sa_lecture 7_rural & urban communities

7/29/2019 SA_Lecture 7_Rural & Urban Communities

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Rural and UrbanCommunitiesChapter 13 of Textbook


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Unit II Content

The origin of man and society / Early beginning ofculture and society (Ch. 3)

Nature and types of culture / Adaptations to culture

(Ch. 6)

The nature, characteristics and types of society (Ch. 4)

The rural and urban communities (Ch. 13)

Intergroup relations and problems (Ch. 5)

The changing society and its contemporary issues /

Globalization and social movements (Ch. 20)


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RURAL?URBAN?


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The rural community life

A slow-paced and less stressful life: Folks are less tolerant on social issues

Emphasis on the important values, of helpingothers, salvation, and leisure

Well-paying employment opportunities are lessexperienced

Innovations and changes that originate in thecity are diffused in the rural communities

(Brinkerhoff et al, 2005)


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Philippine rural communities

Small population that fits primary group

interaction Economic activities: revolve around

agriculture, fishing, mining, and the like

Mutual helpfulness and neighborliness are

manifested in various situations (ex.Bayanihan)

Relationships: traditional yet meaningful,personal, and intimate

(Palispis, 2007)


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Rural culture in the Philippines

Religiosity is intertwined with animistic beliefs

The presence of strong influence of religion:

manifested in their belief in the power of the

unknown and occurrence of miracles

Prime importance is given to fiestas or annualfestivitieswhich are not only religious in nature

but also familial.


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There is a strong kinship system

attached to the complex set or norms

values that permeates the ruralcommunities social dynamic pattern of

interaction

Gemeinschaft(by Ferdinand Toennies) manifestation of a more personal and

permanent relations with primary groups


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Development of cities

Urban sociology: Believed that permanent human

settlements started at about 8000

BC

But the emergence of fullydeveloped cities arose at about3500 BC in the western part ofAsia, the Sumerian civilization inMesopotamia (now Iraq)


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Some of the earliest cities in

history:

Memphis in ancient Egypt (3200 BC) Major cities in Pakistan (between 2500

and 2000 BC)

Cities in Europe (2400 BC)

Cities in China (1850 BC)

Cities in Africa (1000 BC)


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Pre-industrial cities

Rome the largest pre-industrialcity in history (as attested by the

richness of its culture and history)

Fall of the Roman empire = declineof the image of the pre-industrial

city


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Characteristics of pre-industrial

cities

Small population due to high deathrates, crowded housing, hazards

from plagues and fires

Limited food supply Difficulty in migration to city

BUT: have a strong sense ofidentity and belongingness (senseof community)


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Industrial Cities

Drastic changes occurred (oftenlinked to urbanization) Migration to urban and suburban areas

Huge growth in technology resulted

in the rise of streamlined commercialcitiesin the 19th century Shift from agriculture to

manufacturing activities

Use of machines in factories andindustries


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In less-developed countries Cities grow rapidly due to population

growth even without migration from

the countryside.

Some growing cities were not really

industrial centers but administrative

areas


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Urbanization / growth of cities

[Growth of] cities are products ofpeoples adjustment to the natural

environment by effecting changes

to overcome natural barriers


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Urban economic models

Concentric zone model

Sector model

Multiple nuclei model


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Concentric zone model

Developed by Ernest W. Burgess inthe 1920s

Model adheres to structure of a

typical city with a business districtas its core or center.

The center is made up of variouskinds of office buildings and shops

Ex. Chicago, Illinois


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Sector model Introduced by Homer Hoyt in 1939

Significance of terrain and transportation route isemphasized

Residences of a particular type and value tend to

grow outward from the center in a wedge-shapedsectors with the more expensive residentialneighborhoods situated along the higher groundnear lakes and rivers or along particular streetsthat stretch in one direction or another from thedowntown area.

Ex. San Francisco, CA and Seattle, WA


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Multiple nuclei model

Deveoped by Chauncy Harris and EdwardUllman in 1940

City with numerous centersof development. The centers are based on specializedactivities to meet the needs of urban folks

(ex. Central business district for commercialand financial activities; bright light districtsfor recreation, medical complex, governmentcenters)

Ex. Boston, Massachusetts


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Urban community life

Modernization and innovation usuallystarts in the urban communities

More employment opportunities

Growth and development areconcentrated in urban setting

Gesellschaft relationship areimpersonal and superficial due to thecomplex and quick-paced living.


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Negative feature of urbanization

Louis Wirth (1938)

People still keep and value primary

ties, BUT they manifest emotionaldistance towards strangers


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Other problems confronting urban

communities

Pollution (air, noise, and otherhazards)

Employment(unemployment andunderemployment)

Higher crime rates Squatting (informal settlers)

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