(saidp) under rashtriya krishi vikas yojana plan/saidp... · 2017-12-05 · state agriculture...

State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Plan

(SAIDP)

Under Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana

Twelfth Five Year Plan Period

(Year 2012 to 2017)

Soil Testing Lab Agriculture Extension & Training Center

Submitted to:

Government of India

Ministry of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmer Welfare

New Delhi

Submitted by

Government of Madhya Pradesh

Department of Farmer Welfare & Agriculture Development,

State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Plan 2012-17, Madhya Pradesh

GoMP, Department of Farmer Welfare & Agriculture Development,

INDEX

CHAPTER – 1 INTRODUCTION & METHODOLOGY 4

1.1 Major Areas of Focus 11

1.2 Objectives of SAIDP 11

1.3 Approach and Methodology for the District and State Plan 12

1.4 Steps Followed in Developing District Plans 12

CHAPTER – II RESOURCE BASE AND CURRENT STATUS OF THE ECONOMY 14

2.1 Zonal Classifications 14

2.2 Geomorphologic Zones 14

2.3 Land Use Pattern in Madhya Pradesh State 22

2.4 Operational Holdings 28

2.5 Irrigation 31

2.6 Sources of Irrigation 31

2.7 Agriculture 34

2.8 Horticulture 46

2.9 Agricultural Engineering 49

2.10 Animal Husbandry and Dairy 50

2.11 Fisheries 53

CHAPTER III STRENGTH, WEAKNESS, OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

SWOC Analysis

59

3.1 Agriculture Sector 59

3.2 Horticulture Sector 62

3.3 Agriculture Engineering 65

3.4 Animal Husbandry Sector 65

3.5 Fisheries Sector 66

CHAPTER IV MADHYA PRADESH: VISION 2020 68

4.1 Indian Agriculture at a Glance 68

4.2 Emerging Trends 70

4.3 Main Issues 71

4.4 Vision 71

4.5 Challenges, Policies and Strategies 72



Chapter V MAJOR CONSTRAINTS & DEVELOPMENT ISSUES FOR SAIDP 81

5.1 Agriculture sector 81

5.2 Agriculture Mechanization 81

5.3 Animal Husbandry 81

5.4 Horticulture 82

5.5 Fishery 82

5.6 Co-operative 82

Chapter VI ON GOING SCHEMES AND INTERVENTIONS REQUIRED FOR

INFRASTRUCTURE

83

6.1 Agriculture 83

6.2 Horticulture Development 85

6.3 Agriculture Engineering 85

6.4 Animal Husbandry 86

6.5 Fishery 87

Chapter – VII FUNDS REQUIREMENT FOR INFRASTRUCTURE

DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR 12TH FIVE YEAR PLAN PERIOD

FROM 2012-13 TO 2016-17

88

Chapter - VIII MONITORING AND EVALUATION 120



CHAPTER – 1

INTRODUCTION & METHODOLOGY

INTRODUCTION: The land is blessed in all terms; such as topography, natural beauty,

population, religional culture or language. India compresses of twenty eight states and seven

union territories. The twenty eight states and the seven union territories are all unique in their

own way, having an extraordinary history and culture. All the states and union territories in

India never fail to charm its visitors with their unfolding mysteries and charisma.

1.1 Madhya Pradesh: Landlocked in the central part of the country, Madhya Pradesh is

bordered by the states of Rajasthan to the northwest, Uttar Pradesh to the north, Chhattisgarh

to the east, Maharashtra to the south, and Gujarat to the west. Madhya Pradesh had the

honor of being the largest state of the country until Chhattisgarh was carved out of it on 1st

November 2000. The state has a mixed topography that consists of both hills and plains.

The state has three predominant seasons: winter (November through February), summer

(March through May), and the monsoon season (June through September). During the winter

average temperatures range from 10° to 27° C (50° to 81° F). Summers are hot, with an

average temperature of 29° C (85° F) and a high temperature that at times reaches 48° C (118°

F). During the monsoon season temperatures average 19° to 30° C (66° to 86°). Madhya

Pradesh receives an average annual rainfall of about 1200 mm (nearly 50 in), of which 90

percent falls during the monsoon season. The capital of the state is Bhopal. The largest city

and the commercial capital of the state is Indore. Below is a table representing important facts

about Madhya Pradesh

Figure 1 Madhya Pradesh Location Map

Table 1.1 ;-Facts on Madhya Pradesh

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Date of Formation Nov 1, 1956

Size 3,08,250 sq km

Population 7,25,97,565 (Census2011)

Capital Bhopal

Rivers Narmada, Tapti, Betwa, Son, Chambal

Forests & National Park Bandhavgarh NP, Kanha NP, Pench NP, Indrawati Tigar Reserve, Kheoni WS

Language Hindi

Neighbours State Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh

State Animal Swamp Deer

State Bird Paradise Fly-catcher

Figure 1 .1 : Madhya Pradesh Physical Map



Table 1.2 :State Profile of Madhya Pradesh

POPULATION (2011 census) 7,25,97,565

MALES 3,76,12,920(51.81)

FEMALES 3,49,84.645(48.19)

GENDER RATIO (females/1000 males) 930(Census2011)

DENSITY OF POPULATION (Persons/ Square Km) 236

URBAN POPULATION % 31.16

LITERACY RATE (census 2001) in % 70.6

MALE LITERACY in % 80.5%

RATIO OF URBAN POPULATION 31.15%

FEMALE LITERACY in % 60.0

PR CAPITA INCOME (Rs at current price in 1992-93) 4,725

BIRTH RATE (PER 1000) (2002)P 30.3

DEATH RATE (PER 1000) 9.7

There are fifty one districts in Madhya Pradesh, these are clubbed under ten divisions which

are Bhopal, Jabalpur, Indore, Chambal, Gwalior, Rewa, Sagar, Ujjain, Shahdol and

Narmadapuram. The division-wise districts are indicated in the table below:

Table 1.3 :Division wise Districts in Madhya Pradesh

S. No.

Name of Division No of Districts Name of Districts

1. Bhopal, 05 Bhopal, Sehore, Raisen, Rajgarh, Vidisha

2. Narmadapuram 04 Betul, Hoshangabad, Chhindwara, Harda

3. Indore 08 Indore, Jhabua, Alirajpur, Khargone, Badwani, Khandwa, Burhanpur, Dhar

4. Ujjain 07 Dewas, Ratlam, Shajapur, Mandsaur, Neemuch, Ujjain,Agar Malwa

5. Gwalior 05 Gwalior, Shivpuri, Guna, Ashok Nagar, Datia

6. Chambal 03 Bhind, Morena, Sheopur

7. Sagar 05 Sagar, Damoh, Panna, Chhatarpur, Tikamgarh

8. Jabalpur 06 Jabalpur, Katni, Narsinghpur, Seoni, Mandla, Balaghat

9. Rewa 04 Rewa, Sidhi, Singraouli, Satna,

10. Shahdol 04 Umariya, Dindori, Shahdol, Anuppur

51

http://nrega.nic.in/homedist.asp?check=1&state_name=MADHYA%20PRADESH&state_code=17&district_name=RATLAM&district_code=1717&fin_year=2009-2010

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http://nrega.nic.in/homedist.asp?check=1&state_name=MADHYA%20PRADESH&state_code=17&district_name=GWALIOR&district_code=1703&fin_year=2009-2010

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http://nrega.nic.in/homedist.asp?check=1&state_name=MADHYA%20PRADESH&state_code=17&district_name=GUNA&district_code=1706&fin_year=2009-2010

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Fig.1.2 Madhya Pradesh District Map

Madhya Pradesh is home to about 40 percent of India's tribal population. There are three

distinct tribal groups in the state. The largest chunk is formed by the Gonds, who once ruled a

major part of the state and after whom Gondwana, the central portion of the state is known.

Western Madhya Pradesh is inhabited by the Bhils, a colourful group of warriors and

huntsmen. Eastern Madhya Pradesh is dominated by the Oraons, most of whom have now

turned Christians. Hindi is the most widely spoken language though Marathi is also

widespread. Urdu, Oriya, Gujarati and Punjabi are spoken by sizeable numbers. The Bhils speak

Bhili and the Gonds Gondi and a major chunk of the population also speak Hindi. The Gonds,

Bhils and Banjaras have several vibrant tribal dances like Phag (a sword dance), Lota (dance by

women full of water on their heads), and other stilt dances. Textiles are important but Madhya

Pradesh also has a strong traditional village handicraft industry. Handloom Chanderi and

Maheshwar silks are especially sought after.

The tribal population produces attractive handicrafts. Among the temples known throughout

the world for their erotic art are those at Khajuraho in the Chhatarpur district in the north of

the state; dating from AD 1000, they were built by the Chandela kings. The temples at Gwalior

and in its vicinity should also be mentioned. The palaces and mosque at Mandu (near Dhar),

the majestic Bandhogarh fort built in the 14th century, and the Gwalior fort--perhaps the most

impressive of the residences of the former princes of Madhya Pradesh-represent other notable

architectural achievements. The state has several well-known annual cultural events, such as

Kalidas Samaroh (for performing and fine arts) in Ujjain, Tansen Samaroh (music) in Gwalior,

and a dance festival in Khajuraho, where artists from all over India participate. In Bhopal there

is a unique multifaceted cultural complex, the Bharat Bhavan, which functions as a meeting

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ground for artists from various fields. Located along the Bhopal Lake, this sprawling complex

houses a museum, a library, an open-air theatre, and a number of conference halls. The state

has important yearly religious melas (gatherings) in Mandasor and Ujjain, as well as religious

festivals like Dashhara.

Population of Madhya Pradesh The population of the state is 7,25,97,565 in the last held

census of 2011. At that point of time, Madhya Pradesh was considered to be the seventh most

populated state of India. Though Madhya Pradesh used to be a sparsely populated state

considering the huge area that it covers, yet the growth in the industries in the chief urban

areas saw a steady rise in the number of inhabitants from the previous census. The improved

gender ratio and literacy rate also speaks for the improvement of civil consciousness among

the population of Madhya Pradesh. Population in Madhya Pradesh is largely rural. About 75 %

of the total population resides in the villages. People involved in agriculture; by far; forms the

biggest occupation group in Madhya Pradesh. Nearly 71 % of the population is directly

involved in agriculture.

Madhya Pradesh's population boasts of a diverse ethnicity. Although Hindi is spoken by most

inhabitants, yet other minor ethnic groups also abound. Madhya Pradesh has the largest tribal

population in India, contributing to more than 23 % of the total tribal population in India. Bhils,

Gonds, Oraons, Korkens and Kols form the major ethnic groups of Madhya Pradesh. Recently a

development has been noted in the sex-ratio and the literacy rate of these ethnic groups.

However, most of them still prefer to continue with their traditional agrarian way of life.

The Government of Madhya Pradesh has been active in strengthening its industrial base in the

last few years. That has given rise to an increasing demand for skilled labor throughout the

state. The unskilled labor of the state are centered around the chief urban centers and are

supplied by the rural areas of the state. Madhya Pradesh is rich in minerals, though these

resources have not yet been fully exploited. There are large reserves of coal and important

deposits of copper ore, manganese ore, fireclay, and china clay. Diamond reserves at Panna

are of particular interest. Recent findings of large amount of Gas and Petroleum in and around

Shahdol, is a new addition.

The major industries of the state are Pharmaceutical, Electronics, Telecommunications,

Petrochemicals, Food Processing and Automobiles. The state has also taken a lead in the

production of cement. The state is also famous for its traditional handicrafts and handlooms

manufactured at Chanderi and Maheshwar. The state is well endowed with potential

hydroelectric power. Main hydroelectric projects (jointly developed with other states) are the

Babanthadi with Maharashtra, the Ban Sagar with Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, the Chambal Valley

with Rajasthan, the Narmada Sagar with Gujarat and Rajasthan, and the Rajghat and Urmil

with Uttar Pradesh. The Hasdeo Bango, Bargi, and Birsinghapur thermal power projects are

also within the state.

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Agriculture is the basis of Madhya Pradesh's economy. Little less than half of the land area is

cultivable; however its distribution is quite uneven because of variations in topography,

rainfall, and soils. The main cultivated areas are found in the Malwa Plateau, the Rewa Plateau,

and the Chhattisgarh Plain. The Narmada valley, covered with river-borne alluvium, is another

fertile area. The most important crops are rice, wheat, sorghum (jowar), corn (maize), pulses

(legumes such as peas, beans, or lentils), and peanuts (groundnuts). Rice is grown mainly in the

east, where there is more rainfall, while in western Madhya Pradesh wheat and sorghum are

more important.

The state is the largest soybean producer in India. Other crops include linseed, sesame,

sugarcane, and cotton, as well as minor millets, which are grown in hilly areas. The state is a

large producer of opium (in the western district of Mandasor, near Rajasthan) and marijuana

(in the southwestern district of Khandwa [East Nimar]). In fact, in Madhya Pradesh the basic

mainstay of the common people is agriculture; and it is through agriculture that the state is

growing with leaps and bounds. In Madhya Pradesh, about 74.73 % of people come from

villages who are far from the influence of industrialization.

