrulwlovanTa socia-luri da saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebi. individualuri mopyrobis gegmebi SeiZleba ganxorcieldes mxolod im Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebebSi, romlebic kon-centrirebuli arian arasrulwlovanTa moTxovnebsa da saWiroebebze. didi zomis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawe-sebulebebSi individualuri midgomis SesanarCuneblad, saWiroa konkretuli funqciebis matarebeli sxvadasxva ganyofilebebis arseboba specifiuri mopyrobisa da sa-

779 iqve, wesi 59.1

374

ganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis dasakmayofileblad.wamebis prevenciis evropulma komitetma TurqeTSi

2004 wels ganxorcielebuli vizitis farglebSi aRniSna, rom arasrulwlovanis patimrobisTvis damaxasiaTebeli garemo unda akmayofilebdes Semdeg moTxovnebs: (1) cxo-vreba patara saTavsoebSi; (2) Sefasebis saTanado sistema ganyofilebebis Sesaferisi ganTavsebis uzrunvelsayo-fad; (3) multidisciplinuri gundi (mizanSewonilia rom warmodgenili iyos orive sqesis warmomadgenlebi), ro-melTac gavlili eqnebaT arasrulwlovnebTan muSaobis kursebi; (4) ganaTlebis sruli programa maTTvis visac jer ar Sesrulebia skolis damTavrebis asaki, sadac gan-sakuTrebuli yuradReba unda daeTmos wera-kiTxvisa da maTematikis swavlas, iseve rogorc ufrosi asakis aras-rulwlovanTaTvis swavlis gagrZelebisa da profteqniku-ri swavlebis organizeba; (5) Senoba-nagebobebi, romlebmac saSualeba unda miscen arasrulwlovnebs axlo kontaqti iqonion TavianTi ojaxis wevrebTan. wamebis prevenciis ko-miteti rekomendacias uwevs zemoxsenebuli komponente-bis arsebobas arasrulwlovanTaTvis moqmed da momaval-Si gaxsnil yvela Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi imisda miuxedavad, iqneba es patimrobis Tu Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebuleba.780

arasrulwlovnebis institutebi unda iyos marTvadi zomis. SeuZlebelia evropis masStabiT ganisazRvros spe-cialuri maqsimaluri zoma. arasrulwlovnebis Tavisu-flebis aRkveTis zogierTi instituti SedarebiT didia ramdenime aseuli adgiliT (rogorc aRmosavleT evro-pasa an germaniaSi), maSin roca amis sawinaaRmdegod, sxva qveynebs xSirad aqvT mxolod 15-30 adgili, rogorc maga-liTad skandinaviis qveynebSi an SveicariaSi. ukanaskneli franguli midgoma Seqmniliyo axalgazrduli peniten-ciuri instituti araumetes 60 adgiliT, miCneul unda

780 Report to the Turkish Government on the visit to Turkey carried by the CPT from 16 to 29 March 2004 (CPT/Inf2005)18, paragraph 73), www.cpt.coe.int

375

iqnas rogorc kargi praqtika, personalis donis da im aq-tivobebis diapazonis gaTvaliswinebiT, rasac adgili aqvs aRniSnul institutSi. amavdroulad, franguli midgoma, SeeqmnaT daxuruli saganmanaTleblo instituti aseve im-saxurebs pozitiur Sefasebas. aseT daxurul institutebs aqvT araumetes 10 adgilisa (saganmanaTleblo personalis daaxloebiT 20 adgiliT). institutis mTliani zomis miu-xedavad, mniSvnelovania daiyos institutebi sacxovrebel nawilebad, romelsac eqneba daaxloebiT 10, magram araume-tes 15 adgilisa. institutebis ufro patara sacxovrebel nawilebad dayofa aris intervenciis efeqturi sistemis organizebis yvelaze efeturi gza. aRniSnuli aseve exeba winaswari dakavebis dawesebulebebs, Tumca aseT SemTxve-vaSi SeiZleba Seiqmnas praqtikuli siZneleebi, vinaidan rogorc wesi arasrulwlovnebi, romlebic braldebulni arian erTsa da imave danaSaulSi monawileobisTvis cal-calke imyofebian. amasTan, socialuri unarebi ufro ad-vilad iswavleba patara jgufebSi. patara jgufebis cxo-vrebis dinamika metad ubiZgebs arasrulwlovnebs sakuTar Tavze aiRon pasuxismgebloba maTi yoveldRiuri cxovre-bis organizebaze. es gulisxmobs sakuTari Tavis movlas da ufro farTod sxvebTan praqtikuli sakiTxebis gadawy-vetas demokratiuli gziT.781

specifiur jgufs ganekuTvnebian arasrulwlovne-bi, romelTac fizikuri naklovanebebi gaaCniaT.782 wesebi pirdapir miuTiTebs, rom ar SeiZleba amgvari Tavisufle-baaRkveTili arasrulwlovnebis segregireba. Sesabamisad, isinic Cveulebriv Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebule-

781 m.SalikaSvili, g.miqanaZe, arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis Taviseburebani: arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kriminolo-giuri, sisxlissamarTlebrivi, penitenciuri da saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi safuZvlebi, sasjelRsrulebis da probaciis saswav-lo centris gamocema, Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 188

782 ix. Tavi `SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone patimrebi~

376

bebSi unda iyvnen ganTavsebulni.783 dawesebulebaSi unda funqcionirebdes specialuri saskolo meTodebi, profe-siuli daxelovnebis kursebi da sxva programebi, romle-bic unarSezRudul TavisuflebaaRkveTil arasrulwlo-vanTa saWiroebebs Seesabameba. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ver iq-neba moZiebuli Cveulebrivi Tavisuflebis dawesebuleba, sadac SezRuduli unarebis mqone arasrulwlovnebis spe-cialuri moTxovnilebebi iqneba dakmayofilebuli, isini gadayvanil unda iqnen iseT specializirebul dawesebule-baSi, sadac aRniSnuli pirobebi iqneba daculi.784

9.5.2 qali patimrebi

sxvadasxva qveynis statistikis analizs da Sedarebas im daskvnamde mivyavarT, rom patimarTa saerTo raodeno-bis udidesi umravlesoba zrdasruli (18 wels miRweuli) mamakacebi arian da mxolod mcire nawils warmoadgenen qali patimrebi (zogadad statistikuri maCvenebeli 2-dan 8%-mde meryeobs, saSualod 4-5%, rac imas niSnavs, rom miaxloebiT yovel 20 patimarSi 1 qalia).

gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda daeTmos moTxovnas, rac dauSveblad miiCnevs qali patimrebis ganTavsebas ma-makaci patimrebisTvis gankuTvnil sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi. rig qveynebSi, da maT Soris saqarTvelo-Sic, funqcionirebs Sereuli tipis sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebi, sadac qali da mamakaci patimrebi erT dawesebulebaSi, magram erTmaneTisgan izolirebulad arian ganTavsebuli (ase magaliTad, quTaisis #2 patimro-bisa da daxuruli tipis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawese-buleba, sadac Seqmnilia braldebul qalTa ganyofileba, izolirebulia braldebuli da msjavrdebuli mamakace-bisgan).

783 evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia (2008)11 ev-ropuli wesebis Sesaxeb sanqciebsa an zomebs daqvemdebarebuli arasrulwlovani samarTaldamrRvevbTan dakavSirebiT, wesi 107.1

784 iqve, wesi 107.2

377

saqarTveloSi qal msjavrdebulTa mier sasjelis mo-saxdelad funqcionirebs mxolod erTi dawesebuleba - #5 qalTa patimrobis, naxevrad Ria da daxuruli tipis Tavi-suflebis aRkveTis dawesebuleba. amave dawesebulebaSi, gancalkevebul fligelSi, ganTavsebuli arian is qali braldebulebi, romelTa mimarT aRmosavleT saqarTve-los teritoriaze Cadenili danaSaulis gamo warmoebs ga-moZieba.

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT qal masjavrdebulebze vrceldeba naxevrad Ria tipis dawesebulebis msjavrde-bulTaTvis dadgenili normebi. vadiani TavisuflebaaRk-veTili msjavrdebuli qalebi ganTavsdebian dawesebule-bis naxevrad Ria tipis, xolo uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTi-li msjavrdebuli qalebi ganTavsdebian daxuruli tipis ganyofilebaSi. erT qal msjavrdebulze sacxovrebeli farTobis norma ar unda iyos 4m2 naklebi.785

qal msjavrdebuls ufleba aqvs: (a) 1 Tvis ganmavloba-Si hqondes 3 xanmokle paemani, xolo waxalisebis formiT – TveSi 1 damatebiTi xanmokle paemani;786 (b) 1 Tvis ganma-vlobaSi sakuTari xarjiT hqondes 5 satelefono saubari, TiToeuli – ara umetes 15 wuTisa, xolo waxalisebis for-miT, sakuTari xarjiT − ulimito satelefono saubari − ara umetes 15 wuTisa;787 (g) 10 kalendaruli dRis ganmavlo-baSi hqondes 1 videopaemani, xolo waxalisebis formiT − TveSi 1 damatebiTi videopaemani;788 (d) orsul qalebsa da 3 wlamde bavSvis dedebs ufleba aqvT, weliwadSi samjer isargeblon Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis gareT xanmokle gasvlis uflebiT, xolo msjavrdebul qalebs, vinc sasjels ixdis naxevrad Ria tipis dawesebulebaSi da romlis mimarTac ar moqmedebs disciplinuri saxdeli an





378

administraciuli patimroba, ufleba aqvs, weliwadSi or-jer isargeblos Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis gareT xanmokle gasvlis uflebiT (araumetes 5 dRis va-diT);789 (e) 1 Tvis ganmavlobaSi hqondes 1 saojaxo paemani, xolo waxalisebis formiT − TveSi 1 damatebiTi saojaxo paemani.790

saojaxo paemani aris qali msjavrdebulis SvilTan, naS-vilebTan, meuRlesTan, mSobelTan (mSvilebelTan), dasTan da ZmasTanam Sexvedra Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebu-lebis teritoriaze, amisTvis specialurad gamoyofil oTaxSi. saojaxo paemani grZeldeba ara umetes 3 saaTisa.791

patimrobis kodeqsis Tanaxmad qalTa Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis administraciam SeiZleba ufleba misces msjavrdebuls, gansakuTrebul, pirad garemoebeb-Tan dakavSirebiT droebiT datovos Tavisuflebis aRk-veTis dawesebuleba, Tu miRebulia sarwmuno cnoba misi axlo naTesavis gardacvalebis an sicocxlisTvis saSiSi avadmyofobis Taobaze.792 Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawese-bulebis droebiT datovebis vada ar unda aRematebodes 3 dRes, romelSic Sedis msjavrdebulis daniSnulebis ad-gilamde mgzavrobis droc.793 dawesebulebis droebiT da-toveba msjavrdebuls SeuZlia sasjelaRsrulebis depar-tamentis Tavmjdomaris mier gansazRvrul gamcilebel TanamSromlebTan erTad. Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawese-bulebis droebiT datovebis vada Sedis sasjelis moxdis saerTo vadaSi.794

msgavsi praqtika aris danergili patimrobis kodeqsis mier braldebulTan mimarTebaSi (maT Soris qal bralde-bulTan dakavSirebiTac), im gansxvavebiT, rom braldebu-789 iqve, muxli 27(1)


791 iqve, muxli 173




379

li qalis mier patimrobis dawesebulebis droebiT dato-vebis nebarTvas gascems gamomZiebeli an prokurori da es nebarTva SeiZleba gaices 2 dRemde xangrZlivobiT.795

cixis xelmZRvanelobam, qali patimrebisTvis, maqsi-malurad unda gamoiyenos iseTi SesaZleblobebi, rogori-caa Svebuleba, Ria tipis cixeebi, gardamavali dawesebu-lebebi (halfway houses).796

qmediTi zomebi unda iqnas miRebuli raTa Cxrekis dros daculi iyos patimari qalebis Rirseba da pativi. Cxreka unda Catardes mxolod qali TanamSromlis mier, romelic saTanadod iqneba momzadebuli Cxrekis Sesabamis meTodeb-Si da dadgenili procedurebis mixedviT ganaxorcielebs mas.797

Semowmebis alternatiulma meTodebma, rogoricaa ska-nireba, unda Caanacvlos SiSveli Cxreka da sxeulis agre-siuli (invaziuri) Cxreka, radgan Tavidan iqnas acilebuli maTgan miRebuli saziano fsiqologiuri da SesaZlo fizi-kuri gavlena.798

cixis TanamSromlebma unda gamoavlinon kompetencia, profesionalizmi da TanagrZnoba da unda SeinarCunon pa-tiviscema da Rirseba, rodesac Cxreken bavSvs, romelic dedasTan erTad imyofeba cixeSi, da aseve masTan paemanze misul bavSvs.799

orsuli qalebis, mcirewlovani bavSvebis dedebisa da 65 wels gadacilebuli braldebulis/msjavrdebulis (maT Soris qalis) mimarT ar gamoiyeneba iseTi disciplinaru-li saxdelebi, rogoricaa samartoo sakanSi moTavseba 20 dRemde vadiT da saknis tipis sacxovrebel sadgomSi ga-


796 gaeros wesebi qal patimarTa mopyrobisa da msjavrdebul qal-Ta arasapatimro RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb (bangkokis wesebi), 06.10.2010, wesi 45, ix. http://www.un.org/en/ecosoc/docs/2010/res%202010-16.pdf 797 iqve, wesi 19

798 iqve, wesi 20

799 iqve, wesi 21

380

dayvana 6 Tvemde vadiT.800 samartoo sakanSi moTavseba an disciplinuri izolireba, rogorc sasjeli, ar unda iqnas gamoyenebuli cixeSi orsuli qalebis, axalSobili bavSvia-ni qalebisa da meZuZuri dedebis mimarT.801 qali patimrebis mimarT disciplinuri sanqciebi ar unda iTvaliswinebdes ojaxTan, gansakuTrebiT bavSvebTan kontaqtis akrZal-vas.802 damatebiT, orsul qalebs ar Seefardeba adminis-traciuli patimroba.803

braldebuli/msjavrdebuli qalis mimarT damawynare-beli perangi ar gamoiyeneba.804 dauSvebelia agreTve, qalis dawesebulebidan gaqcevis dros, cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyeneba.805

2014 wlis 1 agvistodan amoqmedda norma, romlis Tanax-mad qali braldebulis/msjavrdebulis mimarT SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas mxolod xelborkili, xolo jgufuri daumorCileblobis an/da masobrivi areulobis aRsakve-Tad, Tavdasxmis mosagerieblad da SeiaraRebuli piris dasakaveblad SesaZlebelia agreTve gamoyenebul iqnas rezinis xelketi, cremlsadeni gazi da wyalsatyorcni.806

qali patimari ganekuTvneba patimarTa gansakuTre-bul kategorias, rac ganpirobebulia maTi specifiuri saWiroebebiT. agreTve, qali patimrebi xSirad fizikuri da seqsualuri Zaladobis msxverpli arian, bevri maTgani sxvadasxva daavadebis matarebelia. swored aRniSnuli ga-remoebebi ganapirobebs maTdami mopyrobis Taviseburebis saWiroebas.

praqtikaSi gvxvdeba SemTxvevebi, rodesac bralde-


801 gaeros wesebi qal patimarTa mopyrobisa da msjavrdebul qal-Ta arasapatimro RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb (bangkokis wesebi), 06.10.2010, wesi 22, ix. http://www.un.org/en/ecosoc/docs/2010/res%202010-16.pdf802 iqve, wesi 23




806 iqve, 571(15)

381

buli qali fexmZimedaa. am garemoebis gaTvaliswinebiT, Sesabamisi kompetenturi organoebi unda Seecadon maqsi-malurad Tavi Seikavon orsuli qalis patimrobis an Ta-visuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi moTavsebisgan.807 sxvadasxva qveynebSi, maT Soris saqarTveloSic, kanonmde-bloba iTvaliswinebs fexmZime qalisTvis sasjelis moxdis gadavadebis SesaZleblobas.808

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT or-suli qali moTavsdeba sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebuleba-Si, misTvis unda Seiqmnas yvela piroba, aucilebeli nor-maluri orsulobisa da bavSvis movlisTvis. patimrobis/Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis administraciam yvela zoma unda miiRos, rom mSobiaroba ganxorcieldes samoqalaqo saavadyofoSi. am mxriv saqarTvelos kanonmde-bloba savaldebulo xasiaTs atarebs - dawesebulebam da departamentma unda uzrunvelyon orsuli qalis saerTo profilis saavadmyofoSi mSobiaroba.809 mizanSewonilia orsuli patimris badragis TanxlebiT samoqlaqo samSo-biaroSi mSobiarobamde ramdenime dRiT adre gadayvana da ara mSobiarobis dawyebis dros. aRniSnuliT uzrunvel-yofili iqneba profesionali samedicino personalis sis-tematuri meTvalyureobis qveS orsulobis normalurad mimdinareoba da mSobiaroba. amasTanave, samSobiaro saxl-Si gaCenili bavSvis dabadebis adgilad miTiTebuli iqneba aRniSnuli dawesebuleba da ara patimrobis an Tavisufle-807 g.miqanaZe, arasrulwlovan, qal da uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil patimrebTan mopyrobis Taviseburebani, sasjelaRsrulebis da pro-baciis saswavlo centris gamocema, Tbilisi, 2008, gv. 36

808 ix. Tavi `sasjelis moxdis gadavadeba~

809 saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa ministris brZaneba №97 (30.05.2011) patimro-bis, Tavisuflebis aRkveTis, Sereuli tipis braldebulTa da ms-javrdebulTa dawesebulebebis, braldebulTa da msjavrdebulTa samkurnalo dawesebulebisa da tuberkulozis samkurnalo da Tav-isuflebis aRkveTis centris debulebebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb, da-narTi №2 `Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis debuleba~, muxli 90(4)

382

bis aRkveTis dawesebuleba. im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac SeuZlebeli iqneba orsuli patimari qalis samoqalaqo saavadmyofoSi mSobiarobamde gadayvana da mSobiaroba mowveuli ginekologis daxmarebiT sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi ganxorcieldeba (saamisod specialurad momzadebul samedicino nawilis danayofSi), bavSvis daba-debis adgilad dabadebis mowmobaSi ar unda Caiweros sas-jelaRsrulebis dawesebuleba.810

dedasa da Svils Soris urTierTobis mniSvnelobi-dan gamomdinare, rac upirvelesad bavSvis interesebiTaa ganpirobebuli, sxvadasxva qveynebi Tavis kanonmdebloba-Si gansazRvraven drois im periods, romlis ganmavloba-Si patimrobaSi myof qals uflebas aZleven Tan iyolios mcirewlovani bavSvi. aRniSnuli vada SeiZleba iyos 9, 18, 48 Tve an ufro meti xangrZlivobis mqone periodi. saqar-Tvelos kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi ewyoba specialu-ri ganyofileba fexmZime qalebisa da bavSvebisTvis. dedis SuamdgomlobiT, meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoe-bis nebarTviTa da administraciis TanxmobiT, SeiZleba dedisa da 3 wlamde bavSvisTvis erTad cxovrebis pirobe-bis Seqmna.811 Tumca, dawesebulebis administracias meur-veobisa da mzrunvelobis organos Suamdgomlobis safuZ-velze SeuZlia dedas aukrZalos arasrulwlovan Svileb-Tan urTierToba.812

810 patimrebTan mopyrobis gaeros minimaluri standartuli wese-bi, 1955, wesi 23(1), adamianis uflebebi da sasjelaRsrulebis dawe-sebulebebi – marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebiT adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi aqtebis krebuli, profesiuli treningebis seria #11, saqarTveloSi gaeros adamianis uflebaTa umaRlesi komisris ofisis publikacia, niu-iorki da Jene-va 2005, Tbilisi, 2007, gv. 197


812 saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli dax-marebis sakiTxTa ministris brZaneba №97 (30.05.2011) patimrobis, Tav-isuflebis aRkveTis, Sereuli tipis braldebulTa da msjavrdebul-Ta dawesebulebebis, braldebulTa da msjavrdebulTa samkurnalo

383

orsul qalebsa da meZuZur dedebs eqmnebaT sxva msja-vrdebulebTan SedarebiT gaumjobesebuli sayofacxo-vrebo pirobebi813 da Sesabamisi kveba.814 yvela zoma unda iqnas miRebuli, raTa dakmayofilebul iqnas im orsul qal-Ta specifiuri dietis moTxovnebi, romlebsac aRkveTili aqvT Tavisufleba, maT unda SesTavazon sakvebi proteine-bis maRali SemcvelobiT, dieta, romelic mdidaria cocxa-li xiliTa da bostneuliT.815 saqarTvelos sasjelaRsru-lebisa da probaciis ministrisa da saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis ministris erTo-blivi brZanebiT (#87-83/n, 20-25.05.2011) braldebulTa da msjavrdebulTa kvebis normebisa da sanitariul-higienu-ri normebis Sesaxeb, ganisazRvra sxvadasxva tipis dawe-sebulebaSi myof braldebulTa/msjavrdebulTa da sxva-dasxva kategoriis, maT Soris orsul da meZuZur qalTa,816 da agreTve, dawesebulebebSi myof Cvil bavSvTa817 kviris sasursaTo normebi.818

mTeli im periodis ganmavlobaSi, rodesac bavSvi sas-jelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi izrdeba, dedis da misi sacxovrebeli pirobebi da garemo unda iyos saTanado. mo-qmedi kanonmdeblobiT, dawesebuleba valdebulia izru-nos dawesebulebaSi msjavrdebul dedebTan mcxovreb ba-vSvebze, upiratesad daicvas maTi interesebi da Seuqmnas maT kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli saukeTeso piro-

dawesebulebisa da tuberkulozis samkurnalo da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis centris debulebebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb, danarTi №2 `Ta-visuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis debuleba~, muxli 89(6)



815 amonaridi me-10 saerTo angariSidan (CPT/Inf (2000) 13), cixeSi jan-mrTelobis dacvis sakiTxebis maregulirebeli evropis sabWos re-komendaciebisa da standartebis krebuli, Tbilisi, 2012. gv. 57

816 muxli 14(z)

817 muxli 14(T)

818 ix. Tavi `kveba~

384

bebi.819 am mizniT, qalTa specialur dawesebulebaSi iqmneba dedaTa da bavSvTa saxli, romelic gamoyofili unda iyos sxva msjavrdebulTa sacxovrebelisagan da aRWurvili unda iyos Sesabamisi inventariT.

miRebul unda iqnas zomebi, raTa normalurad viTar-debodes Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi myofi bavSvis fizikuri da SemecnebiTi zrda. kerZod ki, maT unda hqondeT TamaSisa da varjiSis saTanado saSualebebi, da roca arsebobs amis SesaZlebloba, datovon dawesebuleba da gamocadon Cveulebrivi cxovreba mis kedlebs gareT. bavSvis gonebrivi ganviTarebis xelSewyoba dawesebulebis farglebs gareT myofi ojaxis wevrebis mier, aseve SeiZle-ba daexmaros bavSvis aRzrdis tvirTis ganawilebis uzrun-velyofas (magaliTad, bavSvis mamis mier). roca es ar aris SesaZlebeli, miRebul unda iqnas zomebi baga-baRis tipis dawesebulebebis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad. aseTi RonisZiebebi SesaZleblobas miscems qalebs, ro-melTac aRkveTili aqvT Tavisufleba, monawileoba miiRon muSaobaSi da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis far-glebs gareT sxva saqmianobaSi ufro met wilad, vidre es sxva viTarebaSi iqneboda SesaZlebeli.820 patimar qalebs, romelTac cixeSi hyavT sakuTari Svilebi, unda mieceT saSualeba, maqsimaluri dro gaataron maTTan erTad.821

819 saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa ministris brZaneba №97 (30.05.2011) patimro-bis, Tavisuflebis aRkveTis, Sereuli tipis braldebulTa da ms-javrdebulTa dawesebulebebis, braldebulTa da msjavrdebulTa samkurnalo dawesebulebisa da tuberkulozis samkurnalo da Tav-isuflebis aRkveTis centris debulebebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb, da-narTi №2 `Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis debuleba~, muxli 90(2)

820 amonaridi me-10 saerTo angariSidan (CPT/Inf (2000) 13), punqti 29, cixeSi janmrTelobis dacvis sakiTxebis maregulirebeli evropis sabWos rekomendaciebisa da standartebis krebuli, Tbilisi, 2012. gv. 58

821 gaeros wesebi qal patimarTa mopyrobisa da msjavrdebul qal-Ta arasapatimro RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb (bangkokis wesebi), 06.10.2010,

385

mcirewlovani bavSvebis sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebu-lebaSi didi xnis ganmavlobaSi yofna mizanSeuwonelia, ra-dgan dawesebulebis specifikuri garemo bavSvis ganviTa-rebaze adreuli asakidanve axdens gavlenas. Sesabamisad, kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvruli aucilebeli gonivruli vadis gasvlis Semdeg, marTebulia bavSvma datovos sasje-laRsrulebis dawesebuleba. dawesebulebis administra-ciam unda izrunos bavSvis dedasTan daSorebis momentisa-Tvis bavSvis Sinagan gancdebze da am mizniT, kompetenciis farglebSi akontrolos daSorebis procesi.822

xangrZlivi droisTvis gankuTvnili RonisZiebebi, ker-Zod bavSvis sazogadoebisTvis gadacema, romelic moicavs mis dedisgan ganSorebas, unda wydebodes TiToeul SemTx-vevaSi pedo-fsiqiatriuli da samedicino-socialuri mo-sazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.823

bavSvisa da dedis daSorebis da misi ojaxTan an naTe-savTan dabinavebis an sxva alternatiuli mzrunvelobis uzrunvelyofis Semdeg, patimar qalebs unda mieceT maqsi-malurad bevri saSualeba da SesaZlebloba Sexvdnen saku-Tar bavSvebs, maSin roca es bavSvis WeSmarit interesebSi iqneba, sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis interesebis daTmo-bis gareSe.824

wesi 50, ix. http://www.un.org/en/ecosoc/docs/2010/res%202010-16.pdf822 saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa ministris brZaneba №97 (30.05.2011) patimro-bis, Tavisuflebis aRkveTis, Sereuli tipis braldebulTa da ms-javrdebulTa dawesebulebebis, braldebulTa da msjavrdebulTa samkurnalo dawesebulebisa da tuberkulozis samkurnalo da Tav-isuflebis aRkveTis centris debulebebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb, da-narTi №2 `Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis debuleba~, muxli 90(5)

823 amonaridi me-3 saerTo angariSidan (CPT/Inf (93) 12), punqti 66, cixeSi janmrTelobis dacvis sakiTxebis maregulirebeli evropis sabWos rekomendaciebisa da standartebis krebuli, Tbilisi, 2012. gv. 50

824 gaeros wesebi qal patimarTa mopyrobisa da msjavrdebul qal-Ta arasapatimro RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb (bangkokis wesebi), 06.10.2010,

386

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu bavSvis ojaxis sxva wevrebisTvis aRsazrdelad gadacema ver xerxdeba sxvadasxva mizezis gamo (magaliTad, saxeze ar aris ojaxis sxva wevri), dawe-sebulebis administraciam SuamdgomlobiT unda mimarTos mzrunvelobisa da meurveobis Sesabamis saxelmwifo orga-nos, saxelmwifo mzrunvelobis saTanado dawesebulebaSi ganTavsebis mizniT.

wamebis prevenciis evropuli komiteti gansakuTrebul yuradRebas uTmobs zogierT higienisa da janmrTelobis dacvis sakiTxs, romliTac TavisuflebaaRkveTili qalebis moTxovnilebebi mniSvnelovanwilad gansxvavdeba igive md-gomareobaSi myofi mamakacebis moTxovnilebebisgan. qalTa higienis specifiuri moTxovnilebebi ganxilul unda iqnas saTanado wesiT. sapirfareSosa da Sxapis mudmiv xelmisaw-vdomobas, sisxliT dalaquli sagnebis wesrigSi mosayva-ni saSualebebis mosaxerxebel ganlagebas, iseve, rogorc, higienuri saSualebebis marags, magaliTad, rogoric aris sufTa pirsaxocebi da tamponebi, gaaCnia gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba. aseTi ZiriTadi aucileblobebiT uzrunvel-yofis ar arseboba SeiZleba Seicavdes pativisa da Rirsebis Semlaxvel mopyrobas.825

janmrTelobis Tanasworuflebiani dacva agreTve moi-Txovs, rom qalTa ufleba fizikur mTlianobaze dacul iq-nas Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi, iseve, rogorc mis farglebs gareT sazogadoebaSi. amgvarad, sadac e. w. “morning after” (dilis Semdgomi) abi da/an orsulobis moSlis sxva formebi orsulobis ufro gviandel safexurze, xel-misawvdomia im qalebisTvis, romelnic Tavisufalni arian, aseT saSualebebze xeli unda miuwvdebodeT im qalebsac, romelTac aRkveTili aqvT Tavisufleba.826

rac Seexeba kontraceptivebs, es wamali SeiZleba ga-

wesi 52(3), ix. http://www.un.org/en/ecosoc/docs/2010/res%202010-16.pdf825 iqve, punqti 30-31, gv. 59

826 iqve, punqti 32, gv. 59-60

387

moweril iyos samedicino miznisTvis da ara, rogorc pro-filaqtikuri saSualeba (mag.: raTa Semsubuqebul iqnas tkivilebi menstruaciis dros). is faqti, rom qalTa Tavi-suflebis aRkveTa SeiZleba, TavisTavad, didad amcirebdes Casaxvis albaTobas Tavisuflebis aRkveTis periodSi, ar aris sakmarisi mizezi amgvar samedicino momsaxurebaze ua-ris TqmisTvis.827

resocializaciis mizniT aucilebelia qal msjavrde-bulTaTvis profesiuli unar-Cvevebis dasauflebeli sa-ganmanaTleblo kursebis organizeba da mcire sawarmoe-bis mowyoba maTi dasaqmebis uzrunvelsayofad. dasaqmebis mxriv yvelaze gavrcelebuli magaliTia qalTa Tavisufle-bis aRkveTis dawesebulebebSi moqmedi samkervaloebi da samrecxaoebi.

gansakuTrebuli RonisZiebebi unda gatardes im qal patimarTa specialuri samsaxurebis momsaxurebiT uzrun-velyofisTvis, romelTac gadaitanes fizikuri, moraluri an seqsualuri Seuracxyofa.828

9.5.3 uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebiuvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa msoflios mraval qveya-

naSi warmoadgens maqsimalur sadamsjelo zomas. miuxeda-vad imisa, rom am kategoriis patimarTa mimarT gamoiyeneba termini `uvado~ an `samudamo~, rogorc wesi, praqtikaSi iSviaTia SemTxveva, rodesac msjavrdebuls mTeli cxo-vrebis sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi gatareba uwe-vs.829 aseTi kategoriis msjavrdebulebs, garkveuli vadis

827 iqve, punqti 33, gv. 60

828 evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia (2006)2 evro-pul cixis wesebTan dakavSirebiT, wesi 34.2, probaciis saerTaSor-iso standartebis krebuli - saxelmZRvanelo praqtikosebisaTvis, sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis saswavlo centris publikacia, Tbilisi, 2010, gv. 82

829 e. koili, penitencialuri sistemis marTva adamianis uflebaTa poziciidan – saxelmZRvanelo penitencialuri sistemis TanamSrom-lebisTvis. Tbilisi, 2007, gv. 145

388

gasvlis (Tavisuflebis aRkveTis saxiT sasjelis moxdis) Semdeg, aTavisufleben Sesabamisi samsaxurebis zedamxed-velobis qveS.830

marTalia uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTis misja gansaku-TrebiT mZime danaSaulis Cadenis dros xdeba, sxvadasxva qveynebSi misi Sefardeba gansxvavebuli danaSaulis Sem-TxvevaSi aris SesaZebeli (trefikingi, iaraRisa da narko-tikuli saSualebebis garkveuli odenobis ukanonod dam-zadeba-gasaReba). ZiriTadad, sasjelis es forma ganzrax mkvlelobis Cadenis dros gamoiyeneba. ase magaliTad, in-glissa da uelsSi uvado TavisuflebaRkveTilTa 80%-s es sasjeli ganzrax mkvlelobis CadenisTvis ganesazRvra, 12%-s ki – gaupatiurebisa da sxva saxis seqsualuri dana-SaulisTvis.831

saqarTveloSi uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa Seefarde-ba sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli Semdegi danaSaulis Camden pirs: ganzrax mkvleloba damamZimebel garemoebaSi,832 arasrulwlovaniT vaWroba (trefikingi),833 stacionaruli platformis marTlsawinaaRmdegod dau-fleba, ganadgureba an dazianeba,834 narkotikuli saSuale-bis, misi analogis an prekursoris ukanono damzadeba, war-moeba, SeZena, Senaxva, gadazidva, gadagzavna an gasaReba,835 saqarTveloSi narkotikuli saSualebis, misi analogis an prekursoris ukanonod Semotana, saqarTvelodan ukano-nod gatana an tranzitiT saerTaSoriso gadazidva,836 sa-

