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It is clear that the hamm ā m as a traditional building type offers a number of sustainability concepts andprinciples in terms of construction, heating system, water use, natural ventilation and day lighting. Eventhough regional variations exist, and which we could not target in this short study, there are commonopportunities that can be developed based on the four classic elements (water, air, fire and earth) aroundwhich the architectural analysis developed, such as water storage and management and the use of solar energy at the scale of a neighbourhood. Today, the survival of these historic structures is jeopardized, not

only by the lack of awareness of their historical importance, but also by the lack of appropriate restorationpractices with a clear re-use plan. Safeguarding this building will help creating a basis for Built Environmentprofessionals in general and architects in particular to promote traditional wisdom in contemporary and futuredevelopments.

AcknowledgementsThe authors wish to thank the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) in the U.K. for funding theresearch project “The Historic Hamm ā ms of North Africa and their survival into the 21st century”.

Note, The International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies IJMES transliteration system has been used in this paper.

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