Agriculture in Madhya Pradesh, a major part of the economy of Madhya Pradesh, also plays

an important role in the National Agricultural Production. Produced below is Madhya

Pradesh’s share in National Agriculture production:

Table 1.4 State's Share in National Agriculture Production & Their Status CROP GROUP CROP

FIRST POSITION SECOND POSITION THIRD POSITION POSITION OF M.P. IF NOT IN FIRST THREE STATE {%}

SHARE STATE {%}

SHARE STATE {%}

SHARE

POSITION {%} SHARE

TOTAL CEREALS

RAJ 25.37 MAH 13.56 A. P 9.18 FIFTH 8.7

TOTAL PULSES

M.P. 21.38 U.P. 19.77 MAH 18.51 - -

TOTAL FOOD GRAINS

U.P. 20.73 PUN 11.59 RAJ 8.43 FIFTH 7.43

TOTAL OIL SEEDS

GUJ 22.42 M .P. 22.10 RAJ 15.82 - -

RICE WB 16.61 U.P. 14.75 PUN 10.94 FOURTEENTH 1.90

JOWAR MAH 46.09 M.P. 14.11 KAR 11.03 - -

MAIZE A.P. 16.61 RAJ 13.86 M.P 12.39 - -

BAJRA RAJ 54.87 GUJ 13.20 U.P. 9.24 SIXTH 2.15

WHEAT U.P. 35.46 PUN 20.09 HAR 12.66 FOURTH 10.04

ARHAR MAH 29.11 U.P. 17.30 M.P. 11.39 - -

GRAM M.P. 40.33 U.P. 18.40 MAH 10.61 - -

MASOOR U.P. 48.54 M.P. 23.30 BIH 15.53 - -

GROUNDNUT GUJ 54.8 A.P. 12.10 TAM 11.25 SEVENTH 3.18

SOYABEAN M.P. 59.92 MAH 28.14 RAJ 8.78 - -

RAPE/MUSTARD

RAJ 44.19 HAR 15.48 U.P. 12.74 FOURTH 7.74

COTTON GUJ 29.06 MAH 22.21 A.P. 13.65 SEVENTH 4.76

SUGARCANE U.P. 47.51 MAH 11.37 TAM 8.31 ELEVENTH 0.92

Note : Data pertains to year 2003-04 (M P – Madhya Pradesh, U. P. - Uttar Pradesh, A.P. Andhra Pradesh, RAJ Ra

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Fig. 1.3 Madhya Pradesh Agricultural Map

Agriculture continues to be the mainstay of livelihood for more than 50 per cent of the population in Madhya Pradesh. It contributes more than 12 per cent of Net State Domestic Product. It is the single largest private sector providing job opportunities for rural people besides being the source of supply of food grains and other dietary staples and serving as the prime source of raw materials for industries. Agricultural development is essential not only to achieve self-reliance in food grains at the state level, but also for ensuring household food security and to bring equity in distribution of income and wealth resulting in ultimate reduction of the poverty level. In fact, high economic growth will have no meaning for the masses living in rural areas unless agriculture is revitalized.

Realising the urgency of problems in many of the states in India, National Development Council (NDC) resolved that a special Additional Central Assistance Scheme, named National Agriculture Development Programme (NADP / RKVY) be launched. The NDC also felt that agriculture development strategies must be reoriented to meet the needs of farmers and called upon the Central and State governments to evolve a strategy to rejuvenate agriculture with a commitment to achieve at least four per cent growth in the agricultural sector during the 11th Five Year plan period. To achieve this, formulation of action plans by means of developing Comprehensive District Agriculture Plans (DAP) is recommended. It is of the view that such plans would also reflect the various felt needs of the farmers and other stakeholders. Such District Agriculture Plans aim at moving towards projecting the requirements for development of Agriculture and allied sectors of the district including animal husbandry and fishery, minor irrigation projects, rural development works, agricultural marketing schemes, schemes for water harvesting and conservation, etc. keeping in view of the natural resources and technological possibilities in each district. These plans thus, would present the vision for Agriculture and allied sectors within the overall development perspective of the district apart from the financial requirement and the sources of financing the agriculture development plans in a comprehensive way.



Preparation of District Agriculture Plan for individual district in turn follows the formulation of State Agriculture Plan (SAP). The State Agriculture Plan integrates multiple programmes that are in operation in the district and State, include the resources and activities indicated by the State and combines the resources available from the other programmes also.

1.2 Major Areas of Focus

The NADP guidelines indicate the following major areas of focus. Based on these focussed areas, interventions and detailed action plans are prepared. Few innovative schemes as per the felt needs of the stakeholders are also proposed. The major sectors included in this document are as follows :-

1. Infrastructure related to Natural Resources Development.

2. Pest Management and Pesticides quality control.

3. Soil Nutrient Management, Fertilizers and Bio fertilizers.

4. Marketing and Post Harvest Management.

5. Seed and its quality control.

6. Agriculture Mechanization.

7. Agriculture Extension.

8. Agriculture Research .

9. Micro- Minor Irrigation.

10. Animal Husbandry and Dairy.

11. Horticulture.

12. Fishery.

1.3 Objectives of SAIDP :-

The major objectives of developing State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Plan are as follows :-

To prepare a Comprehensive State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Plan (SAIDP) through participatory process involving various organizations and stakeholders.

To enable optimum utilization of scarce natural, physical and financial resources.

To assess and plan for the infrastructure required to support the Integrated development of Agriculture Consortium.

To establish linkages with the required institutional support services, like credit, technology transfer, ICT, research, HRD, Procurement, Quality control, etc.

To evolve an action plan for achieving sustainable agricultural growth with food security and Integrated farming system that will improve farmers’ income.



1.3 Approach and Methodology

Department of Farmer’s Welfare and Agriculture, Government of Madhya Pradesh, advertised for the expression of interest from suitable agencies for the preparation of CDAPs for 11th five plan, in January’ 2009. Adopting the transparent and step by step systematic approach, work orders and MOUs were finally signed on 29th June’ 2009; with five most eligible agencies for undertaking the work in 48 districts of MP. (Work orders for the preparation of CDAPs, for two districts were allotted directly by GOI, to MANAGE, Hyderabad). The Comprehensive – District Agriculture Plans (C–DAP) prepared by these five agencies followed the methodology suggested by C –DAP Manual prescribed by Planning Commission, Government of India in letter and spirit. These agencies followed the Participatory Planning Processi (PPP) and Participatory Rural Appraisalii (PRA) tools to involve local Gram Panchayats (GP) and the community in the grassroots planning process.

A road map was developed to achieve the desired result in the allocated time frame; by each agency two separate teams were constituted, viz Operational Task Teamiii (OTT) comprising of senior development professional at district and block level for consultation, coordination, collection of information from all possible secondary sources, collating the dataset and information to derive certain definitive appraisals of the current situation and comprehending the proposals to be included in the final plan with active support from the functionaries of various departments involved in agriculture and natural resource development and management and Yojna Jankarsiv to work with GPv functionaries for developing primary dataset, appraisal and analysis of current situation on ground zero and capturing the aspirations and reflections of the target communities and or their constituent groups.

A Strategic Task Team (STT) comprising of senior development academics and professionals with sufficient experience in development, planning, monitoring, capacity building and execution from National Livelihood Resources Institutevi and field office of agencies, along with

the consultant of the department were given the responsibility of orientation training OTT members in the entire planning processes, provide intellectual support to OTT for conducting district and block consultation sessions with officials and functionaries of concern departments, Janpad Panchayats at block level and Gram Panchayats. The STT comprises of a multidisciplinary skill set and expertise and was involved in developing the final plans for discussion with district and state officials. STT members conducted a series of internal meetings to build the perspective plan for each allocated district, did data mining from a variety of sources both in physical and digital format as reference material.

According to the instructions issued by Government of India, The C-DAP and SAP developed for 11th five year plan period were revised for 12th five year plan period ,in terms of requirement and necessities felt during 11thg plan period to be addressed during 12th plan. As the revised guide line of RKVY issued by GoI in the year 2014, the SAIDP was also to be developed separately in the similar manner as SAP and C-DAP are prepared.

1.4 Steps Followed in Developing SAIDP.

As the SAIDP was to be prepared departmentally with the help of all stake holders ,

therefore steps followed for preparing the SAIDP are as follows :-

(a) Internal Consultations Meeting and Orientation Training: The internal consultation meeting – cum – orientation training of the all the stake holders involved in developing C –



DAP were given at the Directorate level.. The participants were given thorough understanding of SAIDP , the spirit enshrined in , the scope of planning exercise, the process to be followed along with the planning tools to be used. The orientation module included the principals of participatory planning process, mechanisms to collect most relevant and updated information both from secondary and primary sources, developing the vision of the State, collection of data from Gram Panchayat, block and district and finalizing the action plan for the State.

All the stake holders are advised to visualize the factual need of their future need with respect to nation's and state vision document.

(b) Collection of Data : Every stake holders have been advised to collect the relevant and desired data from SAP and their statistical wing. For ex. the number of Seed Go-down required will be with respect to the total seed to be produced in the farms and farmers fields through seed societies in a year. Like wise other sectoral requirement has also been calculated.

(c) Reconnaissance Survey: A multidisciplinary team of experts in agriculture, natural resources management, irrigation and watershed management, farming systems specialists, community development specialist and senior professionals having expertise in apprising the need of various infrastructures in various fields.

(d) District / Block Level Consultations: All the department have been advised to consult their field functionaries for the issues like availability of land for the construction of Labs, Training Centers, Veterinary Hospitals etc. the field functionaries have also been consulted for the available infrastructure and future requirement , so that gaps can be identified.

(e) Desk Research: A systematic and focused desk research and internet assisted search for relevant documents, reports reviews, appraisals, evaluations of the previous schemes, projects and research notes were carried out to review of national, regional and local experiences in preparing such plan. The desk review provided vital statistics and dataset from various sources to construct the development or backwardness indices for the blocks and understand the reasons impeding the development.

(f) Processing and Analysis: All the collected information from both primary and secondary sources, desk reviews and research notes was analyzed and calibrated. The analyzed data have been used develop vision document, strategy and action plan for the district.

(g) State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Plan: This document, named as State Agriculture Infrastructure Development Plan has already been a part of SAP but in brief. Therefore a separate document showing the present and future requirement of Infrastructure has been prepared .



CHAPTER – II

RESOURCE BASE AND CURRENT STATUS OF THE ECONOMY

Zonal Classifications Madhya Pradesh can be divided into three types of zonal classifications, namely Geomorphologic zones, Agro-climatic zones and Agro-ecological zones.

2.1. Geomorphologic Zones

Agro – Climatic Zones Based on the rainfall pattern, soils types and topography Madhya Pradesh State is divided into eleven agro-climatic zones and 5 crop zones. District-wise classification along with soil type and normal rainfall range is as given below in table 2.1.1 (a):

Table 2.1 Agro Climatic and Crop zones of Madhya Pradesh

S. No.

CROP/ZONES

AGRO-CLIMATIC REGIONS

SOIL TYPE

RAINFALL (Range in mm)

DISTRICTS COVERED DETAILS OF PARTLY COVERED DISTRICTS

1. Rice zone Chhattisgarh plains

Red and Yellow (Medium)

1200 to 1600

Balaghat.

2 -do- Northern Hill Region of Chhattisgarh

Red and Yellow Medium black & skeletal (Medium/light)

1200 to 1600

,Shahdol, Mandla, Dindori, Anuppur, Sidhi (Partly), Umaria

3 Wheat Rice Zone

Kymore Plateau and Satpura Hills

Mixed red and black soils (Medium)

1000 to 1400

Rewa, Satna, Panna, Jabalpur, Seoni, Katni, Sidhi

4 Wheat zone

Central Narmada Valley

Deep black (deep) 1200 to 1600

Narsinghpur, Hoshangabad Sehore (Partly), Raisen (Partly)

Sehore :-Budni Tehsil. Raisen :-Bareli Tehsil.

5 -do- Vindhya Plateau

Medium black and deep black (Medium/Heavy)

1200 to 1400

Bhopal, Sagar, Damoh, Vidisha, Raisen (except Bareli Teh.), Sehore (except Budni Teh.), Guna (Partly).

Guna, Chanchoda, Raghogarh & Aron Tehsils.

6 Wheat-Jowar

Gird Region Alluvial (Light) 800 to 1000

Gwalior, Bhind, Morena, Sheopur Kalan, Shivpuri (except Pichore, Karera, Narwar, Khania – dana Teh.), Guna (except Aron, Raghogarh, Chachoda Tehsil), Ashoknagar

7 Wheat-Jowar:

Bundelkhand Mixed red and black(Medium)

800 to 1400

Chhattarpur, Datia, Tikamgarh, and Shivpuri (Partly)

Shivpuri (Karera, Pichhore, Narwar & Khaniadhana Tehsils).

