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Textbook Citizenship: The Depiction of Citizenship in Selected Social Studies

High School Textbooks in Iloilo City

A Research Project Presented to

Division of Social Sciences

College of Arts and Sciences

University of the Philippines in the Visayas

Miagao, Iloilo

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in Political Science Management

Submitted by:

Doni June V. Almio

March 2012

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Approval Sheet

The research paper attached hereto entitled, Textbook Citizenship: The Depiction of Citizenship in Selected Social Studies High School Textbooks in Iloilo City, prepared and submitted by Doni June Almio in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

Degree of Bachelor of Arts in Political Science Management, is hereby recommended for acceptance.

_____________________

Prof. Tomasito T. Talledo

Adviser

Accepted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in

Political Science Management

_________________________

Dr. Rosalie Arcala Hall Chairperson

Division of Social Sciences

College of Arts and Sciences

University of the Philippines in the Visayas

Miagao, Iloilo

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Acknowledgement

One does not simply forget the persons who helped him.

This research paper would not have been possible without the help of some

persons who dedicated a part of their time to me. Words are not enough to show my

appreciation and gratitude for their time and effort. This is my way of showing

gratefulness to those who gave a little bit of their time in making this research a success.

One does not simply walk into a battle without a good adviser.

First and foremost, I owe my deepest gratitude to my research adviser, Professor

Tomasito T. Talledo, who supported me until this research was finished. I thank him for

his non-ending patience in giving constructive criticisms to my research paper. I give 5

shots to you sir! Kampai!

One does not simply forget his mentors.

This research paper would not have been possible without my PoliSci professors

and instructors. Thanks to UP Visayas Miagao PoliSci teachers: Dr. Rosalie Arcala-Hall, Professor Joseph Loot, Professor Brian Ventura, Professor Pepito Fernandez, Mr.

Juhn Cris Espia and UP Cebu PoliSci teachers: Professor Zenaida Ligan and Professor

Kaira Zoe Alburo. It is because the lessons that you gave me for the past four years that I

learned how to construct arguments and ideas for my research. I give 5 shots to you!

Salud!

One does not simply forget his colleagues.

To the centennial PoliSci batch, thanks for being my batchmates. Thank you for

all the times we shared. Thank you for the help you guys gave for my research. Thank

you for the eating sessions, coffee sessions, and drinking sessions. Through these

sessions, we were able to discuss some matters and exchange some ideas which I

incorporated in this research of mine. I give 4 shots to you! Yung Sing!

One does not simply forget his seniors.

I give my thanks to my upperclassmen who gave me some insights and ideas for

my research paper (through the drinking sessions and some serious moments of course). 3

shots to you! Pura Vida!

One does not simply forget his respondents

I also give my thanks to my interviewees and school respondents. If not for them,

this research would have been a failure. 2 shots for you! Vashi!

One does not simply forget his helpers.

To all the persons who made it possible for me to get all the textbooks I need for

my research paper: Mr. Richard Lacson, Mr. Ronald Gilles, Prof. Dominique Maquiran,

Jessa Mariae Redome, a million thanks to you! And to you guys, I give 1 shot! Prost!

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One does not simply forget his devotee.

To my dearest Miss Ma Erika Benjamin, I appreciate your help in making my

research possible. For always being there to me everytime Im down. Thank you for your optimistic view towards my research. I love you. 1 shot to you!

One does not simply forget his parents

To Mama and Papa, Paciencia V. Almio and Sergio G. Almio. Thank you for

providing my emotional, financial, physical, and mental needs. My gratitude to you cant be simply put into words. I love you both. A million shots to you! Tagay na!

One does not simply forget the Supreme Being

To someone up there. Thank you for hearing my prayers and made me finish this

research paper. A million shots to you too!

Thank all the persons!

Before, I get drunk because of the shots I have taken; I would like to thank all the

persons that I forgot to mention in this acknowledgement. May it be mentally,

emotionally, physically, or financially, you contributed a lot for this research paper to be

a success. 1 shot for each of every one of you!

Reach for your dreams because there are no dead ends

- Doni June Valenzuela Almio

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Almio, Doni June V. (March 2012). Textbook Citizenship: The Depiction of Citizenship

in Selected Social Studies High School Textbooks in Iloilo City. A research project

submitted to Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the

Philippines in the Visayas, Miagao, Iloilo.

Abstract

A research was conducted to identify the citizenships depicted in selected Social Studies

textbooks in Iloilo City and compared it with the citizenships found in Russia in Bulgaria.

The method used for the study was qualitative content analysis of sixteen social studies

textbooks and key informant interview for the process of textbook making. The most

dominant body involved in the textbook making process is the state through its agencies.

The schools, may it be public, laboratory, or private are subjected to the guidelines of the

Department of Education when it comes to selection of textbooks. The researcher

identified four classifications of citizenship that are present in the textbooks that were

analyzed: Passive Citizenship, Active Citizenship, National Citizenship, and Religious

Citizenship. These classifications of citizenship are dependent on the political culture of

each country. By identifying the citizenship depicted in the high school social studies

textbooks, it will be evident on how the Philippines wants its citizens to be. This is

because of the reason that Philippines used the textbooks as state ideological apparatuses

to maintain control over its people. Citizenship training is the best way to do that.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pages

TITLE PAGE i

APPROVAL SHEET ii

ACKNOWLEGEMENT iii

ABSTRACT v

TABLE OF CONTENTS vi

LIST OF TABLES viii

LIST OF FIGURES ix

CHAPTER I - Research Proposal 1

A. Statement of the Problem 1 B. Rationale of the Study 1 C. Objectives of the Study 3 D. Conceptual Framework 4 E. Scope and Delimitation of the Study 6 F. Significance of the Study 6 G. Definition of Terms 7 H. Methodology 9

a. The Process of Collecting Textbooks

10

b. Content Analysis Process 14

I. Review of Related Literature 16 J. Citizenship Classifications 30

CHAPTER II The Process of Textbook Making and Selection

32

Data Gathering Process 32

The Textbook Making Process 34

The Social Studies Curriculum 42

School Level Textbook Selection

Process

44

State Control and Formation of

Citizenship

48

CHAPTER III Depiction of Citizenship Textbooks

47

Passive Citizenship 53

Active Citizenship 60

National Citizenship 64

Religious Citizenship 66

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CHAPTER IV Similarities & Differences: Citizenships

of Other States and

Citizenships in

Textbooks Used in Iloilo

City

71

CHAPTER V Conclusion 78

REFERENCES 82

a. General References 83 b. Interviews 86 c. Textbooks Used 87

APPENDICES 88

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LIST OF TABLES

Pages

Table 1. Conceptual and Operational

Definitions of Terms

7

Table 2. Types of Citizenship Found and

Textbook Under It

69

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LIST OF FIGURES

Pages

Figure 1. Relationship of the Variables in

this Study

4

Figure 2. The Process or Textbook

Making in the Philippines

41

Figure 3. The Relationship of

Citizenships in Textbooks that

were Analyzed

68