Student:-

Sarvesh Singh Bhati

MSc Interior Design

Commercial space designer

Dezyne E’cole College

www.dezyneecole.com

LIGHTING DESIGN

LIGHTING DESIGN OF COMMERCIAL AND

RESIDENTIAL SPACES

WHAT IS LIGHT

Light is a form of energy manifesting itself as electromagnetic

radiation and is closely related to other form of

electromagnetic radiation such as Gamma rays, X-rays, UV

rays, IR rays, Microwave rays and Radio rays.

CANDELA : It is equalent to the illumination of one standard candle.

FOOT CANDELA : It is the amount of illumination on a surface from a

light source of on candela that is a foot away from the surface.

ONE FOOT CANDELA =1 Lumen /Square foot.

ONE LUX : It Is the amount of illumination created by a light source of

one candela which is one meter away from the surface .

1LUX=1 Lumen /Square meter.

UNITS OF LIGHT

COLOR TEMPERATURE

OUTDOOR/INDOOR

Color temperature is a characteristics of visible light. In

practice, color temperature is only meaningful for light

sources that do in fact correspond somewhat closely to

the radiation of some black body.

The color temperature of the electromagnetic radiation

emitted from an ideal black body is define as its

surface temperature in KELVINS.

Color temperature over 5,000K are called cool colors

(blueish white), while lower color temperatures (2,700-

3000K)are called warm colors (yellowish white through

red).

Defined as the tone of light or how the light looks in

terms of whiteness

Higher the color temperature = whiter/cooler the light

source

Unit measurement = Kelvin (K)

Color temperature:

COLOR TEMPERATURE

OUTDOOR/INDOOR

LUMINOUS EFFICACY

Luminous efficacy is a measure of how well a light source

produces visible light. The luminous efficacy of radiation

describes how well a given quantity of electromagnetic

radiation from a source produces visible light.

COLOR RENDERING INDEX (CRI)

The color rendering index (CRI), sometimes called color rendition index, is a

quantitative measure of the ability of a light source to reproduce the colors of

various objects faithfully

in comparison with an ideal or natural light source.

Color rendering: Effect of an illuminant on the color appearance of objects by

conscious or subconscious comparison with their color appearance under a

reference illuminant.

Finishes should be evaluated under the type of lamp (lamp and/or daylight)

which will actually be used in interiors.

Color rendition depends on lamp color spectrum, reflective property of surfaces

and context and condition in room.

Judgment of apparent surface color depends also on the experience of

expectations of an individual with normal color vision.

Color Temperature in Kelvin (K) Degrees

How does Color Temperature affect the appearance of a room?

Warm light Cool light Daylight

light

LIGHTING FIXTURES

Light fixtures is integral part of building electrical

System, transforming energy into usable Illumination.

Light fixtures requires: electrical connection (power

supply), lamp holder, lamp (design to diffuse, Reflect,

focus light).

Form of lighting fixture, lighting sources, light

Illumination: point sources, linear sources, planar

sources, volumetric sources.

LIGHTING LUMINARIE

An assembly used to house one more light sources.

Also called lighting fixture.