830 ix. Tavi `sasjelis moxdisgan pirobiT vadamde gaTavisufleba~

831 Life Imprisonment, United Nations Office at Vienna, Crime Prevention and Crim-inal Justice Branch, Vienna, 1994 ix. http://www.penalreform.org/wp-content/up-loads/2013/06/UNODC-1994-Lifers.pdf832 muxli 109(3)

833 muxli 1432(4)

834 muxli 2272(3)

835 muxli 260(3)

836 muxli 262(4)

389

qarTvelos teritoriuli xelSeuxeblobis darRveva,837 sabotaJi,838 teroristuli aqti,839 saqarTvelos politiku-ri Tanamdebobis pirze Tavdasxma,840 saerTaSoriso dacviT mosargeble pirze an dawesebulebaze Tavdasxma,841 stra-tegiuli an gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis obieqtis xelSi Cagdeba an blokireba teroristuli mizniT,842 terorizmis dafinanseba,843 policielze an xelisuflebis sxva warmoma-dgenelze anda sajaro dawesebulebaze Tavdasxma,844 agre-siuli omis gaCaReba an warmoeba,845 genocidi,846 danaSauli adamianurobis winaaRmdeg.847

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 51(2) mu-xlis Tanaxmad uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa ar daeniSneba imas, visac danaSaulis Cadenamde ar Sesrulebia Tvrameti weli an visac ganaCenis gamotanis momentisTvis Seusrul-da samoci weli. aRniSnuli norma exmianeba gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvencias, romlis Tanaxmad `...dauSvebelia sikvdiliT dasja an samudamo patimroba, rodesac aRniS-nuli ar iTvaliswinebs gaTavisuflebis SesaZleblobas, Seefardos 18 wlamde asakis pirebs Cadenili danaSaulis-Tvis~.848

837 muxli 308(2)

838 muxli 318(3)

839 muxli 323(3)

840 muxli 325

841 muxli 326

842 muxli 330(2)

843 muxli 3311(3)

844 muxli 3531(3)

845 muxli 404(2)

846 muxli 407

847 muxli 408

848 gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, rezolucia 44/25, 20.11.1989, muxli 37(a), adamianis uflebebi da sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebule-bebi – marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebiT adamian-is uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi aqtebis krebuli, pro-fesiuli treningebis seria #11, saqarTveloSi gaeros adamianis

390

yvela qveyana ar iyenebs sasjelis saxiT uvado Tavisu-flebis aRkveTas. msgavsi sasjeli akrZalulia brazilia-Si, kolumbiaSi, el salvadorSi, nikaraguaSi, venesuelaSi, xorvatiaSi, portugaliaSi, espaneTsa da norvegiaSi. Tum-ca, aRniSnuli ar gamoricxavs msjavrdebulTa mier gr-Zelvadiani sasjelis moxdas am qveynebSi. msjavrdebulma SesaZloa faqtobrivad imaze meti xani dahyos Tavisufle-bis aRkveTis pirobebSi, vidre uvado TavisuflebaaRkve-Tili pirisTvis pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis SemTx-vevaSi Tavisuflebis aRkveTis moxdis minimaluri vadaa gansazRvruli. espaneTis sisxlis samarTlis doqtrina miuTiTebs, rom uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa arakonsti-tuciuria, rom sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis val-debulebaa daumtkicos sazogadoebas, rom msjavrdebuli `socialurad reabilitirebuli~ unda iyos, xolo uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa am debulebis sawinaaRmdegoa.849

dRes arsebuli tendencia miuTiTebs uvado Tavisu-flebaaRkveTil msjavrdebulTa raodenobis zrdaze. sa-qarTveloSi 2013 wlis 1 agvistos mdgomareobiT 85 uva-do TavisuflebaaRkveTili piria (maT Soris 4 qali).850 85 uvado msjavrdebulisgan 12 sasjels ixdis saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 260(3) muxliT (narkotikuli saSualebis, misi analogis an prekursoris ukanono dam-zadeba, warmoeba, SeZena, Senaxva, gadazidva, gadagzavna an gasaReba) (maT Soris 4-ve qali), 3 – 323(3) muxliT851 da 70 – 109(3) muxliT852 gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis Cadenis-Tvis.

uflebaTa umaRlesi komisris ofisis publikacia, niu–iorki da Je-neva 2005, Tbilisi, 2007, gv. 104

849 e.koili, penitencialuri sistemis marTva adamianis uflebata poziciidan – saxelmZRvanelo penitencialuri sistemis TanamSrom-lebisTvis. Tbilisi, 2007, gv. 146

850 saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis departamentis oficialuri statistika

851 teroristuli aqti

852 ganzraxi mkvleloba damamZimebel garemoebaSi

391

inglissa da uelsSi am kategoriis msjavrdebulTa raodneoba me-20 saukunis bolo aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi 75%-iT gaizarda, aSS-Si – 83%-iT, xolo samxreT afrikis respublikaSi – 1000%-iT. aRsaniSnavia, rom 2005 wlis sta-tistikuri monacemebiT, gaerTianebul samefoSi uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil msjavrdebulTa saerTo raodneo-bam mTeli evropis maCveneblis TiTqmis naxevari Seadgi-na.853

cnobilia, rom evropis umravles qveyanaSi msjavrde-bulTa umetesi nawili moklevadian sasjels ixdis. amis-da miuxedavad, aris qveynebi, sadac sasjelis saSualo xangrZlivoba ramdenime wels aRwevs. ukanaskneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi SeimCneva kanonmdeblobis gamkacrebisa da sasamarTloebis mier grZelvadiani sasjelis Sefarde-bis zrdis tendencia. marTalia, msjavrdebulTa saerTo raodenobis fonze, uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil msjavr-debulTa xvedriTi wili Zalze mcirea, organizaciul-me-nejeruli TvalsazrisiT maT sakmaod didi yuradReba da Zalisxmeva esaWiroebaT. am kategoriis patimrebma sas-jelaRsrulebis administraciebs, gansakuTrebiT ki, aR-mosavleT evropis saxelmwifoebSi, mravali problema gauCines. me-20 saukunis 90-iani wlebidan dawyebuli 21-e saukunis dasawyisiT damTavrebuli, aRmosavleT evropis qveynebSi etapobrivad ganxorcielda sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmeba an mis gamoyenebaze moratoriumis dadeba, rasac sasjelis umkacresi zomis saxiT Caenacvla uvado Tavisu-flebis aRkveTa. Sesabamisad, es erTgvari siaxle iyo aRmo-savleT evropis penitenciuri sistemisTvis da personali ar iyo saTanadod momzadebuli aRniSnuli kategoriis pa-timrebTan samuSaod.

uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil msjavrdebulTa kate-goria maRali riskis momcvelia. es is adamianebi arian,


392

romelTac umZimesi danaSauli aqvT Cadenili da safr-Txes uqmnian sazogadoebriv wesrigs. sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis administraciis umniSvnelovanes valdebu-lebas maRali riskis matarebeli uvado TavisuflebaaR-kveTili pirisgan sxva msjavrdebulTa da dawesebulebis personalis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa warmoadgens. Tumca, es sruladac ar niSnavs, rom isini sruliad izo-lirebuli unda iyvnen sxva msjavrdebulebisgan. gaumarT-lebelia am kategoriis msjavrdebulTa individualuri an jgufuri izolacia mxolod im motiviT, rom isini uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTas ixdian.

uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirebSi fsiqikuri daa-vadebebis warmoSobis meti riskia, vidre sxva kategoriis patimrebSi. ase magaliTad, 2004 wels aSS-Si Catarebulma kvlevam cxadhyo, rom yovel mexuTe uvado Tavisufle-baaRkveTil msjavrdebuls aReniSneboda fsiqikuri aSli-loba sasjelis moxdis sxvadasxva periodSi.854

gaeros danaSaulis prevenciisa da sisxlis samarTlis ganyofilebis 1994 wlis angariSSi, romelic uvado Tavi-suflebis aRkveTas exeba, xazgasmiT naTqvamia, rom msja-vrdebulebi, romelTac uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa miesajaT, SeiZleba ganicdidnen fsiqologiur da socio-logiur problemebs, rac SesaZloa gardaiqmnas maT deso-cializaciasa da damokidebulebaSi, rac sazianoa msja-vrdebulis janmrTelobisTvis. uvado Tavisuflebis aR-kveTas msjavrdebulze SesaZloa Rrma sociologiuri da fsiqologiuri gavlena hqondes. es erTgvarad uvado Ta-visuflebis aRkveTis ganusazRvreli bunebis Semadgeneli nawilia. stresi da nevrozi gamowveulia socialuri ur-TierTqmedebis normaluri pirobebis arsebobiTa da msja-vrdebulTa mier sxvaTa mxardaWeris SeuZleblobiT. isini moklebuli arian ara mxolod ojaxebTan da SvilebTan xSi-ri urTierTobas, aramed Svilis yolis SesaZleblobasac. droSi ganvrcobili patimrobisgan gamowveulma pasuxism-

854 iqve, g. 46–47

393

geblobis grZnobis dakargvam da damokidebulebis faqto-ris gazrdam, Sedegad SeiZleba reabilitaciisa da sazoga-doebaSi reintegraciis xelis SeSla gamoiwvios.855

uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTili msjavrdebulebi Sei-Zleba ganicdidnen gansxvavebul mopyrobasa da sasjelis ufro cud pirobebs, vidre sxva kategoriis msjavrdebu-lebi. wamebis prevenciis evropuli komitetis me-11 saer-To angariSSi aRwerilia msgavsi situaciebi, rodesac msjavrdebulebi eqvemdebarebodnen specialur akrZal-vebs grZelvadiani patimrobisTvis damaxasiaTebeli mavne efeqtebis gasaZliereblad. moyvanili magaliTebidan Sei-Zleba davasaxeloT: gancalkeveba sxva msjavrdebulebis-gan; xelborkilis dadeba saknidan gamoyvanis dros; sxva msjavrdebulebTan komunikaciis akrZalva; paemnebis maq-simaluri SezRudva.856

praqtika gviCvenebs, rom ganvrcobil da droSi ganusazRvrel patimrobas araerTxel mohyva uvado msja-vrdebulis mier suicidi. organizacia Prison Reform Trust-is mier inglissa da uelsSi Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegad da-dginda, rom suicidis maCvenebeli mamakac patimrebs Soris xuTjer metia, vidre danarCen sazogadoebaSi. kvlevam da-matebiT gamoavlina, rom patimrobaSi moxvedril mamakac-Ta mexuTeds da qalebis TiTqmis naxevars cixeSi moxve-dramde hqonda suicidis mcdeloba.857

sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis administraciam da personalma specialuri yuradReba unda miaqcios da gan-sakuTrebuli mzrunveloba gamoiCinos im msjavrdebulTa problemebis mimarT, romelTac, savaraudod, mTeli cxo-

855 Life Imprisonment, United Nations Office at Vienna, Crime Prevention and Crim-inal Justice Branch, Vienna, 1994 ix. http://www.penalreform.org/wp-content/up-loads/2013/06/UNODC-1994-Lifers.pdf 856 11th General Report of the CPT’s Activities, CPT/Inf (2001)16, paragraph 33, ix. http://www.cpt.coe.int/en/annual/rep-11.htm#–Toc523890680

857 Dead Inside, Prison Reform Trust, 2013 ix. http://www.prisonreformtrust.org.uk/ProjectsResearch/Mentalhealth/Trouble-dInside/Deadinside

394

vreba sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi unda gaataron. kerZod, maTi sasjelis moxdis dagegmva unda iyos saTana-dod dinamiuri da uflebas aZlevdes msjavrdebuls mo-nawileoba miiRos sxvadasxva saqmianobasa da programebSi, maT Soris Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi cxo-vrebisa da sasjelis moxdis pirobebis adaptaciis xel-Sesawyobad specialurad Seqmnil intervenciisa da fsi-qo-Terapiis programebSi.

saqarTvelos patimrobis kodeqsi aregulirebs uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTis aRsrulebis sakiTxebs. kerZod, uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTili piri Tavsdeba daxuruli tipis dawesebulebaSi,858 rac warmoadgens gansakuTrebu-lad dacul, rogorc SeiaraRebuli dacviT uzrunvelyo-fil, ise sasignalizacio sistemiT aRWurvil, specialuri damcavi zRudeebiT garSemortymul dawesebulebas, ro-melSic uzrunvelyofilia msjavrdebulTa mudmivi me-Tvalyureoba.859 daxuruli tipis dawesebulebaSi msjavr-debulebi ganTavsebuli arian specialur saknebSi, sadac maTi an sxva pirTa usafrTxoebis interesebidan gamomdi-nare da dawesebulebis debulebis moTxovnaTa dacvis miz-niT SesaZlebelia ganxorcieldes vizualuri an eleqtro-nuli meTvalyureoba.860 aRniSnuli SeiZleba ganxorciel-des departamentis Tavmjdomaris brZanebiT dawesebule-bis direqtoris wardginebis safuZvelze.861

patimrobis kodeqsi awesebs daxuruli tipis Tavisu-flebis aRkveTis dawesebulebidan naxevrad Ria tipis




861 saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis probaciisa da iuridiuli dax-marebis sakiTxTa ministris brZaneba #97 patimrobis, Tavisuflebis aRkveTis, Sereuli tipis braldebulTa da msjavrdebulTa dawese-bulebebis, braldebulTa da msjavrdebulTa samkurnalo dawese-bulebisa da tuberkulozis samkurnalo da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis centris debulebebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb, 30.05.2011, danarTi #2 `Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis debuleba~, muxli 19(2)

395

Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi msjavrdebulis (maT Soris uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTilis) gadayvanis SesaZleblobas, Tu msjavrdebuli sasjelis moxdis pe-riodSi keTilsindisierad asrulebs Tavis movaleobebs,862 ufro konkretulad, daxuruli tipis dawesebulebis msjavrdebulis sanimuSo yofaqcevis an/da saqmianobisad-mi keTilsindisieri damokidebulebis SemTxvevaSi dawese-bulebis administracia uflebamosilia msjavrdebulis mimarT gamoiyenos waxalisebis saxiT sasjelaRsrulebis departamentis Tavmjdomaris winaSe Suamdgomloba naxe-vrad Ria tipis dawesebulebaSi gadayvanis Sesaxeb.863 sas-jelaRsrulebis departamentis Tavmjdomare gansazRvra-vs im dawesebulebis tips da konkretul dawesebulebas, sadac msjavrdebulma unda moixados sasjeli. Sesabamisi dawesebulebis direqtoris wardginebiT msjavrdebuls ucvlis dawesebulebis tips; msjavrdebulis erTi dawese-bulebidan meore dawesebulebaSi gadayvanis brZanebas.864 kanonmdebloba ar gansazRvravs konkretul minimalur vadas, romlis gasvlis Semdeg dawesebulebis direqtors saTanado SuamdgomlobiT SeuZlia mimarTos sasjelaRs-rulebis departamentis Tavmjdomares.

msgavsad daxuruli tipis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawe-sebulebaSi ganTavsebuli sxva vadiani msjavrdebulebisa,


863 saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis probaciisa da iuridiuli dax-marebis sakiTxTa ministris brZaneba #97 patimrobis, Tavisuflebis aRkveTis, Sereuli tipis braldebulTa da msjavrdebulTa dawese-bulebebis, braldebulTa da msjavrdebulTa samkurnalo dawese-bulebisa da tuberkulozis samkurnalo da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis centris debulebebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb, 30.05.2011, danarTi #2 `Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis debuleba~, muxli 74(b)

864 saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa ministris brZaneba #176 saqarTvelos sas-jelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTx-Tasaministros sistemaSi Semavali saxelmwifo saqveuwyebo dawesebulebis - sasjelaRsrulebis departamentis debulebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb, 17.12.2012, muxli 4(2(T))

396

uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTili piri sargeblobs Semdegi uflebebiT: (a) dawesebulebis teritoriaze arsebul maRa-ziaSi kvebis produqtebisa da pirveladi moxmarebis sagne-bis SesaZenad mis pirad angariSze arsebuli Tanxidan yo-velTviurad daxarjos ministris brZanebiT gansazRvru-li limitis Sesabamisi Tanxa;865 b) 1 Tvis ganmavlobaSi hqon-des 1 xanmokle paemani, xolo waxalisebis formiT – TveSi 1 damatebiTi xanmokle paemani; g) 1 Tvis ganmavlobaSi saku-Tari xarjiT hqondes 3 satelefono saubari, TiToeuli – ara umetes 15 wuTisa, xolo waxalisebis formiT, sakuTari xarjiT − ulimito satelefono saubari, TiToeuli − ara umetes 15 wuTisa;866 d) erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi hqondes 2 xangrZlivi paemani da waxalisebis formiT – weliwadSi 1 damatebiTi xangrZlivi paemani.867 daxuruli tipis Tavisu-flebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi erT msjavrdebulze ga-Tvaliswinebuli sacxovrebeli farTi ar unda iyos 4m2-ze naklebi.868

belarusSi uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTili msjavrde-bulebi sasjels ixdian gansakuTrebuli reJimis kolo-niaSi.869 isini ganTavsebuli arian sasakne an sacxovrebeli tipis sadgomSi da atareben specialuri nimuSis tansac-mels.870 Tu uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTili piri moTavsebu-lia saknis tipis sadgomSi, rogorc wesi or msjavrdebul-ze metis erTad ganTavseba ar xdeba.871 sacxovrebeli tipis sadgomSi uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTili msjavrdebulis gadayvana SeiZleba aranakleb aTi wlis Tavisuflebis aRk-

865 ix. Tavi `patimarTa kveba~

866 muxli 65(1)


868 muxli 15(2)

869 Уголовно-исполнительные Кодексы, Уголовно-исполнительный Кодекс Республики Беларусь, статья 172(1), Донецкий Мемориал, Донецк, 2004, ст. 104870 iqve, статья 173(1)

871 iqve, статья 173(2)

397

veTis moxdis Semdeg.872 uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTili sar-geblobs weliwadSi ori xanmokle paemniTa da yoveldRiu-rad naxevarsaaTiani gaseirnebiT.873

uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil msjavrdebulTa reso-cializaciisa da sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis efeq-turad marTvis mizniT, dawesebulebis administraciam unda miiRos yvela zoma msjavrdebulTa saganmanaTleblo da dasaqmebis programebSi CasarTavad. ar arsebobs mi-zezi, romlis gamoc uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTili msja-vrdebuli ar unda CaerTos dasaqmebis, ganaTlebis, rea-bilitaciisa Tu sxva saxis programebSi. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu SezRuduli resursebia xelmisawvdomi msjavrdebulTa resocializaciis aqtivobebSi monawileobisTvis, mizan-Sewonilia prioriteti mieniWos uvado TavisuflebaaRk-veTilebs sxva msjavrdebulebTan SedarebiT. aRniSnuls ganapirobebs maTi didi xniT (xolo rig SemTxvevaSi mTeli sicocxlis manZilze), izolireba sazogadoebisa da saku-Tari ojaxebisgan. Sesabamisad, maT yvelaze metad sWir-debaT daxmareba da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis programebSi monawileoba xels Seuwyobs cixis cxovrebis mimarT adap-tirebaSi.874

saerTaSoriso dokumentTa nusxa, romlebic areguli-reben uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil msjavrdebulebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs, sul ramdenime dokuments moi-cavs; kerZod, evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis re-zolucia grZelvadiani patimrebis mopyrobis Taobaze da evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia cixis administraciis mier uvado da sxva grZelvadiani patimre-bis marTvis Taobaze.

evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis mier jer kidev

872 iqve, статья 173(3), ст. 105

873 iqve, статья 173(5)


398

1976 wels miRebuli rezoluciis erT-erT umTavres mi-zans warmoadgenda im patimarsa da masze damokidebul pi-rebze uaryofiTi gavlenis aRmofxvra da Semcireba, rac SesaZloa gamowveuli iyos grZelvadiani patimrobis aRs-rulebiT.875 marTalia rezolucia grZelvadian patimrebs exeba, me-11 punqtSi mouwodebs wevr saxelmwifoebs ana-logiurad gamoiyenon rezoluciaSi asaxuli principebi uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil msjavrdebulebTan mimar-TebiT.876

mniSvnelovani rekomendaciaa asaxuli rezolucia-Si, romelic exeba gare samyarosTan patimris kontaqtis gaZlierebasa877 da cixis dasatovebeli periodebis micemas, rogorc mopyrobis programis arsebiTi nawili.878rezolu-cia mouwodebs wevr saxelmwifoebs aRniSnuli kategoriis patimarTaTvis cixeSi Seqmnan Sesabamisi samuSao garemo da anazRaurebis adekvaturi sistema.879

rezoluciaSi Camoyalibebuli principebi safuZvlad daedo 2003 wels evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis mier miRebul rekomendacias.880 rekomendaciis preambulam gan-sazRvra misi ZiriTadi mizani dakavSirebuli patimrobis aRsrulebis balansis dacvasTan, erTi mxriv, sasjelaR-srulebis institutebSi usafrTxoebis miznebis uzrun-velyofiT, wesrigiTa da discipliniT da meores mxriv, pa-timrebisTvis misaRebi sacxovrebeli pirobebis, aqtiuri reJimisa da gaTavisuflebisaTvis konstruqciuli momza-debis uzrunvelyofiT.881

875 preambula, evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rezolucia (76)2 grZelvadian patimrebTan mopyrobis Sesaxeb, 17.02.1976, evro-pis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendaciebi sasjelaRsrulebi-sa da probaciis sferoSi, sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis saswav-lo centris gamocema, Tbilisi, 2008, gv. 200

876 iqve, punqti 11

877 iqve, punqti 7

878 iqve, punqti 8

879 iqve, punqti 4

880 Rec(2003)23, 09.10.2003

881 preambula, evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia

399

rekomendaciam Camoayaliba uvado patimrisa da gr-Zelvadiani patimris ganmartebebi. kerZod, uvado pa-timrad gansazRvrul iqna piri, romelic sasjelis saxiT uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTas ixdis, xolo grZelvadian patimrad – piri, romelic ixdis sasjels an ramdenime sas-jels, romelTa saerTo moculoba Seadgens xuTi an meti wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTas.882

rekomendaciis Tanaxmad uvado da sxva grZelvadiani patimrebis swori da efeqturi marTva damokidebulia eqv-si ZiriTadi principis ganxorcielebaze. kerZod:

(a) individualizaciis principi – mxedvelobaSi unda iqnas miRebuli gansxvavebebi uvado da sxva grZelvadian patimrobaSi myofi pirebis pirovnul maxasiaTeblebSi da unda moxdes maTi gaTvaliswineba sasjelis aRsrulebis individualuri gegmis Sedgenisas;883

(b) normalizaciis principi – cixis cxovreba ise unda moewyos, rom maqsimalurad miaxloebuli iyos sazogadoe-bis realur cxovrebasTan;884

(g) pasuxismgeblobis principi – patimrebs unda mie-ceT SesaZlebloba cixis yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi gamoi-muSaon piradi pasuxismgebloba;885

(d) usafrTxoebisa da dacvis principi – naTeli gansx-vaveba unda gakeTdes uvado patimrobaSi myofebisa da sxva grZelvadiani patimrebisgan wamosul nebismier risks So-ris, romelic mimarTulia gare sazogadoebis, sakuTari Tavebis, sxva patimrebisa da im pirebis mimarT, romlebic

Rec(2003)23 cixis administraciis mier uvado da sxva grZelvadiani patimrebis marTvis Taobaze, 09.10.2003, evropis sabWos ministr-Ta komitetis rekomendaciebi sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis sferoSi, sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis saswavlo centris ga-mocema, Tbilisi, 2008, gv. 182

882 iqve, punqti 1,

883 iqve, punqti 3,

884 iqve, punqti 4

885 iqve, punqti 5

400

muSaoben maTTan an stumroben maT;886

(e) segregaciis dauSveblobis principi – mxedvelo-baSi unda iqnas miRebuli uvado patimrebisa da sxva gr-Zelvadiani patimrebis segregaciis dauSvebloba mxolod maTi sasjelis gamo;887

(v) progresis principi – uvado an sxva grZelvadiani patimris cxovrebis individualuri dagegmva miznad unda isaxavdes progresul svlas cixis sistemis farglebSi.888

886 iqve, punqti 6

887 iqve, punqti 7

888 iqve, punqti 8

401

meaTe Tavi

kriminaluri subkultura

10.1 kriminaluri subkultura penitenciur sistemaSi

subkultura, rogorc damoukidebeli kulturuli er-Teuli sakuTari RirebulebebiTa da qcevis normebiT, ro-melic sazogadoebaSi warmoiSveba, gvxvdeba sasjelaRsru-lebis dawesebulebebSic.

patimarTa subkultura, rogorc msjavrdebulTa `mmarTvelobis organo~889 cixis `totaluri institu-ciurobis~890 pirobebSi gare samyarosgan damoukidebeli mniSvnelovnad daxvewili kriminaluri jgufia. rac ufro didia patimrebze cixis administraciidan zewola, miT ufro didia albaToba cixis SigniT Zlieri subkulturu-li jgufis Camoyalibebis.891

gratcis azriT cixis administraciis mmarTveloba patimarTa mier ar aris miRebuli, rac xels uwyobs pati-marTa Soris sapirispiro mmarTvelobis rgolebis Camo-yalibebas. `patimarTa lozungia, marTalia Tqvens xel-Sia Zalaufleba Cven aqedan (cixidan) ar gagviSvaT, magram Tqvens xelT ar aris Zalaufleba Cveni gamosworebis. rac ufro didi iqneba Tqveni zewola Cvenze, miT ufro didi iq-neba Cvengan winaaRmdegoba. yoveli Cveni Seviwroveba, aris CvenTvis gamowveva movaxdinoT misgan Tavis daRweva~.892

ervini da kresi (Irwin, Cressey) patimarTa subkulturis sam kategorias gamoyofen: kriminaluri subkultura; pa-timarTa subkultura da legitimuri subkultura:893

889 W. Gratz, Voraussetzung und Möglichkeiten wirksamer Autoritäten im Strafvoll-zug. In: Zeitschrift für Strafvollzug und Straffälligenhilfe (ZfStrVo) 1999, S. 9.890 E. Goffman, Asyle. Über die soziale Situation psychiatrischer Patienten und ande-rer Insassen. Frankfurt am Main. 1972. S. 16.891 W. Gratz, Das System Gefängnis oder: ist das Gefängnis mit System zu ändern? In: Neue Kriminalpolitik 1995. S. 31.892 W. Gratz, Voraussetzung und Möglichkeiten wirksamer Autoritäten im Strafvoll-zug. In: Zeitschrift für Strafvollzug und Straffälligenhilfe (ZfStrVo) 1999, S. 10.893 Irvin, J./Cressey, D.R., Thieves, Convicts and the Inmate Culture. Social Problems 10/1964. S. 142-155.

402

1. kriminaluri subkulturis arsi naTeli xdeba qur-debis subkulturis magaliTze. am kulturis Rire-bulebebi Seesabamebian `kai biWis~ – „right guy“ - rols da xasiaTdebian, rogorc mimdobebi. im pirebisTvis, romlebic qurdebis subkulturisken arian orien-tirebulebi unda gaaCndeT Miller-is siZliere, go-niereba da avtonomia.894 qurdebis subkulturis-Tvis damaxasiaTebelia gansakuTrebuli loialoba sakuTari jgufisadmi, miuxedavad Sida sadamsje-lo meqanizmebisa. vinaidan dapatimreba, rogorc yoveldRiuri profesiuli riski gardauvalia, su-bkulturis mizania, cixeSi drois rac SeiZleba ad-vilad gatareba.

2. patimarTa subkultura utilitarizmis centralu-ri Rirebulebis mmarTvelobis qveS eqceva, rac imas niSnavs, rom vinc met oins flobs, Tavis sakuTar angarebas optimalurad miyveba da sxva patimrebis eqspluataciis meSveobiT materialur upirateso-bebs da gavlenian poziciebs aRwevs. es subkultu-ra axalagazrda nasamarTlevi patimrebisTvis gan-sakuTrebulad pativsacemia. amave dros am subkul-turis urTierTobebi Semoifargleba ZiriTadad sapatimro dawesebulebaSi yofnis periodiT.

3. legitimuri subkultura moicavs patimrebs, romlebic orive gansxvavebul subkulturaze uars amboben. amis gamo isini maTgan izolirebuli arian. am subkulturis wevrebi orientirebuli arian miz-nebis im saSualebiT miRwevaze, romlebic cixis ga-reT legitimurad miiCneva.

ganviTareba Teorisaa, romelic xsnis Tu romeli piro-bebisgan warmoiqmneba patimarTa anu cixis subkultura da razea damokidebuli am araformaluri jgufis struqtu-ra da wevrebis organizacia da maTi subkulturis norme-

894 mileris subkulturis Teoria ix.: m. SalikaSvili, kriminologia. meore gamocema. Tbilisi 2011. gv. 53.

403

bisadmi damorCileba, cixis sociologiaSi ganmartebulia struqturul funqcionaluri warmonaqmnis CarCoebSi.895 amis dadasturebaa klemeris896 (Clemmer) klasikuri naSromi prizionizaciis da sakis897 (Syke) deprivaciis modelis Se-saxeb.

cixis subkulturis Teoriebis ganxilvamde saintere-soa patimarTa normebis da Rirebulebebis orientaciis sakiTxis ganxilva.

cixis subkulturis normad gvevlineba iseTi xasiaTis winadadebebi, romelic konkretul qcevas gamoxatavs, aRiarebs an krZalavs. rodesac Rirebulebebs da normebs ara mxolod erTi adamiani, aramed adamianebis garkveu-li jgufi aRiarebs, maSin saqme gvaqvs socialur normas-Tan, RirebulebasTan.898 cixis subkulturuli normebi am konkretuli jgufisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli da gamoxatavs im mdgomareobaSi (cixeSi) Tavis gadarCenis an mdgomareo-bis Semsubuqebis, gaumjobesebis SesaZleblobas, romel-Sic isini imyofebian. ganvixiloT yvelaze gavrcelebuli patimarTa normebi/Rirebulebebi:899

• erTad dgoma da solidarobamsjavrdebulebs Soris erTad dgoma da solidaroba

yvelaze maRali klasis Rirebulebaa. msjavrdebulebi er-Tiandebian cixis dawesebulebis administraciis (Stabis) winaaRmdeg. msjavrdebulebis lozungia: arasodes daexma-ro Stabs, Tu igi patimris interesis winaaRmdeg aris mi-marTuli! arasodes iTanamSromlo StabTan! 895 H. Klingemann, u.a., Prüfung der kulturellen Übertragungstheorie und der struk-turell- funktionalen Theorie als Erklärungsansätze für die Insassensubkultur im Ju-gendstrafvollzug. In: Kriminologisches Journal 1978. S. 142.896 D. Clemmer, The Prison Community. New York 1958.897 G. M. Sykes, The society of captives. A Study of Maximum Security Prisons. Prin-ceton 1958.898 S. Harbordt, Die Subkultur des Gefängnisses. Eine soziologische Studie zur Reso-zialisierung. Stuttgart 1967. S. 21.899 S. Harbordt, Die Subkultur des Gefängnisses. Eine soziologische Studie zur Reso-zialisierung. Stuttgart 1967. S. 22-25.

404

solidarobis mizania StabTan distanciis daWera da konfliqtis SemTxvevebSi msjavrdebulebs Soris mxar-daWeris gamoxatva. msjavrdebulebi, romlebic orienti-rebulebi arian aRniSnul lozungebze da icaven am normas, Sansi aqvT gaxdnen avtoritetebi da misabaZni sxva msjavr-debulebisTvis.

• ZalauflebaZalaufleba ganixileba rogorc saSualeba, raTa Sta-

bidan wamosuli zewola iqnas ganeitralebuli, mogerie-buli. msjavrdebuli, romelic SeZlebs gauZlos Stabis zewolas, an Stabs da sxva msjavrdebulebs sakuTari sur-vili moaxvios Tavze, SeZlebs gaxdes `damoukidebeli~. Zalauflebis demonstrirebis erT-erTi SesaZleblobaa axalbeda msjavrdebulisgan materialuri mogebis, seq-sualuri an sxvagvari upiratesobis miReba.

• simSvidesimSvide, rogorc norma Semdegnairad SeiZleba ga-

nisazRvros: 1) mSvidad iyavi. ar dakargo Tavi! nu Sexval zedamxedvelebTan da msjavrdebulebTan konfliqtSi. am normiT msjavrdebuls sasjelaRsrulebiT dawesebule-baSi arsebuli misTvis arasasurveli mdgomareobis miuxe-davad, moeTxoveba iazrovnos racionalurad da aiyvanos xelSi sakuTari Tavi; 2) ar Semawuxo. grZelvadiani Tavi-suflebis aRkveTa misjili msjavrdebulebisTvis, romel-Tac ukve daalages urTierToba StabTan mniSvnelovania, rac SeiZleba mSvid viTarebaSi moixadon sasjeli.