8 -do- Satpura Plateau

Shallow black (Medium)

1000 to 1200

Betul and Chhindwara

9 Cotton Jowar

Malwa Plateau Medium black (Medium)

800 to 1200

Mandsaur, Neemuch, Ratlam, Ujjain, Dewas, Indore, Shajapur,

Dhar :-Dhar,Badnawar and Sardarpur



Rajgarh and Dhar (Partly) Jhabua (Partly)

Tehsils. Jhabua :-Petlawad Tehsil.

10

-do- Nimar Plains Medium black (Medium)

800 to 1000

Khandwa, Burhanpur, Khargone, Barwani, Harda ,Dhar (Partly) District.

Dhar Manawar, Dharampuri and Gandhawani Tehsil.

11

-do- Jhabua Hills Medium black skeletal (Light/ Medium)

800 to1000

Jhabua District (except Petlawad Tehsil) and Dhar (Partly)

Dhar:- Only Kukshi Tehsil.

A map showing different agro climatic zones of Madhya Pradesh is depicted below:

Figure 2.1 The distribution of Agro climatic zones in Madhya Pradesh

CHATTISGARH PLAINS The Chhattisgarh plains zone comprising the revenue district of Balaghat. The region broadly spread by Red and Yellow Medium soil. The rainfall in this region is in the range of 1200 to 1600 mm yearly. Rice is main crop of this region; which is grown in most part of the region.

NORTHERN HILL REGION OF CHATTISGARH

The Northern hill region of Chattisgarh zone comprises of the revenue districts of Shahdol, Mandla, Dindori, Anooppur, Sidhi (Partly) and Umariya, Generally Skeletal medium / light, Red and Medium black soils are found in this region. The rain fall pattern of this region is almost same to Chhattisgarh plains; i.e. in the range of 1200 to 1600 mm yearly. Rice is the main crop of this region too.

KYMURE PLATEAU AND STAPURA HILLS

The Kymore plateau and Satpura hills comprises of Rewa, Satna, Panna, Jabalpur, Seoni, Katni, and Sidhi. Mixed red and medium black soil are mainly in the region. In this region rainfall is in the range of 1000 to 1400 mm yearly. In the region wheat and rice are mainly grown.



CENTRAL NARMADA VALLEY

District Narsinghpur, Hoshangabad, Sehore (Partly) and partly Raisen are part of the Central Narmada valley zone. This region is covered by Deep black high fertile soil. In this region the rainfall recorded is 1200 mm minimum and 1600 mm maximum. Wheat is the main crop of this region.

VINDHYA PLAREAU

The Vindhya plateau is situated in the central part of Madhya Pradesh and is comprising of districts of Bhopal, Sagar, Damoh, Vidish, Raisen (Excluding Bareli tehsil), Sehre (Exept Budni Tehsil) and Guna (partly), the area is covered by medium black and deep black soils. The rainfall ranges from 1200 mm to 1400 which is mostly contributed by South west monsoon. Wheat is the main crop of this region.

GIRD REGION

The Gird Region zone is situated in the northern part of Madhya Pradesh comprising of districts Gwalior, Bhind, Morena, Seopur-kala, Shivpuri (Excluding Pichore, Karera, Narwar and Khania-dana tehsil), Guna (Exept Aron, Radhogarh and Chachoda tehsil) and Ashoknagar district. The area is covered by light Alluvial soil. The area is having main crops of Wheat and Jowar. The rainfall ranges from 800 to 1000 mm yearly.

BUNDELKHAND

The districts of Chhattrpur, Datia, Tikamgarh and partly Shivpuri are part of the Bundelkhand zone. The area of this zone is divided in the two part one is western part connected with Gird region having one district and another is eastern part connected with Kymore plateau in the eastern side and Vindhya plateau in the southern part, this region is covered by Mixed Red and Medium black soils having wheat and Jowar as main crop, rainfall ranges from 800 to 1400 mm in this region.

SATPURA PLATEAU

Betul and Chhindwara districts comes under the Satpura zone. In this zone the soil is medium

shallow black, mainly wheat and jowar are grown in this region. Rainfall range of this region is

1000 to 1200 mm yearly.

MALWA PLATEAU

Mandsaur, Neemuch, Ratlam, Ujjain, Dewas, Indore, Shajapur, Rajgarh, Dhar (Partly) and Jhabua (Partly) districts are comes under the Malwa plateau Zone in this zone the soil is medium black, mainly Cotton and Jowar grow in this region, Rainfall ranges of this region is 800 to 1200 mm yearly.

NIMAR PLAINS Khandwa, Burhanpur, Khargone, Barwani Harda Dhar (partly) and Jhabua (partly) districts comes under the Satpura zone. The soil in this zone is medium shallow black, mainly wheat and Jowar are grown in this region. Rainfall ranges of this region are 1000 to 1200 mm yearly. JHABUA HILLS The Jhabua hills zone is situated in the south western part of Madhya Pradesh, comprising of Jhabua (excluding Petlawad Tehsil) and Dhar (partly) districts. The area is covered by Medium Black skeletal (Light / Medium) soil with main crops of Cotton, Maize and Jowar. The rainfall ranges from 800 to 1000 mm yearly.



2.2 Soils of Madhya Pradesh

Major portion in Madhya Pradesh is covered by deep medium black soil covering 16.21 m. ha area; i.e. having 36.53 % area. Districts covered includes; Narsinghpur, Hoshangabad, Harda, Shahdol, Umaria, Jabalpur, Katni Sagar, Damoh, Vidisha, Raisen, Bhopal, Sehore, Rajgarh, Ujjain, Dewas, Shajapur, Mandsaur, Neemuch, Ratlam, Jhabua, Dhar, Indore, Khargone Barwani, Khandwa, Guna (partly), Shivpuri (partly), Datia (partly), Sidhi (partly), Anuppur, Ashoknagar, Burhanpur, Alirajpur and Singroli.

Mixed Red and Black soil also covers 18.30 % of total area; i.e. 8.11 m ha. The districts covered under this category includes; Mandla, Dindori, Balaghat, Rewa, Satna, Panna, Chhattarpur and Tikamgarh. Four districts are partly covered under this soil type, that includes Shivpuri, Guna, Datia and Sidhi.

Alluvial soil is in 7.57 % area of Madhya Pradesh aving total area of 3.35 m ha.

Four districts are entirely covered with this type of soil namely; Gwalior, Morena, Sheopur kalan and Bhind, one district which is partly covered is Shivpuri.

Shallow and medium black soil covers 6.91 % area of state, having total area 3.06 m ha. Betul, Chhindwara and Seoni districts entirely are covered by this type of soil.

The types of soil and their availability in Madhya Pradesh are furnished in Table given below.

Table 2.2 Types of soil and area covered in Madhya Pradesh

S.No. Type of soils Area and (%) No. of Districts

Name of Districts

1 Shallow and medium Black soil Area 3.06 m. ha. (6.91%)

3 Betul, Chhindwara and Seoni

2 Deep medium Black soil Area 16.21 m. ha. (36.53%)

33 Narsinghpur, Hoshangabad, Harda, Shahdol, Umaria, Jabalpur, Katni Sagar, Damoh, Vidisha, Raisen, Bhopal, Sehore, Rajgarh, Ujjain, Dewas, Shajapur, Mandsaur, Neemuch, Ratlam, Jhabua, Dhar, Indore, Khargone Barwani, Khandwa, Guna (partly), Shivpuri (partly), Datia (partly) and Sidhi (partly), Anuppur, Ashoknagar, Burhanpur, Alirajpur, Singroli

3 Alluvial soil Area 3.35 m. ha. (7.57%)

4 Gwalior, Morena, Sheopurkala, Bhind & Shivpuri (partly)

4 Mixed Red and Black soil Area 8.11 m. ha. (18.30%)

8 Mandla, Dindori, Balaghat, Rewa, Satna, Panna, Chhatarpur, Tikamgarh, Shivpuri (partly), Guna (partly), Datia (partly) and Sidhi (partly)

Indicated in the below mentioned table is the status of soil nutrients i.e. Nitrogen,

Phosphorous and Potash as low, medium and high. As is evident from the table majority of the

districts of Madhya Pradesh (21 to number) are having Low – Nitrogen levels, Medium

Phosphorous levels and High Potash levels.



Table 2.3 District-Wise Soil Fertility Status

Source: Compendium of Agriculture statistics: Directorate of Farmer’s Welfare & Agriculture

Development, MP

S.No. NEUTRIENTS STATUS DISTRTS COVERED

NAME OF DISTRICTS

1

N- Low 21 Districts Mandsaur, Neemuch, Ujjain, Jhabua, Burhanpur

P- Medium Alirajpur, Dhar, Indore, Khandwa, Dewas, Shajapur,

K- High Raisen, Vidisha, Bhopal, Sehore, Betul,

Rajgarh, Shivpuri, Guna, Datia and Ashoknagar

2

N- Low 9 Districts. Gwalior, Bhind, Morena, Sheopurkala,

P- Medium Ratlam, Khargone, Hoshangabad,

K- High Harda and Badwani.

3

N- Low 7 Districts Narsinghpur, Jabalpur, Katni, Satna,

P- Low Rewa, Sidhi and Singroli.

K- High

4

N- Medium 3 Districts Mandla, Dindori and Sagar.

P- Low

K- Medium

5

N- Medium 7 Districts Tikamgarh, Panna, Shahdol, Umaria,

P- Low Balaghat, Seoni and Anuppur

K- High

6

N- Low 1 District Damoh

P- Low

K- Medium

7

N- Medium 2 Districts Chhindwara and Chhatarpur

P- Medium

K- Medium



2.3 District wise spread of Rainfall in Madhya Pradesh

It could be seen from the table below, that the total average rainfall received up to 22/9/2012in the state is 992.4 and against normal rainfall of state 911.2, normally month wise monsoon in the Madhya Pradesh is uncertain in June to September period. Mostly the rainfall received from South west monsoon in the rainy season. The Rainfall position 2012(22-09-2012) along with normal rainfall is furnished in table below.

Table 2.4 Rainfall Distribution in Madhya Pradesh Rainfall position 2012(22-09-2012)

Rainfall position 2012(22-09-2012)Particulars No. DISTRICTS

EXCESS RAINFALL

(+20% & Above)14 SINGROLI, BETUL, HARDA, SIDHI, JHABUA,

KHANDWA ,BURHANPUR, HOSHANGABAD,

DEWAS ,SEHORE , REWA,U JJAIN, SHIVPURI ,

INDORE.

NORMAL RAINFALL

(+19% to –19%)

34

RATLAM ,MORENA., MANDSAUR, BHOPAL, DATIA,

JABALPUR, GUNA, ALIRAJPUR, CHHINDWADA,

RAJGARH, KATNI, BHIND, SHAJAPUR, GWALIOR.

NEEMUCH. MANDLA SHEOPURKALA

,KHARGONE, DAMOH, PANNA. SATNA, VIDISHA,

NARSINGHPUR, ASHOKNAGAR, RAISEN, SEONI,

TIKAMGARH, DHAR, SHAHDOL, SAGAR, DINDORI,

CHHATARPR. BALAGHAT, ANUPPUR ,

DEFICIENT RAINFALL

(-20% to -59%)2 BARWANI, UMARIA

NORMAL RAINFALL

OF STATE (mm)911.9

ACTUAL RAINFALL

OF STATE (mm)992.4

% INCREASE +9%

Source Presentation; NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURE FOR RABI CAMPAIGN 2012-13 by

Go MP

From the table, it could be seen that comparatively Excess rainfall was received in 14 districts, normal rainfall was received in the 34 districts and deficient rainfall was received in two districts with actual rainfall of state 992.4mm against normal rainfall of state 911.9mm

2.4 LAND DEGRADATION

Land degradation, in general, implies temporary or permanent recession from a higher to a lower status of productivity through deterioration of physical, chemical and biological aspects. The physical processes, which contribute to land degradation, are mainly water and wind erosion, compaction, crusting and water logging. The chemical processes include salinization, alkalization, acidification, pollution and nutrient depletion. The biological processes, on the other hand are related to the reduction of organic matter content in the soil, degradation of vegetation and impairment of activities of micro-flora and fauna .

Water Erosion

Water erosion is the most widespread form of degradation and occurs widely in all agro-climatic zones. The displacement of soil material by water can result in either loss of top soil or terrain deformation or both. This category includes processes such as splash erosion, sheet erosion, rill and gully erosion. The soil erosion is initiated when raindrops fall onto the bare soil surface. The impact of raindrops breaks up the surface soil aggregates and splashes particles



into the air. On sloping land relatively more of the detached material will fall down slope resulting in runoff. This subsequently lead to different types of water erosion depending on the gravity of the problem, susceptibility of land and continuity of the process.

1. Sheet erosion

It is a common problem resulting from loss of top fertile soils. The loss of topsoil is often preceded by compaction and/or crusting, resulting in a decrease of infiltration capacity of the soil. The soil particles are removed from the whole soil surface on a fairly uniform basis in the form of thin layers. The severity of the problem is often difficult to visualize with naked eyes in the field.

