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Anatomy ofSalivary GlandsDr. Ahmad Fathy El HussainyLecturer of General SurgeryAin Shams University

Parotid Gland - It is the largest salivary gland- Secretes serous fluids

Site

Angle of Mandible

Sternomastoid

Auricle

Relations

RelationsUpper Part

Superficial Temporal vessels.

Auriculotemporal nerve.

Cartilaginous part of External Auditory Meatus.

Temporal branch of Facial n.

RelationsLower Part

Cervical branch of Facial n.

Retromandibular vein.

Posterior belly of digastric.

External Carotid artery.

Relations

Zygomatic branch of Facial n.

Transverse Facial artery.

Buccal branch of Facial n.

Accessory Parotid gland.

Parotid duct.

Mandibular branch of Facial n.Anterior Border

RelationsLateral SurfaceGreat Auricular nerve.

Parotid lymph nodes.

Skin and Fascia

RelationsAntero-Medial Surface

Ramus of the mandible.

Masseter muscle.

Medial pterygoid muscle

RelationsPostero-Medial Surface

Mastoid process

Sternomastoid muscle

Posterior belly of Digastric Styloid process and the muscle & ligaments attached to it.

Internal carotid artery & Internal jugular vein (carotid sheath).

Relations

Structures within the GlandExternal carotid artery

Retromandibular vein

Facial nerve

CapsuleFalse Capsule

CapsuleFalse Capsule

True Capsule

Accesory PartSemidetached part of the gland, which lies just above the parotid duct

Parotid Duct5 cm long & emerges from the anterior border & runs superficial to masseter m.

Parotid DuctThen pierces the buccinator to open in the vestibule of mouth, opposite the upper 2nd molar tooth

Arterial SupplyExternal Carotid ArteryVenous DrainageRetromandibular Vein

Nerve Supply1. Sensory:Auriculotemporal nerve

a. Capsule:a. Gland:Great Auricular nerve

Nerve Supply2. Sympathetic:

From the sympathetic plexus around the external carotid.

Nerve Supply3. Parasympathetic:The secretomotor fibers arise from the inferior salivary nucleus in the medulla oblongata.Joins the glossopharyngeal nerve (9th cranial) Leaves the 9th nerve through its tympanic branch which enters the middle ear where it joins the tympanic plexus.Lesser Petrosal nerve arises from the tympanic plexus as a continuation of the tympanic branch Enters the foramen ovale to relay in the otic ganglion

Joins auriculotemporal nerve through which they reach the gland

MedullaOblangata

InferiorSalivaryNucleus

Glossopharyngeal n.

TympanicPlexus

LesserPetrosal n.

OticGanglion

Auriculotemporal n.

Surface Anatomy of Parotid Gland

Head ofMandible

Middle ofMasseter m.

2 cm belowAngle ofMandible

MastoidProcess

Surface Anatomy of Parotid Duct

Tragus ofthe ear

Midway between the ala of the nose and the angle of the mouth

Middle of the horizontal line

SubmandibularGland

Site

Digastric triangle, partly below & partly deep to the mandible

PartsSuperficial partDeep partSubmandibular duct

Superficial part

Deep part

Submandibular duct

Superficial Part Wedge shaped, extending:Posteriorly: to the angle of mandible.Superiorly: to mylohyoid line of mandible.Inferiorly: it overlaps the 2 bellies of digastric m

RelationsInferolateral surface: related to skin, superficial fascia (containing platysma, cervical branch of facial n., ant. facial v., LNs) & deep fascia.Lateral surface: related to body of mandible, facial a., mylohyoid n. & a.

Medial surface: related to 2 muscles (mylohyoid & hyoglossus) & 2 nerves (lingual & hypoglossal).

Triple Relations of Facial Artery to the Gland

Facial a.

Triple Relations of Lingual Nerve to the Duct

Lingual n.

Hypoglossal n.

Deep PartSmall part lying deep to mylohyoidSuperficial to hyoglossusBetween lingual n. above & hypoglossal n. below

Mylohyoid

Lingual n.

Submandibular Duct5cm long Triple relations with the lingual nerve

Lingual n.

Submandibular Duct5cm long Triple relations with the lingual nerveOpening into the floor of mouth close to frenulum of the tongue

Frenulum

Nerve SupplySensory: Lingual nerve

Sympathetic: Plexus around the facial artery

Parasympathetic:Chorda tympani from Facial nerve

ThankYou