sarah miller - astri - the potential for emerging concentrating solar thermal (cst) technologies

ThePotentialforEmergingConcentratingSolarThermal(CST)TechnologiesLargeScaleSolarConferenceSarahMiller |ASTRIChiefOperatingOfficer

20July 2016

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HarnessingSolarEnergy

ThePotentialforEmergingCSTTechnologies|SarahMiller,ASTRI|20-Jul-2016

sunlight

electricity

sunlight

electricity

heat

otheruses

Photovoltaics SolarThermalEnergy

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SolarThermalTechnologies


SolarEnergy Heat Useful

Energy

Temperatureofheatiscritical

Increasingconcentration

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Egypt1913:Shuman-BoysSolarEngineOne• Location:AlMeadi,Egypt

• NetOutput:~40kW• Concentrationratio:4.5• Temperature:low• Fluid:water/steam

• Collectionefficiency:~40%• Engineefficiency:~10%• PeakSystemEfficiency:~4%


Source:TheElectrical Experimenter, March1916

Source:http://www.freeenergynews.com/Directory/Solar/Tesla/Meadi-Egypt_1913.jpg

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USA1980’s:SolarElectricGeneratingSystems(SEGS)

• NetOutput:30MW(SEGS VI)• SolarFieldTemperature390°C

• SteamTurbineEfficiency:37.5%• PeakPlantEfficiency:~19%


Source:PilkingtonSolarInternational,1996

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Spain:Andasol 1(2008)

• SteamTurbineEfficiency:38.1%• PeakPlantEfficiency:~28%


Source:Geyer(2006)

• NetOutput:50MW• SolarFieldTemperature393°C

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Spain:Gemasolar (2011)• Location:Andalucía,Spain

• NetOutput:20MW• Temperature:565°C• Fluid:moltensalt

• Firstcommercial-scalesolarplantintheworldtooperatefor24h• 2012:36consecutivedays• 2015:35days• Winter:12days


Source:Torresol Energy

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CSTTechnologyStatus

Source:SolarPACES/NREL.Foradditionalinformation,please,visit:http://www.nrel.gov/csp/solarpaces/by_country.cfm


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WorldCSTProjectStatus

Source:SolarPACES/NREL.Foradditionalinformation,please,visit:http://www.nrel.gov/csp/solarpaces/by_country.cfm


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IEASolarTechnologyRoadmap(2014)


(CST)

AchievingtheIEA2014roadmap'svisionof1000GWofinstalledCSPcapacityby2050wouldavoidtheemissionsofupto2.1gigatonnes (Gt)ofcarbondioxide(CO2)annually

PV=16%

CST=11%

Solar=27%

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AustralianCSTLCOE


Australianforecasts(2012)

Researchdesigns(2012)

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CST:Simpleconceptswithcomplexdetail

CSP electricitysystemsareacomplextechnologyoperatinginacomplexresourceandfinancialenvironment;somanyfactorsaffecttheLCOE.

ThepublicizedinvestmentcostsofCSPplantsareoftenconfusedwhencomparedtootherrenewablesources,becausevaryinglevelsofintegrated

thermalstorageincreasetheinvestment,butalsoimprovetheannualoutputandcapacityfactoroftheplant.

[IPCC2011]


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OpportunityforCST

• Keyopportunityistodeliverdispatchablepowerthatisbeneficialforthegrid• andcanallowhigherpenetrationofotherintermittentrenewableenergytechnologiessuchaswindandphotovoltaics

• Thermalstorageishighlyefficient,costeffective


Source:IEASolarTechnologyRoadmap(2014)

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ChallengeforCST• Keychallengeistoimprovecostcompetitiveness• Reducedcostofcomponents• Increaseefficiencyofcomponents• Improveoutputoftheplant• Minimisecostofoperatingtheplant

• Systemsapproachrequiredtoensurethecomponenttechnologiesintegratetodelivercostreduction


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TroughBaselinePlant


LCOE=26.5c/kWhThermalenergy?~17.5 $/GJ

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TheoreticalSystemEfficiency


ParabolicTroughC~50

TowerC~100-1000

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TowerReferencePlant


LCOE=22.5c/kWhThermalenergy?~17.2 $/GJ

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DistributionofTowerReferenceCosts


TotalInstalledCosts TotalO&M Costs

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IntegratedProjectNiches• Heliostats:• internalcompetitionbetween4concepts• Receivers:• tubularandparticleconceptdevelopment• Storage:• sensible;latent;thermochemical• Powerblock:• sCO2 withhybridcooling• O&M:• mirrorcleaning;labourcostreduction• Solarfuels:• gasificationthroughtoliquidfuelproduction


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ASTRIPortfolio:CSTTowerSystems


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USA:ArizonaStateUniversity;NationalRenewableEnergyLab;SandiaNationalLab;UniversityColorado;UniversityTexas

Europe:CIEMAT(ES)

ETHZurich(CH)UniversidadCarlosIII(ES)

LoughboroughUniversity(UK)Universitat Barcelona(ES)

Universitat Lleida(ES)UniversityMontpelier(FR)Politecnico diTorino(IT)

Asia:ChineseAcademyofScience

Venezuela:UniversidaddelNorte

InternationalCollaboration


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SolarRadiation

Concentrationofsolarradiation

Receiver– transferofheattofluid

Thermalenergyinfluid

RadiationtoReceiver

Powerblock– thermaltomechanicaltoelectrical(includesstorage)