2. Rills

When the surface runoff goes in the form a concentric flow, a tiny water channels are formed in the field. These are small rivulets of such a size that they can be worked over with farm machinery. Rills are generally associated with the cultivated lands and are visible in the ploughed soil after first heavy showers. One important feature of rills is that they do not occur at the same place repeatedly. This is a temporary concentric flow of runoff, which could vanish after ploughing the land.

3. Gullies

Gullies are formed as a result of localized surface run-off affecting the unconsolidated material resulting in the formation of perceptible channels causing undulating terrain. If rills are neglected and the erosion continues for a long time, it develops in to gullies. They are commonly found in sloping lands, developed as a result of concentrated run-off over fairly long time. They are mostly associated with stream courses, sloping grounds with good rainfall regions and foot hill regions. These are the first stage of excessive land dissection followed by their networking which leads to the development of ravenous land.

4. Ravines

The word ravine is usually associated not with an isolated gully but an intricate network of gullies formed generally in deep alluvium and entering a nearby river, flowing much lower than the surrounding tablelands. Ravines are basically extensive systems of gullies developed along river courses. Further classification of this category is possible based on the depth, width, bed slope, frequency and morphology of bed material of the ravines. Based on the depth of the ravines, which has a characteristic manifestation on the satellite image, two subcategories are possible for delineation viz., shallow ravenous and deep ravenous lands.

Wind Erosion

It implies uniform displacement of topsoil by wind action. It can result in loss of topsoil and the deposition of the eroded material from elsewhere . The risk of wind erosion is severe in the arid and semi-arid areas. It includes both the removal and deposition of soil particles by wind action and the abrasive effects of moving particles as they are transported. Not only can the wind remove topsoil from good farmland; it can result in additional damage by burying land, buildings, machinery, etc. with unwanted soil. It occurs when soil is left devoid of vegetation either because of poor rainfall to support any vegetal cover or loss of vegetation due to overgrazing. In the sand deposited areas with rainfall the sand gets stabilized partially of fully depending on vegetal cover it establishes.



During high winds the finer, and commonly more fertile, particles are swept high in the air and are sometimes carried for great distances as dust storms; while coarser particles are rolled or swept along on or very near the soil surface to be piled into depressions. The process is highly dynamic and requires careful evaluation of the site and process.

1. Sheet Erosion

It implies uniform displacement of topsoil by wind action as thin layers / sheets. During wind storms, the dry finer soil particles which could be suspended into air will be transported longer distances, while the heavier particles creeps on the surface and generally will be transported to a shorter distances. It may seriously influence the infrastructures (roads. railway lines. buildings. waterways, etc.). The uneven displacement of soil material by wind action leads to deflation hollows and dunes. The lifted medium to coarse soil particles may reduce the productivity of adjacent fertile land when they are deposited in the form of sand castings.

2.5 WASTELAND CLASSIFICATION

2.5.1 Culturable Wastelands

Land which is capable or has the potential for the development of vegetative cover and is not being used due to different constraints of varying degrees is termed as culturable wastelands. Culturable wastelands comprise the following categories.

i. Agricultural Land inside notified forest: Lands put under cultivation within the restricted forest areas.

ii. Degraded forest – Scrub domination: Lands as noticed under the Forest Act and those lands with various types of forest cover, in which vegetative cover is less than 20% are classified as degraded forest land. Among the vegetative types scrubs and thorny bushes are dominated species.

iii. Degraded land under plantation crops: This includes degraded lands containing plantations inside and outside of the notified forest area.

iv. Degraded pastures / grazing land: All those grazing land in non-forest areas, whether or not they are permanent pastures or meadows, which have become degraded due to lack of proper soil conservation and drainage measures fall under this category.

v. Gullied / ravenous land: The gullies are formed as a result of localised surface run off affecting the friable unconsolidated material resulting in the formation of perceptible channels resulting in undulating terrain. The gullies are the first stage of excessive land dissection followed by their networking which leads to the development of ravenous land. The world 'ravine' is usually associated not with an isolated gully but a network of gullies formed generally in deep alluvium and entering nearby river flowing much lower than the surrounding table lands. The ravines then are extensive systems of gullies developed along river courses.

vi. Land with or without scrub: This is the land which is generally prone to degradation and may or may not have scrub over. Such land occupies topographically high locations in the respective systems. This excludes hilly and mountainous terrain.

vii. Water-logged and marsh: Surface water-logged land is that land where the water is near the surface and water stands for most of the year. Marsh is a land which permanently or periodically inundated by water and is characterised by vegetation which includes grasses and reeds.



viii. Salt Affected Lands (Saline / Alkaline): The salt affected land is generally characterised as the land that has adverse effects on the growth of most of the plants due to the action or presence of excess soluble salts or excess exchangeable sodium. The saline soils have more of soluble salts with electrical conductivity of more than 4 dSm-1. Alkali land has an exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of above 15 which is generally considered as the limit between normal and alkali soils. The predominant salts are carbonates and bicarbonates of sodium.

ix. Sands: Sandy areas are those areas which have stabilized accumulation of sand, in situ or transported, in tank / river bed, coastal, river line or inland areas.

x. Mining / industrial waste lands: These are lands where large-scale mining operations bring about the degradation of land and resultant mine dumps.

2.5.2 Un cultivable Wastelands

Lands which cannot be developed for cultivation of crop are defined as un cultivable wastelands. Un cultivable wastelands are divided into:

i. Permanent pastures and other grazing lands

ii. Land under miscellaneous trees and grooves

2.5.3. Land Use Pattern in Madhya Pradesh State

Land use statistics in general indicate the way in which the land area is put under various uses. Land as a scarce resource, is to be managed effectively to benefit the human race that depends on land for its livelihood. Therefore, the details on the land use pattern in Madhya Pradesh State as a whole and for the individual district are furnished in table 2.8 and 2.9, respectively. Graphically the land use pattern in Madhya Pradesh is shown below:

Figure 2..2 Land use classification of Madhya Pradesh

LAND USE CLASSIFICATION OF MADHYA

PRADESH

28%

11%4%4%4%

49%

ForestsNot available for cultivationOther Uncultivated land excluding fallow landTotal Culturable waste landFallow landNet area sown



The land use pattern in the State is shown in Table below:

Table 2.5 Land Utilization Pattern in Madhya Pradesh state year 2011-12 (Area in Lakh hectare)

LAND USE CLASSIFICATION OF MADHYA PRADESH

Geographical area 307.959

Forests 85.865

Not available for cultivation:-

A. Land put to non-agricultural uses. 21.196

B. Barren and unculturable land 13.407

T O T A L 34.603

Other Uncultivated land excluding fallow land.:-

A. Permanent pastures & other grazing lands 13.212

B. Land under misc. tree crops & groves. 00.214

Total Culturable waste land. 10.556

T O T A L 23.986

Fallow Land :

A. Current fallows. 5.391

B. Old fallow. 5.103

T O T A L 10.495

Cropped Area.

A. Net area sown. 153.017

B. Area sown more than once. 75.452

C. Gross Cropped Area. 228.469

Cropping intensity in % 149.3

Source:-Agricultural statistics Directorate of FW&AD From 2005-06 to 2013-14

2.5.4 Geographical Area

It could be seen from table 2.8, that the total geographical area in the State is 30.7959 million hectares. Among the districts, Chhindwara has the maximum geographical area of 11.85 lakh hectares and Bhopal has the minimum geographical area of 2.78 lakh hectares,

2.5.5 Forest

Further indicates that the area under forest is around 85.87 lakh hectares accounting for 28 percent of the geographical area. The district of Mandla has the maximum area under reserve forest 5.93 lakh hectares and Ujjain has the minimum area under reserve forest with 3149 hectares only. Over years, the area under forest had increased very marginally by about 3000



hectares. However, it is pointed out that for a natural / environmental balance to receive good rains there must be 33 percent of the geographical area under forest cover. This indicates that aforestation must be taken up. Since, the scope for bringing more area under natural forest cover is almost an impossible proposition, the development efforts must be dovetailed for intensification of green cover in forest area as well as on hills and hillocks and planting tree crops in shrub-jungles, village wastelands and farms in almost all the districts in the State.

2.5.6 Land not available for cultivation

The barren and uncultivable land & land put to non-agricultural uses is around 34.60 lakh hectares in 2011 - 12 as compared to that of 32.00 lakh hectares in 1999 - 2000. It could be seen that the area under this criteria is being increase over the period of 12-years could be witnessed. This trend is not a good sign, even after having the several land development programme etc.

2.5.7 Cultivable Waste Land

Table 2.8 indicates that the area under cultivable wastelands was 10.55 lakhs hectares in 2011-12, while it was 10.24 lakh hectares in year of 1999-00. Thus, increase of about 0.42 lakh hectares could be observed during the period under question. Among the districts, the maximum area under culturable waste is found in Guna district, with 64879 hectares followed by Shivpuri (59360 ha), Panna (40884 ha) Sidhi (30113 ha) districts in that order.

2.5.8 Net Area Sown

Table2.8, further exhibits the net sown area was 153.017 lakh hectares in year 2011-12. This trend shows marginally increase in Net Area .This might be the cause that some increase in lands put to agricultural uses, due to little better infrastructure in agriculture.

2.5.9 Area Sown more than once

Area sown more than once had shown a little upward trend over the period considered (Table- 2.8). This is a good sign for the improvement in agriculture practices. Infrastructure i.e. irrigation systems and extension reform are contribute for this improvement, but the speed of improvement is little slow which required boosting by making realistic plan & policy as well as it’s strategically implementation in the state.

The cropping intensity for the State as a whole, as could be visualized from table 2.8, is showing little improvement of 149.3 % (2011-12) but it is not sufficient as the ratio increased in population of state.

The district of Khargone has the maximum cropping intensity of 225.3%, Harda (190.7 percent), Indore district 182.7 percent followed by Hoshangabad (177.0 percent) districts. and the district of Bhind has minimum cropping intensity as 111.4 percent with Rewa as(102.6%)



Table 2.6. District wise Land Use Classification in Madhya Pradesh

LAND USES CLASSICATION IN MADHYA PRADESH FOR THE YEAR 2011-2012

DISTRICT

Forest Nt Available for

Cultivation

Other

uncultivable land

excluding

fallow

Cultivable waste

land

Cultivable

waste land

Fallo

w land

Geographical Area

Total 4+6+8

%

land under

non

Agriculture Use

Barran and un cultivable

land

Permanent pasture and

other grazing

land

Land under Mis. trees

crops and

groves (not

included in

net area sown )

Immediately

availa

ble for cultiva

tion

Available for

cultiva

tion after

some

improvement

Un economic

al patches

/ land

Old Fallo

w

land up to

2 to 5

years

Current

fallow

land

JABALPUR 519.8 77.7 14.9 38.8 36.9 39.7 0.1 18.7 0.0 0.0 14.5 15.6

KATNI 493.1 97.1 19.7 38.0 36.9 40.0 0.0 36.8 0.0 0.0 22.1 25.5

BALAGHAT 924.5 505.0 54.6 48.3 9.5 30.9 0.7 29.4 0.0 0.0 14.6 10.6

CHHINDWA

RA

1184.9 476.3 40.2 50.3 20.0 53.6 0.0 39.0 0.0 0.0 27.5 18.6

SEONI 875.4 328.5 37.5 49.3 12.0 20.3 0.0 31.3 0.0 0.0 19.8 16.3

MANDLA 965.6 593.2 61.4 45.6 10.8 17.3 0.1 20.9 0.0 0.0 24.9 24.2

DINDORI 358.9 25.4 7.1 28.1 11.1 13.0 0.0 15.4 0.0 0.0 28.4 33.0

NARSINGH

PUR

513.7 136.5 26.6 25.6 1.0 23.7 0.2 10.8 0.0 0.0 4.2 2.9

DIVISON

TOTAL

3821.3 2239.

7

38.4 323.9 138.2 238.5 1.2 202.3 0.0 0.0 156.

1

146.

8

SAGAR 1022.8 296.9 29.0 57.6 12.1 78.7 0.7 11.1 0.0 0.0 10.6 7.5

DAMOH 728.5 267.5 36.7 31.7 57.2 36.3 8.3 11.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 3.7

PANNA 702.9 299.6 42.6 41.4 22.8 11.1 0.0 40.9 0.0 0.0 7.0 1.0

TIKAMGAR

H

504.0 69.1 13.7 38.0 54.2 22.8 0.2 21.9 0.0 0.0 17.0 11.1

CHHATARP

UR

863.0 213.9 24.8 45.0 1.7 64.5 0.5 56.5 0.0 0.0 30.1 22.3

DIVISION

TOTAL

3821.3 1147.

