History and Institutional Development of Globalization in Asia

History & Institutional Development of Glob. in AsiaSara HsuHistory of Globalization: A parableStudy the past if you would define the future. --Confucius If your enemy is secure at all points, be prepared for him. If he is in superior strength, evade him. If your opponent is temperamental, seek to irritate him. Pretend to be weak, that he may grow arrogant. If he is taking his ease, give him no rest. If his forces are united, separate them. If sovereign and subject are in accord, put division between them. Attack him where he is unprepared, appear where you are not expected. Sun Tzu DefinitionInstitution: refers to a set of rules, conventions and norms that sets a standard of behavior for the members of the society. Also refers to organizations that operate a both higher and lower levels of society which can help or hinder economic activity. Case Studies: China & JapanChinaAncient China & GlobalizationChina Silk Road

Zhang Qian, Zhang Qian was born in Chenggu (the present Chenggu County of Shaanxi Province) of Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-24 AD). He was an outstanding envoy and explorer in Chinese history, opening up the ancient Silk Road and bringing reliable information about the Western Regions. During the reign of the Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD), the Huns (Xiongnu) often intruded into the northern borders of the Han Empire, so the emperor was making preparations to fight against the Huns. When he knew Da Yuezhi (an ancient state in Amu Darya) had a feud with the Huns, because its king was killed by the Huns' Chanyu (the headman of Hunnish tribes) and the head made into a goblet, he decided to unite with this state to combat their common enemy. Therefore, Zhang Qian was sent as a diplomatic envoy to the Western Regions. In 139 BC, with about 100 people, Zhang Qian departed from Longxi (in Gansu Province). Unfortunately, Zhang Qian and the delegation were captured by the Huns when they reached the Hexi Corridor and detained for ten years as hostage. Finally, they found a chance to flee. They crossed deserts and the Gobi, and went over the snow-covered Pamirs. After about ten days, they arrived in Dawan (in Fergana Basin). Under the help of a Dawan's guide, they went through Kangju (between Balkhash Lake and the Aral Sea) and reached Da Yuezhi. To Zhang Qian's surprise, satisfied with their life, the Da Yuezhi people refused to make an alliance against the Huns. Besides, they thought it was impossible to resist the Huns together because they were far away from the Han Dynasty. Zhang Qian made an on-the-spot investigation in Daxia (Balkh) and other countries for more than one year. In 128 BC, Zhang Qian decided to return to Chang'an (the ancient name of Xian). On their return journey, they were captured by the Huns again and detained for more than one year. In 126 BC, Zhang Qian seized the opportunity provided by internal disorder among the Huns. He escaped and reached Chang'an. Although he failed to finish the mission to make a military alliance with Da Yuezhi, he obtained a great deal of knowledge about the people, geography, culture and customs of 36 states in the Western Regions. In 119 BC, Zhang Qian set off on his second journey to the Western Regions, in order to ally with Wusun (in Ili) Valley) against the Huns. At that time, the Huns had been expelled from the Hexi Corridor, so Zhang Qian reached Wusun easily. Then he sent other envoys to Dawan, Kangju, Da Yuezhi, Anxi (Parthia, in now Iran), Juandu (present India), Yutian (Hetian) and other countries. In 115 BC, the king of Wusun put an interpreter and a guide at Zhan Qian's disposal. Moreover, Wusun's ten envoys convoyed Zhang Qian to Chang'an. He died there in 114 BC. Then the diplomatic envoys he sent came back in droves. Finally, the Han Dynasty was able to build good relationships with states of the Western Regions.-http://history.cultural-china.com/en/50History7043.html8Military Prowess

Religion

ColonialismOpium Wars

Japanese Invasion

Maoist Reaction

Post-Mao, 1979Household Responsibility System

Township & Village Enterprises

Tiananmen Square

Special Economic Zones

Privatization

Trade

Finance

JapanKofun Period (300-645 AD)Chinese writing and virtues adopted

Firearms introduced by Portuguese soldiers (1543)

Meiji Japan

Railroad Workers

Industrialization and Trade

Innovation and Globalization

Welding Robots

Shinkansen

Port of Osaka, Since 250 AD

What are some key institutions in China and Japan?How have these institutions contributed to the process of globalization?Questions?