1. Light socket

2. Light lamp

3. Luminaries

4. Light switch

CLASSIFICATION OF LUMINARIES

Recessed

Ceiling Mounted

Track Mounted

Wall mounted

Suspended

Architectural

Portable

Pole Mounted

Bollard

Outdoor

Wall washer

Ceiling washer

Floor washer

Uplighters

Down lighters

Spotlights

CLASSIFICATION OF LUMINARIES

CATEGORIES OF LUMINARIES

Direct: 90 – 100% download

Semi direct: 60 – 90% downward

General diffuse: 40 – 60% both

downward and upward

Direct – indirect: little light is emitted in

the horizontal plane

Semi – indirect: providing 60 – 90% of its

output upward

Indirect: providing 90 – 100% of its

luminous output upward

FOCUS ON OBJECT OR AREA GREAT

BRIGHTNESS

CONTRAST HIGHLIGHT, SPARKLE OR

RHYTHM

POINT LIGHT SOURCE

LINEAR LIGHT SOURCE

GIVE DIRECTION, OUTLINE SHAPES

EMPHASIZE THE EDGES

PLANAR LIGHT SOURCE

SURFACE REPETEAD LINEAR

DIFFUSED ILLUMINATION OF AREA

LIGHT AS VOLUMETRIC ILLUMINATION

EXPAND THROUGH TREE – DIMENSIONAL

FORMS OF LAMPS

VOLUMETRIC LIGHT SOURCE

LIGHT SOURCE

LAMP HOLDER

CONNECT TO

SUPPLY

DESIGN OF LAMP

TYPES OF LIGHTING

General Lighting

TYPES OF LIGHTING

Task Lighting

Accent Lighting

TYPES OF LIGHTING

Decorative Lighting

TYPES OF LIGHTING

Kinetic Lighting

TYPES OF LIGHTING

Up Light

TYPES OF LIGHTING

Down Light

TYPES OF LIGHTING

Wall Wash Light

TYPES OF LIGHTING

Floor Wash Light

TYPES OF LIGHTING

Ceiling Wash Light

TYPES OF LIGHTING

Spot Light

TYPES OF LIGHTING

Integral luminaries

TYPES OF LIGHTING

ARTIFICAL LIGHT SOURCE

Incandescent lamps

Fluorescent lamps

High – intensity Discharge

Lamps

Mercury Lamps

Metal Halide Lamps

High Pressure Sodium Lamps

Low Pressure Sodium Lamps

Electrodeless Lamps

Compact arc xenon & Mercury

Lamps

Electroluminescent Lamps

Light Emitted Diodes (LED)

Carbon arc lamps

Gaslights

INCANDESCENT LAMP

WHAT?

HOTWIRE – FILAMENT SEALED IN A GLASS

JAR (BULB)

HOW?

ELECTRIC CURRENT PASS THROUGH THE

WIRE HEATS IT TO INCADESCENCE, AND

THE WIRE EMITS LIGHT . USE STANDARD

VOLTAGE CIRCUIT

INCANDESCENT LAMP

Inside the glass is a gas such as argon

and/or nitrogen. At the center of the lamp

is a tungsten

Filament up to about 2,500 degrees

Celsius. Just like any hot metal, the

tungsten gets “white hot” at that heat and

emits a great deal of visible light in a

process

INCANDESCENT LAMP

1. GLASS BULB

2. VACUUM OR GAS FILLED3. WIRE/FILAMENT

4. 5. LEAD – IN WIRES

6. SUPPORT WIRES

7. NECK

8. 11. ELECTRIC FUSE

9. BASE

INCANDESCENT LAMP

Advantages:

1. Less expensive

2. Easier to dim with rheostats

3. Warmer cooler than fluorescent

and tungsten – halogen lamps

4. Light output is relatively high

5. Excellent color rendering

6. Can be dimmed

Disadvantages:

1. Energy inefficient

2. Short lamp life time

3. Warm source

SHAPE OF LAMPS:

Around 100 combinations of glass and quartz bulb shapes

and sizes.

SYMBOLS:

1st Part = One or more letters indicates the share of bulb

2nd Part = Number indicates diameter or the bulb in eights

of an inch

Example : A19 = Arbitrary shaped, 19/8 inch diameter

INCANDESCENT LAMP

INCANDESCENT LAMP

EXAMPLES:

• General lighting

service (GLS)

•Parabolic Aluminum

Reflector (PAR)

•Metal Reflector (MR)

INCANDESCENT LAMP

Base Identification:

1. Small Base : Bayonet, Bipin, Candelabra, Intermediate,

Miniature, Mini-Candelabra, Twist-And-Lock, Two-Pin.

2. Medium Base

3. Large Base : Mogul Screw, Mogul Bipost.

INCANDESCENT LAMP

INCANDESCENT LAMP

INCANDESCENT LAMP

Lamp Life Time:

1. Standard-Life Lamp : High temperature for the filament to

operates, emits more light, shorter life time – “burns out”

2. Long-Life Lamp : given wattage produces less light, designed for

longer life

Lamp Efficiency = Light Produced (Lumen, lm)/Electricity

Consumed (Watts W)