• mamakacurobamamakacurobis mniSvnelovani kriteriumia hetero-

seqsualuri urTierTobebi. vinaidan heteroseqsualuri urTierTobebi cixis pirobebSi SeuZlebelia, wina planze iwevs mamakacurobis sxva kriteriumebi. deprivaciis da simkacris miuxedavad ar dakargo Rirseba. mamakacuroba gamoixateba lozungebSi: ar dagimorCilon! ar aCveno si-suste! iswavle aReb-micemoba rogorc mamakacma!

405

mamakacurobis erT-erTi niSania msjavrdebulis mier sxva msjavrdebulebis mxridan Tavdasxmis mogerie-ba da araviTar SemTxvevaSi aseT sakiTxebze StabTan Ta-namSromloba.

• Tanamosaknis gafrTxilebaTanamosaknis gafrTxilebis punqtSi gamokveTilia ram-

denime msjavrdebulisTvis mniSvnelovani kriteriumi: 1) arasodes hkiTxo Tanamosaknes ra danaSaulze ixdis sas-jels; 2) Tanamosaknis mimarT ise ar warmoaCino Tavi, Ti-Tqos moralurad maszed ukeTesi iyo; 3) nu ifiqreb, rom sasamarTlo ganaCeni samarTliania. ecade sxva adamianebs daabralo Seni danaSauli; 4) arasodes aRiaro, rom cixeSi SeiZleba gamosworde.

• ndoba, loialoba, samarTlianoba, daxmarebis gawe-va.

cixis subkulturisTvis arsebobs ori klasikuri gan-martebis modeli: deprivaciis Teoria900 da kulturuli gadatanis Teoria (Deprivationstheorie und die kulturelle Übertra-gungstheorie). pirveli Teoriis mixedviT, subkulturis ar-seboba Sinagani faqtorebiT aixsneba, meore - garegani fa-qtorebiT.

10.1.1 deprivaciis Teoria

Syke-s mier 1958 wels „The society of captives“ ganviTarebu-li iqna deprivaciis Teoriis ZiriTadi Teoriuli konce-fcia. deprivaciis modeli efuZneba sasjelaRsrulebiT dawesebulebis Secnobas, rogorc totalur institucias da ganasaxierebs patimrebis reaqciis gamovlenis formebs sapatimro deprivaciis gamo. amasTan gofmanis Tanaxmad, totaluri institucia gamoixateba Semdegi niSnebiT:

1. cxovrebis yvela saqmianoba cixeSi xorcieldeba erTi da igive adgilas erTi da igive avtoritetebis mier.

900 Deprivation – aris gaWirvebis mdgomareoba, romelic warmoiqmneba izolaciis an Tavisuflebis aRkveTis gamo.

406

2. instituciis wevrebi TavianTi yoveldRiuri samu-Saos yvela fazas axorcieleben ~SemTxveviTi me-gobrebis” didi jgufis uSualo sazogadoebaSi, romelTac yvelas erTnairi moqceva xvda wilad da romlebic msgavs saqmianobas asruleben.

3. samuSaos yvela faza zustad aris dagegmili. erT saqmianobas mosdevs meore winaswar cnobili drois monakveTebis mixedviT. saqmianobis mTeli mimdi-nareoba aris zemodan formaluri wesebisa da Sta-bis (cixis administraciis) muSakebis mier winaswar dawerili.

4. gansxvavebuli iZulebiTi saqmianobebi erTiande-bian Stabis racionalur gegmaSi, romelic TiTqos-da instituciis oficialuri miznebis miRwevas em-saxureba.

patimrebi pasiurad ar eguebian dawesebulebis situa-cias, aramed maTi didi raodenoba eZebs pirobebs socia-luri interaqciis sistemis SerbilebisTvis, im mizniT raTa SezRuduli cixis cxovreba sxva formebiT daikmayo-filos.

harbordti eTanxmeba Syke-s da saubrobs 5 komponentze e.w. `pains of imprisonment~ (Tavisuflebis aRkveTis tkivil-ze), romelic patimrebs cxovrebas umZimebs. daugegmavi, arapirdapiri aucilebadi sulieri tanjva patimrebisa aris aranakleb mavnebeli. es tanjva gamowveulia sxvadasx-vagvari gaWirvebiTa da akrZalvebiT. esenia: Tavisufle-bis dakargva, materialur da aramaterialuri sikeTeebis (uflebebis) CamorTmeva, avtonomiis SezRudva, usafr-Txoebis nakleboba kriminali Tanapatimrebis mxridan Ta-vdasxmis SemTxvevaSi da heteroseqsualuri urTierTobe-bis SeuZlebloba. es 5 niSani harbortis mier Semdegnairad aris warmodgenili:901

a) Tavisuflebis dakargva

901 S. Harbordt, Die Subkultur des Gefängnisses. Eine soziologische Studie zur Reso-zialisierung. Stuttgart 1967. S. 11.

407

Tavisuflebis dakargva iwvevs patimrebisTvis socia-luri urTierTobebis radikalur SezRudvas, amasTanave socialuri rolis dakargvas, magaliTad mamis, Zmis an me-gobris rolis.

b) materialuri an aramaterialuri sikeTeebis CamorT-meva

materialuri an aramaterialuri sikeTeebis CamorTme-va bunebrivia ar Seexeba saarsebo minimums, magram TiTqmis yvela piradi sakuTrebis droebiTi dakargva da iZulebi-Ti uaris Tqma maT gamoyenebaze iwvevs gaRaribebis SegrZ-nebas.

g) heteroseqsualuri urTierTobis SeuZleblobaheteroseqsualuri urTierTobebis SeuZlebloba aris

patimrebis ZiriTadi problema. wlebis ganmavlobaSi seq-sualuri moTxovna iwvevs am dargSi fiqrebisa da SegrZne-bebis uzomo koncentracias. patimars enatreba qalis saxis danaxva da sicilis gagoneba. SiSi mamakacobis dakargvaze gavlenas axdens patimrebis fsiqikaze. amis safuZvelze ki ewyebaT homoseqsualuri midrekilebebi.

d) avtonomiis SezRudvaavtonomiis SezRudva anu patimris personaluri TviT-

gamorkveva resocializaciis TvalsazrisiT aranakleb mniSvelovani faqtoria. sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebule-bebis detalizirebuli ganawesisa da gankargulebebis Se-saxeb ar arsebobs araviTari diskusia. es emsaxureba imas, rom moxdes patimaris kontroli da misi damorCileba. yovelTvis sxva pirebi gansazRvraven Tu risi gakeTebis ufleba aqvs patimars da rodis. patimrebs eqcevian ara rogor zrdasrul pirs, aramed rogorc bavSvs, romelmac yovelTvis raRac unda iswavlos.

e) kriminali patimrebisgan usafrTxoebis naklebobadabolos, usafrTxoeba Tanapatimrebisgan sulac ar

aris yovelTvis sakmarisi. Tumca patimarTa kodeqsi pa-timrebs solidarobisken mouwodebs. magram patimarTa

408

dajgufebebs Soris Cxubi yovelTvis dgas dRis wesrigSi. amas ki Sedegad moyveba patimris sicocxlis, janmrTelo-bis da misi cixis qonebis usafrTxoebis problemebi.

aq moyvanili komponentebi patimrebze axdenen uaryo-fiT gavlenas. TavianTi moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebis arasakmarisobis gamo patimrebi ganicdian Zlier imedga-cruebas. sxvebisTvis `Tavisuflebis aRkveTis gamo tanj-vis~ safuZvelze xdeba sakuTari Rirsebis SegrZnebis Zlie-ri dazianeba. Syke-is Tanaxmad, patimars aqvs erTaderTi SesaZlebloba Tavis tanjvis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad. mas SeuZlia SeuerTdes sxva patimrebs, gamoucxados maT solidaroba da amiT Tavisi `damCagvrelebis~ anu Stabis (sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis) winaaRmdeg wavides, TviTon Seqmnas an gaerTiandes cixis subkulturaSi.

laubentali (Laubenthal) aRwers ara 5 aramed 9 kompo-nents, romlebic patimrebis deprivacias iwveven:902 avto-nomiis dakargva, droebiTi gaTavisufleba sakuTar Tavze zrunvisgan da sakuTari Tavis winaSe pasuxismgeblobis-gan, piradi sferos nakleboba, usafrTxoebis dakargva, heteroseqsualuri kontaqtebis arqona, naTesavebisgan mocileba da deprivacia sensorul sferoSi (realizaciis SezRuduli SesaZlebloba - inteleqtualuri da kogni-tiuri sicariele), drois faqtori da momavlis perspeqti-vebis nakleboba, (upirveles yovlisa grZelvadiani sasje-lebis dros).

deprivaciis Teoriis debulebaSi, rom subkulturu-li poziciebi sasjelaRsrulebiT dawesebulebaSi gamo-muSavdeba, hurlimanis (Hurlimann) mier gaTvaliswinebulia rogorc swavlebis Teoriebi.903 mas potenciur amosaval wertilad miaCnia saTerlendis diferencirebuli asocia-ciebis Teoria. hurlimanis azriT kriminaluri Sexedule-bebi warmoiqmnebian arsebul socialur sistemebSi da isi-

902 K. Laubenthal, Strafvollzug. Sechste Auflage. Heidelberg 2011. S. 112-115.903 M. Hürlimann, M. Führer und Einflußfaktoren in der Subkultur des Strafvollzugs. Pfaffenweiler 1993, S. 20.

409

ni patimarTa mier Seiswavlebian. patimrebis subkultura flobs Zalian diferencirebul ierarqiul socialur struqturas. savarudoa, rom gansakuTrebiT gavlenian pa-timrebs (araoficialur mmarTvelebs) didi raodenobiT kriminaluri energia axasiaTebT da amis Sedegad isini sxva patimrebze mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens.904

10.1.2 kulturuli gadatanis Teoria

kulturuli gadatanis (gadacemis) Teoria aris pa-timarTa subkulturis ganmartebis meore Teoriuli Se-saZlebloba. igi irvinisa da kresis mier statiaSi „Thieves, convicts and the inmate culture“ iqna ganxiluli.905 avtorTa mixedviT, patimarTa subkultura ganixileba, rogorc nawarmi socialuri dabali fenebisa, rac imas gulisxmobs, rom arsebuli subkulturuli struqturebi da normebi sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi garedan ~Seitaneba”, da igi iq ganagrZobs arsebobas.

kulturuli gadatanis (gadacemis) Teoriis mixedviT patimrebi cixemde ukve flobdnen Seswavlil da qcevis `Rirebulebebs~ da patimarTa qcevis kodeqsi aris nawili kriminaluri kodeqsisa, romelic agreTve cixis gareTac arsebobs. cixeSi msgavsi socialuri warmomavlobiT da qcevis wesebiT, warmoiSveba Sesabamisi faruli kultura~. amis gamo cixis subkultura aris ~produqti eqstramo-raluri gavlenisa da wina institucionaluri biografi-is~.

deprivaciul da kulturuli gadatanis Teoriisadmi mravali empiriuli kvleva iqna ganxorcielebuli. Tumca bevri mecnieri Tvlis, rom orive Teoriis monawileobas (kombinacias) ukeT SeuZlia subkulturis warmoqmnis axs-na-ganmarteba. maieris cixeSi ~savaWro saqmianobis” maga-

904 iqve.

905 Irvin, J./Cressey, D.R., Thieves, Convicts and the Inmate Culture. Social Problems 10/1964. S. 142 – 155.

410

liTze, naTeli xdeba deprivaciul da kulturuli gada-tanis Teoriebis kombinaciis aucilebloba:906 deprivaciis Teoria adasturebs saqonlis aralegalur brunvas mate-rialuri sikeTeebis naklebobis kompensaciis gamo. kul-turuli gadatanis Teoria ki xsnis cixeSi kontrabanduli organizaciis sistemis saqmianobas, patimarTa specialu-ri codnis (kontrabandis brunvaze) safuZvelze, romelic maT cixis gareT SeiZines da cixis pirobebSi iyeneben.

10.2 kriminaluri subkulturis ganviTarebis etapebi

penitenciur sistemaSi dRes arsebuli kriminaluri subkulturis gaazreba, SeuZlebelia misi aRmocenebisa da ganviTarebis stadiebis mimoxilvis gareSe. Camoyalibebi-sa da ganviTarebis sxvadasxva etapebis analizi mogvcems SesaZleblobas davinaxoT, TviTgadarCenis mizniT, rogor cvlida organizebuli danaSaulis es forma Tavis wesebs da normebs. amis analizi mogvcems aseve SesaZleblobas imis Sesafaseblad, rom dRevandel subkulturaSi arsebu-li normebi, organoebi da maT mier gadawyvetilebis miRe-bis wesi ar aris statikuri da nebismieri gamowvevisas ic-vlis formas. Tumca aseve SevexebiT im normebs, romlebic misi Camoyalibebis Semdgomac pirveladi saxiT aris Senar-Cunebuli.

`kanonieri qurdebis~ fenomenis da masTan dakavSire-buli subkulturis aRmocenebis da ganviTarebis stadiebi ramdenime etapad SeiZleba davyoT907:

906 Meier, A., Subkultur im Jugendstrafvollzug im Kontext von Jugendlichen-biogra-phien. In: Zeitschrift für Strafvollzugund Straffalligenhilfe (ZfStrVo) 2002. S. 140.907 g.lobJaniZe, g.Rlonti, kanonieri qurdebi saqarTveloSi, Tbili-si, 2004w. gv.41

411

10.2.1 kriminaluri subkulturis pirveli etapi – (20-50-iani wlebi) – stalinis mmarTvelobis periodi da kanonieri qurdebis pirveladi forma

am etapis danaSaulebriv samyaroSi, sawyis periodSi ga-moiyofoda 2 ZiriTadi mimarTuleba: pirveli - damnaSavee-bi revoluciamdeli staJiT, meore - pirebi, romlebic da-naSaulis gzas daadgnen sabWoTa xelisuflebis zewolis Sedegad (1917 wlis oqtombris bolSevikuri revoluciis Semdeg). am ukanasknelebs `Jiganebi~ ewodaT. `Jiganebma~ Zveli kriminaluri samyaros tradiciebi axal pirobebs miusadages908. `Jiganebma~ Camoayalibes TavianTi wesebi da `kanonebi”, romlebic im periodisTvis opoziciuri ideo-logiiT iyo gamyarebuli, kerZod:

• sazogadoebisTvis sasargeblo raime samuSaos Ses-rulebis akrZalva;

• oficialuri ojaxis Seqmnis akrZalva;• iaraRiT xelSi saxelmwifos dacvaSi monawileobis

akrZalva;• oficialur xelisuflebasTan TanamSromlobis

akrZalva;• saerTo salaroSi fulis Setanis valdebuleba.arsebiTad, es wesebi iqca pirvel nabijad axali tra-

diciebis da adaT-wesebis formirebisken, romlebmac tra-diciul atributebTan (Jargoni, Jesti) da emociur ele-mentebTan (simRera, proza, Txroba) erTad profesiuli damnaSavis arsi gansazRvra909. es aris is pirveladi wesebi, romlebic Seiqmna maSindel kriminalur samyaroSi, romel-sac daefuZna SemdgomSi `kanonieri qurdebisTvis~ damaxa-siaTebeli normebi. SemdgomSi am sakiTxebis mimoxilvisas

908 b.vodalazki, i.bakutini, danaSaulebrivi dajgufebebi, maTi we-sebi, tradiciebi da `kanonebi~, omski, 1979.

909 g.lobJaniZe, organizebuli danaSauloba da xelisufleba, quTaisi, 2010, gv. 34.

412

gamoCndeba, rom `Jiganebis~ mier Seqmnili wesebi didad ar gansxvavdeba e.w. `kanonieri qurdebis~ mier dadgenili we-sebisgan.

1929 wlidan, rodesac ssr kavSirSi represiebis axali talRa daiwyo, dapatimrebulTa raodenoba mniSvnelovnad gaizarda. Camoyalibda e.w.~gulagebis~910 sistema. dawese-bulebebSi xalxis didi masebis kontrolis mizniT, xeli-sufleba cdilobda Sida kontrolis meqanizmis Seqmnas, ris gamoc gadmoibires maSindel kriminalur samyaroSi ierarqiis qveda safexurze mdgari kriminalebi, romleb-sac ùrkiganebi~, ùrkebi~ ewodebodaT. dawesebulebis ad-ministarciebma daiwyo maTi gadmobireba, daupirispires `Jiganebs~ da garkveuli privilegiebi mianiWes911. maT dae-valaT dawesebulebebSi wesrigis damyareba. amis gamo maT hqondaT dawesebulebis teritoriaze Tavisufali gadaa-dilebis SesaZlebloba, iyvnen SedarebiT msubuq reJimSi. aseT pirebs zedmetsaxelad `blatnoe~ anu `blatianebi~ Searqves912.

ùrkebma~ saxelmwifos xelSewyobiT gaimarjves `Jiga-nebTan~ dapirispirebaSi. patimarTa am kategorias Semd-gomSi `kanonieri qurdebi~ uwodes.

`kanonieri qurdebis~ terminis warmoSobis Taobaze sx-vadasxva versiebi arsebobs. es saxeli savaraudod agenteb-ma Tavis Tavs uwodes, rac niSnavda im avtoritetis aRia-rebas, rasac dawesebulebis administracia xels uwyobda da àkanonebda~913. Tumca aRniSnuli terminis warmoSobis Sesaxeb literaturaSi aris aseve sxva mosazrebebic. erTis mixedviT aRniSnuli terminiT maSindeli sabWoTa milicia

910 termini rusul enaze ganimarteba rogorc: Гла́вное управле́ние лагере́й и мест заключе́ния - ГУЛАГ

911 g.podleskixi, a.tereSenokovi, kanonieri qurdebi: naxtomi xeli-suflebisken, quTaisi, 1995w. gv. 119.

912 g.podleskixi, a.tereSenokovi, kanonieri qurdebi: naxtomi xeli-suflebisken, quTaisi, 1995w. gv. 121.

913 iqve, gv. 119.

413

moixseniebda danaSaulebriv samyaroSi gamorCeul li-derebs, sxva versiiT termini warmoiSva TviTon danaSau-lebriv wreebSi dauwereli `qurduli kanonebis~ Seqmnis Semdeg, vinaidan am `kanonis~ damcvelebi TavianT Tavs `ka-nonier qurdebs~ uwodebdnen. aris mosazreba, rom damna-Save samyaros warmomadgenlebi TavianT Tavs `samarTlian qurdebs~, `kanonieri qurdebs~ uwodebda, rac aRniSnavda damnaSave pirs, romelic kriminaluri samyaros tradicie-biT cxovrobda914. aris aseve versia, rom `kanonieri qur-debis~ fenomenia Seqmnilia KGB-s mier da isini `kanonieri qurdebis~ meSveobiT cdilobdnen damnaSaveTa samyaros kontrols915.

Tumca faqtia, rom aRniSnuli terminis warmoSoba uka-vSirdeba pirvel rigSi e.w `gulagis~ sistemis Camoyali-bebas916. `kanonier qurdebis~ mier aRiarebuli wesebi dae-fuZna `Jiganebis~ mier Camoyalibebul pirvelad wesebs.

40-50-ian wlebSi ganxorcielda qurduli gaerTiane-bebis garkveuli transformacia. faSistur germaniasTan omSi, sajarimo batalionebSi, sasjelis Semsubuqebis miz-niT, monawileoba miiRo qurdebis nawilma, xolo meore nawilma kategoriuli uari ganacxada. bevri qurdi daiRu-pa frontze, gadarCenilTagan nawili kvlav aRmoCnda Ta-visuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebebSi da danaSaulebriv sferoSi integrireba daiwyo. amas win aRuda qurdebis is nawili, romlebmac ar uRalata `rwmenas~ (iaraRiT xelSi saxelmwifos dacvaSi monawileobis akrZalva). dabrune-bul qurdebs isini `gamyidvel Zuknebs~, `frontavikebs~, `avtomatCikebs~ uwodebdnen. am jgufebs Soris warmoiSva

914 m.SalikaSvili, kriminologia, meore gamocema, Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 96

915 iqve, gv. 96

916 g.naWyebia, g.goraSvili, g.mamulaSvili, n.Todua, r.gogSeliZe, d.sulaqveliZe, i.dvaliZe, organizebuli danaSaulis Tanamedrove ga-movlinebebis kriminalizacisa da samarTalSefardebis problemebi qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi, Tbilisi, 2012w, gv. 509-510.

414

dapirispireba, romelic `Zuknebis omis~ (`suCaia vaina~917) saxeliT aris cnobili.

frontidan dabrunebuli qurdebi cdilobdnen gar-kveuli cvlilebebis Setanas qurdul `kanonebSi~ da es ZiriTadad saxelmwifosTan saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi Ta-namSromlobas gulisxmobda. es dapirispireba efeqturad gamoiyena cixis administraciebma, waaqeza dapirispire-buli mxareebi, riTac mniSvnelovnad daasusta krimi-naluri samyaro. saboloo jamSi orTodoqsuli qurdebi nawilobriv daTmobebze wavidnen da administraciasTan TanamSromloba garkveul pirobebSi misaReb wesad iqna miCneuli. es iyo erT-erTi pirveli SemTxveva, rodesac sakuTar wesebSi ̀ kanonierma qurdebma~ cvlilebebi Sei-tanes. Semdeg etapebze kidev ganxorcieldeba cvlile-bebi sxvadasxva Sinagani Tu garegani faqtorebis zemoq-medebis Sedegad.

omis Semdgom periodSi winaaRmdegobebi kidev ufro gaRrmavda. am periodSi kriminaluri sazogadoebis zrdis gamo, qurdebis salaro, e.w. `obSiaki~ veRar akmayofileb-da qurdebis moTxovnebs, ris gamoc iZulebuli gaxdnen pa-timrebisTvis gamomuSavebuli Tanxis nawili CamoerTmiaT (pirvel etapze e.w `obSiakSi~ Tanxa ZiriTadad qurdebs SehqondaT. qvemoT am sakiTxs detalurad SevexebiT). aman ZiriTadi masis (`muJikebi~) ukmayofileba da maTTan dapi-rispireba gamoiwvia.

am periodSi gamoCnda aseve sxvadasxva saxis kriminalu-ri dajgufebebi, romlebic sxvadasxva mZime danaSaulebis-Tvis ixdidnen sasjels. am kategoriis patimrebs `gandgo-milebi~ an `poloneli qurdebi~ uwodes. isini Seecadnen qurduli kanonebi gamoeyenebinaT aseve sxva patimrebze kontrolisTvis (ZiriTadad ̀ obSiakis~ dauflebisTvis) da daupirispirdnen `kanonier qurdebs~.

am dapirispirebam aseve Seasusta orTodoqsuli qurde-

917 m.SalikaSvili, kriminologia, meore gamocema, Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 92-93

415

bis kasta. amas daemata aseve maSindeli xelisuflebis (gan-sakuTrebiT stalinis sikvdilis, 1953 wlis Semdeg). mier gadadgmuli nabijebi. 1950 wlebis bolos pirvelad Camo-yalibda sxvadasxva tipis dawesebulebebi, sadac patimre-bis ganTavseba kategoriebis mixedviT xdeboda. specialu-ri normatiuli aqtis safuZvelze918 Camoyalibda: saerTo, gaZlierebuli, mkacri da gansakuTrebuli reJimis ko-loniebi. mkacrad kontroldeboda sxvadasxva koloniebs Soris patimarTa kontaqti. es iyo aseTi saxiT patimarTa riskebis mixedviT gadanawilebis pirveli mcdeloba, ra-mac im periodisTvis garkveuli Sedegebi gamoiRo. Tumca rogorc SemdgomSi aRmoCnda, mxolod es ar iyo sakmarisi saboloo miznis misaRwevad. Tumca dawesebulebebis efeq-turad marTvis mizniT, patimarTa gadanawilebas riskebis mixedviT alternativa ar aqvs.

organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis gaaq-tiurebis mizezi iyo is rom, 40-50-ian wlebSi `kanonieri qurdebis~ organizacia didi tempebiT viTardeboda da maTma raodenobam aTass gadaaWarba. sabWoTa xelisufle-bisTvis am `elitis~ esoden swrafi zrda safrTxis Semcve-li iyo da maTi gamoyenebis pragmatuli elementi faqto-brivad aRar arsebobda919. amis gamo sabWoTa xelisuflebis mier iyo miRebuli gadawyvetileba, rom `kanonieri qurde-bis~ gavlena SeesustebinaT.

1956 wels, q. solikamskSi daarsda specialuri, gansaku-Trebuli reJimis kolonia N6, sadac `kanonieri qurde-bis~ udidesi nawili moaTavses. am kolonias xalxSi `TeTr geds~ uwodebdnen. am izolaciiT Seecadnen `kanonieri qurdebis~ gavlena sxva dawesebulebebze mniSvnelovnad SeemcirebinaT. am koloniaSi iyo sakmaod mZime reJimi, ris

918 saqarTvelos umaRlesi sabWos uwyebebi. 1971. N12

919 g.naWyebia, g.goraSvili, g.mamulaSvili, n.Todua, r.gogSeliZe, d.sulaqveliZe, i.dvaliZe, organizebuli danaSaulis Tanamedrove ga-movlinebebis kriminalizacisa da samarTalSefardebis problemebi qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi, Tbilisi, 2012w, gv. 511

416

gamoc am pirobebs `kanonieri qurdebis~ udidesma nawil-ma ver gauZlo da uari Tqva Tavis wodebaze. es nabiji Za-lian gavs ukve 2000-ian wlebSi, saqarTveloSi `kanonieri qurdebis~ winaaRmdeg brZolis im etaps, ra drosac, maTi udidesi nawili moaTavses q. Tbilisis N7 dawesebulebaSi (amJamadac am dawesebulebaSi arian ganTavsebuli), riTac moxda sxva dawesebulebebidan maTi mocileba (am sakiTxs qvemoT ufro detalurad SevexebiT).

50-iani wlebis bolos, sabWoTa xelisuflebis Sefase-biT, mTeli rigi warmatebuli operaciebis Catarebis Sem-deg, sabWoTa kavSiris samarTaldamcavma organoebma cen-tralur komitets `kanonieri qurdebis~ danaSaulebrivi organizaciis saboloo ganadgurebis Sesaxeb upataka. am gadawyvetilebas mohyva samarTaldamcavi organoebis mxri dan kriminalur samyaroze gavlenis Sesusteba, rac albaT yvelaze didi Secdoma iyo. zustad am etapze iCens Tavs am fenomenis saocari mutaciis unari. miuxedavad yvelaze mkacri da `drakonuli~ RonisZiebebisa, romelic saxelmwifom gaatara, `kanonieri qurdebis~ ZiriTadma ma-sam ara mxolod gadarCena moaxerxa, aramed SesaniSnavad Seegua axal politikur da ekonomikur pirobebs.

10.2.2 kriminaluri subkulturis meore etapi - (60-70-iani wlebi) - e.w. poststalinisturi periodi da mafiozuri tipis pirveli organizebul danaSaulebrivi jgufebi

`kanonieri qurdis~ institutis aRorZinebaSi mniSvne-lovani roli iTamaSa am periodSi samarTaldamcavi or-ganoebis iluzorulma damokidebulebam da rwmenam - sa-bWoTa kavSirSi danaSaulobis sruli aRmofxvris SesaZle-blobis Sesaxeb920.

am damokidebulebas moyva Sesabamisi organoebis aqti-

920 g.lobJaniZe, g.Rlonti, kanonieri qurdebi saqarTveloSi, Tbili-si, 2004w. gv. 55

417

vobis daqveiTeba. sauwyebo dokumentebidan amoiRes iseTi cnebebi, rogoricaa ̀ kanonieri qurdi~. aseTi saxis refor-mebma mniSvnelovnad daasusta samarTaldamcavi organoe-bis muSaobis efeqturoba. Sedegad aRmocenda `kanonieri qurdebis~ modificirebuli talRa, romelic moergo axal politikur da ekonomikur realiebs921. gansakuTrebiT saSiSi liderebis arasaTanado Sefasebam, saxelmwifos mxridan `kanonieri qurdebis~ winaaRmdeg brZolis Ses-ustebam, maT erTgvari Sesvenebis saSualeba misca, ramac `kriminalur-negatiuri~ ideologiis farTod gavrcele-bamde da qurduli moZraobis zrdis stimulirebamde mii-yvana sazogadoeba922.

`kanonierma qurdebma~ garkveuli cvlilebebi Seita-nes TavianT wesebSi. pirvel rigSi maT dasaSvebad miiCnies xelisuflebasTan TanamSromloba da ZiriTadad ekonomi-kur saqmianobaSi Tanamonawileoba. gaCnda mafiozuri ti-pis organizebuli danaSaulis niSnebi. amas xeli Suwyo sa-bWoTa kavSirSi 60-70-ian wlebSi Crdilovani ekonomikis da kriminaluri mewarmeobis gaCenam, sadac kriminaluri eli-ta am saqmianobis mfarvelad mogvevlina. danaSaulebriv saqmianobaSi CarTuli aRmoCndnen Cinovnikebi ministrebis CaTvliT. zogadad Crdilovani ekonomikis Camoyalibebas xeli Seuwyo pirveladi moxmarebis saqonelze, samrewvelo saqonelze, teqnikaze da sxva produqciaze deficitis ar-sebobam.

am procesebma gansakuTrebiT Tavi saqarTveloSi iCina, sadac Crdilovani ekonomika, spekulacia, arnaxuli koru-fcia yvaoda da saxelisuflebo struqturebis xrwna mim-dinareobda923.

`kanonieri qurdebis~ socialuri statussa da saqmiano-

921 iqve, gv. 113.

922 v.razinkini, a.tatbarini, kriminaluri samyaros elita, moskovi, 1997w. gv. 15

923 g.lobJaniZe, g.Rlonti, kanonieri qurdebi saqarTveloSi, Tbili-si, 2004w. gv. 57.

418

baSi cvlilebebi qurdul `kanonebSi~ cvlilebebs moiTxo-vda. aseTi saxis gadawyvetilebebi specialur Sekrebebze wydeboda (e.w.~sxodkebze~). sxvadasxva wyaroebi adasture-ben, rom aseTi saxis Sekreba, romelsac eswrebodnen `kano-nieri qurdebi~ da iatakqvaseTTa biznesis warmomadgenle-bi, Sedga 1979 wels, q. kislovodskSi. am Sexvedaze gadawy-da, rom `kanonier qurdebs~ biznesmenebis Semosavlidan aTi procenti mieRoT924. aseve wyaroebSi aris cnobili `ka-nonieri qurdebis~ Sekreba TbilisSi -1982 wels. rogorc cnobilia am Sexvedraze gadawyda ekomomikur da politi-kur cxovrebaSi `kanonieri qurdebis~ monawileobis saki-Txi925. am Sekrebaze gadamwyveti iyo qarTveli `kanonieri qurdebis~ pozicia926. rogorc Semdgom aRmoCnda, 1990 wle-bis dasawyisSi kriminaluri samyaros warmomadgenlebma, samwuxarod, marTlac didi roli iTamaSes saqarTvelos uaxlesi istoriis politikur cxovrebaSi.

10.2.3 kriminaluri subkulturis mesame etapi - (80-iani wlebi) organizebuli danaSaulis saboloo formireba sabWoTa kavSirSi

80-iani wlebidan sabWoTa kavSirSi iwyeba politikuri reJimis sruli degradaciis procesi. es periodi `oqros xanad~ SeiZleba CaiTvalos organizebuli danaSaulis-Tvis, gansakuTrebiT `kanonieri qurdebisTvis~. krimi-naluri samyaros organizebuli jgufebi saWiro aRmoC-ndnen sawarmoo simZlavreebis mitacebisa da marTvis, per-sonalis eqspluataciis da danaSaulebrivi gziT naSovni fulis gaTeTrebisTvis927.

924 i.kostiukovski, rusuli organizebuli danaSaulis istoria. www.narcom.ru/cabinet/online12.html.925 g.lobJaniZe, g.Rlonti, kanonieri qurdebi saqarTveloSi, Tbili-si, 2004w. gv. 67-68.


927 g.lobJaniZe, g.Rlonti, kanonieri qurdebi saqarTveloSi, Tbili-si, 2004w. gv. 114-115.

419

80-iani wlebis bolos, arsebuli monacemebiT, dana-Saulebrivi jufebis saTaveSi mdgomi pirovnebebis 80% ekonomikis sferoSi moqmedi warmoeba-dawesebulebebis xelmZRvanelebi iyvnen. maT mfarvelobas da daxmarebas danaSaulebrivi jgufebi (ZiriTadad `kanonieri qurdebi~) uwevdnen. arsebobda aseve faqtebi damnaSave elementebis sasamarTlo organoebTan urTierTobebis Sesaxeb928.

`kanonieri qurdebis~ institutis rolis gazrdisTvis gansakuTrebul impulsad mogvevlina `kooperativebis Se-saxeb~ kanonis miReba. am periodSi iwyeba Crdilovani eko-nomikis liderebis zeda fenaze amosvla. kriminalurma samyarom ZirSive moaxdina kooperatiuli moZraobis dis-kreditacia. arakeTilsindisier konkurenciis pirobebSi xelSi Caigdo TiTqmis mTliani bazari929. saxelmwifo fun-qcionirebebsa da profesiul damnaSaveebs Soris mWidro kavSiri damyarda. am procesebs Sedegad saxelmwifos ka-nonzomieri ryeva mohyva.

