ODOR CONTROL ODOR CONTROL

SARBS Training SeminarSARBS Training SeminarOdor Control, Secondary Treatment, Math,

and Plant System Maintenance

June 5, 2013

D L i P EDoug Lanning, P.E.

Presentation Outline

WWTP Odors Odor Control Strategies Odor Treatment Technologies Example Project Alternative Configuration

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WWTP Odors

Amines (fishy) Ammonia Diamines (decayed flesh) Hydrogen Sulfide (rotten eggs)y g ( gg ) Mercaptans (skunk) Organic Sulfides (rotten cabbage) Organic Sulfides (rotten cabbage) Skatole (fecal)

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Better Odor

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Major Sources of WWTP Odors

Headworks – target H2S, reduced sulfur Headworks target H2S, reduced sulfur compounds

Grit and screenings handling areasG t a d sc ee gs a d g a eas Dewatering and sludge truck loading –

target VOCsg

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Odor Sampling & Measurement

Odor constituents Hydrogen sulfideHydrogen sulfide Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide Dimethyl disulfide Etc.

Odor units or Dilution to threshold (D/T) Threshold – Only half of a group of panelists

can smell the odor in a diluted samplecan smell the odor in a diluted sample. The number of times the sample had to be

diluted to reach the threshold is the number

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of odor units, or D/T.

Air Dispersion Modeling

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WWTP Odor Control Strategies

ContainmentContainment Foul air collection Foul air treatmentFoul air treatment Other strategies: Air dispersionAir dispersion Liquid treatment

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WWTP Odor Control Strategies

ContainmentContainment Foul air collection Foul air treatmentFoul air treatment Other strategies: Air dispersionAir dispersion Liquid treatment

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Containment Strategies

Covered channels, tanks, binsCovered channels, tanks, bins Equipment enclosures Equipment selectionEquipment selection Buildings Physical curtains Physical curtains Air curtains

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Odor Containment – Salem, OR

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Odor Containment - OCSD

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Odor Containment – Clark County, NV

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Odor Curtains

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WWTP Odor Control Strategies

ContainmentContainment Foul air collection Foul air treatmentFoul air treatment Other strategies: Air dispersionAir dispersion Liquid treatment

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Foul Air Collection

Point source draw-offPoint source draw off Keep odor source areas under negative

pressurep essu e Draw air away from the work areas Ventilation rates may be dictated by area Ventilation rates may be dictated by area

electrical classification requirements

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Building Air Drawn Into Bar Screen Channels

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WWTP Odor Control Strategies

ContainmentContainment Foul air collection Foul air treatmentFoul air treatment Other strategies: Air dispersionAir dispersion Liquid treatment

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Odor Treatment Technologies

Biological scrubbersBiological scrubbers Biofilters Biotrickling filtersg

Chemical scrubbers (caustic and hypochlorite scrubbers)

Adsorption units (activated carbon)

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Biofilter

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Biofilters• Proven performance for a diverse mix of complex odors and

VOCs• Greater than 99% H2S removal and 600 D/T• Media

• Organic - compost, wood chips, barkg p , p ,• Inorganic - lava rock, structured media

• Self-regulating, but requires biological acclimation period• Lowest operating and maintenance costs• Lowest operating and maintenance costs• No chemical storage or handling• Low profile• Soil filter type has larger footprint than scrubbers

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City of Roseville

Inland Empire

Cl k E t

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Clark County

Eastern Municipal

Biotrickling Filter

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Biotrickling Filters

• Very effective for high H2S loading• Greater than 98% H2S removal and 1000 D/TGreater than 98% H2S removal and 1000 D/T• Media - Acid resistant, high porosity inorganic natural or

structured synthetic media (foam, rock)• Optimum balance for growth of the bacteria and the • Optimum balance for growth of the bacteria and the

solubility of hydrogen sulfide is pH range of 2.0 to 3.0• Requires nutrient, e.g. secondary effluent

S lf l ti b t i bi l i l li ti i d• Self-regulating, but requires biological acclimation period• Low O&M costs• No chemical storage or handling• High or low profile• Small footprint

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Louisville St. Louis

OCSD D ll

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OCSD Dallas

Biological Media

Natural Media Synthetic Mediay

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Media Needs

Support the acclimation of a large diverse pp gmicrobial population

Provide pH buffering capabilities Have the ability to retain microbes Be physically stable Have a low pressure drop Have a low pressure drop Produce clear drainage water (leachate) Drain freely release excessive moistureDrain freely, release excessive moisture Have high bearing strength

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Chemical Scrubber

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Chemical Scrubbers

Very effective for high H2S loading Can achieve 99% H2S removal Can achieve 99% H2S removal Random packing material media Controls include pH and ORP sensorsControls include pH and ORP sensors Most complex and intensive O&M Require chemical storage and handlingq g g High or low profile Small footprint

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City of Benicia

City of Portland

Cl k

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Clark County

Activated Carbon Vessel

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Activated Carbon Effective for treating transient loads, intermittent

airflows, as a polishing stage, p g g Not suitable for higher H2S loadings Can achieve 99.9% removal efficiency and 100Can achieve 99.9% removal efficiency and 100

D/T Carbon types: Standard, Impregnated, Blended, yp , p g , ,

and Catalytic High O&M costg

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South Tahoe PUD

Clark County

PUD

W t

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West County

Combination Technologies

Provide the highest removal efficiencies and lowest D/Tlowest D/T.

