sanyam ohra
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Introduction
Made By :- Sanyam Ohra Class :- IXth A
Submit To :- Veer Sir Roll No :- 20
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Particles
• Atoms• molecules
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What's an atom?
Definition:A microscopic small particle that could not be made any smaller and still behave as a chemical system. Atoms are the smallest
particles that can exist and represent elements identity. Atoms cannot be
created or destroyed
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Atoms
• Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, electrons• The atomic structure is shown in the diagram
below• Protons have positive charge• Electrons have negative charge• Neutrons have no charge
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ATOMIC STRUCTURE
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ATOMIC STRUCTURE
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PropertiesParticle Mass (kg) Mass (amu)# Charge*
Electron 9.10939 x 10 -31 0.00055 = 0 - 1
Proton 1.67262 x 10 -27 1.00728 = 1 +1
Neutron 1.67493 x 10 -27 1.00866 = 1 0
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Atoms
• Sub-atomic particles• Electrons• Protons• Neutrons
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ATOMIC PARTICLES:
• Atoms consist of three subatomic particles:• electrons – electrons are negatively charged particles and their
properties are summarized in the following table • protons – protons are positively charged particles and their
properties are summarized in the following table • neutrons – neutrons have no charge and their properties are
summarized in the following table
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ELECTRONS
• Small negatively charged particle• Orbit, circle, around the nucleus• Have no mass.• Atoms are neutral.• Number of electrons = number of protons
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PROTONS:
• small, positively charged particles • reside in the nucleus • along with the neutron, make up most of the
mass of the atom • the number of protons is what defines the
type of a particular atom.• Atoms are neutral• Number of protons = number of electrons
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NEUTRONS:
• small particles with no charge • reside in the nucleus • along with the proton, make up most of the
mass of the atom
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ATOMS--Dalton's Atomic Theory
• All matter (including elements) is composed of atoms; each atom is a very small, chemically indivisible particle – the word 'atom' is from the Greek word "atmos"
which means "cannot be cut apart" • elements are different because they are
composed of different types of atoms • each type of atom has properties different
from other atoms
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Atomic theory of matter
• Matter composed of atoms• Atoms of given element have identical
properties• Different elements have different properties• Atoms combine in whole number ratios• Not created or destroyed in ordinary chemical
reactions
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What's a molecule?
Definition:The smallest particles of an element or compound that can exist and retain the chemical properties of that element or
compound
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Molecules
•Molecular formula gives composition: number of atoms of each element present•Molecular mass= sum of masses of atoms
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EXAMPLES OF MOLECULES
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Examples of molecules
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Representing molecules
• Names: ethanol, ethyl alcohol
•Formulas: C2H8O, C2H5OH, CH3CH2OH
•Structural drawings
•Models