10.2.4 kriminaluri subkulturis meoTxe etapi (90-iani wlebi) - saqarTvelos damoukidebeli saxelmwifos Camoyalibeba da danaSaulebrivi klanebi; „kanonieri qurdebis” institutis transformirebis procesi dasavluri tipis gangsterul-mafiozur dajgufebebis msgavs kriminalur organizaciebad

es aris periodi sabWoTa kavSiris rRvevis da erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis Camoyalibe-bis, saqarTvelos damoukideblobis pirveli wlebi. am pe-riodSi sakmaod mZlavri iyo nacionalur-patriotuli

928 g.podleskixi, a.tereSonoki, kanoniri qurdebi: naxtomi xelisu-flebisken, quTaisi, 1995w, gv.166-167 - ssr kavSiris saxelmwifo uSiS-roebis komitetis Sifograma N22.07.88. negatiur procesebze Tavi-suflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebebSi.


420

moZraoba, ris gamoc xelisuflebaSi (saqarTvelos damou-kideblobis gamocxadebis Semdeg) saeWvo kvalifikaciis da reputaciis xalxi movida. sakmaod susti da jer kidev Camoyalibebis procesSi iyo saxelmwifo saxelisuflebo aparati. es aRmoCnda sakmaod xelsayreli periodi krimi-naluri samyarosTvis. `kanonierma qurdebma~ da sxva saxis kriminalurma elementebma, am periodSi Camoayalibes da-naSaulebrivi dajgufebebi. es dajgufebebi politikuri partiebis, sazogadoebebis, saZmoebis da sxva saxiT mogve-vlinen.

qarTuli kriminaluri dajgufebebi imdenad gavle-nianni gaxdnen, rom umetesi saxelisuflebo struqture-bi Caanacvles. ufro metic, 1991-92 wlebSi saxelmwifo gadatrialebis Sedegad, Zalauflebis saTaveSi aRmoCnda triumvirati (T.sigua, T.kitovani da j.ioseliani), romlis erT-erTi wevri warsulSi cnobili da gavleniani ̀ kanonie-ri qurdi~ jaba ioseliani iyo. es periodi SeiZleba Sefas-des, rogorc saxelmwifos sruli dezorganizebis perio-di, romelic xasiaTdeboda Zaladobrivi danaSaulebiT da sxvadasxva kriminaluri dajgufebebis mkveTri zrdiT930. situacia SedarebiT Seicvala 90-iani wlebis bolos 2000-iani wlebis dasawyisSi, rac SedarebiT politikur stabi-lurobaSi da kriminogenuri mdgomareobis gaumjobese-baSi gamoixateboda. Tumca qveyanaSi jer kidev sakmaod mWidro kavSiri arsebobda Cinovnikebsa da organizebuli danaSaulis warmomadgenlebs Soris da korufciasac ar-naxuli masStabebi hqonda.

10.2.5 kriminaluri subkulturis mexuTe etapi (2003-2012 wlebi) - „kanonieri qurdebi“ 2003 wlis „vardebis revoluciis“ Semdeg

`vardebis revoluciis~ Semdeg arsebiTad Seicvala saqarTveloSi saxelmwifos damokidebuleba organizebu-


421

li danaSaulis mimarT. saxelmwifos mier gadaidga mTeli rigi kardinaluri nabijebi. es politika zogadad cnobi-lia danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis `nulovani toleran-tobis~ saxeliT931. albaT naadrevia am etapze saxelmwifo politikis Sedegebis erTianad Sefaseba, vinaidan sakmaod mcire periodi aris gasuli da SemdgomSi aucilebeli iq-neba ufro siRrmiseuli analizi, Tumca aucileblad unda SevexoT mTel rig sakiTxebs, ramac arsebiTi gavlena moax-dina organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolaze, gan-sakuTrebiT penitenciur sistemaSi.

am etapze ukve SegviZlia SevafasoT, rom sakmaod efeq-turi iyo saxelmwifos mier gadadgmuli nabijebi, gansaku-TrebiT korufciasTan brZolis kuTxiT932. korumpirebu-li saxelmwifo aparati aris organizebuli danaSaulis erT-erTi ZiriTadi masazrdoebeli, ris gamoc korufciis winaaRmdeg gadadgmuli nabijis Sedegad mniSvnelovnad Sesustda saqarTveloSi `kanonieri qurdebis~ mfarvelebi da finansuri wyaro.

marto penitenciur dawesebulebaSi wesrigis damyare-bisa da policiis mier kriminalTan brZolis gaaqtiure-biT, SeuZlebeli iqneboda organizebuli danaSaulebis liderebis gisosebs miRma moxvedra, radgan, rogorc wesi, maT mier xdeboda kriminaluri aqtebis dagegmva da ara aRsruleba. Sesabamisad, 2005 wlis 20 dekembers miRebul iqna saqarTvelos kanoni `organizebuli danaSaulisa da reketis Sesaxeb~. kanoniT moxda `kanonieri qurdis~, `qur-duli samyarosa~ da `reketioris~ ganmarteba da ganisazR-vra sanqciebi saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi imave TariRiT Setanili cvlilebebiT. Sevida damatebebi samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsSi, romlis safuZvelzec

931 saqarTvelos prezidentis gamosvla parlamentSi 2006 wlis 14 Tebervals. http://www.civil.ge/geo/article.php?id=11761.

932 saerTaSoriso gamWirvaloba: 2012 wlis korufciis aRqmis in-deqsi saqarTveloSi. http://transparency.ge/post/corruption-perception-in-dex-cpi/2012-tslis-koruptsiis-aghkmis-indeqsi.

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SesaZlebeli gaxda organizebuli danaSaulebis warmomad-genelTaTvis ukanono gziT SeZenili qonebis CamorTmeva. miTiTebuli sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi, damatebiT orga-nizebuli danaSaulebis winaaRmdeg brZola da misi preven-cia, sruliad axal safexurze gadavida.

sakmaod mniSvnelovani iyo is reformebi, romlebic ganxorcielda penitenciur sistemaSi `kanonieri qurde-bis~ gavlenis Semcirebis mizniT. erT-erTi pirveli nabiji iyo yvela `kanonieri qurdis~ erT dawesebulebaSi ganTa-vseba, kerZod, Tbilisis N7 dawesebulebaSi. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, xelisuflebis mier gadadgmuli es nabiji waa-gavs 50-iani wlebis bolos sabWoTa xelisuflebis mier N6 koloniis daarsebas (e.w `TeTri gedi~) da iq yvela `kano-nieri qurdebis~ moTavsebas.

aRniSnulma RonisZiebam mniSvnelovnad Seamcira `kano-nieri qurdebis~ gavlena sxva dawesebulebebze. amis para-lelurad mTlianad qveyanaSi organizebul danaSaulTan brZolis erTianma politikam minimumamde daiyvana `kano-nieri qurdebis~ gavlena mTlianad qveyanaSi.

Tumca, aseve SeiZleba ukve iTqvas, rom `nulovani to-lerantobis~ politikam Seqmna sakmaod didi problemebi, zogadad sisxlis samarTlis politikis ganxorciele-bisTvis. am politikis Sedegi iyo cixeebis aranormaluri gadatvirTva, rac dawesebulebebSi situaciis kontrols SeuZlebels xdida. am da sxva faqtorebma (dausjelobis sindromi) xeli Suwyo arasaTanado mopyrobis faqtebs patimrebis winaaRmdeg933, ramac sabolood gamoiwvia `sis-temuri marcxi~, romelic sajarod iqna gacxadebuli 2012 wlis bolos934.

933 saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis angariSi 2011 wels saqarTve-loSi adamianis uflebaTa mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. http://ombudsman.ge/uploads/other/0/85.pdf .934 saqarTvelos prezidentis gancxadeba, 19.09.2012w. http://www.am-bebi.ge/politika/61187-mikheil-saakashvili-realurad-mokhda-sistemuri-marckhi.html.

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SeuZlebelia amave etapisTvis am periodSi gadadgmu-li nabijebi erTmniSvnelovnad dadebiTad an uaryofiTad Sefasdes. aucilebelia am periodSi saxelmwifos mier ga-dadguli yvela nabijis Sefaseba da analizi. pirvel rig-Si, rom ar moxdes `kanonieri qurdis~ institutis, zoga-dad organizebuli danaSaulobis Seufasebloba. am feno-mens, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, gaaCnia mutaciis unari, rac araerTxel daamtkica misi arsebobis sxvadasxva etapze. igi cdilobs da aqvs unari alRo auRos qveynis politi-kur da ekonomikur mdgomareobas, aiRos pauza saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, Secvalos Sida wesebi, normebi da moZebnos alternatiuli gzebi gadarCenisTvis, Semdgomi gaZlie-rebisTvis. amis naTeli magaliTia Tundac 60-iani wlebi, roca xelisuflebam `kanonieri qurdebi~ faqtobrivad damarcxebulad gamoacxada, Seasusta brZola maT winaaR-mdeg, riTac dauSva udidesi Secdoma, rac SemdgomSi naT-lad gamoCnda.

`kanonieri qurdebis~ institutis Camoyalibebis da misi arsebobis etapebis ganxilva mniSvnelovania zoga-dad am fenomenis gasaazreblad. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, SeuZlebelia am fenomenis safuZvelze aRmocenebuli su-bkultura SeviswavloT, Tu ar viciT misi warmoSobis is-toria, rogor mimdinareobda misi evolucia, sad poulob-da yvelaze met sayrdens da ra faqtobrivi garemoebebi uw-yobda xels mas arsebobis SenarCunebaSi. zustad am mizniT aris warmodgenili es mokle istoriuli mimoxlva. es in-formacia xels Segviwyobs saqarTveloSi kriminalur su-bkulturasTan dakavSirebuli sxvadasxva sakiTxebi ufro detalurad ganvixiloT.

10.3 „qurduli kanonebi“

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT e.w.~qurduli kanonebi~ pir-veladi formiT Camoayalibes `Jiganebma~ 20-ian wlebSi da es ZiriTadad opoziciur ganwyobebs gamoxatavda. 30-ian

424

wlebSi `urkebisa~ da `Jiganebis~ dapirispirebis Sedegad, rodesac dawesebulebebis administraciis xelSewyobiT gavlenisTvis brZolaSi warmatebas ̀ urkebma~ miaRwies, maT Camoayalibes e.w. `qurduli kanonebi~. savaraudod, ukve amis Semdeg iwodeba es jgufi `kanonier qurdebad~. pirve-lad Camoyalibebuli ̀ qurduli kanonebi~ Semdegi debule-bebisgan Sedgeboda935:

1. qurduli ideis erTguleba;2. samarTaldamcav organoebTan kontaqtis dauSve-

bloba;3. uari nebimieri formiT saxelmwifo struqtureb-

Tan TanamSromlobaze;4. sxva qurdebis pativiscema da Tanadgoma;5. axali wevrebis, gansakuTrebiT axalgazrdebis Car-

Tvis valdebuleba;6. politikuri moRvaweobis akrZalva;7. kontroli dawesebulebebSi, konfliqtebis garCeva,

adgilebze qurdebis Zalauflebis damyareba;8. uari Cvenebis micemaze, danaSaulis aRiarebaze;9. sakuTrebis da danazogis arqona;10. ojaxis aryola;11. perioduli patimroba;12. uari iaraRze;13. nebismier pirobebSi muSaobaze uari;14. `Jargonis~ codna;15. qurduli salaros Sevseba;16. Caweris (registraciis) arqona.`kanonier qurdebs~ sawyisi etapidanve axasiaTebdaT

aseve garkveuli Taviseburebebi936: 1. `kanonieri qurdi~ yvelafers Tavisi xeliT unda

akeTebdes;


936 g.podleskixi, a.tereSonoki, kanoniri qurdebi: naxtomi xelisu-flebisken, quTaisi, 1995w, gv.166-167 .

425

2. Semgueblobis unari (taqtikis swrafad cvla gare-moebebis Sesabamisad);

3. simkacre da angariSsworeba gandgomilebisadmi; 4. `kanonieri qurdebis~ gmiruli saxe xalxSi.SesaZlebelia aseve garkveulwilad gavmijnoT qurdu-

li da cixis kanonebi. qurduli kanonebi aris savaldebu-lo Sesasrulebeli qurdebis mier, Tumca umetesi debule-bebis Sesruleba evalebaT aseve sxva patimrebs. amitom Se-saZlebelia visaubroT calke `cixis kanonebze~937, romle-bic yvela patimarze vrceldeboda:

1. `saerTo salaroSi~ wilis Setanis valdebuleba;2. krZalavs Zaladobis gamoyenebas `kanonieri qurde-

bis~ mimarT;3. mSoblebis, ufrosebis pativiscema;4. Seurigebelia dabezRebisadmi;5. krZalavs usafuZvlod raimes warTmevas;6. krZalavs vinmes mimarT mtkicebulebebis gareSe

braldebis (pretenziis) wayenebas;7. krZalavs Seuracxyofas, ucenzuro ginebas;8. krZalavs Tavisianebis gaqurdvas;9. krZalavs oficialur organoebTan TanamSromlo-

bas.`cixis kanonebis~ dacva savaldebulo iyo, rogorc `ka-

nonieri qurdebisTvis~, aseve sxva patimrebisTvis, xolo zemoT aRniSnuli zogierTi debulebis dacva mxolod `ka-nonieri qurdebisTvis~ iyo savaldebulo. kriminaluri av-toritetebi cdiloben e.w. ̀ cixis kanonebiT~, kriminaluri subkulturis Taviseburebebis gamoyenebiT, Tavisufle-bis aRkveTis dawesebulebebSi miaRwion srul gavlenas pa-timarTa yvela kategoriaze.

Tumca, rogorc aRvniSneT, kriminaluri subkulturis arsebobis sxvadasxva etapze, `kanonieri qurdebi~ qveya-naSi arsebuli politikuri da ekonomikuri mdgomareobis Sesabamisad cvlidnen pirvelad wesebs da normebs.

937 Ю. К. александров, очерки криминальной субкултури, 2001. – 37c.

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pirveli wesi romlis Secvlac moxda iyo 40-50-ian wlebSi da Seexeboda saxelmwifo struqturebTan Ta-namSromlobas. es cvlileba gamoiwvia meore msoflio omSi `kanonieri qurdebis~ nawilis monawileobam.

daaxloebiT ukve 60-iani wlebidan `kanonieri qurde-bisTvis~ ar warmoadgenda aucilebel moTxovnas, rom mas ojaxi ar unda hyoloda da ar unda hqonoda piradi saku-Treba.

Semdegi wesi, romelic ukve 60-70 ian wlebSi Seicvala aris, ekonomikuri sargeblis miRebis mizniT saxelmwifo CinovnikebTan korufciul garigebebSi Sesvla da SeTanx-meba, rom maTgan Semosavlis 10% mieRoT. es Semosavali aramarto e.w. qurdul salaroSi Sedioda, aramed isini am Tanxebs piradi komfortisTvis da fufunebisTvis moix-mardnen. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ukve am periodidan qurdu-li cxovrebis wesi `kanonieri qurdebis~ mxridan gadaiqca angarebis SeniRbvis gansakuTrebul xerxad938.

ukve aRar warmoadgenda `kanonier qurdad~ gaxdomis-Tvis savaldebulos, rom piri patimrobaSi unda yofiliyo namyofi (SemdgomSi detalurad SevexebiT `kanonier qur-dad~ kurTxevis procedurebs).

garda amisa, 70-80 wlebSi `kanonieri qurdebis~ mier mi-Rebul iqna gadawyvetileba, Zalauflebis gamyarebis miz-niT politikur saqmianobaSi CarTuliyvnen. es yvelaferi SemdgomSi naTlad gamoCnda 90-iani wlebis dasawyisSi.

erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani cvlileba, `qurdul kanonebSi~ ganxorcielda ukve 2003 wlis Semdeg, roca or-ganizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg saxelmwifos mxridan sakmaod gabeduli da efeqturi nabijebi iqna gadadgmuli. `kanonierma qurdebma~ Secvales wesi, romelic gulisx-mobda Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmas samarTaldamcavi or-

938 g.naWyebia, g.goraSvili, g.mamulaSvili, n.Todua, r.gogSeliZe, d.sulaqveliZe, i.dvaliZe, organizebuli danaSaulis Tanamedrove ga-movlinebebis kriminalizacisa da samarTalSefardebis problemebi qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi, Tbilisi, 2012w, gv. 493.

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ganoebisTvis. am wesSi cvlileba ZiriTadad gamoiyenes im mizniT, rom maTTvis arasasurveli oficialuri Tanamde-bobis pirebi moeSorebinaT. sakmaod xSiri iyo koleqtiu-ri gancxadebebi da saCivrebi patimrebis mxridan ama Tu im Cinovnikis winaaRmdeg, sadac maT sxvadasxva sakiTxebSi debdnen brals. xSir SemTxvevaSi aseTi saxis gancxadebebi da saCivrebi usafuZvlo iyo.

gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa konkretuli magaliTi, Tu rogor moiSores q.rusTavSi erT-erTi dawesebulebis di-reqtori:

`2012 wlis cixis skandaluri faqtebis gaxmaurebis Sem-deg, qveyanaSi moxda xelisuflebis cvlileba. mTlianad Seicvala maSindeli penitenciuri sistemis xelmZRvane-loba. es periodi gamoirCeoda patimrebis mxridan xSiri saprotesto aqciebiT (umetes SemTxvevaSi samarTliani). am periodSi ukve gamoikveTa mcdeloba kriminaluri avto-ritetebis mxridan, aRedginaT Zveli gavlena dawesebule-bebSi. qveyanaSi Seqmnili politikuri situacia da sazo-gadoebaSi arsebuli ganwyobebi, kriminalurma avtorite-tebma sawyis etapze efeqturad gamoiyenes da dawesebule-bebis umravlesobaSi TavianTi gavlenis damyareba SeZles. rusTavis erT-erTi dawesebulebis axlad daniSnulma di-reqtorma uari ganacxada raime saxis garigebaSi Sesuliyo kriminalur avtoritetebTan da Seecada dawesebulebaSi daemyarebina wesrigi. misi daniSvnidan daaxloebiT 1 kvi-ris mere iwyeba am dawesebulebaSi patimarTa masobrivi protesti cixis xelmZRvanelis mimarT. mas brali dasdes patimrebis mimarT arasaTanado mopyrobaSi da muqaraSi. patimrebis mxridan daiwera koleqtiuri saCivrebi am pi-rovnebis mimarT. penitenciuri administraciis maSindel-ma xelmZRvanelobam saCivrebSi dafiqsirebuli faqtebis dadgenamde droebiT SeuCera direqtors uflebamosileba (rac albaT Secdoma iyo). direqtorma SemdgomSi datova Tanamdeboba, xolo saCivrebSi aRniSnuli faqtebi ar da-

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dasturebula. am patara warmatebis Semdeg, am dawesebu-lebaSi, SemdgomSi ukve axali administraciis kontroli minimumamde iyo dayvanili. dawesebulebaSi yvelafers akontrolebdnen kriminaluri avtoritetebi, e.w. `mayure-blebi~. SedgomSi situacia imdenad damZimda am dawesebu-lebaSi, rom 2013 wlis dasawyisSi, droebiT, saerTod daxu-res es dawesebuleba da patimrebi sxva dawesebulebebSi gadaanawiles. sxva nabijebi faqtobrivad araefeqturi gamodga~.

`kanonieri qurdebis~ instituti pirveladi formidan, etapobrivad gardaiqmna klasikur kriminalur-mafiozur dajgufebad. Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom zogierTi nor-mebi, romlebic Tavdapirvel etapze Camoyalibda, dRes-ac imave formiT arsebobs. kerZod: 1. zogadad qurduli ideebis erTguleba; 2. samarTaldamcav organoebTan Ta-namSromlobis dauSvebloba. (Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom uamravi wyaro adasturebs im faqts, rom `kanonieri qur-debis~ umravlesoba samarTaldamcav organoebTan aqtiu-rad TanamSromlobda); 3. TavianT wreebSi axali wevrebis, gansakuTrebiT axalgazrdebis CarTvis valdebuleba. es faqti aixsneba ZiriTadad imiT, rom aucilebelia `momava-li Taobis~ aRzrdaze zrunva; 4. uari Cadenili danaSaulis aRiarebaze; 5. nebismier pirobebSi muSaobaze uaris Tqma; 6. qurduli salaros (e.w. `obSiakis~) Sevseba.

Tu mivaqcevT yuradRebas ZiriTadi cvlilebebi, rac am wesebSi ganxorcielda, umetes SemTxvevaSi Seexeba pi-radad `kanonier qurdebs~. es cvlilebebi naklebad aisaxa e.w. `cixis kanonebze~, romlebic yvela patimrisTvis aris savaldebulo Sesasrulebeli. amis mizezi upirveles yo-vlisa aris kontrolis da gavlenis SenarCunebis mcdelo-ba patimrebze. Tu garkveuli cvlilebebi Seexo zogadad patimrebsac, mxolod e.w. `qurdul kanonebSi~ cvlilebis Setanis gamo (mag. Cvenebis micema) da im mizniT, rom Zalau-fleba SeenarCunebinaT.

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10.4 „qurduli sanqciebi“

rogorc yvela kanonis darRvevisTvis, aseve `qurduli kanonebis~ darRvevisTvis Tavidanve Camoyaliebebuli iyo garkveuli sanqciebi. es wesebi, sxva wesebis msgavsad, dro-Ta ganmavlobaSi saxecvlilebas ganicdida. sanqciebidan SeiZleba gamovyoT uSualod `kanonieri qurdis~ winaaR-mdeg rogori saxis sanqciebi gamoiyeneba da zogadad sxva patimrebis mimarT, romlebic am rangs ar ganekuTvnebian. `kanonieri qurdebis~ mimarT gamoiyeneba939:

1. saxalxod silis gawvna - es SeiZleba mxolod qurd-ma gaakeTos, ZiriTadad usafuZvlo Seuracxyofis-Tvis;

2. `yurebSi Cartyma~, `gaCereba~ - am dros gadahyavT ufro dabal kategoriaSi, e.w. araqurduli saqcie-lis gamo, araqurdad acxadeben;

3. sikvdili - mxolod ukidures SemTxvevaSi, saerTo krebaze `sxodkaze~ `kanonieri qurdebis~ mier miRe-buli gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze.

`kanonieri qurdis~ statusis SeCerebis Taobaze doku-menturi faqtis moZieba SesaZlebelia internet sivrceSi. videoCanawerebi exeba sxvadasxva `kanonieri qurdis~, e.w. `gaCerebas~, araqurdad gamocxadebas, romelic q.Tbili-sis N7 dawesebulebaSi aris gadaRebuli. udavoa, rom am videoebis gasajaroeba xelisuflebam ganaxorciela `ka-nonieri qurdebis~ institutis diskreditaciis mizniT940. `kanonieri qurdis~ statusis gaCereba SeuZlia mxolod `kanonier qurdebs~ `sxodkaze~ da aucilebelia amis deta-lurad dasabuTeba.

sxva danarCeni damnaSaveebis mimarT arsebobs sxvadasx-va saxis sanqciebi, romlebic gamoiyeneboda sawyis etapze: 1. cema; 2. mamaTmavlobis Zaladobrivi aqti - yvelaze da-


940 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PxxJhhjzxB0. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WdOq7XJWl0Q. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpXxBRT3FMQ.

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mamcirebel jgufSi gadayvana (e.w. `qaTmebSi~); 3. dakavebu-li statusis CamorTmeva, (yurebSi Cartyma) - ufro dabal kategoriaSi gadayvana; 4. parafini, mamaTmavlobis simbo-luri aqti; 5. xelebis (fexebis) damtvreva; 6. e.w. `fufli-Jnikad~ gamocxadeba - gamoiyeneba im pirTa mimarT, vinc waago azartuli TamaSis dros da ver gadaixada droulad; 7. sikvdili - sakmaodi iSviaTad gamoiyeneboda da isic sak-maod uxeSi darRvevisTvis da amisTvis mxolod `kanonieri qurdis~ Tanxmoba iyo saWiro.

unda aRiniSnos, rom dResdReobiT zogierTi sanqcie-bi aRar aris miCneuli bolomde misaRebad. es exeba mamaT-mavlobis Zaladobriv da simbolur aqtebs. Tumca arc Tu iSviaTad msgavsi faqtebi isev fiqsirdeba praqtikaSi. ma-galiTad:

`2011 wels erT-erT penitenciur dawesebulebaSi pati-mar X-s, visi `gafuWebac~ undodaT, Zilis dros patimarma Y-ma tuCebze daado `sasqeso organo~. am faqtis safuZvel-ze patimar X-s Seecvala statusi da daqveiTda `qaTmebis~ kategoriaSi. patimar Y-s SemdgomSi sxva ufro avtorite-tulma patimrebma pasuxi moTxoves da isinic `qaTmebis~ ka-tegoriaSi daaqveiTes. Tumca aman ver Secvala patimar X-s statusi~.

dResdReobiT praqtikaSi sakmaod xSirad gamoiyeneba sanqciis saxe, e.w. `dayeneba~. es SeiZleba garkveulwilad iyos `yurebSi Cartymis~ analogi. am sanqciis gamoyeneba xdeba sxvadasxva saxis araswori saqcielis gamo. damsjeli SeiZleba iyos mxolod kriminaluri avtoriteti e.w. `ma-yurebeli~ an `mayureblebi~. am dros damnaSaves ar aqvs winaaRmdegobis gawevis ufleba. `dayenebis~ dros `mayu-rebeli~ mxolod ramdenimejer urtyavs xels damnaSaves. am dros ar xdeba cema klasikuri gagebiT. ar SeiZleba `ma-yurebelma~ gamoiyenos am dros dartymisTvis raime nivTi, ufro metic dartymis dros xSir SemTxvevaSi beWedsac ki ixnian, rom mxolod sufTa xeli moxvdes. `dayenebis~ dros xSir SemTxvevaSi xdeba mxolod damnaSavis dasja da mis

431

statusSi raime cvilebebi ar xdeba. Tumca SesaZlebelia statusSic ganxorcieldes cvlileba.

sufTa xeliT dartyma unda moxdes aucileblad ̀ kai bi-Wis~ mier, xolo Tu isjeba ierarqiis qveda safexurze myo-fi piri, magaliTad e.w. `qaTami~ (qvemoT ganvixilavT), ro-gorc wesi, mas piriqiT, sufTa xeliT ar exebian da fexiT an raime nivTis gamoyenebiT sjian. magaliTad - `erT-erT penitenciur dawesebulebaSi mayurebeli dasjis mizniT qaTmebs cemda xis Ziriani CustebiT da e.w. `driniT~ 941.

dResdReobiT sakmaod xSirad gamoiyeneba aseve cema da e.w. `dalewva~, igive xelebis (fexebis) damtvreva sxvadasx-va darRvevebisTvis. am sasjelis aRsrulebaSi SeiZleba monawileoba miiRos `mayureblis~ garda sxva kategoriis patimrebmac. unda aRiniSnos, rom gadawyvetilebas sanq-ciebis gamoyenebis Taobaze, dResdReobiT umetes SemTx-vevebSi iReben kriminaluri avtoritetebi - `mayureble-bi~. amis ZiriTadi mizezi aris is, rom `kanonieri qurdebi~ aRar arian dawesebulebebSi da am kuTxiT es funqcia `ma-yureblebma~ SeiTavses.

10.5 „kanonier qurdad“ kurTxeva - „naTloba“

`kanonier qurdad~ CamoyalibebisTvis droTa ganmavlo-baSi Camoyalibda qurduli samyaros erT-erTi mniSvnelo-vani rituali, `kanonier qurdad~ kurTxeva942. Znelia imis Tqma, Tu rodis Camoyalibda zustad es tradicia, Tumca zogierTi avtoritetuli `kanonieri qurdi~ saqarTvelo-Si, magaliTad jaba ioseliani saerTod uaryofda im fa-qts, rom sawyis etapze raime saxis ritualebi sruldebo-da943. Tumca amis sapirispirod metyvelebs uamravi faqti,

941 drini - sxvadasxva nivTisgan damzadebuli xelketi.


943 Jurnal `reitingis~ statia, Tbilisi, 10.03. 2003w. http://www.reitingi.ge/aqtualuri-sakhe/1511-ratom-gakhda-jaba-ioseliani-qurdi-dis-ertacia-thurme-chemma-dam-damitsera.html?lang=ka-GE.

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romlebic sxvadasxva wyaroebSia miTiTebuli.`kanonier qurdad~ kurTxevis ritualSi, qurdad gax-

domamade, kandidats uwodeben e.w. ~palaJenecs~, `mayure-bels~, `momavals~. `mayurebeli~, `palaJeneci~, rogorc wesi, qurdad gaxdomamde gansazRvrul teritorias (dawe-sebulebas) akontrolebs `kanonieri qurdis~ mfarvelo-bis qveS. maT zog SemTxvevaSi `Tavadebs~, `Tamadas~ uwode-ben qarTul sinamdvileSi. rac Seexeba termins `momavali~, amis terminis qveS zogadad momavali `kanonier qurdi~ igulisxmeba. aris aseve SemTxvevebi, rodesac `kanonier qurdebs~ moixsenieben, rogor `mamao~, rac saqarTveloSi arsebuli qristianuli, gansakuTrebiT marlTmadideblu-ri kulturis arsebobis gamo unda iyos gamowveuli.

`kanonier qurdad~ kurTxevisTvis, rogorc wesi, saWi-roa pirs gavlili hqondes 3 wliani gamosacdeli vada da saWiroa 2 an 3 kanonieri qurdis rekomendacia. rekomenda-tori garkveulwilad pasuxs agebs Tavis kandidatze. `ka-nonier qurdad~ kurTxeva xdeba qurdebis saerTo Sekrebe-bze, e.w. `sxodkebze~.

rekomendaciis gawevis wesi gamoiyeneba dResdReobiT ukve `mayureblebis~ mimarTac. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT saxelmwifos mier gatarebuli reformebis Sedegad `kano-nieri qurdebi~ faqtobrivad aRar arian dawesebulebebSi da maT funqcias iTavseben `mayureblebi~. im SemTxvevaSi Tu `mayurebeli~ Tavisufldeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebidan an gadadis sxva dawesebulebaSi, igi val-debulia datovos memkvidre, vinc igive funqcias Seasru-lebs. manamde es kandidati `mayurebelma~ unda dauxasia-Tos da SeuTanxmos `kanonier qurds~ da aiRos masze pasu-xismgebloba. `kanonieri qurdisTvis~ kandidatis SeTanx-mebas `mayureblebi~ dResdReobiT ZiriTadad satele-fono saubrebiT axerxeben. amJamad `kanonieri qurdebis~ ZiriTadi nawili saqarTvelos farglebs gareT imyofeba.

aris kategoria patimrebisa, romlebic `kanonieri qur-

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debi~ verasodes ver gaxdebian (`qaTmebi~, `fufliJnikebi~, `bezpredelSikebi~, `gaqceulebi~, `gadaketilebi~, yofi-li Cinovnikebi, Zalovani struqturis warmomadgenlebi), maSin rodesac arsebobs ierarqiaSi qveda fena (mag. `pa-tiosnebi~) romlebsac `karieruli winsvlis SesaZlebloba aqvT~. zemoaRniSnuli kategoria, aseve ver gaxdeba `mayu-rebeli~.

ukanasknel periodSi, gansakuTrebiT 90-iani wlebidan `kanonier qurdad~ kurTxevis ritualma diskreditacia ganicada. dafiqsirda SemTxvevebi, roca zogma qarTvelma `kanonierma qurdebma~ es tituli mosyidviT miiRes. xSiri aris SemTxvevebi, roca `kanonier qurdad~ akurTxes iseTi adamianebi, romleTac cixe saerTod ar unaxavT944 (manamde patimroba erT-erTi mTavari piroba iyo `kanonier qur-dad~ gaxdomisTvis). sainteresoa aseve qarTveli `kano-nieri qurdebis~ Tavisebureba qurduli dinastiebis, qur-duli ojaxebis Seqmnis kuTxiT. mag. gardacvlil kanonier qurd jemal (arsena) miqelaZis orive vaJi - mamuka da jema-li qurdebi gaxdnen945; `kanonieri qurdebi~ arian Zmebi kaxa da laSa SuSanaSvilebi da a.S.

garda amisa, ZiriTadad adre miCneuli iyo, rom `kur-Txevis~ rituali ar SeiZleboda Sesruldes mimoweriT an komunikaciis sxva saSualebiT. Tumca dResdReobiT fiq-sirdeba sxvadasxva faqtebi, gansakuTrebiT bolo period-Si, `kanonieri qurdis~ skype-iT `monaTvlis~ Sesaxeb946, rac ar unda Zalian gasakviri iyos am fenomenis adaptaciis unaridan gamomdinare.