Multiple stage treatments in separate units or single unit

First stage – inorganic media for removal of H2S and other related sulfur-based odor compounds pH~2-3

Second stage – organic media for removal of remaining sulfur compounds and VOCs, pH~7

Exceeds 99% removal efficiency 300 to 600 Exceeds 99% removal efficiency, 300 to 600 D/T and 100-200 D/T if carbon system is used as polishing stage

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WWTP Odor Control Strategies

ContainmentContainment Foul air collection Foul air treatmentFoul air treatment Other strategies: Air dispersionAir dispersion Liquid treatment

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Wastewater Odor Treatment Chemicals

Hydrogen Peroxide Magnesium Hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide (Caustic soda) Sodium Hypochlorite (Bleach) Ferrous or Ferric Chloride Calcium Nitrate (Bioxide)

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Orange County Sanitation Orange County Sanitation District Plant No. 2

H d k R l tHeadworks Replacement

OCSD Plant No. 2

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Project Goals Replace Plant No. 2 Headworks Age of the structure – 45 years Location of earthquake faults (vulnerability) Upgrade equipment and layout

P t t d t f it Protect downstream processes from rags, grit Use Best Available Technology (BAT) Improve performance & reliability Reduce odors O&M friendly Full automationFull automation

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Biotrickling Filter Research

Optimize biological odor treatment Optimize biological odor treatment Effectively control odors Reduce use of chemicals Reduce operations and maintenance costs Minimize site space requirements

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Foam Biotrickling Filter Media

4 cm open pore polyurethane foam4 cm open pore polyurethane foam Zander, Germany

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Biotrickling Filter ResearchBiotrickling Filter ResearchBiotrickling Filter Research Biotrickling Filter Research Treated Air to Chemical ScrubbersTreated Air to Chemical Scrubbers

Gas Contact Time Gas Contact Time Approximately 2 Approximately 2 SecondsSecondsSecondsSeconds

Sewer Sewer TrunklineTrunkline

Packing MediaPacking MediaReplacedReplaced

with Foam Mediawith Foam Media

TrunklineTrunklineFour AirFour Air(H2S = 5(H2S = 5--35 ppm)35 ppm)

ChlorinatedChlorinatedSecondarySecondaryEffluentEffluent

with Foam Mediawith Foam Media(Bed Height = 9 feet)(Bed Height = 9 feet)

Replaced 7 hp Replaced 7 hp Recirculation Pump with aRecirculation Pump with a

SumpSump

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Recirculation Pump with a Recirculation Pump with a 0.5 hp Pump0.5 hp PumpFoul Air FanFoul Air Fan

(9,400 cfm)(9,400 cfm) Diameter = 6 FeetDiameter = 6 Feet

Foam Media

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Headworks Odor Control Headworks Odor Control

ToAtm

Process SchematicProcess Schematic

2 sec EBRT

P2-66Headworks

188,300 cfmFoam

Biotowers

Single-StageWet

Chemical Scrubbers

50 ppm H S 2 sec EBRT50 ppm H2S

FoamBiotowers

2 sec. EBRT

40,000 cfm

P2-66Trunklines& DiversionStructure

100 ppm H2S

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Headworks Odor Control Facility

Headworks Odor Control

Facility

Trunkline Odor Control Facility

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Control Facility

Headworks Odor Control Facility Schematic

8 Chemical ScrubbersSecond Stage PlenumSecond Stage Plenum

13 Bio Tower Scrubber SystemsFirst Stage PlenumFirst Stage Plenum

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Odor Control Towers ElevationOdor Control Towers ElevationFoam Media

Packing Media

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Trunkline Odor Control Facility

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Headworks Odor Control Facility

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Biological Alternatives

Vertical biotowersVertical biotowers Low profile horizontal bioscrubbers

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Low Profile Bio-Scrubber Section View

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Low Profile vs Vertical Scrubbers

i l filVertical Low Profile

Aesthetic - +

Energy - +Consumption

Accessibility - +

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Conclusions

Understand odors and objectives prior to evaluation of technologiesevaluation of technologies.

Use containment and collection strategies to reduce foul air.

Challenging odors may best be treated with a combination technology

Selection and design considerations: space constraints, ease of controls, aesthetics, redundancy ease of servicing costsredundancy, ease of servicing, costs.

Consider low profile package units in addition to towers.

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to towers.

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Doug Lanning, P.E.