Light Output : Insert gas (Argon, Nitrogen, Krypton) slows bulb

blackening caused by condensation on the bulb wall

INCANDESCENT LAMP

Bulbs are sold by WATTS – Measure of Power

Consumed

LUMENS tells how much light lamp emits

HOURS OF OPERATION is produced life-time (750-

1000H, up to 2500H for extended service lamps)

ENERGY SAVING LAMPS – reduced wattage, reduced

light output

INCANDESCENT LAMP

LAMPS TYPES:

NON DIRECTIONAL : (emits light in all directions – A, C,

G, P, PS, S and T shapes, requires additional external

elements for brightness, glare and distribution control)

SEMI DIRECTIONAL : (silver bowl or white bowl lamps,

coating on inner side of bulb, reduce filament glare)

DIRECTIONAL : (complete optical systems: source,

reflector, lens or filament shield R, AR, MR, PAR built-in

beam control.

INCANDESCENT LAMP

LAMPS TYPES:

Silver Bowl Lamp

White Bowl Lamp

PAR Lamp

AR Lamp

INCANDESCENT LAMP

Semi Directional

INCANDESCENT LAMP

LEFT : R reflector

lamp with soft glass

bulb and ellipsoid

reflector with

moderate focusing

power.

RIGHT : PAR

reflector lamp with

pressed glass bulb

and powerful

parabolic reflector

INCANDESCENT LAMP

TUNGSTEN - HALOGEN

WHAT?

Selected gas of the Halogen

Family.

How?

Halogen gas combines with

tungsten molecules that sputter

of the filament deposits

tungsten back on the filament

and emitsconstant level of light.

A halogen bulb has a filament

made of Tungsten, which glows

when electricity is applied, same

as a regular incandescent bulb.

The helogen gas removes the

carbon deposits on the inside of

the bulb, caused by the burning

of the tungsten filament, and

redeposit it back on to the

filament, resulting in a light bulb

which can be bruned at a higher

temperature.

TUNGSTEN - HALOGEN

High operating

temperature (500C),

High colour

temperature

Quartz instead of

glass

Equiped with outer

bulb, glass cover,

mesh screen.

TUNGSTEN - HALOGEN

TUNGSTEN - HALOGEN

ADVANTAGES :

High colour temperature make them “WHITER” thanstandard incandescent lamps.

Longer life time

Great efficiency

Compact in share and size

They come in many SHAPES and SIZES, some directionalothers not, some quite small others the size or regularbulbs, some fit into normal sockets other require specialsockets and voltage to work.

TUNGSTEN - HALOGEN

There are many different types of (single ended) TH lamp, the

most common ones are the G9 capsule lamp, GU10 spot lamp

and linear halogen lamps which are all domestic mains voltage,

and G4 capsule lamp, (integral reflector) , R16, MR11 spot

lamps which are low voltage lamp.

TUNGSTEN - HALOGEN

LOW - VOLTAGE LAMPS

• LOW-VOLTAGE LAMPS – Incandescent and tungsten halogen lamps thatoperate between 6v and 75V.

• Standard building current of 115V – 125V must be stepped down by theuse of transformer.

• Low – voltage luminaries with integrated transformers are larger in size andbulkier.

• Practical system is line – voltage equipment.

LOW - VOLTAGE LAMPS

LOW VOLTAGE MULTIFACTED

MIRROR REFLECTOR

(halogen lamp)

LOW VOLTAGE PAR56

(halogen lamp)

COLORED LIGHTS BULBS

Colored ceramic enamel

COLORED FILTERS

• HUE(quality in red or green)

• SATURATION( strength or depth of color)

• BRIGHTNESS(quality of light)

GELATIN FILTERS (“GELS”)

Thin transparent coloured plastic sheet in vide variety of colours, as

well as multicolored and diffused sheets. Short service life – colour

fades rapidly.

INTERFERENCE FILTTERS

One or more layers of ultrathin film coating on clear glass that reflects rather than

absorb unwanted wavelength. They transmit one colour, and reflect the

complementary colour.

Reflection and Transmission by Interference Filters

DISCHARGE LAMPS

What?

Gas, phosphor, catode,

discharge

How?

Light is produced by passage of

an electric current through a

vapor or gas, rather than through

a tungsten wire as in

incandescent lamp.