Electricity

52.0% 88.4% 41.3%

2143GWh 1118GWh 988GWh 408GWh

54.2% 89.7% 38.6%

522GWh 283GWh 254GWh 98GWh

100MWe

25MWe

19.0%

18.8%

FlowofEnergyandEfficienciesofSubsystemsofASTRITargetPlant


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MoltenSaltsCO2 Plant

ThePotentialforEmergingCSTTechnologies|SarahMiller,ASTRI|20-Jul-2016Source:NREL

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ProposedASTRISystemfor12c/kWh

Towersystemusingsodiumreceiver,PCMstorageandsCO2 powerblock:22.5or90MWe(net)with6hoursofstorage

LiquidSodiumLoop

ThermalConversion

SolarCollection&Concentration

Sun

Electricity Generation

HeliostatField Tower&Receiver

sCO2BraytonCycle

Sodium-SCO2 HX

HTRecup

LTRecup

ExpanderC RC

PCMStorage

CoolingTower(Hybrid)


Thermalenergy?~9-13 $/GJ

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ASTRITargetsforsolarfuelcosts• $0.90/Lforlignitecoalfeedstockand$1.0/Lforsolarreformingofnaturalgas• $1.20/Lforfossilfuelfeedstock• withlife-cycleemissionofCO2atleast10%lowerthanconventionaldiesel

• $2.50/Lforfuturerenewablefeedstock• withlife-cycleemissionofCO2atleast50%lowerthanconventionaldiesel


Transportationfuelviahightemperatureparticlereceiverandstorage

ThermalConversion

SolarCollection&Concentration

Sun

Gasification,GasProcessingandFuelSynthesis

HeliostatField Tower&Receiver

SolidStorage(s) ~900°C

~600°C Steam

CO2

H2S

ParticulateRemoval

Waste

ShiftReactor

AcidGasRemoval

Fischer-TropschReactor

ProductRefining

Off-gas

Gasoline

Diesel

Gasifier

FeedFlue

Air

Combustor

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KeyAchievements

• In3years,ASTRIhasgrowntheAustraliancapabilityinCST– ASTRIinvolvesover120people– 50FTE,whereonly~5FTEhadpreviousexperienceinCST

• 5patentsindevelopment– Relatedtoheliostats,receivers,storage,powerblock

• Systemconfigurationsdevelopedtoachieve12c/kWh• Firstresearchprogramknowntohavecostmetricsforsolarfuels• Significantcollaboration

– Across7ASTRIpartners,involvinginternationalengagement

“Comingtogetherisabeginning;keepingtogetherisprogress;workingtogetherissuccess”– HenryFord


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FutureDirection

• WP1:TechnologiestoMarket• ActivitiesleadingtoanASTRIplantdemonstration– Heliostatfieldcostdown– Sodiumreceiver– PCM energystorage– sCO2 Braytonpowerblock– O&M optimisation

• WP2:StrategicTechnologies• Longer-termCSTtechnologyopportunities– De-riskingtechnologiesfocusingonmaterialscience– HightemperatureCSTandstoragetechnologies

• WP3:ValueProposition• DefinevaluepropositionbeyondLCOEofCSTtechnologiesinAustralia• ConsolidatemodellingandoutputfromAustralianCSTresearchprojectsinacommonframework


WP1:TechnologiestoMarket Start Year3 Year4 Stage2:2020ASTRIheliostat 2 3 4 6/7Flux-optimisedsodiumreceiver 2 3 3 5/6Coil-in-tankPCM 2 3 4 6sCO2powerblock 2 3 4 6O&Msystems 1 2 3 7

WP2:StratgegicTechnologies Start Year3 Year4 Stage2:2020Particlereceiver 2 3 3 5Thermochemicalprocesses 2 3 4 4/5Alternativepowerblocks 2 3 4 7Solarfuels 1 2 3 5Materialscience 1 2 3 4/5

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KeyCSTMessage

• Concentratingsolarthermal(CST)technologyisaviablecleanenergysolutionforAustraliaandtheworld,offering• Dispatchabilityfromstoringthermalenergytodeliverpowerwhenrequired• Useofconventionalpowerblocktechnology– Deliversameancillaryservicestothegridasaconventionalpowerplant– Hybridisesolarthermalinputwithotherthermalinputseitherrenewable(biomass)orconventional(coaland/orgas)

– Benefit fromanyadvancesinpowerblocktechnology• Potential forhighlocalcontent– Substantialoveralleconomicimpactthroughlocaleconomyandjobcreation

• Abilitytodelivernotjustelectricitybuthigh-temperatureprocessheatwhichcanbeusedtodrivechemicalprocesses,andforanyotherhighvalue-addedindustrialprocessthatrequiresit

• Keychallengeistoimprovevalueandcostcompetitiveness• Thisrequiresacoordinatedsystemsapproachtoresearch,developmentanddemonstration


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SarahMillerASTRIChiefOperatingOfficert +61249606084e [email protected]

w www.astri.org.au

ThankyouThisworkhas beensupportedbytheAustralianGovernmentthroughtheAustralianRenewableEnergyAgency(ARENA).TheviewsexpressedhereinarenotnecessarilytheviewsoftheAustralianGovernment,andtheAustralianGovernmentdoesnotacceptresponsibility foranyinformation oradvice

containedherein.