944 g.naWyebia, g.goraSvili, g.mamulaSvili, n.Todua, r.gogSeliZe, d.sulaqveliZe, i.dvaliZe, organizebuli danaSaulis Tanamedrove ga-movlinebebis kriminalizacisa da samarTalSefardebis problemebi qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi, Tbilisi, 2012w, gv. 486.


946 http://www.internet.ge/?l=GE&m=6&sm=0&ID=12138.

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10.6 ierarqia

kriminalur subkulturaSi arsebobs ierarqia, rome-lic funqciurad anawilebs rolebs mis wevrebs Soris. ra-sakvirvelia `kanonier qurdebs~ danaSaulebrivi ierarqi-is yvelaze maRali safexuri ukaviaT. es ierarqia yvelaze kargad Cans penitenciur sistemaSi, sadac funqciebis ga-danawileba am wevrebs Soris samTavrobo dawesebulebebis struqturas mogvagonebs. Tumca am ierarqiam, kriminalu-ri subkulturis Camoyalibebis Semdeg garkveuli cvli-lebebi ganicada, gansakuTrebiT im ukve 2000-ian wlebSi organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg saxelmwifos mier gadatarebuli politikis Sedegad, ris Semdegac `kanonie-ri qurdebi~ penitenciur dawesebulebebSi (garda iSviaTi gamonaklisisa) aRar imyofebian. Tumca saintereso iqneba ganvixiloT, sawyis etapze ra saxis iyo es ierarqia, ra Sei-cvala, ram ganicada transformacia da dRes ra formiT aris faqtobrivad Camoyalibebuli. cixis ierarqia Sei-Zleba Semdegi saxiT CamovayaliboT947:

`kanonieri qurdebi~rogorc ukve aRvniSneT qurdebi warmoadgenen ierar-

qiis umaRles safexurze myof pirebs. miuxedavad imisa, rom dResdReobiT penitenciuri sistemis dawesebulebeb-Si aRar imyofebian qurdebi, isini mainc axerxeben miTiTe-bebis micemas ierarqiis qveda rgolSi myofi pirebisTvis sxvadasxva komunikaciis saSualebebiT da ZiriTadad sa-qarTvelos farglebs garedan.

`blatnoebi948~, `kai biWebi~maT adre aseve eZaxdnen `faxanebi~, `bugrebi~, `Sersti~.

dResdReobiT saqarTveloSi es terminebi naklebad gamoi-



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yeneba. es aris danaSaulebrivi samyaros erTgvari `mini elita~ dawesebulebebSi. dResdReobiT am kategorias sa-qarTveloSi ZiriTadad eZaxian `blatnoes~ da `kai biWebs~. aRsaniSnavia, rom `kai biWis~ instituti SeiZleba vTqvaT iseTive doziT aris gavrcelebuli cixis gareTac, Tumca cixeSi maT ierarqiulad sul sxva funqcia gaaCniaT. es aris is kategoria, romlTa umravlesobas aqvT imis pretenzia, rom gaxdnen ̀ kanonieri qurdebi~. im pirebs, romlebic aSka-rad afiqsireben `kanonieri qurdobis~ survils, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT `momavalsac~ uwodeben. `blatnoe~ `kano-nier qurdad~ kurTxevis Semdegac `blatnoed~ rCeba949.

`palaJenecebi~, `mayureblebi~es aris `blatnoebis~, `kai biWebis~ kategoria, romleb-

sac dawesebulebebSi mTliani an garkveuli nawilebis ze-damxedvelebi arian. dResdReobiT termini `palaJenecic~ gamoiyeneba, Tumca am kategoriis mimarT ZiriTadad ter-mini `mayurebeli~ gamoiyeneba.

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT `mayureblebis~ roli mniSvne-lovnad gaizarda `kanonieri qurdebis~ izolirebis Sem-deg. TiTqmis yvela dawesebulebaSi aris `mayurebeli~, romlebic erTgvarad `kanonieri qurdebis~ funqcias as-ruleben. isini mudmivad cdiloben SeinarCunon kavSiri gareT `kanonier qurdebTan~ da sxvadasxva sakiTxebze pe-riodulad gaiaron konsultaciebi da miiRon miTiTebebi.

`mayureblebs~, rogorc wesi, hyavT erTi an ori TanaSe-mwe. aseve isini cdiloben dawesebulebebSi yvela seqtorSi daamyaron kontroli. isini e.w. `kai biWebs~ iyeneben mxo-lod am funqciebis Sesasruleblad, maTac xSir SemTxveva-Si `mayureblebs~ eZaxian, romlebic raRac seqtors akon-troleben. aseTi saxis `mayureblebi~ ganawilebulni arian sacxovrebeli korpusebis mixedviT, saknebSi, sasadiloSi, samedicino punqtSi, sawarmoo zonaSi da saganmanaTle-blo-sareabilitacio programebSi (amis arsebobis SemTx-

949 iqve, gv. 97

436

vevaSi). ufro metic aris patimarTa kategoria, romlebic akontrolebs dawesebulebis administraciis warmomadge-nelTa gadaadgilebas, morigeoben Rame. maT detalurad aqvT Seswavlili TanamSromelTa morigeobis yvela cvla, ician romeli TanamSromlebi arian ufro yuradRebianebi, romlebi naklebad. isini aseve cdiloben TanamSromlebis biografiis Seswavlas da maTTan kontaqtze gasvlas sxva-dasxva gzebiT, maTgan raRac sargeblis miRebis mizniT. ma-galiTad:

`patimarTa gakveuli kategoria cdilobs dawesebu-lebis TanamSromelTa e.w. `damuSavebas~. pirvel etapze gansakuTrebiT axal TanamSomlebTan cdiloben megobru-li urTierTobis awyobas. ekiTxebian - ra ubneli xar? sad cxovrob? am adamians icnob? d a.S. amiT cdiloben saerTo nacnobis da saerTo Sexebis wertilis povnas, romlis meS-veobiT Seecdebian SemdomSi am adamianze gavlenis moxde-nas. gavlenis moxdenis mizania akrZaluli nivTis Semota-na, informaciis gadacema/miReba sxva pirebze da a.S.~

`mayureblebi~ mudmivad akontroleben, imyofeba Tu ara dawesebulebis xelmZRvaneloba dawesebulebaSi. maga-liTad:

`romelime naxevrad Ria (zonis) tipis dawesebuleba-Si Sida perimetrze administraciis warmomadgenlis Ses-vlisas, patimrTa garkveuli raodenoba iwyebs stvenas, romelic yvela seqtorze vrceldeba. amis mizania gaage-binon patimarTa umavlesobas, rom administraciis warmo-madgenlebi Semovidnen teritoriaze da yuradRebiT unda iyvnen~.

`mayurebelebs gansazRvruli hyavT patimarTa katego-ria, vinc Tvalyuri unda adevnos dawesebulebis xelmZR-vanelobis gadaadgileba. isini ganawilebili arian poste-bze. magaliTad: sacxovrebeli teritoriis Semosasvlel-Si, sadac kargad Cans dawesebulebaSi Semomsvlel pirTa vinaoba; romelime sakanSi, saidanac kargad Cans dawesebu-lebis teritoria da a.S.~

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funqciebis aseTi saxis ganawilebis mizania dawesebu-lebis yvela seqtorSi SeinarCunon gavlena da daamyaron Taviseburi wesrigi. didi mniSvneloba aqvs am dros admi-nistraciis pozicias. Tu dawesebulebis administracia am process xels ar uwyobs da cdilobs xeli SeuSalos, ̀ mayu-reblebi~ ver axerxeben yvela seqtorze gavlenis SenarCu-nebas. Tumca administraciis Zalisxmevis miuxedavad, xSir SemTxvevaSi, rTulia dawesebulebis zogierT seqtorze funqciebis aseTi ganawilebis aRkveTa. magaliTad:

`saknis da korpusis mayurebeli administraciis xel-Sewyobis gareSec iarsebebs, rTulia amis kontroli~.

`mayureblis~ funqcias warmoadgens dawesebulebaSi axali patimris miRebisas misi identificireba, Tu ra ka-tegorias warmoadgens da SemdgomSi misi ganawileba fun-qciurad da sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. magaliTad:

`dawesebulebaSi patimris miRebisas mayurebeli Ta-naSemweebTan erTad mas xangrZlivi periodis ganmavloba-Si esaubreba. saubari mimdinareobs erTgvarad jvaredini dakiTxvis reJimSi, cdiloben am adamianis gatexvas da mis-gan informaciis miRebas, warsuli periodis ganmavlobaSi raime saxis araqurduli saqcieli xom ar Caudenia~.

unda aRiniSnos is faqti, rom `mayureblebis~ arseboba da maT mier dawesebulebis sxvadasxva seqtorSi kontro-lis daweseba ZiriTadSi administraciis pirdapiri an iri-bi TanxmobiT xorcieldeba. magaliTad:

`dawesebulebis administracia faqtobrivad emorCi-leba cixeSi arsebul ierarqias da am ierarqiis mixedviT axorcielebs patimarTa gadanawilebas sacxovrebeli sa-dgomebis mixediT. patimris statuss ierarqiaSi, rogorc aRvniSneT, gansazRvravs mayurebeli. dawesebulebis ad-ministracia TviTonve cdilobs patimrebis kategoriebis mixedviT identificirebas maTive usafrTxoebis mizniT, Tumca saboloo gadawyvetilebas statusis gansazRvris Taobaze mayureblebi iReben~.

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erT-erTi mTavari funqcia, rac mTavar `mayurebels~ akisria aris mediatoris roli patimrebsa da administra-cias Soris. patimarTa ZiriTadi nawilis Txovna da mo-Txovnebi administracias ̀ mayureblebis~ meSveobiT miewo-deba. Txovnebis sapasuxod `mayurebeli~ administracias pirdeba kontrols da wesrigs dawesebulebaSi, risi Se-saZleblobac rogorc aRvniSneT maT gaaCniaT. magaliTad:

`mayureblebi administracias pirdebian, rom dawese-bulebis administraciisTvis iseTi mniSvnelovani funq-ciebi, rogoric aris Semowmeba, Cxreka uproblemod Catar-deba, daaregulireben patimrebs Soris arsebul konfliq-tebs da a.S. amis safasurad `mayureblebi~ xSir SemTxvevaSi garkveul privilegiebs iTxoven. privilegia pirvel rigSi gulisxmobs dawesebulebis teritoriaze Tavisuflad ga-daadgilebas (amas ZiriTadad imiT asabuTeben, rom wesri-gis dasamyareblad WirdebaT), akrZaluli produqtis mi-Rebas, akrZaluli nivTebiT sargeblobas da a.S~.

patimarTa ierarqia sakmaod kargad aisaxeba aseve sak-nebSi maT ganlagebaze. `mayureblis~ sawoli, rogorc wesi, aris fanjarasTan axlos, maSin roca ierarqiaSi yvelaze dabali safexurze myofi piris sawoli iqneba tualetTan (`paraSasTan~) axlos. ufro metic arsebobs ̀ mayureblebis~ saknebi, romlebic, rogorc wesi, aris gamorCeuli nivTe-biT, avejiT da mowyobiT (Tu administracia amis uflebas aZlevs). albaT bevrs axsovs orTaWalaSi N5 sapyrobileSi faqtobrivad 2005 wlamde `kanonieri qurdebis~ cnobili sakani 4.9. (es iyo saknis nomeri). mis gauqmebamde am sakanSi iyo dagebuli laminati, gakruli iyo Spaleri, edgaT maci-vari da hqondaT sxvadasxva nivTebi. es sakani Signidan sak-nis asociacias faqtobrivad ar tovebda.

Tu davakvirdebiT ̀ ,mayureblis~ funqcia da roli emya-reba Tavis droze `urkebisTvis~, `blatnoebisTvis~, (Sem-dgomSi ukve `kanonieri qurdebi~) administraciebis mier jer kidev 30-ian wlebSi miniWebul funqciebs. maT eniWe-bodaT garkveuli privilegiebi (maT Soris dawesebulebis

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teritoriaze Tavisufali gadaadgileba), dawesebulebaSi sxvadasxva kategoriaze kontroli da zogadad wesrigis dacva dawesebulebaSi.

`muJikebi~950, `patiosnebi~es aris albaT erT-erTi yvelaze didi fena patimrebi-

sa da albaT yvelaze Rirseulic, romelic dawebulebaSi imyofeba. es kategoria sakmaod pativiscemiT sargeblobs dawesebulebaSi da maT erTgvari avtoritetic gaaCniaT. eseni ar arian e.w. `elita~ (`kai biWebi~, `blatnoe~) da amis gamo maT ar aqvT ufleba Caerion qurduli sakiTxebis ga-dawyvetaSi. unda aRiniSnos, rom `muJikebs~ Tavis droze eZaxdnen maT, vinc gamosworebis gzaze dgas, keTilsindi-sierad muSaobs da ar Sedis dawesebulebis personalTan konfliqtSi. `muJikebi~, igive `patiosnebi~, rogorc wesi, ar monawileoben qurduli sakiTxebis gadawyvetaSi, Tumca zog SemTxvevebSi maT SeiZleba mouwioT `mayureblis~ mi-TiTebis Sesrulebac. dResdReobiT am kategorias ZiriTa-dad `patiosnebad~ moixsenieben.

`xarebi~, `pexota~es aris kategoria, romlebic SeiZleba iTqvas sanq-

ciebis pirdapiri Semsruleblebi arian. maT aseve jaris-kacebsac uwodeben. am kategoriSi SeiZleba `kai biWebic~ iyvnen da aseve qveda fenis warmomadgenlebic. qveda fenas (`kozlebi~, `bozebi~, `nabozvrebi~, `qaTmebi~) xSir SemTx-vevaSi Savi samuSaos Sesasruleblad iyeneben. magaliTad:

`pexotas SeiZleba mieceT miTiTeba administraciis warmomadgenels fizikuri an sityvieri Seuracxofa miaye-non, daazianon raRac nivTebi, daamzadon akrZaluli niv-Tebi da a.S~.

`patiosnebis~ gamoyeneba aseTi saxis samuSaos Sesasru-leblad, rogorc wesi, rTulia. konkretul pirovnebebzea damokidebuli. Tumca xazi unda gavusvaT, rom `qurduli

950 m.SalikaSvili, kriminologia, meore gamocema, Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 97.

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sanqciebi~ mxolod `kai biWma~, `blatnoem~ SeiZleba aRas-rulos. termini `xarebi~ qarTul sinamdvileSi faqtobri-vad aRar gamoiyeneba.

`kozlebi~951, `apuSeni~952, `bozebi~, `nabozvrebi~, `ga-qceulebi~, `gadaketilebi~

es terminebi umetes SemTxvevaSi erTmaneTis sinonime-bia. es aris erT-erTi yvelaze dabali fena patimrebisa. es aris kategoria, vinc mxilebulia samarTaldamcav or-ganoebTan TanamSromlobaSi, vinc ver gadaixada wagebuli Tanxa (e.w. `Tavani~), yofili `kai biWebi~ da `patiosnebi~, romlebmac daarRvies `qurduli kanonebi~ da ierarqiis qveda safexurze gadainacvles. am kategoriis adamianebi xSir SemTxvevaSi arian izolirebuli maTive usafrTxoe-bis mizniT. maT e.w. qurdul sakiTxebSi Carevis ufleba ar aqvT, ufro metic, isini valdebulni arian Seasrulon `mayureblis~ miTiTeba (Tu izolirebuli ar arian da mayu-reblebs xeli ar miuwvdebaT), winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi Sei-Zleba mkacrad daisajon. magaliTad:

`2012 wels erT-erT penitenciur dawesebulebaSi pa-timrebma gadawyvites gamoexataT protesti dawesebule-bis administraciis mimarT. mizezi iyo, rom administra-cia ar asrulebda maT garkveul moTxovnebs. protestis gamoxatvis mizniT, maT gamoiyenes patimarTa zemoaRniS-nuli kategoria. am patimrebma sityvieri Seuracxyofa miayenes dawesebulebis TanamSromlebs, arRvevdnen sxva-dasxva formiT dawesebulebis reJims da ar asrulebdnen TanamSromelTa kanonier miTiTebebs. amis paralelurad `mayureblebi~ mSvidad adevnebdnen Tvalyurs mimdinare process da TviTon am procesSi aranair monawileobas ar iRebdnen~.

951 m.SalikaSvili, kriminologia, meore gamocema, Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 97-98

952 iqve, gv. 98

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am kategorias iyeneben e.w. `Sestiorkebad~953, `Snire-bad~ (termini, patimrebis kategoriisa, roca zeda fenis yvela miTiTebas asruleben) `mayureblebi~ da `kai biWebi~.

am kategoriis patimrebs Teoriulad aqvT SesaZleblo-ba dakarguli statusi aRidginon, gaxdnen isev ̀ kai biWebi~, `patiosnebi~. magaliTad:

`kai biWebs, patiosnebs ufleba aqvT romelime avtori-tetul mayurebelTan an kanonier qurdTan daayenon saki-Txi, rom maTi daqveiTeba araswori iyo. maT es unda daa-sabuTon. statusis aRdgenis SemTxvevaSi, is pirebi, vinc maT statusi arasworad ganusazRvra isjebian analogiuri wesiT, statusis daqveiTebiT. statusis aRdgenis Teoriu-li Sansic ki ar aqvT qaTmebs~.

termini `kozlebi~ da `apuSeni~ dRevandel sinamdvile-Si xSirad aRar gamoiyeneba.

muSa patimrebi, `absluga~es aris patimarTa kategoria, romlebic muSaoben dawe-

sebulebis sameurneo momsaxureobaSi administraciis sasargeblod. magaliTad, saWmlis darigeba, dawesebule-bis dasufTaveba da a.S. maT amisTvis garkveuli privile-giebi eniWebaT. dResdReobiT isini mcire xelfassac iRe-ben admnistraciis mxridan. muSa patimari, rogorc wesi, aris nebiemieri kategoriis piri, garda `mayureblebis~, `kai biWebisa~. Tumca aseve aris samuSaos forma, magali-Tad tualetis dalageba, romelsac, rogorc wesi, mxolod ierarqiaSi qveda safexuze myofi patimrebi asruleben, e.w `qaTmebi~.

`pidarastebi~, `qaTmebi~es aris cixis ierarqiaSi yvelaze dabali da uuflebo

fena. dResdReobiT am kategorias ZiriTadad moixsenieben `qaTmebad~. am kategoriSi SeiZleba moxvdes:

953 iqve, gv. 97

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• Tu piri piradad aris homoseqsuali; • Tu piris mimarT ganxorcielda seqsualuri Zala-

dobis iZulebiTi an simboluri aqti. es meTodi xSirad gamoiyeneba patimarTa e.w. `gasafuWeblad~. miuxedavad imisa, rom es piris nebis sawinaaRmdegod xdeba da SeiZleba moZaladec daisajos, Tundac ima-ve kategoriSi gadayvaniT, aseTi aqtis Semdeg piri aseTi statusis matarebeli xdeba avtomaturad;

• gaupatiurebisTvis msjavrdebuli patimrebi. sain-teresoa rom am mimarTulebiT Sida wesebi xSirad icvleba. dResdReobiT faqtobrivad srulwlova-ni qalis gaupatiureba aRar iwvevs am kategoriaSi gadayvanas. Tumca arasrulwlovani gogos an biWis gaupatiureba isjeba e.w. `qaTmebis~ kategoriaSi ga-dayvaniT.

xSiri aris SemTxvevebi, roca `qaTmebis~ kategoriaSi xvdebian sruliad gaugebari da uazro mizezebiT. magali-Tad:

`Sxapis miRebis dros xeli mouxvda SemTxveviT sasqeso organoze~ , `an Sexeda sasqeso organos~ da a.S.

praqtikaSi iyo SemTxveva, roca `mayureblebi~ cdi-lobdnen dakavSirebodnen kriminalur avtoritetebs, `ka-nonier qurdebs~ da mieRoT ufro kompetenturi pasuxi iseT sakiTxze, romelic sasacilo da absurdulad mogeC-venebaT, Tumca saintereso daskvnis saSualebas mogcemT:

erT-erT penitenciur dawesebulebaSi iyo patara auzi romelic ori nawilisgan Sedgeboda (patara SadrevanTan erTad arsebobda da ar iyo Tavdapirvelad sabanaod gan-sazRvruli). erT nawilSi banaobdnen `kai biWebi~ da `pa-tiosnebi~, zogadad zeda fena, xolo meore nawilSi e.w. `qaTmebi~. am banaobis dros xandaxan auzis erTi nawili-dan meoreSi wveTebi isxmeboda. sakiTxi, romlis garkve-vasac `mayureblebi~ cdilobdnen (TviTon ar hqondaT am kiTxvaze pasuxi) iyo is, rom - im SemTxvevaSi, Tu auzis im

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nawilidan, sadac `qaTmebi~ banaoben gadmoisxmeba wveTebi auzis meore nawilSi, es xom ar SeiZleba gaxdes `kai biWe-bis~ e.w `gaqaTmebis~ mizezi~.

`qaTmebs~, rogorc wesi iyeneben e.w. `Snirebad~, alage-bineben saknebs, arecxineben WurWels. isini aucileblad calke sakanSi cxovroben, romelsac `saqaTmes~ uwodeben. sxva kategoriis patimrebs, rogorc wesi, am sakanSi Sesvla ekrZalebaT. Tumca zogierT dawesebulebaSi fiqsirdeba faqtebi, rom am sakanSi mcire xniT Sesvla aRar warmoad-gens `qurduli kanonis~ darRvevas, maSin roca adre aseT sakanSi fexis dadgmac ki avtomatur `gaqaTmebas~ iwvevda. magaliTad:

`arasrulwlovanTa dawesebulebaSi qaTmebis sakanSi Cveulebriv Sedian sxva kategoriis patimrebi. erTaderTi piroba am sakanSi Sesvlis aris, is rom didxans am sakanSi ar unda gaCerdnen da saknis karebi ar unda Caketon~.

sxva kategoriis patimrebs ekrZalebaT `qaTmebTan~ axlo kontaqti - xelis CamoarTva, maTTan erTad Wama da TamaSi. magaliTad:

`penitenciur dawesebulebebSi arsebul sasadiloebSi sadilis dros, umetes SemTxvevaSi ̀ qaTmebi~ ar imyofebian. isini, rogorc wesi, sadiloben amave sasadiloSi sxva pe-riodSi an uSualod saknebSi. aris dawesebulebebi, sadac qaTmebis adgili calke aris gamoyofili sasadiloSi, ku-TxeSi da iq sadiloben. Tumca es aris iSviaTi gamonaklisi~.

samwuxarod dawesebulebebis perosonali xSir SemTx-vevaSi TviTon uwyobs xels e.w `qaTmebis~ diskriminacias. magaliTad:

`umetes SemTxvevaSi, sxva patimrebis msgavsad, dawese-bulebis personali TviTonac ar arTmevs xels e.w. `qaT-mebs~da maTTan axlo kontaqts erideba~.

`qaTmebs~ ̀ mayureblebi~ aseve xSirad iyeneben akrZalu-li nivTebis dasamzadeblad. magaliTad:

`2012 wels erT-erT penitenciur dawesebulebSi moxda patimrebis amboxi, e.w. `bunti~. `buntis~ aRkveTis Semdeg

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dawesebulebis administraciam Cxrekis Sedegad amoiRo didi odenobiT kustarulad damzadebuli basri da mWx-vletavi nivTebi, e.w. `Stirebi~, romlebic rogorc Semd-gom aRmoCnda damzadebuli iyo ZiriTadad `qaTmebis~ mier, `mayureblis~ miTiTebiT~.

warsulSi aseve arsebobda patimarTa kategoria, romlebsac `mexamridebi~ ewodebodaT. isini `kanonier qurdebs~, avtoritetebs iuridiuli kuTxiT icavdnen, danaSaulis Tavis Tavze aRebiT. aseTi termini Cven faq-tobrivad aRar gvxvdeba, Tumca fiqsirdeba sxvadasxva ka-tegoriis patimrebis mier danaSaulis Tavis Tavze aRebis faqtebi.

arsebobs aseve uqoneli patimrebis mimarT zrunvis Sem-Txvevebi, maT aZleven tansacmels, higienur saSualebebs da a.S. aseTi kategoriis patimrebs `bedalagebs~ eZaxian. Tumca aseTi SemTxvevebi ar aris xSiri.

saerTo jamSi penitenciur sistemaSi dResdReobiT ierarqia da am ierarqiaSi arsebuli terminebi SeiZleba Semdegnairad CamovayaliboT: 1. kanonieri qurdebi; 2. ma-yureblebi; 3. kai biWebi; 4. patiosnebi; 5. muSa patimrebi; 6. bozebi, nabozvrebi; 7. qaTmebi.

10.7 saerTo kreba - „sxodka“

qurdul samyaroSi erTgvar maorganizebel da xel-mZRvanel rgolad iTvleba qurdebis Sekreba (`sxodka~)954. unda aRiniSnos, rom gadawyvetilebebis miReba erTgvarad demokratiul principebze aris agebuli da xorcielde-ba saerTo msjelobis da diskusiis Sedegad. am Sekrebis mowveva SesaZlebelia, nebismieri `kanonieri qurdis~ mo-TxovniT gaimarTos. `sxodkaze~, rogorc wesi, ganixileba sxvadasxva mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi - e.w `qurduli poli-tikis~ SemuSaveba, `qurdul kanonebSi~ cvlilebebi, `kano-


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nier qurdad~ vinmes kurTxeva, gavlenis sferoebis gada-nawileba, sadamsjelo aqciebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miReba, valebis gadauxdelobis gamo (sawarmoebidan, biz-nes seqtoridan) da a.S. es aris qurdul samyaroSi erTgva-rad umaRlesi organo.

`saerTo krebis~ Catarebis dro da regularoba aris yovelTvis mkacrad konfidencialuri, Tumca arsebobs uamravi SemTxveva, rodesac aseTi Sekrebebi monawileTa dapatimrebebiT mTavrdeba. magaliTad:

`1995 wels soWSi Sss-s TanamSromlebma CaSales saer-TaSoriso Sekreba, romelic qalaqis sasaflaoze tarde-boda. operaciis Sedegad daakaves daaxloebiT 500 avtori-teti da ̀ boeviki~, aqedan daaxleobiT 60 ̀ kanonieri qurdi~ iyo. am SekrebaSi monawileobdnen qurdebi aSS-dan, saberZ-neTidan da sxva qveynebidan. dakavebulTa Soris aRmoCnda aseve, krasnodaris mxaris prokuroris TanaSemwe, Tavisu-flebis aRkveTis adgilebSi zedamxedvelobis dargSi~.

`80-90-ian wlebSi, roca qurdul samyaros moqmedebis-Tvis yvelaze xelsayreli periodi iyo, arsebuli monace-mebiT955, sxvadasxva periodSi Catarda didi raodenobis Sexvedrebi, kerZod, 1989-92 wlebSi - 26 Sekreba, 1993 wels - daaxloebiT - 100, 1994 wels - aranakleb 413~.

penitenciur sistemaSi `sxodkis~ Catareba ufro bevr sirTuleebTan aris dakavSirebuli. amas Ziri-TadSi ganapirobebs konkretuli dawesebulebaSi ar-sebuli reJimi da zedamxedvelobis sistema. saqar-TveloSi 2003 wlis Semdeg saxelmwifos mier gata-rebuli politikis Sedegad, penitenciur sistemaSi `kanonieri qurdebis~ mier `sxodkis~ Catarebis faqtebi faqtobrivad aRar dafiqsirebula. Tumca gamonaklis war-moadgens is dawesebuleba, sadac dResdReobiT `kanonieri qurdebi~ arian kompaqturad ganTavsebulni (Tbilisis N7 dawesebuleba). SesaZlebelia msgavsi tipis Sekrebebi tar-

955 iqve, gv. 131.

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debodes, Tumca aq miRebul gadawyvetilebebs ver eqnebaT iseTi Zala, rogorc saerTaSoriso Sekrebebis dros miRe-bul gadawyvetilebebs. aseTi saxis Sekrebebze ZiriTadad penitenciur sistemis SigniT moqmedebasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze miiReba gadawyvetileba.

rogorc wesi, yvela `sxodkis~ mere iwereba mimarTava (`qsiva~, `maliava~956), romelSic iwereba miRebuli gadawy-vetilebebis Sinaarsi da rekomendaciebi patimrebis sxva-dasxva kategoriis mimarT. `qsivis~ gavrcelebas dawese-bulebebSi sxvadasxva meTodebiT cdiloben. SesaZlebelia aseve `qsivis~, `maliavas~ meSveobiT an zepiri miTiTebiT e.w. `pragonis957~ gaSveba. magaliTad:

`2013 wels penitenciuri sistemis mayureblebis mier, `kanonier qurdebTan~ SeTanxmebis safuZvelze, dawesebu-lebebSi gaSvebul iqna pragoni. am pragonis mixedviT ne-bismieri `kai biWi~, `blatnoe~ valdebuli iyo moekla vinme patimari X. am pragonis mizezi, maTi ganmartebiT iyo pati-mar X-s mier wlebis ganmalobaSi araqurduli saqcieli da `kai biWebis~ da `blatnoebis~ upativcemuloba~.

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, dResdReobiT `kanonieri qur-debi~ ZiriTadSi aRar arian penitenciur dawesebulebebSi da maT funqciebs, garkveulwilad adgilebze `mayureble-bi~ iTavseben. amitom dResdReobiT Cven gvxvdeba SemTx-vevebi, roca patara `sxodkebi~ tardeba dawesebulebebSi `mayureblis~ organizebiT. am `sxodkebze~ miiReba gadawy-vetilebebi uSualod dawesebulebaSi gasatarebeli `po-litikis~ Sesaxeb. kerZod - urTierToba administraciis warmomadgenleTan, maTTan korufciul garigebebSi Ses-vla; administraciaze zemoqmedebis RonisZiebebi, rom garkveul daTmobebze waiyvanon; e.w. `obSiakis~; sxvadasxva formiT amoRebis sakiTxebi (mogvianebiT SevexebiT am saki-

956 qsiva, maliava - qaRaldze an raime nivTze dawerili informacia.

957 pragoni - informaciis gavrceleba patimarTa ZiriTad masa-Si, sadac SesaZlebelia iyos miTiTeba garkveuli saxis moqmedebis mowodebisken.

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Txs); patimrebis mimarT sxvadasxva sanqciebis gamoyenebis da maTi statusis SecvlasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi da a.S. SegviZlia moviyvanoT administraciaze zewolis maga-liTi uaxlesi periodidan:

`2014 wlis dasawyisSi cvlileba moxda erT-erTi pe-nitenciuri dawesebulebis administraciaSi. axali ad-ministracia Seecada gaeuqmebina patimrebisTvis yvela is ukanono SeRavaTi, ris uflebasac wina administracia aZlevda (akrZalul nivTebze da produqtebze xelmisawv-domoba, garkveuli SeRavaTebi avtoritetebis mimarT da a.S.). dawesebulebaSi ganTavsebulma avtoritetebma ga-dawyvites axali administraciis CamoSoreba da garkveu-li gegma SeimuSaves administraciis mimarT - daigegma da ganxorcielda garkveuli provokaciebi, administraciis warmomadgenlebis winaaRmdeg da SemdgomSi maT fizikur da fsiqologiur ZaladobaSi dasdes brali; 1000-mde pati-marma (udaod mayureblebis miTiTebiT da `sxodkaze~ miRe-buli gadawyvetilebiT) daiwyo SimSiloba administraciis Secvlis moTxovniT, maTi mxridan arasaTanado mopyrobis mizeziT; patimrebis nawili daukavSirda sazogadoebaSi sxvadasxva uflebadamcvelebs da maT dawesebulebaSi ar-sebuli viTarebis maT mier SeTxzuli versia SesTavazes~.

mxolod es faqti gvaZlevs daskvnis safuZvels, rom dRes arsebuli kriminaluri subkulturis gamo, patimre-bis garkveul jgufs penitenciur dawesebulebebSi ra do-nis organizebulobis unari gaaCniaT, rogor cdiloben sazogadoebriv azrze moaxdinon gavlena da ra meTodebis gamoyeneba SeuZliaT. administraciaze zewolis meTodebs Soris aseve gvxvdeba jgufuri ̀ TviTdazianebebi~ patimre-bis mxridan.

patimarTa umravlesoba valdebulia `mayureblebis~ mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebi aRasrulos. maT umetes SemTxvevaSi ar aqvT arCevani da iZulebulni arian, msgavsi nabijebi gadadgan. amis mizezi aris is, rom administracia

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ver uzrunvelyofs patimrebis umetesobis usafrTxoebis dacvas, Tu isini kriminaluri avtoritetebis nebis sawi-naaRmdegod wavlen. patimrebs samwuxarod ar aqvT dacu-lobis gancda.

rogorc wesi, penitenciur dawesebulebebSi, `sxo-dkebs~ eswrebin mxolod `kai biWebi~, `blatnoebi~, xolo xSir SemTxvevaSi, mxolod mTavari da sxvadasxva seqto-rebSi ganawilebuli `mayureblebi~. am `sxodkebze~ ver mii-Reba gadawyvetilebebi saerTo `qurdul kanonebSi~ cvli-lebebTan dakavSirebiT, maT ar aqvT amis uflebamosileba, mxolod adgilobrivi xasiaTis gadawyvetilebebi.

sainteresoa detalurad SevexoT `sxodkis~ Catarebis dRes arsebul procedurebs penitenciur sistemaSi - `sxo-dkis dawyebamde mayurebeli TviTon an misi TamaSemweebis meSveobiT daiZaxebs - sxodka!!!. yvela piri vinc icis, rom unda miiRos monawileoba dauyonebliv miemarTeba im sak-nisken an konkretuli adgilisken dawesebulebaSi, rome-lic, rogorc wesi, winaswar aris gansazRvruli sxodkis Casatareblad. sxodkis Catarebis usafrTxoebaze Semu-Savebulia dacvis sxvadasxva doniani sistema. magaliTad, Tu sxodka tardeba sacxovrebeli korpusis meore sar-Tulze erT-erT sakanSi, dacva iqneba dayenebuli sacxo-vrebeli korpusis SesasvlelSi, meore sarTulis Sesas-velelSi da saknis SesasvlelTan, sadac sxodka imarTeba. damcvelebi valdebuli arian dawesebulebis administra-ciis gadaadgileba sxodkis Catarebis adgilis mimarTu-lebiT dauyonebliv gaagebinon mayurebels. ufro metic, gansakuTrebiT is patimrebi, vinc konkretulad sakans icaven, sadac `sxodka~ tardeba, valdebuli arian ar Seu-Svan sakanSi dawesebulebis personali, sanam amis Taobaze ar gaafrTxilebs mayurebels. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi isi-ni gauweven fizikuri winaaRmdegobac. damcvelebad Sei-Zleba gamoiyenon nebismieri kategoriis patimrebi, qaTme-bis garda~.