0

30.0 213.7 148.0 213.4 1.6 141.4 0.0 0.0 70.0 45.5

REWA 628.7 85.4 13.6 62.0 32.6 26.9 0.2 7.3 0.0 0.0 1.6 1.2

SIDHI 471.9 195.1 41.3 37.7 3.8 5.3 0.0 30.1 0.0 0.0 12.7 17.9

SINGROLI 567.5 240.0 42.3 50.6 13.3 12.4 0.0 39.8 0.0 0.0 16.9 24.7

SATNA 742.4 203.7 27.4 70.6 14.7 22.3 3.2 44.8 0.0 0.0 17.2 17.1

DIVISION

TOTAL

2410.6 724.3 30.0 220.8 64.4 66.9 3.4 122.0 0.0 0.0 48.4 60.9

SHAHDOL 561.0 227.9 40.6 48.2 9.2 7.1 0.7 32.1 0.0 39.9 29.2 28.0

ANUPPUR 374.0 76.4 20.4 33.6 21.6 4.3 0.2 27.9 0.0 0.0 25.3 25.9

UMARIA 490.3 236.7 48.3 34.9 8.6 14.5 0.2 17.5 0.0 0.0 17.0 156.

8

DIVISION

TOTAL

1425.9 541.0 37.9 116.7 39.5 26.0 1.0 77.5 0.0 0.0 71.6 210.

7

BHOPAL 277.9 44.1 15.6 32.7 3.9 31.4 0.0 5.2 0.0 0.0 4.2 1.4

SEHORE 656.4 172.4 26.3 41.5 9.4 27.7 0.0 7.6 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.2



RAISEN 848.7 323.0 39.1 41.6 3.6 25.7 0.1 7.8 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.6

VIDISHA 730.2 109.6 15.0 39.1 11.8 23.0 2.6 9.8 0.0 0.0 2.9 1.4

RAJGARH 616.3 17.6 2.9 44.2 29.0 58.9 0.3 27.1 0.0 0.0 3.3 0.9

DIVISION

TOTAL

3129.5 675.7 21.6 199.1 57.7 166.7 3.0 57.4 0.0 0.0 14.1 4.6

INDORE 383.1 52.2 13.6 41.8 10.7 18.8 0.5 2.0 0.0 0.0 5.2 2.6

DHAR 819.5 119.7 14.6 56.7 75.8 47.3 0.0 14.6 0.0 0.0 2.8 1.9

JHABUA 293.1 11.0 3.8 32.1 35.0 4.9 0.0 18.4 0.0 0.0 8.0 1.7

ALIRAJPUR 382.7 121.1 31.7 26.2 47.7 3.3 0.0 7.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 2.3

KHARGONE 818.7 247.0 30.2 45.7 29.9 64.6 0.8 16.0 0.0 0.0 6.6 2.2

BARWANI 529.0 183.0 34.5 30.8 72.0 4.2 0.0 6.3 0.0 0.0 4.3 2.4

KHANDWA 775.6 305.3 39.4 90.5 8.2 4.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 4.3 2.4

BURHANPU

R

342.7 201.9 58.9 15.4 6.3 10.8 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.8

DIVISION

TOTAL

4345.2 1241.

3

28.6 339.2 285.6 205.3 1.4 65.9 0.0 0.0 37.9 17.3

UJJAIN 609.9 3.1 0.5 58.5 6.0 205.3 0.1 8.1 0.0 0.0 2.1 1.2

MANDSAUR 551.8 40.6 7.4 74.8 44.0 13.8 0.1 16.2 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.9

NEEMUCH 393.6 94.4 24.0 45.9 39.9 9.6 0.0 17.2 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.7

RATLAM 486.0 34.3 7.1 31.0 41.1 26.3 0.1 16.4 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.6

DEWAS 701.3 206.6 29.5 36.3 10.8 49.4 0.0 2.8 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.3

SHAJAPUR 616.6 6.2 1.0 54.8 39.7 47.3 0.1 12.6 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.4

AAGAR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

DN. TOTAL 3361.2 385.3 11.5 301.3 181.4 179.9 0.4 73.3 0.0 0.0 7.7 4.2

MORENA 501.7 51.4 10.3 40.7 88.9 18.9 0.0 21.8 0.0 0.0 5.5 3.5

SHEOPURK

ALA

666.7 292.9 43.9 39.0 85.1 37.1 0.0 38.9 0.0 0.0 4.3 3.6

BHIND 445.2 8.8 2.0 37.4 21.5 16.8 0.6 12.2 0.0 0.0 7.0 6.0

DN. TOTAL 1613.5 353.1 21.9 117.1 195.5 72.7 0.6 72.8 0.0 0.0 16.8 13.1

GWALIOR 456.4 111.0 24.3 33.8 48.8 13.9 0.1 23.9 0.0 0.0 12.3 5.3

SHIVPURI 995.4 330.1 33.2 60.9 38.1 26.1 3.9 59.4 0.0 0.0 18.5 12.9

GUNA 630.8 101.4 16.1 34.9 62.5 30.1 0.0 64.9 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.8

ASHOKNAG

AR

467.4 52.9 11.3 30.2 37.9 12.2 0.0 20.9 0.0 0.0 2.5 1.5

DATIA 295.9 29.3 9.9 16.7 11.3 7.5 4.7 6.8 0.0 0.0 5.5 4.6

DN. TOTAL 2845.9 624.8 22.0 176.4 198.6 90.0 8.7 175.8 0.0 0.0 41.0 25.1

BETUL 1007.8 397.4 39.4 40.0 25.9 27.7 0.0 38.8 0.0 0.0 38.5 6.7

HOSHANGA

BAD

668.7 255.0 38.1 43.9 2.4 25.3 0.0 23.1 0.0 0.0 7.3 4.1

HARDA 330.6 104.9 31.7 20.7 3.5 8.9 0.1 5.3 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.1

DN. TOTAL 2007.1 757.3 37.7 111.4 31.8 61.8 0.1 67.1 0.0 0.0 46.8 10.9

NON-

REPORTED

0.0 103.1 #DI

VI/0

1

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

TOTAL M.P. 30795.

9

8586.

5

27.9 2119.

6

1340.7 1321.2 21.4 1055.

6

0.0 0.0 510.

3

539.

1



Source :-Agricultural statistics Directorate of FW&AD From 2005-06 to 2013-14

Table 2.6 ( Continued). District wise Land Use Classification in Madhya Pradesh

LAND USES CLASSICATION IN MADHYA PRADESH FOR THE YEAR 2011-2012

Districts Net area sown Area sown more

than once

Grossed cropped

area

Cropping intensity

in%

JABALPUR 277.7 123.2 400.9 144.4

KATNI 196.7 71.8 268.5 136.5

BALAGHAT 275.2 68.5 343.8 124.9

CHHINDWARA 499.6 176.3 675.9 135.3

SEONI 397.8 140.6 638.4 135.3

MANDLA 228.6 98.0 326.6 142.9

DINDORI 204.6 83.7 288.3 140.9

NARSINGHPUR 308.8 115.7 424.5 137.5

DIVISON TOTAL 2389.1 877.8 3266.9 136.7

SAGAR 547.5 329.5 877.0 160.2

DAMOH 316.1 134.1 450.1 142.4

PANNA 278.7 120.2 398.9 143.1

TIKAMGARH 269.8 164.8 434.6 131.1

CHHATARPUR 428.6 160.8 589.4 137.5

DIVISION TOTAL 1840.7 909.3 2750.0 149.4

REWA 411.7 10.6 422.3 102.6

SIDHI 169.2 63.6 232.7 137.5

SINGROLI 169.8 58.7 228.5 134.6

SATNA 348.8 143.5 492.3 141.1

DIVISION TOTAL 1099.5 276.3 1375.8 125.1

SHAHDOL 178.5 33.8 212.3 118.9

ANUPPUR 159.3 41.6 200.9 118.9

UMARIA 4.2 34.1 38.3 921.9

DIVISION TOTAL 342.0 109.5 451.5 132.0

BHOPAL 155.0 86.8 241.7 156.0

SEHORE 395.8 298.9 694.6 175.5

RAISEN 435.4 198.6 634.0 145.6

VIDISHA 530.1 258.3 788.4 148.7

RAJGARH 434.9 310.8 745.6 171.5

DIVISION TOTAL 1951.1 1153.3 3104.4 159.1

INDORE 249.3 206.1 455.4 182.7

DHAR 500.6 268.1 769.7 153.7

JHABUA 188.1 49.1 237.3 126.1

ALIRAJPUR 172.4 30.4 202.8 117.7

KHARGONE 403.6 5.5.7 909.2 225.3

BARWANI 263.8 48.5 275.4 121.4

KHANDWA 306.3 117.9 424.2 138.5

BURHANPUR 104.0 17.1 121.2 116.5

DIVISION TOTAL 2151.2 1244.0 3395.2 157.8

UJJAIN 497.1 398.4 886.6 178.3

MANDSAUR 360.3 230.5 590.8 164.0

NEEMUCH 185.1 116.1 301.2 162.8

RATLAM 335.0 204.3 539.3 161.0

DEWAS 393.9 296.3 690.5 175.3

SHAJAPUR 456.3 319.2 775.4 170.0

AAGAR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

DN. TOTAL 2227.7 1556.1 3783.8 169.8

MORENA 271.0 104.4 375.4 138.5

SHEOPURKALA 165.8 74.8 240.6 145.1

BHIND 335.1 38.2 373.3 111.4

DN. TOTAL 771.9 217.4 989.3 128.2



GWALIOR 207.3 58.0 265.3 128.0

SHIVPURI 445.4 233.6 679.1 152.5

GUNA 334.1 149.0 483.1 144.6

ASHOKNAGAR 309.3 160.3 469.6 151.8

DATIA 209.4 52.9 252.3 125.3

DN. TOTAL 13.5.5 653.9 2159.4 143.4

BETUL 426.0 141.8 567.8 133.3

HOSHANGABAD 307.6 236.9 544.5 177.0

HARDA 186.2 168.9 355.2 190.7

DN. TOTAL 919.9 547.6 1467.5 159.5

NON-REPORTED .-103.1 -103.1 100

Total MP 18301.7 7545.2 22846.8 149.3

Source :-Agricultural statistics Directorate of FW&AD From 2005-06 to 2013-14

2.6 Operational Holdings

Operational holding often determines agricultural production and productivity. The operational holdings as per Agricultural census are furnished in table 2.10. The results of successive agricultural census confirm the growing imbalance and asymmetry in the distribution of size of holdings. The number of marginal farmers in the State is 43.86 % of total farmers having proportion 8.54 % of total land, small farmers in the state is 27.00 % of total farmers having proportion 17.28% of total land, and semi medium farmers in the state is 18.65% of total farmers having proportion 25.18% of total land. First two category of farmers is 71.46% having only 25.84% area of total land where as the farmers of last two category namely Medium and Large is only 9.89% of total farmers having proportion 49.10 area of total land.

Table 2.7. Operational Holdings as per Agricultural Census (2010-11)

(Number in '000) (Area in '000 ha.)

Operational Holdings as per Agricultural Census-2010-11 (Number in '000) Large Size Group (Area in '000 ha.)

Operational holding SC / ST and others caste wise are listed below:

Sl. No Category No Area Proportion Number wise

1. Marginal (below 1.0 Ha) 3891 1915 44

2. Small (1.0-2.0 Ha) 2449 3466 28

3. Semi-Medium (2.0 to 4.0 Ha) 1655 4510 19

4. Medium (4.0 to 10.0 Ha) 789 4545 8

5. Large (10.0 Ha and above) 89 140 1

Total 8873 15896 100 %



Table 2..8 (a) Operational Holdings in M.P. (Number & Area)

Category S.C. S.T. Institutional Others Total %

Marginal

Area 2.19 2.70 Neg. 9.08 13.97 8.53

No. 4.42 5.43 0.01 18.52 28.38 38.56

Small

Area 3.66 5.99 0.01 18.63 28.29 17.28

No. 2.59 4.13 Neg. 12.79 19.51 26.51

Others

Area 7.69 23.74 0.31 89.72 121.46 74.20

No. 2.08 5.48 0.02 18.13 25.71 34.91

TOTAL

No. 9.09 15.04 0.03 49.44 73.60

(%) 12.35 20.44 0.04 67.17 100.00

Area 13.54 32.43 0.32 117.43 163.72

(%) 8.27 19.80 0.20 71.73 100.00

Source: Agriculture census 2000-01. No. in lakh. Area in lakh hectares

Size of Holdings

The distribution of size of holdings in Madhya Pradesh is furnished in Table 2.11. It could be

seen that the average size of marginal holdings had declined from 0.41 hectare in 1976-77 to

0.37 hectare in 2000-01. However, there had been no marked differences in the size of small,

semi-medium and medium holdings over years. The size of large holdings had increased from

17.28 hectares in 1976-77 to 19.48 hectares in 2000-01. In sum, the average size of holdings in

Madhya Pradesh State had decreased from 1.25 hectares in 1976-77 to 0.89 hectare in

2000-01.



