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© Copyright Regents Boosters™ 2013 EARTH SCIENCE BOOSTERS™ 1

SAMPLE Earth science

BOOSTERS™ CARDS


Here is a selection from Earth Science Boosters™ on Deposition.


UNIT 10: Deposition


Deposition


Deposition/Sedimentation


Deposition/Sedimentation

DEPOSITION/SEDIMENTATION: Sediments are dropped/deposited.

Sediments are moved during erosion and then deposited (dropped along the way)

during deposition.


Deposition & Velocity


Deposition & Velocity

Deposition happens when the velocity (speed) of the erosion

agent (wind, water…) slows down or stops.

We learned that the faster the stream moves, the bigger the particles it will carry.

Therefore:

Let’s say the stream was moving fast and carrying large particles, and then it

slowed down. The stream can’t carry the big particles anymore, so the big pieces

stop moving and are deposited.


Deposition & Characteristics of

Sediments


Deposition & Characteristics of Sediments

SIZE: The bigger the sediment, the faster it will deposit.

When the water/wind slows down, it won’t be able to carry the big pieces anymore,

so the big pieces will settle there.

SHAPE: the rounder the sediment, the quicker it will deposit.

The flatter the sediment, the lower the rate of deposition.

DENSITY: Denser usually means heavier.

The denser the sediment, the faster it will deposit.

DISSOLVED MINERALS: Water can become saturate with dissolved

mineralsthe dissolved minerals will settle out of the water and crystallize.


Sediment Sorting


Sediment Sorting

SORTED SEDIMENTS:

During deposition, the sediments group together with other sediments of

the same shape, size and density. Therefore, sediments are similar in

size, shape and density. (Sorting is mainly determined by size.)

Occurs as a result of stream and wind erosion.

UNSORTED SEDIMENTS:

Sediments of different size, shape, and density are mixed.

Occurs as a result of Glacier erosion and mass movement.

When glaciers melt, all the mixed particles are deposited together.

During mass movement, mixed sediments all fall together unsorted.

HINT: Unsorted sediments are caused by Gravity and Glaciers. All other erosion agents will deposit sorted particles.


Graded Beds/Verticle Sorting


Graded Beds/Vertical Sorting

When an unsorted group of sediments are deposited at the

same time, the big pieces will sink to the bottom and the

small pieces will stay at the top. They sort vertically (top to

bottom). This is called a BED.

When another group of unsorted sediments settle on top of

the 1st

bed, they also sort themselves with the big pieces

on bottom and the small on top.

This happens at ocean and lake bottoms where velocity

slows or stops abruptly.

Bed #2

Bed #1


Horizontal Sorting


Horizontal Sorting

When a stream slows down gradually, first the big, round, dense particles will

settle, then the smaller, less round, less dense particles will settle. The smallest,

flattest, least dense particles will settle last.

The size,

roundness, and

density decrease as

we move away from

the starting point.

NOTE: Common Regents question - Vertical sorting occurs when the water

flow stops quickly. Horizontal sorting occurs when the flows stops gradually.


Practice Regents Question- from June 2011


Answer:

When the river flows into the lake, the water starts slowing down. When the water

starts slowing down, the bigger particles will be deposited. As time goes on, the

water will slow down further, so the smaller pieces will get deposited.

In this example, the question asks- at which point does the river start flowing into

the ocean? When the water starts slowing down, the bigger pieces get deposited.

Therefore, Point C, which has the biggest particles in this diagram, will be the

point at which the river starts flowing into the lake.

Choice #3


Practice Regents Question-from June 2011

45) Sediments deposited by the river at location B are best described as

(1) sorted and layered (3) unsorted and layered

(2) sorted and not layered (4) unsorted and not layered


Answer:

Rocks in rivers are usually sorted and layered.

Choice #1


Stream Deposition


Stream Deposition

Where are sediments deposited along a stream during erosion?

Where the slope and velocity are lower (gentle slope

and low velocity)

Inside the curve of the meander

Most deposition is at the delta.

Deposition happens at the opposite

places of erosion. Maximum erosion

occurs when there is a steep slope,

where there is lots of discharge, and

outside the curve.


Dynamic Equilibrium: Erosion & Deposition


Dynamic Equilibrium: Erosion & Deposition

The rate of erosion=rate of deposition

Any sediments that are eroded and transported will eventually be deposited too.


Stream Deposition & Land Features 1


Stream Deposition & Land Features

The type of erosion that happens will affect the land features of that area. The

next few cards will discuss different types of erosion and the resulting land

features.

STREAM DEPOSITION & LAND FEATURES:

Deposition happens inside the meanders.