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10.8. qurduli saerTo, „obSiaki“

`qurduli kanonebis~ Camoyalibebis sawyis etapze saer-To salaros daweseba keTilSobilur mizans isaxavda - dax-marebis gaweva sxva patimrebisTvis da maTi ojaxebisTvis. Tumca rogorc yvela sxva wesSi am nawilSic ganxorcilda cvlilebebi.

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT kriminaluri subkulturis formirebis sawyis etapze saerTo salaroSi Tanxa Seh-qondaT mxolod `kanonier qurdebs~. pirvelad cvlileba ganxorcielda 40-50-ian wlebSi, roca òbSiaki~ veRar ak-mayofilebda `kanonieri qurdebis~ moTxovnebs da daiwyes sxva patimrebisgan Tanxebis amoReba958. es SemdgomSi Cveu-lebriv normad iqca da dResac moqmedebs.

Crdilovani ekonomikis Camoyalibebis Semdeg `kanonie-ri qurdebi~ Sedian garigebaSi biznes seqtoris warmoma-dgenlebTan da maTgan iReben saerTo Semosavlis 10%-s959, romelic qurduli òbSiakis~ Sevsebis erT-erTi wyaro xdeba. Semdeg etapze `kanonieri qurdebi~ iyeneben rekets, Zaladobas da sxva saxis meTodebs Tanxis amosaRebad, òb-Siakis~ Sesavsebad.

sxvadasxva wyaroebSi aris monacemebi, rom arsebobs er-Tiani didi salaro, romelic aseulobiT milionobiT gani-sazRvreba. misi daniSnulebaa960:

• qurdebis, avtoritetebis, maTi ojaxebis daxmareba;• sxva patimrebis, maTi ojaxebis daxmareba;• danaSaulebrivi biznesis Semdgomi gafarToeba;• samarTaldamcavi organoebis da saxelmwifo Ci-

novnikebis mosyidva;• danaSaulebrivi biznesis legalizacia;• propagandistur-fsiqologiuri funqciebis Ses-


959 iqve, gv. 67.

960 iqve, gv. 139.

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ruleba;• penitenciuri dawesebulebebis administraciebis-

Tvis winaaRmdegobis gaweva.òbSiaki~Tavdapirvelad iyo ori saxis, sabanako da Ta-

visufali961.Tavisufali òbSiaki~ aris im saxiT, ra saxiTac sabo-

lood Camoyalibda da zemoT ukve aRvniSneT. konkretulad sabanako anu zonis obSiaki emsaxurebo-

da Semdeg mizans: administraciis mosyidva; karceris da izolatoris mxardaWeras; sikvdilmisjilebis, SemdgomSi uvado, TavisuflebaaRkveTili patimrebis mxardaWeras; spirtiani sasmelebis da narkotikebis SeZena; Tanxis didi nawili xmardeboda aseve kriminaluri avtoritetebis pi-rad xarjebs.

arsebobda adgilobrivi salaro, e.w. `Snifti~, sadac grovdeboda sigareti, Cai, produqti, higienuri saSuale-bebi da a.S.

saerTo salaro e.w. ~qurduli gagebiT~ wminda adgilad iTvleba, romelsac Rirseuli adamianebi icavdnen. maT `mesaWeebs~ uwodebdnen. amJamad am funqcias `mayureble-bi~ asruleben. `mesaWeebi~ saerTo salaroSi Semdegnairad iyvnen ganawilebulni962: 1. saerTo salaros Tavi; 2. pasu-xismgebeli sayofacxovrebo pirobebze, sacxovrebel zo-nebze; 3. pasuxismgebeli sawarmoo zonaze; 4. pasuxismgebe-li izolatorze, karcerze; 5. pasuxismgebeli samedicino nawilze.

e.w. `mesaWeebis~ funqcia iyo aramarto òbSiakisTvis~ Tanxebis Segroveba, aramed wesrigis uzrunvelyofa im se-qtorebze, sadac iyvnen ganawilebulni.

es struqtura faqtobrivad dResac arsebobs cota Se-cvlili saxiT. am funqcias asrulebs mTavari `mayurebe-li~ da sxvadasxva seqtorze ganawilebuli `mayureblebi~.

961 iqve, gv. 136-140.

962 iqve, gv. 139.

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maT dResdReobiT ufro kontrolis da wesrigis uzrun-velyofis funqcia aqvT, vidre konkretulad òbSiakis~ Segrovebis.

saerTo salaroSi grovdeboda Tanxebi, banqoSi mogebu-li Tanxebidan. faqtobrivad 2005 wlamde saqarTvelos pe-nitenciur dawesebulebebSi arsebobda banqos TamaSis, e.w. iZulebiTi `krugebi~. magaliTad:

`sxvadasxva saknebSi ganTavsebuli patimrebis umete-soba, valdebulni iyvnen, garkveuli periodulobiT (mag. iyo TveSi erTxel) eTamaSaT banqo, sadac iyo gansazRvru-li savaldebulo minimaluri Senatani. wagebuli Tanxa mT-lianad mididoda òbSiakSi~.

2000-iani wlebis mere ganxorcielebuli sakanonmde-blo cvlilebebis Sedegad, dawesebulebaSi banqos qona isjeba sisxlissamarTlebrivi wesiT. am cvlilebebma Sem-dgomSi faqtobrivad aRkveTa dawesebulebebSi banqos Ta-maSis e.w. iZulebiTi `krugebi~. Tumca kontrolis sistemis modunebis SemTxvevaSi, msgavsi faqtebi SesaZlebelia ki-dev dafiqsiredes.

bolo periodamde dawesebulebebSi grovdeboda ori saxis òbSiaki~. qurduli òbSiaki~ da administraciis òb-Siaki~. administraciis òbSiaki~ xmardeboda administra-ciis mosyidvas da SeiZleba iTqvas am Tanxis amoReba admi-nistraciis xelSewyobiTac xdeboda.

rogorc aRvniSneT saknebis mixedviT òbSiakis~ Segro-vebas axorcieleben saknis da korpusis `mayureblebi~. `mayureblebs~ rogorc wesi, aqvT e.w. `tyavi~, sadac aRi-ricxeba monacemebi, TiToeuli patimrebis mier Senatanis odenobis da pirovnebis miTiTebiT. `tyavis~ dacva aris `mayureblis~ erT-erTi mTavari movaleoba. misi dakarg-vis SemTxvevaSi an Tu `tyavi~ Cauvardeba dawesebulebis administracias, `mayurebeli~ mkacrad isjeba. igi avto-maturad qveiTdeba ierarqiaSi da gadadis qveda fenaSi (ZiriTadad `bozebSi~, `nabozvrebSi~). mis mimarT SeiZleba

452

gamoyenebul iqnas sanqcia - `xelebis (fexebis) damtvreva~ da ukidures SemTxvevaSi `sikvdilic~ ki. fatobrivad `ma-yurebeli~ valdebuli aris daicvas `tyavi~ sicocxlis fa-sadac ki.

`vardebis revoluciis~ Semdeg saxelmwifos mier gada-dgmuli nabijebis gamo, minimumamde davida dawesebule-bebSi fuladi saxiT òbSiakis~ akrefis SemTxvevebi. amas aseve Seuwyo xeli im faqtma, rom fulis kupiurebis qona dawesebulebaSi sisxlissamarTlebrivi wesiT isjeba. pa-timrebi dawesebulebebSi arsebul maRaziebSi, produqte-bis SeZenas unaRdo angariSsworebiT axorcieleben.

miuxedavad ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebisa, fiqsir-deba òbSiakis~ sxvadasxva formiT Segrovebis faqtebi. fulis mimoqcevis arqonis gamo, dawesebulebebSi dRes-dReobiT valutad iyeneben, magaliTad, telefonis sasau-bro baraTebs, sigarets, Cais, kvebis produqtebs, higienur saSuelebebs da a.S.

dResdReobiT dawesebulebebis umravlesobaSi aris praqtika, rom (gansakuTrebiT naxevrad Ria tipis dawe-sebulebebSi), mayureblebis mier grovdeba sigareti, Cai, higenuri saSualebebi da sxva saxis produqtebi. zogadad taqtikuri TvalsazrisiT amas TviTonac aRar uwodeben xSir SemTxvevaSi òbSiaks~, Tumca Tavisi SinaarsiT faq-tobrivad arafriT ar gansxvavdeba òbSiakis~ pirvandeli formisgan. magaliTad:

`ZiriTadad naxevrad Ria tipis dawesebulebebSi `mayu-reblebs~ SemuSavebuli aqvT sxvadasxva saxis produqtebis Segrovebis sistema. magaliTad, kviraSi erTxel TiToeu-li sakani valdebulia saerToSi (igive obSiaki) Seitanos 5 bloki sigareti, 10 kolofi Cai, 20 cali 5 lariani satele-fono sasaubro baraTebi da a.S. es nivTebi, rogorc wesi, Tavs iyris mayureblis sakanSi. xdeba saknebis da pirovne-bebis mixedviT Senatanebis aRricxva (`tyavi~). saknebidan am nivTebis amoRebaze pasuximgeblebi arian saknis mayure-

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blebi, romlebic mTavari mayureblis mier arian daniSnu-li~.

10.9 Jargoni

Jargoni SeiZleba miviCnioT rogorc kanonzomieri mo-vlena, romelic asaxavs kriminaluri subkulturis spe-cifikas. Jargonis Seqmnis ZiriTadi mizezi, Setyobinebis daSifvra iyo. mis erT-erT funqcias warmoadgenda, aseve samarTaldamcavi organoebis mier migzavnili pirebis ga-movlena963.

qurdul JargonebSi uamravi cvlileba ganxorcielda da sakmaod bevri sityva pirdapir Sevida sazogadoebis mi-moqcevaSi da xSir SemTxvevaSi aRar aRiqmeba rogorc qur-duli Jargoni. magaliTad:

`menti~, `ZaRli~ (samarTaldamcavi organos TanamSro-meli), `bozi~ (dambezRebeli, CamSvebi) da a.S.

qurdul JargonebTan brZola, rogorc gamocdile-ba aCvenebs sakmaod Znelia. Jargonebi xSirad icvleba da yalibdeba axali terminebi. sakmaod xSiria SemTxvevebi, roca TviTon, dawesebulebis administraciis warmomad-genlebi saubroben aRniSnuli JargonebiT. magaliTad:

`dResdReobiT dawesebulebaSi Semowmebis Catarebisas TviTon administraciis warmomadgenlebi xSirad iyeneben termins - `praverka~, Cxrekisas - `Smoni~ da a.S~.

igive Jargonebs iyeneben patimrebic. aucilebelia am kuTxiT penitenciuri sistemis TanamSromelTa maRali sa-metyvelo kulturis Camoyalibeba.

10.10 tatuireba, „nakolka“

tatuireba, `nakolkis~ gakeTeba sxeulze kriminalu-ri subkulturis erT-erTi damaxasiaTebeli niSania. ar-sebobda mravali saxis da formis `nakolka~, romlebic


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sxvadasxva periodSi icvleboda da dResac icvleba964. ta-tuirebebi sxvadasxva saxis Sinaarsis matarebeli iyo: sain-formacio-ierarqiuli, pirovnebis ganwyobis gamomxatve-li, sasignalo, samaxsovro da a.S965.

dResdReobiT yvelaze gavrcelebulia tatuirebis iseTi forma rogoric aris `qurduli varskvlavi~, Ziri-Tadad rva qimiani. aseTi varskvlavebi keTdeba xSir Sem-TxvevaSi mxarze da muxlebze. `qurdul varskvlavebs~ ike-Teben `kanonieri qurdebi~, aseve `kai biWebi~, `blatnoebi~, romlebic momavalSi `kanonier qurdobas~ apireben.

10.11 penitenciuri dawesebulebis administraciis damokidebuleba kriminaluri subkulturis mimarT

penitenciuri dawesebulebis administraciis damo-kidebuleba kriminaluri subkulturis mimarT calke ganxilvis sakiTxia. kriminaluri subkulturis Camoyali-bebis procesSi xSiri iyo dawesebulebis administraciisa da kriminaluri avtoritetebis TanamSromlobis SemTxve-vebi. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, jer kidev 30-iani wlebidan penitenciuri dawesebulebis administraciebi aZlevdnen zogierT kriminalur liderebs (`urkebs~) dawesebuleba-Si Tavisufali gadaadgilebis uflebas im mizniT, rom pa-timrebs Soris kontroli da wesrigi daemyarebinaT. Sei-Zleba iTqvas, im droisTvis dawesebulebebSi patimarTa didi raodenobis da `gulagebis~ sistemis Camoyalibebis gamo, administraciis mxridan es iyo erTgvarad iZulebiTi nabiji, rom dawesebulebebSi garkveuli wesrigi SeenarCu-nebinaT. patimarTa didi raodenoba moiTxovda Sida kon-trolis sistemis arsebobas.

964 Ю. А. Вакутин, Словарь жаргонных слов и выражений. Татуировки, Омск , 1979.


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administraciis da kriminaluri avtoritetebis ur-TierToba SemdgomSi garkveulwilad aisaxa `qurdul ka-nonebzec~. `kanonieri qurdebi~ acnobierebdnen, rom dawe-sebulebaSi TavianTi gavlenis mopovebis gamo, aucile-beli iyo dawesebulebis xelmZRvanelobasTan Semxvedri nabijebis gadadgma. am garigebis safuZvelze `kanonieri qurdebi~ (SemdgomSi ukve mayureblebi) xels uwyobdnen, penitenciur dawesebulebebSi Semowmebis da Cxrekis Cata-rebas, wesrigis SenarCunebas da a.S. Tumca am nabijebis sa-pasuxod garkveul SeRavaTebsac iTxovdnen. penitenciuri dawesebulebebSi Camoyalibuli iyo orxelisuflebianoba kriminaluri avtoritetebis da administraciis mxridan. mogvianebiT es TanamSromloba gadaizarda finansuri sar-geblis miRebaSi, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, dawesebulebebSi grovdeboda ori saxis `obSiaki~, qurduli da administra-ciis. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aseTi saxis TanamSromlobis Se-degad, dawesebulebebis xelmZRvaneloba komfortulad grZnobda Tavs - igi inarCunebda wesrigs dawesebulebaSi da mogvianebiT hqonda ukve finansuri sargebeli. aseTi saxis urTierTobebis safuZvlze faqtobrivad Camoyalib-da administraciasa da patimrebs Soris erTiani salapa-rako ena, Jargonebi, romlebic `qurdul kanonebs~ efuZne-ba.

zemoaRniSnuli garemoebebis gamo, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom nebsiT Tu uneblieT, administraciebi faqtobrivad dawesebulebis mmarTvelobaSi kriminaluri subkulturis mier SemoTavazebuli TamaSis wesebiT moqmedeben.

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT kriminalur elementebTan Ta-namSromloba dawesebulebebis gadatvirTvam da e.w. `gu-lagebis~ sistemis Camoyalibebam gamoiwvia. organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis kuTxiT, pirveli Sedegebi iyo 50-iani wlebis bolos, roca ganaxorcieles patimarTa gadanawileba kategoriebis mixedviT da Camoyalibda sx-

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vadasxva reJimis dawesebulebebi966. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom kriminaluri subkulturis Camoyalibebis da gaZliere-bis ZiriTadi mizezi iyo patimarTa da dawesebulebis Ta-namSromelTa raodenobis sruli disbalansi, rasac xels uwyobda dawesebulebis infrastruqturac.

miuxedavad bolo periodSi gadadgmuli nabijebisa (pa-timarTa raodenobis Semcireba, infrastruqturis gaum-jobeseba), dResdReobiT jer kidev problemad rCeba ko-loniis tipis dawesebulebebis arseboba, sadac 1000-dan 2000-mde patimari ixdis sasjels, xolo amis sapirispi-rod dawesebulebis TanamSromelTa raodenoba 24 saaTian cvlaSi SeiZleba 50 kacs ar aRematebodes. aRniSnuli pro-blemebis arseboba arTulebs da zog SemTxvevaSi SeuZle-bels xdis, kriminaluri subkulturis winaaRmdeg brZo-las penitenciur sistemaSi.

daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom penitenciur sis-temaSi, arsebuli kriminaluri subkultura rTul feno-mens warmoadgens. Camoyalibebis Semdeg, arsebobis sxva-dasxva etapze igi axdenda adaptacias arsebuli situaciis Sesabamisad, ganicdida evolucias. es subkultura sak-maod did gavlenas axdenda da dResac axdens axalgazrda Taobis RirebulebaTa sistemis Camoyalibebaze. amitom am subkulturis gasaazreblad, saWiroa erTianad gavaanali-zoT, rogorc misi warmoSobis mizezebi da ganviTarebis etapebi, aseve misgan warmoSobili is fsevdo Rirebulebe-bi, ramac rogorc penitenciur sistemaSi, aseve mTlianad sazogadoebis cnobierebaSi SeaRwia.

966 saqarTvelos umaRlesi sabWos uwyebebi. 1971. N12.

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meTerTmete Tavi

probaciis samsaxuri

11.1 sakanonmdeblo regulireba da saerTaSoriso standartebi

probaciis samsaxuris samarTlebrivi regulireba xdeba 2007 wlis 19 ivnisis saqarTvelos kanoniT `arasapa-timro sasjelTa aRsrulebis wesisa da probaciis Sesaxeb~ da kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqtebiT. kanonqvemdeba-re normatiuli aqtebidan mniSvnelovania: saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmare-bis sakiTxTa ministris 2009 wlis 29 dekembris brZaneba №903 `saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa saministros mmarTve-lobis sferoSi moqmedi sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli pi-ris – arasapatimro sasjelTa aRsrulebisa da probaciis erovnuli saagentos debulebis damtkicebis Taobaze~; sa-qarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa ministris 2011 wlis 26 aprilis brZa-neba №74 `probaciis biuros tipuri debulebis damtkice-bis Sesaxeb~; saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa ministris 2011 wlis 7 aprilis brZaneba №56 `msjavrdebulis riskebis Sefasebi-sa da sasjelis aRsrulebis individualuri gegmis Sedge-nis principebis, wesisa da formis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~; sa-qarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa ministris 2011 wlis 5 aprilis brZane-ba №55 `msjavrdebulTan videopaemniT sargeblobis wesis damtkicebis Taobaze~ da sxv.967

`arasapatimro sasjelTa aRsrulebis wesisa da proba-ciis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni Sedgeba 47 muxlisgan da

967 probaciis sferoSi moqmedi normatiuli aqtebi ix.: http://www.probation.gov.ge (25.02.2014)

458

aregulirebs saqarTveloSi arasapatimro sasjelebis da probaciis saqmianobis umniSvnelovanes sakiTxebs. kerod, kanonis gamoyenebis sfero (muxli 1.); arasapatimro sas-jelTa aRsrulebisa da probaciis erovnuli samsaxuris struqtura da probaciis biuroebi (muxlebi 3-5); probaci-is erovnuli samsaxuris saqmianobis ZiriTadi principebi da miznebi (muxlebi 6-7); probaciis erovnuli samsaxuris TanamSromelTa samarTlebrivi statusi, socialuri da samarTlebrivi garantiebi (muxlebi 8-9); msjavrdebulTa ufleba-movaleobebi (muxlebi 10-11); pirobiT msjavrde-bulisa da pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebuli piris mi-marT probaciis biuroSi gamocxadebis dadgenili reJi-mis darRvevisTvis maTi dajarimebis wess (muxlebi 12-15); samarTlebrivi aqtis aRsrulebis wesi (16-24); sasjelis saxiT Tanamdebobis dakavebis an saqmianobis uflebis Ca-morTmevis aRsruleba (muxlebi 25-27); sasjelis saxiT sa-zogadoebisTvis sasargeblo Sromis aRsruleba (muxlebi 29-33) da sxv.

arasapatimro sasjelTa Sesaxeb garda Sida samarTle-brivi regulirebisa, sainteresoa saerTaSoriso aqtebi. am mxriv unda aRiniSnos Semdegi samarTlebrivi dokumetebi: arasapatimro RonisZiebaTa gamoyenebis gaeros standar-tuli minimaluri wesebi (tokios wesebi), miRebuli gene-raluri asambleis 1990 wlis 14 dekembris #45/110 rezo-luciiT; evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomenda-cia CM/Rec (2010) 1 wevri saxelmwifoebisadmi evro sabWos probaciis wesebis Sesaxeb, miRebulia ministrTa komite-tis mier 2010 wlis 20 ianvars ministrTa moadgileebis 1075-e Sexvedraze da sxv.

evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia CM/Rec (2010) 1-is Tanaxmad, `probacia aris dakavSirebuli sazogadoebisgan izolaciis gareSe sasjelebisa da Ro-nisZiebebis aRsrulebasTan, romelic msjavrdebulisTvis kanoniT aris gansazRvruli da Sefardebuli. es moicavs

459

sxvadasxva RonisZiebas da intervencias, romlebic dakav-Sirebulia samarTaldamrRvevTa socialur CarTulobasa da zedamxedvelobasTan, xelmZRvanelobasa da daxmarebis aRmoCenasTan~.

probacia warmoadgens cixis alternativas. probacias cixesTan SedarebiT naklebi ekonomikuri xarji gaaCnia, humanuria da msjavrdebuls socialuri garemodan ar wy-vets.968

saxelmwifos garda probaciisa, SeuZlia sxvadasxva programebis (ganrideba, mediacia) meSveobiT kanondamrR-vevi aacilos sasjelaRsrulebiT dawesebulebas.

`arasapatimro sasjelTa aRsrulebis wesisa da proba-ciis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-4-e muxlis mixedviT, probaciis erovnuli saagento aris saqarTvelos sasje-laRsrulebisa da probaciis saministros mmarTvelobis sferoSi moqmedi sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri. pro-baciis erovnuli saagentos uflebamosileba ganisazRvre-ba debulebiT, romelsac amtkicebs saqarTvelos sasje-laRsrulebisa da probaciis ministri. probaciis erovnul saagentos xelmZRvanelobs saagentos ufrosi, romelsac Tanamdebobaze niSnavs da Tanamdebobidan aTavisuflebs sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis ministri.

amave kanonis mesame da mexuTe muxlebis Tanaxmad, pro-baciis biuros msjavrdebulis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT aRsasruleblad gadaecema Semdegi samarTle-brivi aqtebi: sasjelis saxiT Tanamdebobis dakavebis an saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmevis Sesaxeb; sasjelis saxiT iuridiuli pirisTvis saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmevis Sesaxeb; sasjelis saxiT sazogadoebisTvis sasargeblo Sromis daniSvnis Sesaxeb; sasjelis saxiT gamasworebeli samuSaos daniSvnis Sesaxeb; sasjelis saxiT Tavisuflebis SezRudvis Sesaxeb; pirobiTi msjavris daniSvnis Sesaxeb; sasjelis moxdisgan pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis Se-

968 G. Kaiser/H-J., Kerner/H. Schöch, Strafvollzug. Ein Lehrbuch. Heidelberg 1982. S. 477.

460

saxeb; sasjelis moxdis gadavadebis Sesaxeb (orsuli qalis-Tvis - mSobiarobis Semdeg 1 wlamde); ganridebis subieqtis mier nakisri sazogadoebisTvis sasargeblo usasyidlo samuSaos Sesrulebis Sesaxeb. zemoTCamoTvlili samarT-lebrivi aqtebis (garda sasjelis saxiT Tavisuflebis SezRudvis Sesaxeb samarTlebrivi aqtisa) samarTlebrivi aqtebis aRsrulebas uzrunvelyofs probaciis oficeri.

11.1.1 probaciis oficeri

àrasapatimro sasjelTa aRsrulebis wesisa da proba-ciis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni erTmaneTisgan ansxva-vebs ori saxis oficers: probaciis oficeri da Tavisufle-bis SezRudvis oficeri. Tavisuflebis SezRudvis ofice-ri pasuxismgebelia mxolod sasjelis saxiT Tavisuflebis SezRudvis Sesaxeb samarTlebrivi aqtis aRsrulebaze.

àrasapatimro sasjelTa aRsrulebis wesisa da pro-baciis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis 91 da 92 muxlebis Ta-naxmad, probaciis oficeri da Tavisuflebis SezRudvis oficeri SeiZleba iyos saqarTvelos moqalaqe, romelic flobs saqarTvelos saxelmwifo enas da aqvs umaRlesi ga-naTleba da gadis sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis saswa-vlo centrSi specialur saswavlo kurss, romlis dasru-lebisas abarebs Sesabamis gamocdas.

iuridiul literaturaSi probaciis oficeri xasiaT-deba Semdegi unar-CvevebiT da ganaTlebiT: gamocdili, inteligenti socialuri muSaki; idealisti; motivirebu-li, sicocxliT savse; namdvili damxmare; komunikabeluri; ndobis mopovebis SemZle, uryevi xasiaTis mqone da momT-meni.969

àrasapatimro sasjelTa aRsrulebis wesisa da proba-ciis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-40-e muxlis Tanax-mad, probaciis oficris uflebamosilebani samarTlebri-vi aqtebis aRsrulebis procesSi Semdegia: a) akontrolebs

969 H. Diemer, A. Schoreit, B-R. Sonnen, JugendgerichtsgaseTz. Kommentar. 3. Aufla-ge. Heidelberg 1999. S. 251.

461

sasamarTlos mier msjavrdebulisTvis dakisrebuli mo-valeobebis Sesrulebas; b) akontrolebs msjavrdebulis yofaqcevas da daxmarebas uwevs mas; g) msjavrdebulTan atarebs aRmzrdelobiTi xasiaTis RonisZiebebs; d) SeZle-bisdagvarad exmareba msjavrdebuls SromiT mowyobaSi; e) axorcielebs sxva RonisZiebebs, romlebic xels Seuwyobs msjavrdebulis resocializacias, risTvisac, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, amyarebs saqmian urTierTobebs adgilobri-vi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebTan, sxva saxelmwifo da arasaxelmwifo organoebTan; v) Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi aqtis aRsrulebas axorcielebs msjavrdebulis riskis Se-fasebisa da sasjelis aRsrulebis individualuri gegmis mixedviT, romlis Sedgenis principebs, wessa da formas gansazRvravs sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciisa da iu-ridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa ministri. am funqciis Ses-rulebisas probaciis oficeri TanamSromlobs socialur muSakTan.

probaciis oficers sasamarTlos mier msjavrdebulis-Tvis dakisrebuli movaleobebis Sesrulebis dros misi yofaqcevis kontrolis ganxorcielebisas ufleba aqvs: a) dadgenili periodulobiT daibaros msjavrdebuli aRri-cxvisTvis; b) CamoarTvas msjavrdebuls axsna-ganmarteba; g) msjavrdebulis yofaqcevis Sesaxeb informacia miiRos misi naTesavebisgan, nacnobebisgan, samuSao adgilidan da saswavlo dawesebulebidan; d) gamoiTxovos msjavrdebu-lis Sesaxeb Sesabamis saxelmwifo da samkurnalo dawese-bulebebSi arsebuli informacia.

msjavrdebulTan aRmzrdelobiTi xasiaTis saqmianobis gansaxorcieleblad aucilebelia probaciis oficris da msjavrdebuls Soris ndobis Camoyalibeba.970 probaciis oficris `ormagi funqcia~ - zedamxedveloba da daxmareba - ndobis problemas uqmnis msjavrdebuls.971

970 U. Eisenberg, Jugendgerichtsgesetz. Kommentar. 11. Auflage. München 2006. S. 270.

971 U. Eisenberg, Jugendgerichtsgesetz. Kommentar. 11. Auflage. München 2006. S.

462

probaciis oficeri msjavrdebuls gverdSi udgas da exmareba problemebis mogvarebaSi. msjavrdebuls Se-saZlebelia gaaCndes rogorc swavlasTan, sacxovrebel-Tan, umuSevrobasTan, samsaxurTan dakavSirebuli, aseve saxelmwifo organoebTan urTierTobis problemebi.972

11.1.2 probacioneri

probaciis daqvemdebarebaSi SesaZlebelia moxvdnen msjavrdebulebi, romelTac sasamarTlos mier sasjelis saxiT miesajaT Tanamdebobis dakavebis an saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeva, saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeva (iuridiuli piris SemTxvevaSi), sazogadoebisTvis sasar-geblo Sroma, gamasworebeli samuSao, pirobiTi msjavri, gaTavisufldnen sasjelis moxdisgan pirobiT vadamde, gadauvaddaT sasjelis moxda (orsuli qalisaTvis - mSo-biarobis Semdeg 1 wlamde), ganridebis subieqti. `arasapa-timro sasjelTa aRsrulebis wesisa da probaciis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-12-e muxlis Tanaxmad, msjavrde-bulis mier dadgenili reJimis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi pro-baciis biuros uflebamosili piri (probaciis oficeri) adgens administraciuli samarTaldarRvevis oqms, ro-melic msjavrdebuls uSualod gadaecema an fostiT eg-zavneba (fostiT gagzavnisas keTdeba saTanado Canaweri).

msjavrdebulis mimarT administraciuli samarTalda-rRvevis sakiTxebs aregulirebs zemoaRniSnuli kanonis me-12, 121 da me-13-e muxlebi.

msjavrdebuli uflebamosilia administraciuli sa-marTaldarRvevis oqmis/gafrTxilebis Sesaxeb oqmis gac-nobidan 5 samuSao dRis vadaSi gaasaCivros igi probaciis biuros ufrosTan, romelic sakiTxs ganixilavs da wyvets 15 samuSao dRis vadaSi.

271; K. Laubenthal, Strafvollzug. Sechste Auflage. Heidelberg 2011. S. 407.

972 U. Eisenberg, Jugendgerichtsgesetz. Kommentar. 11. Auflage. München 2006. S. 271.

463

msjavrdebuli valdebulia administraciuli samar-TaldarRvevis oqmis gacnobidan 30 dRis vadaSi gadaixa-dos misTvis dakisrebuli jarima.

Tu msjavrdebuli probaciis oficris mier dadgenil drosa da adgilas gamocxadda alkoholuri simTvralis mdgomareobaSi, ar emorCileba probaciis oficris kano-nier moTxovnas an arakoreqtulad iqceva da daarRvevs am kanonis me-12 muxlis 4 da 41 muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebul gamocxadebis valdebulebas dajarimdeba 100 lariT. igi-ve qmedeba Cadenili ganmeorebiT erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi gamoiwvevs msjavrdebulis dajarimebas 200 lariT. aras-rulwlovanis da socialurad daucvelis mier gansazR-vruli reJimis darRveva - mis gafrTxilebas (51 muxli), ganmeorebis SemTxvevaSi (erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi) - isev gafrTxilebas.

msjavrdebulis mier dadgenili reJimis samjer an met-jer darRveva bolo darRvevidan erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi iwvevs jarimas 300 laris odenobiT.

msjavrdebulis mier dadgenili reJimis mesamed da me-tjer darRveva aseve SeiZleba gaxdes probaciis biuros uflebamosili piris mier sasamarTlosTvis wardginebiT mimarTvis safuZveli.

probaciis oficeri uflebamosilia pirobiT msjavr-debulsa da pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebul pirs, msja-vrdebulis riskisa da saWiroebis Sefasebis safuZvelze,973 daakisros sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis ministris mier dadgenili Sesabamisi savaldebulo sareabilitacio kursis gavlis valdebuleba.