District Marginal Small Semi medium Medium Large Total

(Below 1 hect.) (1 to 2 hects) (2 to 4 hects) (4 to 10 hects) (10 hects. & above Holdings

Number Area Number Area Number Area Number Area Number Area Number Area

Jabalpur 88600 44238 48666 70139 28948 79056 14306 82860 1867 28725 182387 305018

Katni 105160 47223 39671 55510 23156 64394 10050 57852 989 14406 179026 239385

Balaghat 158046 67906 53892 74744 29565 79393 11538 65776 1293 18548 254334 306367

Chhindwara 84178 40744 73640 106588 57054 157115 33394 195092 4605 64887 252871 564426

Seoni 72089 31404 50025 73158 38821 109411 26548 157617 4472 66092 191955 437682

Mandla 78460 35038 37853 54983 28105 78602 16380 95651 1794 24364 162592 288638

Dindori 44166 21342 24526 36877 22846 64731 18118 110414 2915 41109 112571 274473

Narsinghpur 43425 23991 42543 62447 28516 80339 17231 102016 2647 38707 134362 307500

Jabalpur div. 674124 311886 370816 534446 257011 713041 147565 867278 20582 296838 1470098 2723489

Sagar 99647 51373 72808 107249 48154 134822 28522 170119 5967 98333 255098 561896

Damoh 74574 36282 38212 54393 27302 76029 16069 96587 2861 47152 159018 310443

Panna 65602 32038 44841 62833 29733 81056 15238 88011 1631 22309 157045 286247

Tikamgarh 77594 39203 48782 68782 33503 90396 12380 68607 900 12776 173159 279764

Chhatarpur 83603 45578 75067 109488 48438 130863 24264 142064 3665 55937 235237 483930

Sagar divi. 401020 204474 279710 402745 187130 513166 96673 565388 15024 236507 979557 1922280

Rewa 136911 58901 48143 69192 35349 97950 20559 119244 5236 92141 246198 437428

Sidi 112058 52393 53528 87045 40719 111216 20207 118737 4482 73487 230994 442878

Satna 124621 53736 56227 80286 37391 103420 19250 111948 2673 40718 240162 390108

Shahdol 110293 46280 46972 66928 41753 115319 25007 147821 4371 63594 228396 439942

Annupur 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Umaria 37346 16418 18635 25315 15221 40978 7779 44393 1046 14989 80027 142093

Rewa divi. 521229 227728 223505 328766 170433 468883 92802 542143 17808 284929 1025777 1852449

Indore 36865 18127 30202 44119 22565 63292 15296 91760 2789 42419 107717 259717

Dhar 52914 28991 51245 74965 45165 126989 31305 189663 6545 103091 187174 523699

Jhabua 63011 36049 57369 84983 44667 124175 19541 111149 1497 19534 186085 375890

Khargon 34464 19755 53955 79926 41431 114086 26632 160965 4788 68769 161270 443501

Badwani 21087 12517 26261 38278 26894 72326 14097 84804 2122 28853 90461 236778

Khandwa 33478 19554 55767 82621 44280 122514 29590 176805 5360 79432 168475 480926

Buranpur 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Indore divi. 241819 134993 274799 404892 225002 623382 136461 815146 23101 342098 901182 2320511

Ujjain 44920 25202 38183 54970 35926 102227 32626 202858 8720 138631 160375 523888

Mandsaur 60738 32023 42650 62397 33564 93875 21743 131663 2819 37910 161514 357868

Neemach 39120 20568 26571 37914 18582 52743 9394 57433 1052 15899 94719 184557

Ratlam 54967 29233 42335 60716 32805 91629 19716 117883 3236 47440 153059 346901

Dewas 37379 19122 41927 59653 33338 90913 26542 155203 6433 93124 145619 418015

Shajapur 64608 34822 48362 70346 37865 107980 30751 187814 6009 91400 187595 492362

Ujjain divi. 301732 160970 240028 345996 192080 539367 140772 852854 28269 424404 902881 2323591

Morena 92126 47653 42938 61644 28664 79107 11964 66740 1021 15685 176713 270829

Sheopur 27006 15384 28503 39666 18815 51266 7546 42843 613 8755 82483 157914

Bhind 79131 40183 41766 61387 34486 97388 20591 120486 2065 28490 178039 347934

Morena divi. 198263 103220 113207 162697 81965 227761 40101 230069 3699 52930 437235 776677

Gwalior 47831 23843 28434 40948 20335 56597 11363 66740 1867 30957 109830 219085

Shivpuri 61942 34336 53324 76158 41463 115190 22733 132723 3482 54796 182944 413203

Guna 73769 39993 68501 100131 58222 160759 34385 204467 7195 117083 242072 622433



Ashoknagar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Datia 41309 20749 25804 37522 21361 58273 12478 72269 1662 23940 102614 212753

Gwalior divi. 224851 118921 176063 254759 141381 390819 80959 476199 14206 226776 637460 1467474

Bhopal 15285 7718 18760 27146 14122 38081 9479 56642 1765 26104 59411 155691

Sehore 31989 17238 37805 56663 32404 88504 25727 157188 5451 89566 133376 409159

Raisen 32460 17796 47512 69669 35635 98207 27625 166169 5417 88145 148649 439986

Vidisha 32026 16089 34692 49011 32374 92284 30226 188401 11033 194271 140351 540056

Betul 58193 21643 41488 60384 42049 114831 29795 180058 6502 93121 178027 470037

Ragarged 70437 35718 52964 73863 40510 113887 29243 174692 4809 71325 197963 469485

Bhopal divi. 240390 116202 233221 336736 197094 545794 152095 923150 34977 562532 857777 2484414

Hoshangabad 30649 17161 32922 47157 26510 73480 18704 110764 3639 61120 112424 309682

Harda 3722 2185 6778 10202 9430 26010 10570 64797 4865 87547 35365 190741

Hoshangabad

divi.

34371 19346 39700 57359 35940 99490 29274 175561 8504 148667 147789 500423

State total :- 2,837,799 1,397,740 1,951,049 2,828,396 1,488,036 4,121,70

3

916,702 5,447,78

8

166,170 2,575,681 7,359,756 16,371,308

2.7. Irrigation Two main rivers namely Narmada and Tapti in the Madhya Pradesh State flows westward from

the Eastern Ghats and are perennial. Narmada is main river of state and called lifeline of the

state.

Sources of Irrigation The major irrigation sources of the State are canals, tanks, wells and tube wells. The per capita

availability of water in the State is less than all – India level as 2200 cubic meters.

Table 2.10 Irrigation Potential crated and potential utilised by Large Medium &small Projects; year wise indicated below

Year Large Medium Small Total %of potential

utilizes against

potential created

Potential

created

Potential

utilizes

Potential

created

Potential

utilizes

Potential

created

Potential

utilizes

Potential

created

Potential

utilizes

2007-08 1554 578 401 179 844 192 2799 949 35.9

2008-09 1647 631 401 178 893 168 2949 977 36.4

2009-10 1681 572 408 147 922 168 3011 887 32.4

2010-11 1747 620 410 173 982 183 3039 976 35.0

2011-12 1846 1052 416 167 1016 416 3278 1635 55.7

Source: Department of Water Resources, GoMP

Canal Irrigation in the state has increased about three folds in last seven years. In the year

2003 the area under canal irrigation was 7.5 lakh ha which today stands at 25 lakh ha. Lining of

canal has been undertaken extensively for optimum use of water. In the last three years

additional 11 lakh ha area has been covered under canal irrigation which is one of the record

achievement for the State Government.



Table 2.11. Source-wise Net Area Irrigated and Percentage to Total Irrigated Area. Unit-000’

hect. Year Canals Tanks Wells &

tube- wells.

Other sources

Net irrigated area

Gross irrigated area.

% of net irrigated area to net area sown

% of gross irrigated area to gross area sown

1999-2000

1002 132 3712 815 5661 5828 37.6 28.5

2000-01 808 85 2651 591 4135 4285 28.0 23.8

2001-02 881 93 3039 722 4735 4899 31.6 25.6

2002-03 748 94 2988 664 4494 4631 30.7 25.5

2003-04 949 127 3735 820 5631 5776 37.4 30.1

2004-05 1006 125 3993 918 6042 6193 40.1 30.5

2005-06 1030 134 3696 822 5682 5878 37.7 29.8

2006-07 1091 149 4196 929 6365 6543 42.9 32.4

2007-08 1051 138 4256 973 6418 6567 43.4 32.0

2011-12 1366 227 5485 1148 5640 8421 36.9 36.9

Source :- Commissioner, Land Records, M.P

Similarly District wise net area irrigated and gross area irrigated using different sources of irrigation are indicated in the table below: Table 2.12 District wise details of Net Area Irrigated by different sources in Madhya Pradesh

NET IRRIGATED AREA BY DIFFERENT SOURCEWISE1- Madhya Pradesh 2011-12

MADHAYA

PRADESH

UNIT 'HECT.

DISTRICT CANALS TANKS TUBE WELLS WELLS OTHER SOURCES TOTAL IRRIGATED

AREA

JABALPUR 14424 140 87090 25605 21628 148887

KATNI 6193 1335 13510 32843 34065 87946

BALAGHAT 74904 29017 1067 23118 7793 185899

CHHINDWARA 14210 4593 40398 109750 19305 188201

SEONI 62789 9578 6230 44887 17927 141391

MANDLA 21862 292 0 4679 2569 29422

NARSINGHPUR 940 6 148032 43455 5914 195347

JABALPUR DN. 195322 44955 296327 284337 109201 930153

Sagar 5999 5308 49224 140841 77647 279210

Damoh 12127 1254 26211 26107 38694 104903

Panna 9696 2063 8526 23020 87122 130427



Tikamgarh 20572 19308 20817 133812 48455 101064

Chhatarpur 13520 4231 13512 178472 27998 237733

Sagar divi. 61914 31164 118290 502252 240116 953736

Rewa 18814 611 47649 18412 17567 103053

Sidhi 9362 404 16648 10000 3960 40434

Singaroli 4868 570 993 14793 6913 28137

Satna 4665 902 94467 33052 15007 151093

Division Total 40709 2487 159757 76317 43447 322717

Shahdol 5068 2858 5285 5242 8650 27123

Annupur 639 199 1158 1794 983 4773

Umaria 2339 720 7921 5127 9713 25820

Dindori 974 22 0 205 738 1939

Division Total 9040 3799 14364 12368 20084 59655

Indore 3472 2229 156406 20469 3086 185662

Dhar 20163 16221 142840 84319 47898 311441

Jhabua 8834 10376 2576 15216 16200 53202

Alirajpur 1902 2895 413 12410 8761 26381

Khargone 22140 160 22838 67588 43869 156595

Badwani 6129 0 26355 41597 24619 98700

Khandwa 22741 3083 30117 97518 18940 172399

Burhanpur 565 0 15133 24734 2515 42947

Indore divi. 85946 34964 396678 363851 165888 1047327

Ujjain 8290 6083 187490 67977 31214 301054

Mandsaur 1827 1413 15995 173322 17279 209836

Neemach 10461 1334 22542 66507 6515 107359

Ratlam 4950 3000 81940 68025 21140 179145

Dewas 8260 7030 126583 99803 17220 258896

Shajapur 11431 6744 100487 122333 22296 263291

Ujjain divi. 45219 25694 535037 597967 115664 1319581

Morena 56512 0 47062 90356 909 194839

Sheopur 55564 1750 42666 6053 17070 123103

Bhind 29355 1274 44709 74253 753 150344

Morena divi. 141431 3024 134437 170662 18732 468286

Gwalior 64666 432 55275 7007 4619 131999

Shivpuri 46469 11373 66066 112837 19305 256050



Guna 32393 1470 72532 46399 24949 177743

Ashoknagar 13282 8761 71971 25398 35871 155283

Datia 110747 0 11280 60814 1285 184126

Gwalior divi. 267557 22036 277124 252455 86029 905201

Bhopal 4637 1993 34361 31650 24395 97036

Sehore 59903 24608 71469 98185 49308 303473

Raisen 76387 7653 112243 47678 40393 284354

Vidisha 34674 7052 77137 61996 126691 307550

Rajgarh 4594 9222 56070 201514 20150 291550

Bhopal divi. 180195 50528 351280 441023 260937 1283963

Betul 10520 124 31635 74223 10546 127048

Hoshangabad 142566 920 73043 57249 24273 298051

Harda 95252 206 19781 32070 23846 171155

Hoshangabad divi. 248338 1250 124459 163542 58665 596254

MP State total 1275671 219912 2407753 2864774 1118763 7886873

Source; Agriculture Statistics of Madhya Pradesh 2011-12 Commissioner Land Records & Settlements

2.8.Agriculture

Major Crops &Cropping Pattern

The diverse agro climatic conditions and different soil types make it possible to cultivate a range of crops indifferent crop group in the state like, cereals, pulses, oilseed and cash crops Major crops cultivated in Madhya Pradesh are wheat ,rice, maize, and Jowar under cereals; gram and lentil under pulses and Soybean and mustard under oilseed Introduction of Soybean in the state in the decade of 1970s and its cultivation in the State has made a mark as the leading soybean producer in the country

The area, production and productivity of principal crops are furnished in Table 2.17. The upward trend in area under paddy; 2010-11 it was 15.84 lacks hectare in 2011-12 17.03 Lacks ha. ,the area under total food grains increased by 2.28 lack hectares in 2011-12 in comparison to 2010-11, Crop wise declining trend observed in area of Jower & Bajara( marginal) Area under pulses crop have seen an downward trends as 4.51 lacks hectare in year of 2011-12, we could see in the table that area under oilseed is increasing in the year of 2011-12 by 1.55 lacks hectare area in the state.