Lots of deposition happens at the flood plains.

Lots of deposition happens at the delta.


Stream Deposition & Land

Features 2


Stream Deposition & Land Features 2

At the mouth of the stream, the sediments are usually deposited in fan shapes.


Glacier Deposition & Land Features 1



NOTE: There are many Regents questions on this topic. They love asking about glaciers

in general and about the land features caused by glaciers. Memorize how the moraine,

drumlin, kettle lakes, and outwash plain look.

MORAINE: When a glacier melts and deposits a large chunk of sediment

HINT: Moraine-more. There are more deposits here than usual.

DRUMLIN: oval mound. Small hill of unsorted sediments.

HINT: Drum lin-drum. The drumlin slightly resembles the shape of drums.

The steep side of the hill faces the place where the glacier came from.



KETTLE LAKES: When glacier ice melts, it leaves behind holes/depressions called

KETTLES. When water fills up these kettles, it becomes a KETTLE LAKE.

HINT: Kettle lakes- kettle. Kettles are filled with water just like kettle lakes and slightly resemble the shape of a kettle lake.

OUTWASH PLAIN: broad, flat or gentle sloped deposit of sorted rocks (similar to

delta)


Practice Regents Question-from Jan 2012

46) The elongated hills labeled R are most useful in determining the

(1) age of the glacier (3) thickness of the glacier

(2) direction the glacier has moved (4) rate at which the glacier is melting


Answer:

The elongated hills labeled R are drumlins, where the steep part of the hill faces

the direction the glacier came from and the other side shows which direction the

glacier moved. Drumlins show the direction that the glacier moved.

Choice #2


Practice Regents Question-from June 2012

Use the diagram on the previous card to answer these questions.

47) Which feature will most likely form when the partially buried ice block melts?

(1) drumlin (3) kettle lake

(2) moraine (4) finger lake

48) The ridge of sediments from X to Y can best be described as

(1) sorted and deposited by ice (3) unsorted and deposited by ice

(2) sorted and deposited by meltwater (4) unsorted and deposited by meltwater


Answer:

47) When glacier ice melts, it leaves behind holes/depressions called KETTLES. When

water fills up these kettles, it becomes a KETTLE LAKE.

Choice #3

48) Glacier deposition is when the ice melts and the unsorted particles are deposited.

Choice #3


Water Current Deposition & Land

Features


Stream Deposition & Land Features

BEACHES: When waves slow down, they deposit

sediments (usually sand) at the shore.

When the waves are very powerful, beaches erode

more and bring more sand back into the ocean.

SANDBAR: long, narrow sandbank

BARRIER ISLAND: an island of sediment in middle of

the ocean

Waves travel at an angle and deposit the particles at an

angle.


Wind Deposition & Land Features


Wind Deposition & Land Features

When winds slow down or stops, sediment drops.

Wind usually carries small-sized sediments (sand and smaller particles).

Wind usually carries durst and volcanic ash over large areas of land.

SAND DUNES: A hill of sand made by the wind

The gentle slope (windward) is facing the wind

The steep slope (leeward) is on the opposite side (the direction the wind

is blowing to).

Sand in the sand dune is very round and frosted.


Practice Regents Question-from Aug 2010


Answer:

Wind carries small sized sediments (silt is a small sediment) over large areas of

land.

Choice #3


Mass Movement Deposition & Land

Features


Mass Movement Deposition & Land Features

During Mass Movement a pile of unsorted sediments fall down.

We can see this at the bottom of a cliff or mountain.

The shape of the fallen rocks is angular and sharp.


Real Regents Questions

The key to doing well on your Regents is practicing Regents Questions.

I know you already did a lot of questions throughout the chapter, but you need

a lot more to really do well!!

On the following card, we give you a list of more Regents questions to

practice. You can use either source below to practice more questions.

An Earth Science Barron’s Regents Book (try to use a recent one)

Or get the Regents from: http://www.nysedregents.org/earthscience/

(Click on the Regents you want to do. Then select examination. The answers

are under the scoring key.)

http://www.nysedregents.org/earthscience/


Here are some more Regents questions to practice for this unit:

AUG 2012: 19, 20, 42

JUNE 2012: 15, 59

JAN 2012: 19, 46-48

AUG 2011: 83-85

JUNE 2011: 21, 23, 44-46

JAN 2011: 12, 14, 49, 50

AUG 2010: 20, 31, 33, 38, 40

JUNE 2010: 54

JAN 2010: 19, 24, 32, 77, 78

Congratulations! You did it! You just finished the 10th unit! Keep on going!

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