`arasapatimro sasjelTa aRsrulebis wesisa da proba-ciis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-121 muxlis Tanaxmad, msjavrdebulis mier am kanoniT dadgenili reJimis darR-

973 msjavrdebulis riskisa da saWiroebis Sefasebis Sesaxeb ix., m. SalikaSvili / d. CixlaZe, pirobiT vadamde gasaTavisuflebeli ms-javrdebulebisaTvis risk-faqtorebis Sefasebis kriminologiuri analizi. Tbilisi 2013.

464

veva sapatiod SeiZleba CaiTvalos, Tu arsebobs erT-er-Ti Semdegi garemoeba: a) msjavrdebulis janmrTelobis iseTi mdgomareoba, romelic SeuZlebels xdis dadgenili reJimis Sesrulebas, rasac adasturebs eqimis mier gace-muli Sesabamisi cnoba; b) msjavrdebulis axlo naTesavis (mSobeli, mSvilebeli, Svili, Svilobili, papa, bebia, Svi-liSvili, da, Zma, meuRle (maT Soris, ganqorwinebuli)) an masTan mudmivad mcxovrebi piris gardacvaleba; g) msja-vrdebulis samsaxurebriv an profesiul, anda sportul, kulturul an saganmanaTleblo-samecniero saqmianobas-Tan dakavSirebuli mivlineba, rasac adasturebs Sesabami-si dokumenti; d) msjavrdebulis mier dadgenili reJimis darRveva misgan damoukidebeli mizezebis gamo, dauZle-veli Zalis (forsmaJoris) arsebobisas, kerZod, stiqiuri ubedurebis, avariis, xanZris, masobrivi areulobis, samxe-dro moqmedebis, karantinis an sagangebo mdgomareobis gamocxadebis SemTxvevaSi, rasac adasturebs Sesabamisi saxelmwifo dawesebulebis mier gacemuli dokumenti; e) msjavrdebulisTvis administraciuli patimrobis Sefar-deba, agreTve msjavrdebulis monawileoba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobiT dadgenil saproceso moqmedebebSi, aseve samarTaldamcavi organoebis `opera-tiul-samZebro saqmianobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul saqmianobaSi, rasac adasturebs Sesa-bamisi dokumenti; v) msjavrdebulis samxedro sarezervo samsaxurSi yofna, rac dasturdeba Sesabamisi dokumen-tiT, romelic waredgineba probaciis biuros msjavrdebu-lis samxedro sarezervo samsaxurSi gawvevamde.

CamoTvlili garemoebis damadasturebel dokuments msjavrdebuli warudgens Sesabamis probaciis biuros.

11.2 arsebuli mdgomareobis analizi

arsebuli mdgomareobis analizisTvis pirvel rigSi aucilebelia gavecnoT probaciis erovnuli saagentos

465

statistikur monacemebs. am monacemebis Tanaxmad, proba-cionerTa raodenoba wlebis da asakis mixedviT Semdegia:974

weli probacionerTa saerTo

raodenoba

saqmeebis raodenoba

erT oficerze

2011 38 681 264

2012 33 109 161

2013 13 642

maT Soris:

80

kaci - 12352/ 93%

qali - 680/5%

arasrulwlovani - 298/2%

statistikuri monacemebis analizi miuTiTebs qveya-naSi gatarebuli `nulovani tolerantobis~ kriminaluri politikidan liberalur-kriminaluri politikaze gadas-vlas.975

danaSaulisadmi `nulovani tolerantobis~ kriminalu-ri politikis ganxorcielebam da `yvela cixeSi~ principis gatarebam gamoiwvia rogorc sasjelaRsrulebis dawese-bulebebis gadatvirTva, aseve probacionerTa raodenobis zrda. probacionerTa raodenobis zrdam piks 2012 wlis ivnisSi miaRwia, rodesac probaciis erovnuli saagentos

974 http://www.probation.gov.ge/cms/site–images/pdf/oriatascameti.pdf, 2014 wlis 22 Tebervlis mdgomareobiT.

975 bolo wlebSi ganxorcielebuli sisxlis samarTlis politikis Sedegebis Sesaxeb ixileT: m. SalikaSvili, arasrulwlovanTa gan-ridebis da mediaciis programis sisxlissamarTlebrivi, krimi-nologiuri da fsiqologiuri aspeqtebi. Tbilisi 2013. gv. 25-27.

466

monacemTa bazaSi 40 469 probacioneri dafiqsirda.976

saqmeebis raodenoba erT oficerze aris erT-erTi yvelaze saintereso sakiTxi. rogorc ukve aRiniSna pro-baciis oficeri sistematurad muSaobs probacionerTan. oficris muSaobis xarisxi sxva aspeqtebTan erTad proba-cionerTa raodenobazea damokidebuli. oficerma unda SeZlos ara formaluri, aramed realuri kontroli da daxmareba gauwios probacioners.

probaciis erovnuli saagentos oficialuri statis-tikuri monacemebiT 11 probaciis biuro arsebobs saqar-TveloSi. erT probaciis oficerze sameTvalyureod da dasaxmareblad modis 80 probacioneri. evropuli (germa-nuli) praqtika am mxriv ar aris ukeTesi. germaniaSic erT probaciis oficerze saSualod 60-80 probacioneri mo-dis.977 Tumca unda aRiniSnos is gansxvaveba rac am or qveya-naSi arsebobs probacionerebis daxmarebis kuTxiT:

1) socialuri saxelmwifogermania socialuri saxelmwifos principis mimdevari

da praqtikaSi ganmaxorcielebelia. Sesabamisad, msjavr-debulis resocializacia saxelmwifo umaRles sakanonm-deblo da praqtikul donezea ayvanili. socialuri saxel-mwifos pirobebSi probacionerisTvis daxmarebis gaweva saxelmwifos valdebulebad aris miCneuli da ara rogorc Cveni sakanonmdeblo aqtiT aris regulirebuli, rom pro-baciis oficeri SesaZleblobis farglebSi cdilobs daex-maros probacioners;

2) fulis qona germanuli kanonmdebobis mixedviT, msjavrdebulis

resocializacia xdeba savaldebulo samuSaos ganxorcie-lebis meSveobiT. `kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli resocia-lizacia savaldebulo samuSaos Sesrulebis meSveobiT, romelic eqvemdebareba mxolod an umTavresad finansur


977 http://www.justiz.bayern.de/gericht;

467

anazRaurebas mxolod maSin akmayofilebs konstituciiT gaTvaliswinebuli resocializaciis ideas, rodesac Se-saZlebelia patimrisTvis gankuTvnili anazRaurebiT, misi odenobidan gamomdinare, misTvis cxadi gaxdes is garemoe-ba, rom mudmivi samuSao Tavis rCenis mizanSewonili da go-nivruli saSualebaa~.978

savaldebulo anazRaurebadi samuSaos pirobebSi, msja-vrdebuls SeuZlia Tanxa daagrovos da cixidan gamosvlis Semdeg, rogorc probacioners naklebi socialuri xasia-Tis (bina, sakvebi, Casacmeli da a.S.) problemebi eqmneba;

3) cixidan gamodis garkveuli profesiuli codniTgermaniis sasjelaRsrulebis daewesebulebaSi msja-

vrdebuls SesaZlebloba aqvs daeuflos sxvadasxva saxis profesiebs da miiRos Sesabamisi sertifikati. cixidan ga-mosul probacioners, romelsac garkveuli samuSao pro-fesiuli gamocdileba aqvs ufro didi Sansi aqvs dasaq-mebis, vidre probacioners, romelsac araviTari samuSao gamocdileba ar gaaCnia;

4) qveynis ekonomikuri mdgomareoba qveynis ekonomikuri mdgomareoba erT-erTi mniSvnelo-

vani aspeqtia probacionerisTvis daxmarebis gawevis saki-TxSi. samuSao adgilebis arseboba an probacionerisTvis garkveuli periodiT sacxovrebeli saSualebis micema, da-mokidebulia swored qveynis ekonomikur SesaZleblobaze.

probaciis samsaxuri aqtiurad unda muSaobdes arasam-Tavrobo organizaciebTan da religiur jgufebTan. pro-baciis oficerma sazogadoebrivi organizaciebis daxma-rebiT SesaZlebelia swrafad gadauWras probacioners an cixidan gamosul msjavrdebuls samuSaos da sacxovrebe-li adgilis povnis an im Tanxis miRebis sakiTxi, rac saWi-roa saxlamde misasvlelad.979



468

mniSvnelovania probaciis oficrebis gadamzadebis sakiTxi. imisaTvis, rom probaciis oficerma maszed da-kisrebuli `ormagi funqcia~ - zedamxedveloba da daxma-reba - Seasrulos saWiroa misi sistematuri gadamzadeba da profesiuli amaRleba. probaciis oficrebma 2013 wels gaiares Semdegi saxis treningebi:980 arasrulwlovanTa gan-ridebis da mediaciis programa, probaciis oficris roli socialur samuSaoSi, samarTlebrivi marTlwera, Sefase-bis unarebis ganviTareba, msjavrdebulis momzadeba gaTa-visuflebisaTvis, adamianuri resursebis marTva, perso-nalis marTva, personaluri informaciis dacva, ojaxuri Zaladobis sakiTxebi da sxv.

11.3 Tavisuflebis SezRudvis aRsruleba

liberaluri sisxlis samarTlis politikaze gadas-vlis farglebSi moxda Tavisuflebis SezRudvis dawese-bulebis aSeneba. saxelmwifos mxridan aris mcdeloba, rom sasjelis es forma gamoyenebul iqnas praqtikaSi.

2011 wlis 27 dekembris sakanonmdeblo cvlilebiT ̀ ara-sapatimro sasjelTa aRsrulebis wesisa da probaciis Se-saxeb~ saqarTvelos kanons daemata X1 Tavi, romelic are-gulirebs Tavisuflebis SezRudvis aRsrulebas. aRniSnu-li kanonis 441 muxlis mixedviT, Tavisuflebis SezRudvis aRsruleba xorcieldeba dawesebulebis teritoriaze msjavrdebulis individualuri gegmis (progresuli geg-mis) mixedviT, romlis pirobebsac gansazRvravs dawesebu-lebis ufrosi. sasjelis saxiT Tavisuflebis SezRudvis Sesaxeb samarTlebrivi aqtis aRsasruleblad miRebis Sem-deg msjavrdebuls, saWiroebidan gamomdinare, ganesazR-vreba dawesebulebaSi arsebul sareabilitacio progra-mebSi monawileobis valdebuleba, aseve misi TanxmobiT, fizikuri da gonebrivi SesaZleblobebis gaTvaliswinebiT,


469

Sesabamisi momzadebis gavlis Semdeg ganesazRvreba Sromi-Ti saqmianoba probaciis erovnuli saagentos samewarmeo an arasamewarmeo iuridiul pirTan. TavisuflebaSezRu-duli piris SromiTi saqmianoba anazRaurebadia.

Tavisuflebis SezRudvis moxdis pirobebi gulisxmobs sasjelis moxdis periodSi msjavrdebulis dawesebuleba-Si mudmivad yofnas, garda saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili arasamuSao da uqme dReebisa, Tu dawesebule-bis tipuri debulebiT sxva ram ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli. Tavisuflebis SezRudvis moxdis periodSi msjavrdebuls ekrZaleba dawesebulebis teritoriidan gasvla dawese-bulebis ufrosis werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe. nebarTva SeiZleba gaices mxolod teritoriis datovebis mizezis dasabuTebis Semdeg. dawesebulebaSi yofnisas msjavrde-buli sargeblobs internetiT, satelefono da sxva sako-munikacio saSualebebiT, agreTve xanmokle paemnis ufle-biT mSobelTan, mSvilebelTan, SvilTan, naSvilebTan, meu-RlesTan, dasTan, ZmasTan.

dawesebulebaSi msjavrdebulTan tardeba sareabi-litacio muSaoba. sareabilitacio da saganmanaTleblo programebis organizebas uzrunvelyofs dawesebuleba. probaciis erovnuli saagento msjavrdebulTa reabili-taciis mizniT TanamSromlobs saxelmwifo uwyebebTan da sxva organizaciebTan. msjavrdebulTan sareabilitacio muSaoba tardeba misi pirovnuli Tvisebebisa da Cadenili danaSaulis xasiaTis gaTvaliswinebiT.

470

meTormete Tavi

grZelvadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTis Sedegebi

evrosabWos ministrTasabWos 2003 wlis 23-e rekomenda-

ciiT (Rec(2003) 23) grZelvadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTad

iTvleba Tavisuflebis aRkveTa xuTi da meti vadiT.

statistikuri monacemebis Tanaxmad, dReis mdgomareo-

biT grZelvadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTas ixdis msjavrde-

bulTa 91 procenti.

grZelvadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTis mizezi aris

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi sasjelis maRali zomebi da

SekrebiTobis principis xSiri gamoyeneba.

kriminologiaSi Catarebulma kvlevebma gviCvena, rom

`normaluri cxovrebis danaklisi da gansacdeli, ro-

melic Tan sdevs patimrobas aaxlovebs patimars cixis

normebTan da danaSaulebriv samyarosTan, ris Sedegedac

xSiria sayovelTaod miRebuli socialuri faseulobebis

uaryofa~.981

grZelvadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTis Sedegebi indi-

vidualuria TiToeuli msjavrdebulisTvis, Tumca kri-

minologiurma kvlevebma gamokveTa is ZiriTadi proble-

mebic, rac SeiZleba grZelvadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTa

msjavrdebulSi iwvevdes.

12.1 ukulturobis procesi

cixisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli SezRudvebis (kontaq-

tebis, uflebebis SezRudva) gamo msjavrdebulSi iwyeba

misTvis cnobili urTierTobebis daviwyebis procesi (Ver-lern-Prozess). rac ufro maRalia Tavisuflebis aRkveTis


471

zoma, miT ufro didxans aris mowyvetili msjavrdebuli

realobas - sazogadoebriv cxovreba da urTierTobeba da

miT ufro mZimea ukulturobis procesis Sedegi.982

12.2 socialuri kontaqtebis dakargvais realoba, rom TavisuflebaaRkveTil msjavrdebuls

ar SeuZlia srulyofilad miiRos monawileoba sakuTari ojaxis daxmarebis sakiTxSi, metad mZime fsiqologiuri da materialuri problemis winaSe ayenebs ojaxs. grZelvadia-ni Tavisuflebis aRkveTis SemTxvevaSi xSiria ojaxis dan-grevis problema. harald proiskerma (Harald Preusker) gamo-kiTxa Tavisufleba aRkveTili msjavrdebulebi sasjelis aRsrulebis dawyebamde maTi ojaxuri kontaqtebis Sesaxeb anu, ras fiqrobdnen isini, ramden xans gagrZeldeboda maTi qorwineba, partniorTan urTierToba. gamokiTxul patimarTa 65 procenti cixeSi Sesvlisas fiqrobda, rom maT qorwinebas safrTxe ar emuqreboda. gamokiTxulTa 87 procents patimrobaSi yofnidan ramdenime welSi daengra ojaxi.983

12.3 kriminaluri subkulturisadmi midrekileba

rac ufro grZelvadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, miT ufro didia riski, rom patimrebi gaerTiandnen cixis su-bkulturaSi.984

982 yofili msjavrdebuli, romelis probaciis oficerTan erTad dasaqmebis oganoSi mivida, yoveli karis win Cerdeboda da elodeboda, rom probaciis oficers misTvis kari „gaexsna“, rogorc iyo igi cixeSi SeCveuli. G. Kawamura-Reindl, Entlassung nach langem Freiheit-sentzug – Voraussetzungen und Efrordernisse für eine Rückkehr in die Gesellschaft. In. Zeitschrift für Strafvollzug und Straffälligenhilfe. Heft 5, 2004. S. 283.983 H. Preusker, Stationen im Vollzug der lebenslangen Freiheitsstrafe. In: W. Nicko-lai/R. Reindl, Lebenslänglich –Zur Disskusion um die Abschaffung der lebenslängli-chen Freiheitsstrafe. Freiburg 1993. S. 20.984 kriminaluri subkulturis Sesaxeb ix. 10.1 qveTavi.

472

12.4 socialuri gaucxoeba

adamianebisaTvis, romlebic grZelvadian sasjels ix-dian damaxasiaTebelia Tanamoqalaqeebisadmi damokidebu-lebis Secvla.985 sxva adamianebTan damokidebulebaSi isini xSirad Riziandebian, agresiuloebi xdebian, urTierTo-bebSi SiSiT an gadametebuli mgrZnobelobiT gamoirCevian, rac arTulebs maT sazogadoebaSi integracias.986 maRalia aseTi adamianebis mxridan TviTdazianebis da suicidis riskebi.987

socialurad axlo mdgom adamianebTan gaucxovebis gamo, bevri yofili msjavrdebuli kargavs sakuTari Ta-vis imeds,988 veRar umklavdeba yoveldRiur problemebs da naswavli dauxmareblobis, daswavlili umweobis mdgo-mareobaSi vardeba.989 yoveldRiuri problemebis daZlevis unari xSirad msjavrdebulebs cixeSi moxvedramde ar gaaC-ndaT, akldaT.990 cixis pirobebSi, raTqma unda es unari maT ufro dakarges, radgan cixeSi maT realurad aRarafris gadawyveta ar evalebaT. maTTvis gadawyvetilebas iRebs dawesebulebis xelmZRvaneloba.

985 G. Kawamura-Reindl, Entlassung nach langem Freiheitsentzug – Voraussetzun-gen und Efrordernisse für eine Rückkehr in die Gesellschaft. In. Zeitschrift für Straf-vollzug und Straffälligenhilfe. Heft 5, 2004. S. 284.986 iqve.


988 W. Greve/D. Hosser/ Ch. Pfeiffer, Gefängnis und die Folgen. Identitätsentwick-lung und kriminelles Handeln während und nach Verbüßung einer Jugendstrafe. KFN Bericht #64. . Hannover 1997. S.13.989 G. Kawamura-Reindl, Entlassung nach langem Freiheitsentzug – Voraussetzun-gen und Efrordernisse für eine Rückkehr in die Gesellschaft. In. Zeitschrift für Straf-vollzug und Straffälligenhilfe. Heft 5, 2004. S. 284; W. Greve/D. Hosser/ Ch. Pfeiffer, Gefängnis und die Folgen. Identitätsentwicklung und kriminelles Handeln während und nach Verbüßung einer Jugendstrafe. KFN Bericht #64. . Hannover 1997. S.14.990 W. Greve/D. Hosser/ Ch. Pfeiffer, Gefängnis und die Folgen. Identitätsentwick-lung und kriminelles Handeln während und nach Verbüßung einer Jugendstrafe. KFN Bericht #64. Hannover 1997. S.13.

473

12.5 janmrTelobis da fsiqosomaturi problemebi

patimrebs Soris fsiqosomaturi problemebi ufro xSi-ria, vidre mosaxleobis sxva nawilSi.991 erT-erTma kvlevam aCvena, rom gamokiTxul mamakac patimarTa 2/3 fsiqiku-rad arajanmrTeli da samkurnalo iyo.992 cixis situacia patimris fsiqikisaTvis metad rTuli asatania. patimreb-Si fsiqikuri arastabiluroba xSirad iwvevs nawlavur da sisxlis mimoqceviT problemebs. dawesebulebis eqimis arakvalificiurobis an arasakmarisi gamocdilebis gamo xSirad janmrTelobis gauaresebis dros zusti diagnozis dadgena Zalian rTulia.

12.6 nacixaris etiketireba da diskriminacia

erT-erT yvelaze seriozul problemas warmoadgens cixidan gamosuli adamianis damnaSaved etiketirebis pro-blema.993 etiketirebulis mxridan xdeba damnaSavis iarli-yis morgeba da gamarTleba, rac ganmeorebiT danaSaulis CadenaSi vlindeba.994 saqarTveloSi 2013 wels Catarebul-ma kvlevam aCvena, rom sazogadoeba jer kidev ar aris mzad integrireba moaxdinos cixidan gamosuli pirovnebis. xSi-ria damsaqmeblebis mxridan uari maT samsaxurSi ayvanaze.

daskvnis saxiT unda iTqvas, rom msjavrdebulebs, romlebmac grZelvadiani sasjeli moixades, unda momza-ddnen gaTavisuflebisTvis, radgan maTi dapatimrebis

991 G. Kawamura-Reindl, Entlassung nach langem Freiheitsentzug – Voraussetzun-gen und Efrordernisse für eine Rückkehr in die Gesellschaft. In. Zeitschrift für Straf-vollzug und Straffälligenhilfe. Heft 5, 2004. S. 284.992 W. Greve/D. Hosser/ Ch. Pfeiffer, Gefängnis und die Folgen. Identitätsentwick-lung und kriminelles Handeln während und nach Verbüßung einer Jugendstrafe. KFN Bericht #64. Hannover 1997. S.14.993 m. SalikaSvili, kriminologia. meore gamocema. Tbilisi 2011. gv.208

994 W. Greve/D. Hosser/ Ch. Pfeiffer, Gefängnis und die Folgen. Identitätsentwick-lung und kriminelles Handeln während und nach Verbüßung einer Jugendstrafe. KFN Bericht #64. Hannover 1997. S.13.

474

dros sazogadoebasa da saxelmwifoSi moqmedi struqtu-rebi, romelebic maT cixidan gamosvlis Semdeg daxmarebas gauwevdnen SeiZleba aRarc ki arsebobdnen.995 penitenciu-ri organoebi ver moamzadeben patimrebs gasaTavisufle-blad samoqalaqo sazogadoebaSi arsebuli sxva dawesebu-lebebis daxmarebis gareSe. samTavrobo da arasamTavro-bo organizaciebi aqtiurad unda Caeban sazogadoebaSi maTi xelaxali integraciis dagegmvaSi. sazogadoebrivi organizaciebi, romlebic gaTavisuflebis Semdeg yofil patimrebTan muSaoben unda mividnen cixeSi da daamyaron urTierToba patimrebTan maT gaTavisuflebamde.996


996 iqve.

475

mecamete Tavi

sasjelaRsrulebis sistemis erovnuli da saerTaSoriso monitoringis sistema

13.1 saqarTvelos saxalxo damcveli

individis uflebaTa damcavi sxvadasxva saSualebis arsebobis miuxedavad, faqtad rCeba is garemoeba, rom pi-rovneba iuridiulad daucvelia sxvadasxva uwyebis, dawe-sebulebis, Tanamdebobis pirisa da TviT saxelmwifosgan, radgan konstituciaSi sakmaod farTed deklarirebuli adamianis uflebebi ver icavs mas administraciis TviTne-bobisa da usamarTlobisgan. es xdeba maSi, rodesac arse-bobs samarTlebrivi meqanizmi im biurokratiuli manqanis winaaRmdeg, romelsac kanoni an kanonqvemdebare aqtebis safuZvelze didi uflebamosileba aqvs.997

saxelmwifos mxridan uflebebisa da Tavisuflebe-bis uzrunvelyofa, warmoadgens xelisuflebis SezRud-vis Tavisebur meqanizms, romelic yovelTvis miiswrafvis adamianis cxovrebis yvela sferoSi gaZlierebisa da ga-farToebisken. swored amitom gaxda aucilebeli axali sa-marTlebrivi xasiaTis meqanizmebis Seqmna da xelisufle-bis borotad gamoyenebis sawinaaRmdegod, moqmedis srul-yofa.998

ombudsmenis instituts gansakuTrebuli adgili uka-via im meqanizmebs Soris, romlebic icaven adamianis ufle-bebs da kanonier interesebs saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis organoTa TviTnebobisgan. ombudsmenis institutis Semo-997 g.miqanaZe, saxalxo damcvelis instituti saqarTveloSi, stati-aTa krebuli `adamianis uflebaTa evropuli standartebi da maTi gavlena saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobasa da praqtikaze~, germaniis teqnikuri TanamSromlobisa da saqarTvelos iusticiis saswavlo centris gamocema, Tbilisi, 2006, gv. 211

998 g.miqanaZe, evropis ombudsmenebi, fondi `Ria sazogadoeba – saqa-rTvlo~–s gamocema, Tbilisi, 1999, gv. 10

476

Reba ganpirobebuli iyo saxelmwifo organoTa mier ada-mianis uflebebis darRvevisas uflebebis dacvis meqaniz-mis ganmtkicebis, moqalaqeebSi biurokratiuli sistemis mimarT daucvelobis grZnobis Semcirebis, mmarTvelobis xarisxis gaumjobesebisa da pirovnebasa da saxelmwifos Soris urTierTobis humanizirebis mizniT.999

mTels msoflioSi saxelmwifo saqmianobis kritikis miuxedavad, ombudsmeni xels uwyobs administraciisad-mi ndobis gazrdas. swored amitom es instituti iTvleba aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis saqmianobaSi kanonierebisa da samarTlebrivi safuZvlis ganmtkicebis mniSvnelovan faqtorad, arasasamarTlo kontrolis formad. misi mTa-vari principia adamianis uflebebis dacva, gansxvavebuli saparlamento, sasamarTlo, administraciuli Tu sxvagva-ri kontrolisa da zedamxedvelobis formisgan.1000

saqarTvelos saxalxo damcveli (ombudsmeni) aris konstituciuri instituti, romelic zedamxedvelobas uwevs saqarTvelos teritoriaze adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvas, avlens maTi darRvevis faqtebs, xels uwyobs darRveuli uflebebis aRdgenas.1001

saqarTvelos saxalxo damcveli ganixilavs adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa darRvevis Sesaxeb gancxade-basa da saCivars im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ganmcxadebeli sadavod xdis: (a) sajaro dawesebulebis gadawyvetilebas; (b) sasa-

999 g.miqanaZe, saxalxo damcvelis instituti saqarTveloSi: prob-lemebi da prioritetebi, statiaTa krebuli `adamianis uflebaTa dacva erovnul da saerTaSoriso samarTalSi~, saqarTvelos axal-gazrda iuristTa asociaciisa da saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa aka-demiis saxelmwifosa da samarTlis institutis gamocema, Tbilisi, 2002, gv. 177

1000 g.miqanaZe, saxalxo damcvelis instituti saqarTveloSi, stati-aTa krebuli `adamianis uflebaTa evropuli standartebi da maTi gavlena saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobasa da praqtikaze~, germaniis teqnikuri TanamSromlobisa da saqarTvelos iusticiis saswavlo centris gamocema, Tbilisi, 2006, gv. 212

1001 organuli kanoni saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis Sesaxeb, mux-li 3(1,2)

477

marTlo ganxilvis procesSi saqarTvelos kanonmdeblo-biT miniWebuli uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis Selaxvas an darRvevas; (g) dakavebuli, dapatimrebuli an sxvagva-rad TavisuflebaSezRuduli pirisTvis saqarTvelos ka-nonmdeblobiT uzrunvelyofili uflebebis darRvevas; (d) normatiuli aqtebis saqarTvelos konstituciis meore TavTan Sesabamisobas; (e) referendumisa da arCevnebis mo-mwesrigebeli normebis da am normebis safuZvelze Catare-buli an Casatarebeli arCevnebis (referendumis) konsti-tuciurobas.1002

saqarTvelos saxalxo damcveli asrulebs gaerTiane-buli erebis organizaciis wamebisa da sxva sastiki, araada-mianuri an damamcirebeli mopyrobis an sasjelis winaaR-mdeg konvenciis fakultaturi oqmiT gaTvaliswinebuli prevenciis erovnuli meqanizmis funqciebs1003 (ix. Tavi `prevenciis erovnuli meqanizmi~).

saqarTvelos saxalxo damcveli ganixilavs saqarTve-los moqalaqeTa, ucxo qveynis moqalaqeTa da moqalaqeo-bis armqone pirTa, agreTve kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pirTa, politikur da religiur gaerTianebaTa gancxade-bebsa da saCivrebs, romlebic exeba saxelmwifo xelisu-flebisa da adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoTa, sajaro dawesebulebaTa da Tanamdebobis pirTa qmedebebs an aqtebs saqarTvelos konstituciiTa da kanoniT dadge-nil uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa, agreTve im saerTaSori-so xelSekrulebaTa da SeTanxmebebiT dadgenil uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa darRvevis Sesaxeb, romelTa monawilec aris saqarTvelo.1004

saxalxo damcvels ufleba aqvs ar ganixilos gancxade-ba an saCivari, romlis Taobazec mas miRebuli hqonda ga-



1004 iqve, muxli 13

478

dawyvetileba, Tu ar warmoiqmneba axali garemoebani.1005 gancxadeba da saCivari ar ibegreba saxelmwifo gada-

saxadiT.1006 saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis mier dain-teresebuli pirisaTvis gaweuli samsaxuri ufasoa.1007 sa-xalxo damcveli ganixilavs moqalaqeTa gancxadebebsa da saCivrebs adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa, ekonomikur, socialur da kulturul, samoqalaqo da po-litikur uflebebTan dakavSirebiT.

gancxadeba an/da saCivari unda iyos dawerili saxalxo damcvelis saxelze, garkveviT, qarTul enaze, unda moica-vdes ZiriTadi sakiTxis, garemoebebis aRweras da ganmcxa-deblis zust misamarTs. gancxadeba an/da saCivari SeiZle-ba saxalxo damcvels gadaegzavnos fostiT an moqalaqem uSualod miitanos saxalxo damcvelis ofisSi.

dakavebis, winaswari patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis SezRudvis sxva adgilebSi myof pirTa mier saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelisaTvis gagzavnili gancxadebebi, saCi-vrebi da werilebi konfidencialuria, maTi gaxsna da cen-zura akrZalulia; isini dauyovnebliv unda gadaeces sa-qarTvelos saxalxo damcvels.1008

uflebebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi saxalxo damcvels SeuZlia:

• adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvis uzrunvelyofis, dakavebulTa, patimrobaSi myof an sxvagvarad TavisuflebaSezRudul pirTa da msjavrdebulTa pirobebisa da maT mimarT mopyro-bis gaumjobesebis, agreTve wamebisa da sxva sasti-ki, araadamianuri an damamcirebeli mopyrobis an sasjelis Tavidan acilebis mizniT saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobasTan da kanonproeqtebTan dakavSi-




1008 iqve, muxli 15

479

rebiT winadadebebi, SeniSvnebi da rekomendaciebi warudginos saqarTvelos parlaments an sxva Sesa-bamis organos;

• adamianis darRveul uflebaTa da Tavisufleba-Ta aRsadgenad winadadebebi da rekomendaciebi gaugzavnos im saxelmwifo xelisuflebisa da ad-gilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebs, sajaro dawesebulebebsa da Tanamdebobis pirebs, romelTa moqmedebamac gamoiwvia saxelmwifos mier garanti-rebul adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa da-rRveva;

• winadadebiT mimarTos Sesabamis sagamoZiebo or-ganoebs gamoZiebis an/da sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebis moTxovniT, Tu saqmis ganxilvis Sedegad miva daskvnamde, rom arsebobs danaSaulis niSnebi;

• Sesabamis organoebSi Seitanos winadadebebi im pir-Ta disciplinuri an administraciuli pasuxismge-blobis Sesaxeb, romelTa moqmedebamac gamoiwvia adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa darRveva;

• calkeul SemTxvevebSi Seasrulos sasamarTlos megobris (Amicus Curiae) funqcia saerTo sasamarT-loebsa da saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarT-loSi;

• masobrivi informaciis saSualebebs acnobos ada-mianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa darRvevasTan dakavSirebiT Catarebuli Semowmebis Sedegebi;

• miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi Seitanos yovelwliur da specialur angariSebSi;

• werilobiT mimarTos saqarTvelos prezidents, Tu miiCnevs, rom mis gankargulebaSi arsebuli reagi-rebis saSualebebi arasakmarisia;

• sakonstitucio sasamarTlos mimarTos konstitu-ciuri sarCeliT referendumisa da arCevnebis mo-

480

mwesrigebeli normebis da am normebis safuZvelze Catarebuli an Casatarebeli arCevnebis (referen-dumis) konstituciurobasTan dakavSirebiT, an Tu normatiuli aqtiT an misi calkeuli normebiT da-rRveulia saqarTvelos konstituciis meore TavSi aRiarebuli adamianis uflebani da Tavisuflebani;

• gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi mimarTos saqarTvelos parlaments adamianis uflebaTa da Tavisufleba-Ta darRvevis faqtTan dakavSirebiT saqarTvelos parlamentis droebiTi sagamoZiebo komisiis Se-qmnisa da parlamentis mier sakiTxis ganxilvis mo-TxovniT.1009

saqarTvelos saxalxo damcveli saqarTvelos par-laments weliwadSi erTxel, kalendaruli wlis martSi warudgens angariSs qveyanaSi adamianis uflebaTa da Ta-visuflebaTa dacvis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb.1010 saxalxo damcvelis angariSSi unda mieTiTos saxelmwifo xelisu-flebisa da adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis is organoebi da Tanamdebobis pirebi, romlebic arRvevdnen adamianis uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs, ar iTvaliswinebdnen saqar-Tvelos saxalxo damcvelis rekomendaciebs am uflebaTa aRdgenis RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb.1011 saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis angariSi unda Seicavdes qveyanaSi adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvis Sesaxeb zogad Sefa-sebebs, daskvnebsa da rekomendaciebs.1012

saqarTvelos saxalxo damcveli saqarTvelos parla-ments sagazafxulo sesiaze yovelwliur angariSTan daka-vSirebiT warudgens moxsenebas adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvis sferoSi arsebuli mdgomareobis Sesaxeb.1013