Table 2.13 Area, Production, Productivity of Principal Crops Madhya Pradesh Area in 000Ha, Production in 000 metric tonne, yield in kg /ha

CROPS 2010-11 2011-12

AREA PROD. YIELD AREA PROD. YIELD

PADDY(RICE) 1584 1774 1182 1703 2280 1413

JOWAR 429 599 1416 361 547 1541

MAIZE 849 1340 1590 860 1325 1551

BAJRA 202. 387 1916 201 391 1941

KODOKUTKI 248 82 329 247 82 331

OTHER CEREALS 23 9 403 34 12 364

Fv KHARIF CEREALS 3334 4191 1257 3396 4633 1364

WHEAT 4645 8227 2073 5261 14544 2770

BARLEY 77 99 1289 77 129 1672

OTHER CEREALS 5 6 1146 5 6 1261

RABI CEREALS 4727 9331 1975 5342 14679 2748

Summer Maize 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL CEREALS 8060 13522 1678 8738 19312 2210

Coarse cereal( K) 1750 2417 1381 1693 2363 1390

Coarse cereal( R) 82 104 1279 82 134 1647

Total Coarse cereal 1831 2522 1377 1774 2488 1402

TUR 642 206 318 536 338 628

URAD 447 215 385 601 163 271

MOONG 85 31 351 81 20 227

KULTHI 20 7 328 19 5 238

OTHER PULSES 4 1 326 4 1 326

KHARIF PULSES 1309 459 351 1241 527 425

GRAM 2888 2266 785 2630 2846 1083

PEAS 248 67 269 232 82 354

LENTIL 699 202 289 587 216 367

TEORA 53 30 569 53 41 759

OTHER PULSES 0 0 250 0 0 246

RABI PULSES 4 2 449 8 2 345

TOTAL PULSE(R ) 3893 2567 659 3509 3185 908

Urid ( Summer ) 6 2 388 7 2 294

Moong (Summer) 4 1 225 4 1 249

Summer pulses total 9 3 309 11 3 276

Total Pulses 5211 3029 581 4760 3715 780

KHARIF. FOODGRAINS 4642 4650 1002 4637 5160 1113

RABI FOODGRAINS 8620 11898 1380 8851 17864 2018

Summer foodgrains 9 3 309 11 3 276

TOTAL FOODGRAINS 13271 16551 1247 13499 23027 1706

GROUNDNUT 204 305 1494 226 374 1659

SOYBEAN 5552 6777 1222 5786 6497 1124

SESAMUM 361 178 493 329 172 524



NIGER 93 20 218 90 17 181

CASTOR 1 0 395 2 1 287

SUNFLOWER 0 0 438 0 0 509

KH. OILSEEDS 6210 7281 1172 6432 7060 1098

RAPE/MUSTARD 727 819 1128 664 790 1192

LINSEED 95 33 553 91 47 516

SUNFLOWER Rabi 0 0 483 0 0 450

Safflower 0 0 223 0 0 210

RABI OILSEEDS 822 853 1037 755 837 1108

Summer G.nut 0 0 0 01 0

TOTAL OILSEEDS 7032 8134 1157 7187 7897 1099

COTTON (BALES) 593 1018 926 624 1029 976

IN TONNES 599 605

SUGAR CANE (G) 48 197 4069 50 197 3971

TOTAL KHARIF 11446 12530 1095 11693 12826 1097

TOTAL RABI 9490 12947 1364 9656 18898 1957

Summer crops 9 3 309 11 3 276

Grand TOTAL 20945 25480 1216 21359 31727 1485

FFC :- FINAL FORECAST

Source;-Agricultural Statistics Kharif & Rabi crops FW&AG GoMP

District wise area (in thousand hectares), production (in thousand tonnes) and yield (in

kilograms per hectare) for cereals for the year 2011 - 12, 2012 – 13, & 2013 – 14are shown in

the table below:

Table 2.14 District wise, Year wise Area, Prod. And yield under the Cereals (Total) in Madhya Pradesh

Area in 000Ha, Production in 000 metric tonne, yield in kg /ha

District 2011 – 12,

Area Prod Yield

Jabalpur 191.40 349.40 1825

Katni 184.30 324.20 1759

Balaghat 287.60 377.80 1314

Chhindwara 322.80 894.00 2770

Seoni 273.30 442.20 1618

Mandla 214.00 217.60 1017

Dindori 166.50 133.00 799

Narsinghpur 93.10 205.30 2205

Division Total 1733.00 2943.50 1698

Sagar 210.20 366.40 1743

Damoh 166.40 226.40 1361

Panna 147.90 223.90 1514

Tikamgarh 168.80 414.30 2454

Chattarpur 204.80 449.10 2193



Division Total 898.10 1680.10 1871

Rewa 291.90 458.80 1572

Sidhi 163.60 191.00 1167

Singroli 155.30 136.40 878

Satna 250.90 478.90 1909

Division Total 861.70 1265.10 1468

Shahdol 158.10 255.60 1617

Anupur 138.30 132.20 956

Umaria 92.60 105.30 1139

Division total 389.00 493.30 1268

Indore 117.80 506.60 4385

Dhar 234.00 507.60 2169

Jhabua 114.40 131.90 1153

Khargone 154.20 345.70 2242

Barwani 125.60 345.00 2747

Khandwa 122.70 271.40 2212

Burhanpur 29.30 62.80 2143

Alirajpur 92.92 93.40 1005

Division Total 990.90 2274.40 2295

Ujjain 158.40 409.70 2586

Mandsaur 122.40 408.00 3333

Neemuch 73.70 178.60 2423

Ratlam 147.50 295.70 2005

Dewas 166.00 500.80 3017

Shajapur 166.70 390.30 2341

Aagar 0.00 0.00 0

Division total 834.70 2183.10 2615

Murena 205.10 655.00 3194

Sheopur Kalan 113.50 428.00 3771

Bhind 144.60 396.10 2739

Division Total 463.20 1479.10 3193

Gwalior 158.10 532.60 3369

Shivpuri 240.60 597.50 2483

Guna 130.70 359.90 2754

Ashoknagar 132.40 303.00 2289

Datia 148.60 367.80 2475

Division Total 810.40 2160.80 2666

Bhopal 80.40 212.30 2641

Sehore 248.00 678.40 2735

Raisen 255.10 712.70 2794

Vidisha 248.10 477.20 1923

Rajgarh 207.30 387.00 1870



Division Total 1038.90

2468.20

2376

Hosangabad 278.00 1239.00 4457

Harda 152.20 696.80 4578

Betul 229.60 387.00 1684

Division total 660.00 2322.80 3519

Non Reported 58.20 41.70 716

MP State 8738.10 19312.10 2210

Source : Department of Agriculture, GoMP ( Area in Thousand Hectare, Production in Thousand Tonnes and Productivity in Kg/Hectare)

Table no 2.15 Area. Production and productivity of Paddy & Wheat ( Major Cereals) in

Madhya Pradesh

Area in 000 ha Production in 000 tonnes productivity in kg per ha

Year Paddy (Rice) Wheat

Area Production Productivity Area Production Productivity

2008-09 1716.80 1578.00 969 4009.80 7279.60 1895

2009-10 1603.30 1362.50 896 4471.10 8872.70 2071

2010-11 1583.70 1773.50 1182 4645.20 8227.20 2073

2011-12 1703.40 2279.90 1413 5260.50 14544.40 2770

( Source Agriculture Statistics Govt of MP FW&AD )

Paddy Production;- Balaghat district also tops the list of paddy production in the state. It is followed by Seoni, Shahdol, Rewa and Mandla. The average productivity of paddy has increased. In the last five years the productivity of paddy has increased from 969 (2008-09) to 2789 (2013-14(FFC) Kg per ha showing a impressive trend..

Wheat production;-The State has become the third largest wheat producing state in country .Madhya Pradesh contributes 17.5% of the total wheat produced in the country. Sarbati and Duram wheat has given an international identity to Madhya Pradesh. Hoshangabad and Chhindwara are the major cereal producing districts in the state with around 6.5 % share in the state production. Other key districts with better production of cereals are Morena, Sagar, Sehore, Dhar, Harda, Raisen and Betul.. Wheat production in the state is concentrated in the districts of Hoshangabad, Chhindwara, Sehore, Harda and Raisen. Hoshangabad is the leading wheat producing district with 1.18 million tonnes of wheat produced in 2011-12 &1.02 million tonne in 2012-13.Maximum production of maize is found in Chhindwara district and other key maize producing districts are Ratlam, Betul, Dhar and Jhabua.

Total foodgrain production in the state has nearly double in the last four years ( 2007-12). about 11%of the total food grains production came from Madhya Pradesh. With increasing agricultural production it has become the third largest food grain producer after UP and Punjab with 7 % share.



Pulses Production:- ;- Madhya Pradesh is the largest pulse producing state in India accounting for 28.65% of the country’s total pulse production .Among the pulses Gram tuar urid Moong Masur are major crops. The Tuar (Arhar) area is showing increasing trend from 310.10 thousand ha.(2008-09) to 464.04 thousand ha.(2013-14 FFC)

Table2.16 District wise area , production and yield for Total Pulses(Kharif Rabi) crops for the year 2011 – 12,is shown in the table below:


District 2011 – 12,

Area Prod Yield

Jabalpur 173.10 127.90 739

Katni 66.10 28.10 739

Balaghat 32.80 21.90 668

Chhindwara 92.70 154.00 1661

Seoni 113.80 61.20 538

Mandla 71.80 22.20 309

Dindori 67.10 13.60 188

Narsinghpur 215.30 210.10 976

Division Total

832.60 638.00 766

Sagar 287.60 208.40 725

Damoh 220.00 165.80 754

Panna 178.80 119.70 669

Tikamgarh 123.60 42.10 341

Chattarpur 195.20 149.60 766

Division Total

1005.20 685.60 682

Rewa 149.60 94.90 635

Sidhi 40.00 21.90 447

Singroli 42.90 21.80 508

Satna 159.90 63.50 397

Division Total

401.30 202.10 504

Shahdol 22.10 7.70 348.

Anupur 33.80 10.70 317

Umaria 28.80 9.20 319

Bivision total

84.70 27.60 326

Indore 69.30 76.00 1282

Dhar 110.90 99.10 894

Jhabua 27.20 12.30 463

Khargone 35.90 12.70 364

Barwani 25.00 6.70 268

Khandwa 32.30 21.30 659



Burhanpur 8.30 7.30 880

Alirajpur 74.60 25.90 347

Division Total

373.50 261.60 700

Ujjain 201.50 152.50 757

Mandsaur 55.70 37.10 666

Nemuch 18.50 15.90 859

Ratlam 84.20 53.40 634

Dewas 124.60 134.60 1080

Shajapur 156.70 120.40 768

Aagar 0.00 .00 .00

Division total

641.20 513.90 801

Murena 22.20 14.10 635

Sheopur Kalan

13.30 13.40 1008

Bhind 32.30 26.20 611

Division Total

67.80 53.70 792

Gwalior 22.60 26.00 1150

Shivpuri 81.50 75.80 930

Guna 80.00 91.70 1140

Ashoknagar 211.80 198.60 938

Datia 44.30 34.20 772

Division Total

440.20 426.30 968

Bhopal 39.80 55.80 1402

Sehore 119.80 129.40 1080

Raisen 192.30 189.50 985

Vidisha 287.20 244.80 852

Rajgarh 124.10 127.50 1027

Division Total

763.20 747.00 979

Hosangabad 32.10 42.30 1318

Harda 19.00 31.70 1668

Betul 82.60 74.50 902

Division total

133.70 148.50 1111

Non Reported

17.00 10.00 641

MP State 4760.40 3715.20 780



Pulses Production

Chhindwara & Vidisha tops the list of pulses production in the state, besides, Narsinghpur,

Sagar and Raisen which also fare well. Ashoknagar, Damoh, Dewas and Ujjain are the other

districts with relatively good production of pulses. In pulses, gram is the major crop grown in

the state. Vidisha, Raisen, Ujjain, Dewas and Sagar are the major gram producing districts in

the state. Moong, Urad, Massor, Gram, Arhar and Kabuli Chana have given a distinct identity

to the state. Madhya Pradesh is also the largest exporter of Dollar Gram. Madhya Pradesh is

the largest pulse producing state in the.