DISCHARGE LAMPS

FLOURESCENT LAMPS

The classic fluorescent lamp design, which has fallen mostly bythe wayside, used a special starter switch mechanism to lightup the tube.

The conventional starter switch is a small discharge bulb,containing neon or some other gas. The bulb has twoelectrodes positioned right next to each other. When electricityis initially passed through the bypass circuit, an electrical arcjumps between these electrodes to make a connection. This arclights the bulb in the same way a larger arc lights a fluorescentbulb.

FLOURESCENT LAMPS

FLOURESCENT LAMPS

Advantages :

Heat is relatively low

Energy efficient

Range from low grade to high grade

Long lamp life

Usually Cool source

Control gears

Disadvantages :

Colour temperature

Require ballast : preheat, instant-start,rapid-start

Requires controlling elements for glarecontrol

Types :

1. Cold Cathode

2. Hot Cathode

Shape :

1. U-Bent Shape

2. Circuline Shape

3. Compact Fluo-Lamp

FLOURESCENT LAMPS

SHAPES

BALLAST/DRIVER

Integrated

Ballast

(CFL)

Magnetic

Ballast

(Traditional)

Electronic

Ballast

Equipment required to control the starting and operating voltages of

electrical gas discharge lights.

HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMP

Type of electrical gas-discharge lamp which produces light by means

of an electric arc between tungsten electrodes housed inside a

translucent or transparent fused quartz or fused alumina arc tube.

This tube is filled with both gas and metal salts. The gas facilitates

the arc’s initial strike. Once the arc is started, it heats and evaporates

the metal salts forming a plasma, which greatly increases the

intensity of light produced by the arc and reduces its power

consumption. High-intensity discharge lamps are a type of arc lamp.

HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMP

HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMP

HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMP

When energy efficiency and/or light

intensity are desired.

These areas include gymnasiums,

large public areas, warehouses, movie

theatres, football stadiums, outdoor

activity areas, roadways, parking lots,

and pathways.

Ultra-High Performance (UHP)HID

lamps are used in LCD or DLP

projection TV sets or projection

displays as well.

HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMP

LED LIGHT

Red and Infrared LEDs are made with gallium arsenide

Bright Blue is made with GN -gallium nitride

White LEDs are made with yttrium aluminium garnet

There are also orange, green, blue, violet, purple, ultraviolet LEDs.

LED LIGHT

BENEFITS OF LED

LED lights are usually around 3mm - 8mm long.

The small size and profile of the LED lights

allow them to be used where other light bulbs

may not fit.

Size of LED

BENEFITS OF LED

2. BENEFITS OF LED

Where other lights give off

more energy by shinning in

different areas, LED lights

only shine in a specific

direction becoming more

efficient.

Efficiency

3. BENEFITS OF LED

35,000 to 50,000 hours, compared to 750 to

2,000 hours for an incandescent bulb, 8,000 to

10,000 hours for a compact fluorescent and

20,000 to 30,000 hours for a linear florescent

bulb.

Life

4. BENEFITS OF LED

LEDs remain cool. In

addition, since they

contain no glass

components, they are

not vulnerable to

vibration or breakage

like conventional bulbs.

LEDs are thus better

suited for use in areas

like sports facilities and

high-crime locations.

Temperature

USES OF LED LIGHTS IN COMMERCIAL

USES OF LED LIGHTS IN HOSPITILARTY

USES OF LED LIGHTS IN RETAIL

USES OF LED LIGHTS IN RESIDENTIAL

USES OF LED LIGHTS IN OFFICE

LED REFLECTORS

LAMPS

Halogen

MR16 GU 5-3

Incandescent

Stan. E27

Halogen

OR111 G53Halogen PAR

E27

LAMPS

PLC compact

fluorescent

lamp

CFL compact

fluorescent lamp

E27

Fluorescent

CFL spiral E27

Fluorescent

megamun

liliput E27

LAMPS

Fluorescent TL

T5

Fluorescent TL

T8

LED MR16

GU5-3

LED Tubular

Lamp

LAMPS

LED

LED StripLED Strip

LED Flexi

Light

LED Strips

(Plat)

LAMPS

LED LinestaLED Tape

LAMPS

Fiber Optics

LAMPS

Cold Cathode

Thank You