1009 iqve, muxli 21





481

13.2 prevenciis erovnuli meqanizmi

2009 wlis 16 ivliss “saxalxo damcvelis Sesaxeb” saqar-Tvelos organul kanonSi ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebis Tanaxmad saxalxo damcvelis asrulebs gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis wamebisa da sxva sastiki, araadamia-nuri an damamcirebeli mopyrobis an sasjelis winaaRm-deg konvenciis fakultaturi oqmiT gaTvaliswinebuli prevenciis erovnuli meqanizmis funqciebs.1014 prevenciis erovnuli meqanizmis miznebidan gamomdinare, saqarTve-los saxalxo damcveli valdebulia iTanamSromlos gaer-Tianebuli erebis organizaciis Sesabamis organoebTan da meqanizmebTan, agreTve saerTaSoriso, regionalur da erovnul institutebTan an organizaciebTan.1015

prevenciis erovnuli meqanizmis funqciebis Sesrule-bis mizniT saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis aparatSi Se-qmnilia prevenciisa da monitoringis departamenti, rome-lic regularulad amowmebs dakavebul, patimrobaSi myof an sxvagvarad TavisuflebaSezRudul pirTa da msjavr-debulTa mdgomareobas da maTdami mopyrobas wamebisa da sxva sastiki, araadamianuri an damamcirebeli mopyrobi-sagan an sasjelisagan dacvis mizniT. specialuri preven-ciuli jgufis wevri SeiZleba iyos piri, romelsac aqvs sa-Tanado ganaTleba, profesiuli gamocdileba da saqmiani da moraluri TvisebebiT SeuZlia Seasrulos prevenciis erovnuli meqanizmis funqciebi. specialuri prevenciuli jgufis wevri ar SeiZleba iyos politikuri partiis wevri an monawileobdes politikur saqmianobaSi. prevenciis erovnuli meqanizmis funqciebis Sesrulebisas specialu-ri prevenciuli jgufis wevrebi moqmedeben saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis specialuri rwmunebis safuZvelze da angariSvaldebuli arian mxolod saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis winaSe. specialuri prevenciuli jgufis we-



482

vrebs ufleba aqvT, ar miscen Cveneba im faqtis gamo, ro-melic maT gaandes prevenciis erovnuli meqanizmis fun-qciebis Sesrulebisas. maT es ufleba unarCundebaT spe-cialuri prevenciuli jgufis wevris uflebamosilebis Sewyvetis Semdegac. ar SeiZleba specialuri prevenciuli jgufis wevrisTvis gankuTvnil safosto-satelegrafo korespondenciaze, safosto gzavnilze yadaRis dadeba, maTi Semowmeba da amoReba.1016

specialuri prevenciuli jgufis wevri amowmebs daka-vebis, winaswari patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis SezRudvis sxva adgilebSi adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvis mdgomareobas.1017 specialuri prevenciuli jgu-fis wevri: a)mowmis gareSe, piradad an Tarjimnis meSveo-biT xvdeba da esaubreba dakavebulebs, patimrobaSi myof an sxvagvarad TavisuflebaSezRudul pirebsa da msja-vrdebulebs, fsiqiatriul dawesebulebebSi, moxucTa TavSesafrebsa da bavSvTa saxlebSi moTavsebul pirebs, agreTve im pirebs, romelTac SeuZliaT aRniSnul pir-Ta uflebebis darRvevis Sesaxeb informaciis miwodeba; b)amowmebs patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawese-bulebebSi, dakavebisa da Tavisuflebis SezRudvis sxva ad-gilebSi, agreTve fsiqiatriul dawesebulebebSi, moxucTa TavSesafrebsa da bavSvTa saxlebSi moTavsebul pirTa iq yofnis damadasturebel dokumentacias.1018

specialuri prevenciuli jgufis wevris Sexvedra dakavebulebTan, patimrobaSi myof an sxvagvarad Tavisu-flebaSezRudul pirebTan da msjavrdebulebTan, agreTve fsiqiatriul dawesebulebebSi, moxucTa TavSesafrebsa da bavSvTa saxlebSi moTavsebul pirebTan konfidencialu-ria. raime saxis miyuradeba an TvalTvali dauSvebelia.1019

1016 iqve, muxli 191




483

sazogadoebrivi monitoringis gaZlierebis mizniT, ga-farTovda prevenciis erovnul meqanizmSi monawile eqs-pertTa sia. 2013 wlis ivlisSi specialurma komisiam Sear-Cia 40 eqsperti, romlebic warmoadgenen 20-mde arasam-Tavrobo organizacias da media saSualebebs, aseve, arian damoukidebeli eqspertebi, xolo 27 eqsperti ayvanil iqna rezervSi.1020

13.3 wamebis sawinaaRmdego gaeros komiteti da prevenciis qve–komiteti

wamebis sawinaaRmdego komiteti gaeros adamianis uflebaTa sistemis farglebSi moqmedi gansakuTrebuli organoa, romelSic gaerTianebuli arian damoukidebeli eqspertebi. mis umTavres funqcias wamebisa da sxva sasti-ki, araadamianuri an damamcirebeli mopyrobis an dasjis sawinaaRmdego konvenciis monawile saxelmwifoebis mier konvenciiT gaTvalisiwnebuli saerTaSoriso valdebule-bebis Sesrulebaze zedamxedveloba warmoadgens. komite-ti Sedgeba adamianis uflebaTa dacvis sferoSi aRiarebu-li aTi eqspertisgan.1021

konvenciis monawile saxelmwifoebma wamebis sawinaaR-mdego gaeros komitets unda warudginon werilobiTi moxseneba yovel oTx weliwadSi erTxel. komiteti amow-mebs moxsenebas da atarebs oficialur sajaro Sexvedras saxelmwifoebis warmomadgenlebTan erTad. komiteti iRebs damatebiT informacias araoficialurad, sxva wya-roebidan, rogoricaa magaliTad arasamTavrobo organi-zaciebi. am procesis mizans warmoadgens komitetis mier wevr saxelmwifoSi wamebisa da cudi mopyrobis Sesaxeb realuri suraTis miReba. aRniSnulis dadgenis SemTxveva-

1020 ix. eqspertTa sia veb-gverdze: http://ombudsman.ge/index.php?page=1001&lang=0&id=1747 1021 wamebisa da sxva sastiki, araadamianuri an damamcirebeli mopy-robis an dasjis sawinaaRmdego konvencia, muxli 17(1)

484

Si, komiteti gascems rekomendaciebs, raTa ukeTesad iqnas Sesrulebuli saxelmwifos mier konvenciiT nakisri val-debulebebi, wamebis Tavidan acilebisa da aRkveTis miz-niT.1022

komiteti aseve axorcielebs konfidencialur gamoZie-bas sistemuri gamoZiebis dasasabuTeblad.aseTi gamoZie-ba Catardeba, Tu komiteti miiRebs utyuar informacias, romelic Seicavs dasabuTebul monacemeb wamebis sistema-tiur gamoyenebaze. komiteti sTavazobs TanamSromlobas wevr saxelmwifos.1023 komitetma, saxelmwifos TanxmobiT, SesaZloa gamoZiebis farglebSi ganaxorcielos viziti mis teritoriaze.1024 mopovebuli masalis gamokvlevis Semdeg, komiteti gadaugzavnis saxelmwifos aRniSnul masalas im komentarebTan an winadadebebTan erTad, romlebic gamom-dinareobs arsebuli situaciidan.1025 Catarebul gamoZie-basTan dakavSirebuli procedurebis dasrulebisas, ko-mitets SeuZlia Sesabamis saxelmwifosTan konsultaciis Semdeg, am proceduris Sedegebis mokle angariSi CarTos yovelwliur moxsenebaSi.1026 saxelmwifos TanxmobiT ko-mitetis mier gamocemuli erT-erTi bolo moxseneba aris konvenciis me-20 muxlis pirobebis mixedviTCatarebuli gamoZieba meqsikaSi (2001-2002ww.).1027

komitetis kompetencias ganekuTvneba agreTve indivi-dualur pirTa an maTi saxeliT wardgenili Setyobinebebis ganxilva, romliTac maT mimarT xdeba monawile saxelmwi-

1022 wamebis aRkveTis praqtikuli saxelmZRvanelo, adamianis ufle-baTa saganmanaTleblo centris gamocema, Tbilisi, 2006, gv. 23

1023 wamebisa da sxva sastiki, araadamianuri an damamcirebeli mopy-robis an dasjis sawinaaRmdego konvencia, muxli 20(1)




1027 Report on Mexico produced by the Committee under article 20 of the convention, and reply from the Government of Mexico : Mexico. 05/26/2003. CAT/C/75. at http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/f2950e0f6a5560f1c1256d5500535b97?Open-document

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fos mier konvenciiT dadgenili debulebebis darRvevis Sesaxeb gancxadeba. komiteti ar iRebs anonimur Setyobi-nebebs. komiteti atyobinebs Sesabamis saxelmwifos war-dgenili Setyobinebis Taobaze. saxelmwifo valdebulia eqvsi Tvis vadaSi komitets warudginos sakiTxTan dakav-Sirebuli werilobiTi axsna-ganmarteba an gancxadeba im saSualebebisa an zomebis Taobaze, romelTa miRebasac Se-saZleblad Tvlis.1028

komitetma ar unda ganixilos Setyobineba, sanam ar gaarkvevs, rom: a) igive sakiTxi ar yofila ganxiluli an ar ixileba sxva saerTaSoriso meqanizmis formatSi; b) pirma amowura yvela xelmisawvdomi Sida meqanizmi.1029 komiteti Setyobinebebs ixilavs daxurul sxdomaze.1030 Tavis das-kvnebs komiteti ugzavnis monawile saxelmwifosa da gan-mcxadebels.1031

konvenciis fakultaturi oqmis safuZvelze Seiqmna axali struqturuli erTeuli – wamebis sawinaaRmdego qve-komiteti (Semdgom teqstSi `prevenciis qve-komite-ti~). misi mandatia regularuli vizitebis daweseba Tavi-suflebaRkveTil pirTa dakavebis adgilebSi wamebisa da sxva sastiki, araadamianuri an damamcirebeli mopyrobisa an sasjelis Tavidan acilebis mizniT.1032

fakultaturi oqmis me-4(2) muxlis Tanaxmad, Tavisu-flebis aRkveTa niSnavs nebismieri formiT dakavebas an dapatimrebas an piris moTavsebas saerTo an calke izola-torSi, romlis datovebac pirs ar SeuZlia sasamarTlo, administraciuli an sxva organos brZanebis gareSe. Sesa-

1028 wamebisa da sxva sastiki, araadamianuri an damamcirebeli mopy-robis an dasjis sawinaaRmdego konvencia, muxli 22(1,3)




1032 wamebisa da sxva sastiki, araadamianuri an damamcirebeli mopy-robis an dasjis sawinaaRmdego konvenciis fakultaturi oqmi, mux-li 1

486

bamisad, prevenciis qve-komitets SeuZlia estumros iseT adgilebs, rogoricaa: droebiTi dakavebis izolatori, sapatimro, Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebuleba, aras-rulwlovanTa centri, saimigracio centri, saerTaSori-so satranzito zona, TavSesafari, fsiqiatriuli dawese-buleba, administraciuli patimrobis adgili.1033

prevenciis qvekomitetis mandats ganekuTvneba: a) moi-naxulos mis kompetenciaSi Semavali adgilebi da dawe-sebulebebi da warudginos saxelmwifos saTanado reko-mendaciebi TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirTa wamebisa da sxva sastiki, araadamianuri an damamcirebeli mopyrobis an sas-jelisgan dacvasTan dakavSirebiT; b) daexmaros saxelmwi-fos prevenciis erovnuli meqanizmis SeqmnaSi; g) pirdapi-ri da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi konfidencialuri urTier-Tobis SenarCuneba prevenciis erovnul meqanizmTan, misi gaZlierebis xelSewyoba.1034

prevenciis qve-komiteti Tavis rekomendaciebsa da Se-niSvnebs konfidencialuri wesiT gadascems saxelmwifos da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, prevenciis erovnul meqaniz-ms. prevenciis qve-komiteti, Sesabamisi saxelmwifos mo-TxovniT, aqveynebs Tavis angariSs saxelmwifos mier war-dgenil nebismier SeniSvnasTan erTad. Tu saxelmwifo sa-jarod xelmisawvdoms gaxdis angariSis romelime nawils, prevenciis qve-komitets SeuZlia aseTi angariSis gamoq-veyneba rogorc mTlianad, ise nawilobriv. piradi monace-mebi ar eqvemdebareba gamoqveynebas dainteresebuli piris mkafiod formulirebuli Tanxmobis gareSe. Tu saxelmwi-fo uars ityvis prevenciis qve-komitetTan TanamSromlo-baze, an mdgomareobis gamosworebis mizniT zomebis mi-Rebaze wardgenili rekomendaciebis Sesabamisad, wamebis sawinaaRmdego gaeros komitets, prevenciis qve-komite-tis moTxovniT da Tavisi wevrebis xmaTa umravlesobiT,

1033 wamebis aRkveTis praqtikuli saxelmZRvanelo, adamianis ufle-baTa saganmanaTleblo centris gamocema, Tbilisi, 2006, gv. 146-147

1034 iqve, muxli 11

487

SeuZlia miiRos gadawyvetileba sajaro gancxadebis gake-Tebis an prevenciis qve-komitetis angariSis gamoqveynebis Sesaxeb, mas Semdeg, rac misTvis cnobili gaxdeba mxaris mosazrebebi. prevenciis qve-komiteti yovelwliurad wa-rudgens wamebis sawinaaRmdego gaeros komitets Tavisi saqmianobis angariSs.1035

2013 wlis 1 seqtembris mdgomareobiT msoflios 69 qveynam (maT Soris saqarTvelom) moaxdina wamebisa da sxva sastiki, araadamianuri an damamcirebeli mopyrobis an dasjis sawinaaRmdego gaeros konvenciis fakultaturi oqmis ratificireba.1036

13.4 wamebis prevenciis evropuli komiteti (CPT)

wamebis prevenciis evropuli komiteti1037 daarsda evropis sabWos ~wamebisa da araadamianuri an damamcirebe-li mopyrobisa Tu dasjis aRkveTis evropuli konvenciis” safuZvelze, romelic ZalaSi Sevida 1989 wels.1038 igi efuZ-neba adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-3 muxls: ~aravin SeiZleba daeqvemdebaros wamebas, araadamianur an Rirsebis Semlaxvel mopyrobas an dasjas”.

wamebis prevenciis komitetis sruli dasaxelebaa ~wame-bisa da araadamianuri an Rirsebis Semlaxveli mopyrobisa Tu dasjis prevenciis evropuli komiteti”. es dasaxele-ba gamokveTs or mniSvnelovan Strixs: pirveli, is fara-vs evropas da, meore, moicavs ara marto ~wamebas”, aramed garemoebaTa farTo speqtrs, rac SeiZleba gauTanabrdes ~arasaTanado an Rirsebis Semlaxvel mopyrobasa Tu das-jas”.

1035 iqve, muxli 16

1036 informaciis wyaro Association of Prevention of Torture veb-gverdi: http://www.apt.ch/en/opcat-database/

1037 TavSi mocemuli informacia aRebulia wamebis prevenciis evro-puli komitetis oficialuri veb-gverdidan, ix. http://www.cpt.coe.int/lang/geo/geo-leaflet.pdf 1038 ix. http://www.cpt.coe.int/lang/geo/geo-convention.pdf

488

wamebis prevenciis komiteti ar aris sagamomZiebo or-gano, aramed is uzrunvelyofs arasamarTlebriv aRmkveT meqanizms TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirTa dasacavad wamebi-sa da arasaTanado mopyrobis sxva formebisagan. amdenad, igi avsebs adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos sa-marTlebriv muSaobas.

wamebis prevenciis komitetis wevrebi arian sxvadasxva profesiis mqone damoukidebeli da miukerZoebeli eqs-pertebi, maT Soris, iuristebi, eqimebi da specialistebi cixisa an policiis sakiTxebSi.

evropis sabWos ministrTa komiteti irCevs TiTo we-vrs TiToeuli wevri saxelmwifodan. es wevri moqmedebs piradi SesaZleblobebis farglebSi (anu ar warmoadgens im saxelmwifos interesebs, romlidanac is SeirCa). damou-kideblobis garantiisaTvis, wevrebi ar midian vizitiT im qveynebSi, saidanac isini SeirCnen.

wamebis prevenciis komitetis samdivno Seadgens evro-pis sabWos ~adamianis uflebaTa da samarTlebriv saqmeTa departamentis” nawils.

wamebis prevenciis komiteti organizebas uwevs vizi-tebs dakavebis adgilebSi, raTa Seafasos Tu rogor epyro-bian TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirebs. es adgilebi moicavs: cixeebs, arasrulwlovanTa dakavebis adgilebs, policiis ganyofilebebs, imigrirebul pirTa dakavebis adgilebs, fsiqiatriul saavadmyofoebs, socialuri dacvis saxleb-sa da sxv.

Cveulebriv, vizitebs axorcieleben delegaciebi, Sem-dgari komitetis ramdenime wevrisagan. delegacias Tan axlavs komitetis samdivnos TanamSromlebi da, saWiroe-bis SemTxvevaSi, damatebiTi eqspertebi da Tarjimnebi.

wamebis prevenciis komitetis delegaciebi vizitebs axorcieleben periodulad (Cveulebriv, 4 weliwadSi er-Txel), Tumca, aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi xorcieldeba damatebiTi sagangebo vizitebi, e.w. `ad hoc~ vizitebi.1039

1039 saqarTveloSi 2012 wlis dasasruls ganxorcielebuli viziti,

489

komitetma unda acnobos Sesabamis saxelmwifos, rom apirebs vizitis ganxorcielebas. Setyobinebis Semdeg de-legacias SeuZlia nebismier dros mivides nebismier iseT adgilas, sadac TavisuflebaaRkveTili piri SeiZleba iyos.

wamebis prevenciis komitetis delegaciebi sargeblo-ben SeuzRudavi Sesvlisa da gadaadgilebis uflebiT daka-vebis adgilebSi. isini piradad esaubrebian Tavisufle-baaRkveTil pirebs da aseve Tavisuflad ukavSirdebian ne-bismier adamians, visac ki SeuZlia informaciis miwodeba.

TiToeuli vizitis Semdeg wamebis prevenciis komite-ti Sesabamis saxelmwifos ugzavnis detalur angariSs. es angariSi moicavs wamebis prevenciis komitetis mopovebul monacemebs, mis rekomendaciebs, SeniSvnebsa da moTxovnebs garkveuli informaciis miwodebaze. wamebis prevenciis komiteti moiTxovs aseve detalur pasuxs angariSSi das-mul sakiTxebze. es angariSebi da pasuxebi qmnian erTgvar dialogs Sesabamis saxelmwifoebTan.

saerTaSoriso SeTanxmeba, romlis safuZvelzec daar-sebulia wamebis prevenciis komiteti, iTvaliswinebs Ta-namSromlobisa da konfidencialurobis principebs.

erovnul xelisuflebebTan TanamSromloba wamebis prevenciis komitetis muSaobis qvakuTxedia, ramdenadac muSaobis mizania TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirTa dacva da ara saxelmwifos dadanaSauleba sastiki da arasaTanado mopyrobisaTvis.

wamebis prevenciis komitetis meore maxasiaTebelia konfidencialuroba: komitetis mopovebuli monacemebi, misi angariSebi da mTavrobis pasuxebi, konfidencialuria. miuxedavad amisa, informaciis didi nawili wamebis preven-ciis komitetis muSaobis Sesaxeb sazogadoebisaTvis xel-

misawvdomia.

swored amgvar sagangebo vizits warmoadgenda. ixileT vizitis amsaxveli angariSi veb-gverdze http://www.cpt.coe.int/documents/geo/2013-18-inf-eng.pdf da mTavrobis oficialuri pasuxi veb-gverdze http://www.cpt.coe.int/documents/geo/2013-19-inf-eng.pdf

490

Tavad saxelmwifom SeiZleba moiTxovos wamebis preven-

ciis komitetis angariSis gamoqveyneba, misive pasuxebTan

erTad. amJamad, saxelmwifoTa umetesoba amjobinebs am

dokumentebis gamoqveynebas.1040

Tu saxelmwifo ar TanamSromlobs wamebis prevenciis

komitetTan an uars ambobs, gaaumjobesos arsebuli viTa-

reba komitetis rekomendaciebis kvalad, komitetma Sei-

Zleba gadawyvitos ~sajaro ganacxadis” gakeTeba.

saqarTveloSi wamebis prevenciis komitetma pirveli

viziti 2001 wels, xolo bolo – 2012 wels ganaxorciela.1041

saqarTvelos mTavrobam moiTxova yvela angariSis gasaja-

roveba. 2012 wlis angariSi 2013 wlis 31 ivliss gasajaro-

vda.

garda amisa, wamebis prevenciis komiteti SeimuSavebs

~saerTo angariSs” misi saqmianobis Sesaxeb, romelic qvey-

ndeba weliwadSi erTxel.1042

1040 wamebis prevenciis komitetis vizitebis angariSebi, mTavrobebis pasuxebi, sajaro gancxadebebi da zogadi angariSebi xelmisawvdomia wamebis sawinaaRdego komitetis veb gverdze (www.cpt.coe.int)1041 saqarTveloSi vizitebis amsaxveli angariSebi da mTavrobis mier momzadebuli oficialuri pasuxi SesaZloa ixiloT vebgverdze http://www.cpt.coe.int/en/states/geo.htm

1042 wamebis prevenciis komitetma SeimuSava TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirTa mopyrobasTan dakavSirebuli standartebi. aRniSnuli stan-dartebi gamoqveynebulia broSuraSi ~wamebis prevenciis komite-tis standartebi” [CPT/Inf/E (2002) 1]. ix. http://www.cpt.coe.int/lang/geo/geo-standards.pdf

491

bibliografiaadamianis uflebebi da sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebu-

lebebi – marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSi-rebiT adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi aqtebis krebuli, profesiuli treningebis seria #11, sa-qarTveloSi gaeros adamianis uflebaTa umaRlesi komis-ris ofisis publikacia, niu-iorki da Jeneva 2005, Tbilisi 2007.

baliaSvili, m.

socialuri fsiqologiis safuZvlebi. Tbilisi 2010.

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adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos precen-dentuli samarTali. Tbilisi 2004.

boxaSvili, b. /

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-2 da me-3 muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli pozitiuri valdebulebebi – precendentuli samarTliT dadgenili uaxlesi standar-tebi. adamianis uflebaTa dacvis Tanamedrove gamowveve-bi. korkelia, k. (red.), statiaTa krebuli. Tbilisi 2009.

burjanaZe, g.

amnistiis ganxorcielebis uflebamosileba da adamia-nis uflebebi. k. korkelia (red.) adamianis uflebebi da samarTlis uzenaesoba. statiaTa krebuli. Tbilisi 2013. gv.9-29

gabriCiZe, g. /

Tanazomierebis principi evropis gaerTianebis samarT-lis ZiriTadi uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis sferoSi. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli standartebi da maTi ga-vlena saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobasa da praqtikaze. kor-kelia, k. (red.), Tbilisi 2006.

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gaeros saxelSekrulebo organoTa daskvniTi SeniSvne-bi saqarTvelos meore da mesame periodul angariSebze, gaeros adamianis uflebaTa umaRlesi komisris ofisis ga-mocema, Tbilisi 2008.

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sisxlis samarTlis problemebi. mesame tomi. Tbilisi 2013.

gidensi, e.

sociologia. Tbilisi 2011.

giviaSvili, i.

gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi sazogadoebis mo-nawileoba, rogorc adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konven-ciis me-8 muxlis proceduruli moTxovna da misi kavSiri demokratiasTan. adamianis uflebaTa dacva: miRwevebi da gamowvevebi. korkelia, k. (red.). statiaTa krebuli. Tbi-lisi 2012.

demetraSvili, a. /kobaxiZe, i.

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sarCevi

Sesavali ..................................................................................... 5

pirveli Tavi ........................................................................... 7

sasjelaRsrulebis samarTlis adgili samarTlis sistemaSi........................................................... 7

1.1 sasjelaRsrulebis samarTli da misi adgili samarTlis sistemaSi .................................................................. 7

1.2 sasjelaRsrulebis samarTlis mizani, principebi da moqmedebis sfero ........................................................................ 9

1.3 konstituciuri principebi sasjelaRsrulebis samarTalSi .................................................................................. 20

1.3.1 samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos principi ....................... 20

1.3.2. socialuri saxelmwifos principi ............................. 29

1.3.3. samarTlis ekonomikuri analizi ................................ 34

1.3.4. wamebis akrZalva .............................................................. 35

1.3.5 piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba .............................. 49

1.3.6 uflebebis SezRudva sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebSi ........................................................................ 56

1.4 sasjelaRsrulebis samarTlis kriminologiuri aspeqtebi .................................................... 57

1.4.1 kriminologiuri kvlevis mniSvneloba ...................... 58

1.4.2 msjavrdebulis resocializaciis mniSvneloba ..... 67

meore Tavi ............................................................................... 69

sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebisa da msjavrdebulTa statistikuri analizi ............... 69

2.1 sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaTa raodenoba ....... 69

2.2 sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaTa limiti ............. 70

2.3 braldebulTa/msjavrdebulTa statistika ............... 71

511

mesame Tavi .............................................................................. 73

sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis mizani .......... 73

3.1 sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis dacva .......................... 73

3.2 msjavrdebulis resocializacia ................................... 74

meoTxe Tavi ............................................................................ 85

sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis personali 85

4.1 sasjelaRsrulebis personali erovnuli kanonmdeblobis mixedviT ....................................................... 85

4.2 sasjelaRsrulebis personali saerTaSoriso standartebis mixedviT ........................................................... 99

4.3 sasjelaRsrulebis personalis kriminologiuri aspeqti .......................................................................................109

mexuTe Tavi ...........................................................................115

braldebulis/msjavrdebulis sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi miReba ..... 115

5.1 sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi miReba .............. 115

5.2 registracia/reestri ...................................................... 123

5.3 gadayvana sasjelis mosaxdelad .................................. 125

meeqvse Tavi ..........................................................................132

msjavrdebulis uflebebi ............................................ 132

6.1 adekvaturi sacxovrebeli pirobebi ............................ 133

6.2 sufTa haerze yofna .......................................................... 144

6.3. higiena ..................................................................................148

6.4 TeTreuli da tansacmeli ............................................... 155

6.5 kveba ......................................................................................160

6.6 ufleba socialur urTierTobaze gare samyarosTan (momowera, satelefono saubrebi, urTierToba advokatTan, paemani da sxva) ................................................. 166

512

6.7 ufleba masobrivi informaciis saSualebebze ........ 187

6.8 ganaTlebis ufleba ...........................................................192

6.9 Sromis ufleba ...................................................................201

6.10 janmrTelobis dacvis ufleba .................................... 209

6.11 piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba ............................. 224

6.12 saarCevno ufleba ...........................................................231

meSvide Tavi .........................................................................249

sasjelaRsrulebis sistemis gadatvirTuloba da misi aRmofxvris meqanizmebi ..................................... 249

7.1. gadatvirTuloba ..............................................................249

7.2 gadatvirTulobis problemis moxsnis meqanizmebi 252

7.2.1 sasjelis moxdisgan pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis sistema .......................................................252

7.2.2 amnistia da Sewyaleba .................................................... 269

7.2.3 avadmyofobis da xandazmulobis gamo sasjelisgan gaTavisufleba .........................................................................276

7.2.4 ganaCenis aRsrulebis gadavadeba ............................. 280

7.2.5 sasjelis mouxdeli nawilis ufro msubuqi saxis sasjeliT Secvla da misi aRsruleba ................................ 283

merve Tavi ..............................................................................290

msjavrdebulTa/braldebulTa movaleobebi da pasuxismgeblobis saxeebi ........................................... 290

8.1 msjavrdebulTa/braldebulTa movaleobebi .......... 290

8.2 braldebulis/msjavrdebulis disciplinuri pasuxismgebloba .....................................................................295

8.2.1 sakanonmdeblo regulireba ....................................... 295

disciplinis darRveva ...........................................................296

8.2.2 arsebuli mdgomareobis analizi .............................. 306

8.3 msjavrdebulis administraciuli pasuxismgebloba 308

513

mecxre Tavi ...........................................................................312

gansakuTrebuli kategoriis patimrebi (miusjeli patimrebi, religiuri umciresobebi, SSm patimrebi, ucxoeli patimrebi) ........................ 312

9.1 ucxoeli patimrebi ...........................................................312

9.2 miusjeli patimrebi .......................................................... 318

9.3 SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebi, sulierad daavadebuli da fsiqikuri darRvevebis mqone da xandazmuli patimrebi ............................................................330

9.4 religiuri umciresobebi ................................................ 339

9.5 arasrulwlovan qal da uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTil pirTa mier sasjelis moxdis Taviseburebani ................. 344

9.5.1 arasrulwlovani patimrebi ........................................ 344

9.5.2 qali patimrebi ................................................................ 376

9.5.3 uvado TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebi ..................... 387

meaTe Tavi ..............................................................................401

kriminaluri subkultura ........................................... 401

10.1 kriminaluri subkultura penitenciur sistemaSi 401

10.1.1 deprivaciis Teoria ..................................................... 405

10.1.2 kulturuli gadatanis Teoria ................................ 409

10.2 kriminaluri subkulturis ganviTarebis etapebi 410

10.2.1 kriminaluri subkulturis pirveli etapi – (20-50-iani wlebi) – stalinis mmarTvelobis periodi da kanonieri qurdebis pirveladi forma .............................. 411

10.2.2 kriminaluri subkulturis meore etapi - (60-70-iani wlebi) - e.w. poststalinisturi periodi da mafiozuri tipis pirveli organizebul danaSaulebrivi jgufebi ......................................................................................416

514

10.2.3 kriminaluri subkulturis mesame etapi - (80-iani wlebi) organizebuli danaSaulis saboloo formireba sabWoTa kavSirSi ......................................................................418

10.2.4 kriminaluri subkulturis meoTxe etapi (90-iani wlebi) - saqarTvelos damoukidebeli saxelmwifos Camoyalibeba da danaSaulebrivi klanebi; „kanonieri qurdebis” institutis transformirebis procesi dasavluri tipis gangsterul-mafiozur dajgufebebis msgavs kriminalur organizaciebad ................................... 419

10.2.5 kriminaluri subkulturis mexuTe etapi (2003-2012 wlebi) - „kanonieri qurdebi“ 2003 wlis „vardebis revoluciis“ Semdeg ..............................................................420

10.3 „qurduli kanonebi“ ........................................................ 423

10.4 „qurduli sanqciebi“ ...................................................... 429

10.5 „kanonier qurdad“ kurTxeva - „naTloba“ ................ 431

10.6 ierarqia ..............................................................................434

10.7 saerTo kreba - „sxodka“ ................................................. 444

10.8. qurduli saerTo, „obSiaki“......................................... 449

10.9 Jargoni ...............................................................................453

10.10 tatuireba, „nakolka“ ................................................... 453

10.11 penitenciuri dawesebulebis administraciis damokidebuleba kriminaluri subkulturis mimarT ... 454

meTerTmete Tavi ..............................................................457

probaciis samsaxuri ......................................................457

11.1 sakanonmdeblo regulireba da saerTaSoriso standartebi .............................................................................457

11.1.1 probaciis oficeri ...................................................... 460

11.1.2 probacioneri ................................................................462

11.2 arsebuli mdgomareobis analizi ............................... 464

11.3 Tavisuflebis SezRudvis aRsruleba ....................... 468

515

meTormete Tavi .................................................................470

grZelvadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTis Sedegebi .................................................................................470

12.1 ukulturobis procesi .................................................. 470

12.3 kriminaluri subkulturisadmi midrekileba ........ 471

12.4 socialuri gaucxoeba .................................................... 472

12.5 janmrTelobis da fsiqosomaturi problemebi ...... 473

12.6 nacixaris etiketireba da diskriminacia ................. 473

mecamete Tavi .....................................................................475

sasjelaRsrulebis sistemis erovnuli da saerTaSoriso monitoringis sistema .................. 475

13.1 saqarTvelos saxalxo damcveli ................................. 475

13.2 prevenciis erovnuli meqanizmi ................................. 481

13.3 wamebis sawinaaRmdego gaeros komiteti da prevenciis qve–komiteti ...................................................... 483

13.4 wamebis prevenciis evropuli komiteti (CPT) .......... 487

bibliografia ......................................................................491

sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebi ................................ 505

gamoyenebuli internet-saitebi.............................. 507

gamomcemloba `iuristebis samyaro~

Tbilisi, m. kostavas q. #75tel:. 238 35 99; 557 51 51 34

E-mail: [email protected];

htt ps://www.facebook.com/PublishingHouselawyersworld

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