Table 2.17 MP State Area Production & yield of Pulses ( Total)

Area in 000 ha Production in 000 tonnes productivity in kg per ha Year Madhya Pradesh

Area Production Productivity

2007-08 4404 2674 607

2008-09 4637 3711 800

2009-10 4797 4135 862

2010-11 5211 3029 581

2011-12 4760 3715 780

Source : Department of Agriculture, GoMP

Oil seeds Production ;-Soybean. ,Niger, Mustard, Groundnut Sesamum, Linseed are the major oilseeds crop grown in Madhya Pradesh. District wise area (in thousand hectares), production (in thousand tonnes) and yield (in kilograms per hectare) for Total Pulses(Kharif Rabi) crops for the year 2011 – 12, shown in the table below:

.

Table 2.18 District wise Area Production & yield of Oilseed (Total)


District 2011-12

Area Prod Yield

Jabalpur 18.30 12.40 678

Katni 11.50 4.00 348

Balaghat 20.20 15.80 782

Chhindwara 185.00 331.30 1791

Seoni 143.90 134.40 934

Mandla 33.60 20.00 696

Dindori 54.80 20.10 369

Narsinghpur 76.40 124.00 1623

Division Total

543.30 662.00 1218

Sagar 323.10 320.20 991

Damoh 55.10 69.20 1256

Panna 49.80 33.20 667

Tikamgarh 117.70 84.70 720

Chattarpur 169.90 66.80 393



Division Total

715.60 574.10 802

Rewa 54.10 24.30 449

Sidhi 18.40 11.20 609

Singroli 26.90 14.30 532

Satna 64.90 30.90 476

Division Total

164.30 80.70 491

Shahdol 18.40 6.90 375

Anupur 18.10 7.00 387

Umaria 26.10 8.20 314

Division total 62.60 22.10 353

Indore 226.80 263.50 1162

Dhar 281.30 367.20 1305

Jhabua 56.20 41.40 737

Khargone 50.20 35.50 707

Barwani 46.60 26.20 562

Khandwa 174.20 97.80 561

Burhanpur 16.10 9.30 578

Alirajpur 26.50 23.30 879

Division Total

877.90 864.20 984

Ujjain 458.90 635.50 1385

Mandsaur 306.60 417.50 1362

Nemuch 144.30 126.80 879

Ratlam 223.60 284.40 1285

Dewas 325.20 421.10 1295

Shajapur 363.70 403.80 1110

Aagar 0.00 0.00 0

Division total 1822.30 2292.10 1258

Murena 138.90 234.20 1686

Sheopur Kalan

103.90 111.40 1072

Bhind 182.40 207.60 1138

Division Total

425.20 553.20 1301

Gwalior 74.50 88.9 1193

Shivpuri 323.30 403.30 1247

Guna 217.60 303.70 1396

Ashoknagar 113.40 133.80 1180

Datia 56.50 44.90 795

Division Total

785.30 974.60 1241

Bhopal 108.30 129.60 1197

Sehore 290.70 359.20 1236



Raisen 176.00 128.20 728

Vidisha 243.50 292.20 1200

Rajgarh 318.50 273.70 859

Division Total

1137.00 1182.90 1040

Hosangabad 221.20 141.90 642

Harda 180.50 258.70 1433

Betul 232.70 275.90 1186

Division total 634.40 676.50 1066

Non Reported

19.50 14.80 759

MP State 7187.40 7897.20 1099

Source Agriculture Statistics Kharif & Rabi crops District wise Area Production& yield FW&AD GoMP

Oilseeds Production {Kharif);- Among the main Kharif oilseed crops grown in MP soybean is main year wise details as follows

Table 2.19 Soybean Area Production & Productivity 2009-10 to 2011-12


Year Soybean

Area Production Yield

2009-10 5453.70 6427.90 1180

2010-11 5552.20 6776.80 1222

2011-12 5786.30 6497.10 1124

Source Agriculture Statistics Kharif & Rabi crops District wise Area Production& yield FW&AD GoMP

District wise Oilseed production of Soybean is highest in Ujjain and Sehore districts, while

other districts are Shajapur, Dhar and Dewas. Soyabean is the key constituent of the oilseed

group. Ujjain tops the list of soybean production in the state. Other soybean producing

soybean producing districts in the state are Sehore, Dewas, Dhar and Shajapur.

Oilseeds Production (Rabi);- In Rabi season the major oilseed crops are mustard and linseed

grown in Madhya Pradesh. In oilseed production Mustard crop of Madhya Pradesh is also

having good place on all India basis

Table no;-2.20 Mustard Area (thousand ha,) Production (in 000 Tonnes) and yield in kg/hectare Madhya Pradesh

Year Mustard

Area Production Yield

2009-10 769.90 805.20 1047

2010-11 726.90 819.00 1128

2011-12 663.60 790.00 1192

Source Deptt of Agri GoMP



Rape seed & Mustard are grown in areas of Morena, Bhind,Sheopurkalan disticts whre as it is also grown with good yield in tribal areas of Seoni Mandla Dindori District Other Crops

Sugrcane:- The highest sugarcane production is found in Narsinghpur district followed by Chhindwara.

Cotton:- Cotton is cultivated in Nimar Plains agro-climatic zones of the Madhya Pradesh This zone contributes nearly total cotton area & total production of MP having productivity average of 531 kg lint per ha which is slightly lower than National average (552 kg lint per ha)(2013-14)

West Nimar is the highest cotton producing district with a share of 34.8% in the cotton area of state. Other important districts as far as cotton production is concerned are Chhindwara and Dhar.

Area production and yields of all types of crops,;- District wise, division wise, year wise, area production and yields of all types of crops, taken together is indicated in the table below for the years 2011 - 12,.

Table 2.21 (e) District wise, Year wise Area, Prod. And yield under all crops in Madhya Pradesh

{DISTRICTWISE AREA, PRODUCTION & YIELD OF FOOD GRAINS TOTAL

DISTRICT AREA

2011-2012

PROD. YIELD

JABALPUR 364.50 477.30 1309

KATNI 250.40 352.30 1407

BALAGHAT 320.40 399.70 1248

CHHINDWARA 415.50 1048.00 2522

SEONI 387.10 503.40 1300

MANDLA 285.80 239.80 839

DINDORI 233.50 145.60 624

NARSINGHPUR 308.40 415.40 1347

DIVISON TOTAL 2565.60 3581.50 1396

SAGAR 497.80 574.80 1155

DAMOH 386.40 392.20 1015

PANNA 326.70 343.60 1052

TIKAMGARH 292.40 456.40 1561

CHHATARPUR 400.00 598.70 1497

DIVISION TOTAL 1903.30 2365.70 1243

REWA 441.40 553.70 1254

SIDHI 212.60 212.90 1001

SINGROLI 158.20 158.20 798

SATNA 410.80 542.40 1320

DIVISION TOTAL 1263.00 1467.20 1162

SHAHDOL 180.20 263.30 1461

ANUPPUR 172.10 142.90 830



UMARIA 121.40 114.70 945

DIVISION TOTAL 473.70 520.90 1100

INDORE 177.10 592.60 3346

DHAR 344.90 606.70 1759

JHABUA 141.60 144.50 1020

KHARGONE 190.10 358.40 1885

BARWANI 150.60 351.70 2335

KHANDWA 155.00 292.70 1888

BURHANPUR 37.60 70.10 1864

ALIRAJPUR 167.50 119.30 712

DIVISION TOTAL 1364.40 2536.00 1859

UJJAIN 359.90 562.20 1562

MANDSAUR 178.10 445.10 2499

NEEMUCH 92.20 194.50 2110

RATLAM 231.70 349.10 1507

DEWAS 290.60 635.40 2187

SHAJAPUR 323.40 510.70 1579

AAGAR 0.00 0.00 0

DIVISION TOTAL 1475.90 2697.00 1827

MORENA 227.30 669.10 2944

SHEOPUR KALAN 126.80 441.40 3481

BHIND 176.90 422.30 2387

DIVISION TOTAL 531.00 1532.80 2887

GWALIOR 180.70 558.60 3091

SHIVPURI 322.10 673.30 2090

GUNA 210.70 451.60 2143

ASHOKNAGAR 344.20 501.60 1457

DATIA 192.90 402.00 2084

DIVISION TOTAL 1250.60 2587.10 2069

BHOPAL 120.20 268.10 2230

SEHORE 367.80 807.80 2196

RAISEN 447.40 902.20 2017

VIDISHA 535.30 722.00 1349

RAJGARH 331.40 515.10 1554

DIVISION TOTAL 1802.10 3215.20 1784

HOSHANGABAD 310.10 1281.30 4132

HARDA 171.20 728.50 4255

BETUL 312.40 461.50 1477

DIVISON TOTAL 793.70 2471.30 3114

NON-REPORTED 75.20 52.60 699

M.P. STATE 13498.50 23027.30 1706



Nationally, Madhya Pradesh is the highest producer of pulses and oilseeds with around 30 %

share. The state is also a major producer of linseed, mustard, sunflower, safflower and niger.

The crops with high production during past ten years are wheat, Arhar(tur), gram, soybean and

mustard. Productivity of major crops in the state has also improved remarkably over the

period 2001-02 to 2011-12. The productivity of rice, wheat, soybean, groundnut, mustard and

cotton are showing impressive trends over the years. Average productivity of crops has

increased. In the last eight years, The productivity of food grains (Total) has increased from

1064 kg per hectare(2007-2008) to 1706 kg/ha in 2011-12 and 1689 kg/ha in 2013-14(FFC)

2.9. Horticulture Horticulture would provide additional employment opportunities and additional income to the

farm families. The State is endowed with agro-climatic conditions conducive for growing a

wide range of horticulture crops such as fruits, vegetables, spices crops, and flowers, medicinal

and aromatic plants. The area and yield of major horticultural crops remained stagnant during

the periods 2001-2002 to 2007-2008. But from 2007-08, when awareness about both crops

and eating habits of the people changed, this sector has been witnessing an upward trend,

from 402851 ha in area in 2001 -2002 to 1425142 ha. in 2012 – 13; similarly the production

grew from 34.64 lakh tonnes(2001-2002) to 227.08 lakh tonnes in the same period (2012 – 13).

The production of vegetables registered an increase from 184950 of 2004-05to 502525.tonns

in the year2011-12 similarly, the production of spices increased from 265811(2004-05) to

2808108 tonnes in the year 2011-12, and flower production from 0.01 lakh tonne in the year

of 2004-05 to 1.51 lakh tonne in year 2011-12. The production is having positive trend.

The details of area and production of core groups in horticultural crops are furnished in Table

2.19.

Table 2.22 Area of Production of Horticultural Crops in Madhya Pradesh Area in 000 Hac., Production in Qtls.

YEAR FRUITS VEGETABLES SPICES FLOWERS MEDICINAL AND

AROMATIC

GRAND TOTAL

AREA PROD. AREA PROD. AREA PROD. AREA PROD. AREA PROD. AREA PROD. 2009-10(D) 112380 2864000 248380 3242000 319350 418910 6590 5000 29085 174000 715785 6703910

2010-11(D) 132380 3373434 283680 3698640 365850 482176 7660 6000 33585 201510 823155 7761760

2011-12 (D) 164945 3762009 502525 11644137 468359 2808108 15613 150649 43596 105039 1195038 18469942

Source:_ Department of Horticulture GoMP (D)

The main fruits grown in Madhya Pradesh are mango, guava, banana, citrus fruits and melons.

The production of mango and guava is high and these fruits also have a large processing

potential for the tinned and pulp products

Mango has been traditionally grown in Madhya Pradesh, in both forests and in individual

farms.

The area (in hectare), production (in Tonnes) and productivity (in Tonnes per hectare) for fruit

crops; are indicated in the table below:



Table 2.23 Area, Production & Productivity of Fruit Crops In Madhya Pradesh

. Year 2011-12

YEAR

2011-12

CROP Area Production Productivity

MANGO 18332 1.75 9.55

GUVAVA;’ 16450 2.55 15.50

BANANA 24783 13.79 55.64

ORANGE 44197 6.48 14.66

LIME 9546 1.30 13.62

SWEET LIME 1435 0.17 11.85

GRAPES 61 0.002 3.28

PAPAYA 10186 2.74 26.90

OTHER FRUITS 38874 7.25 18.65

TOTAL FRUITS 163864 36.032 21.99

Vegetables

POTATO 87975 18.17 20.64

ONION 89955 21.77 24.20

TOMATO 55311 13.50 24.41

BRINJAL 30747 5.33 17.34

CABBAGE 19033 3.76 19.76

CAULIFLOWER 30434 4.77 15.67

OKRA 23582 3.10 13.14

PEAS 47302 4.52 9.56

SWEET POTATO 2180 0.24 11.01

OTHER VEGETABLE 117880 25.75 21.84

TOTAL VEGETABLE 504409 100.91 20.01

SPICS

GINGER 14399 2.66 18.47

RED CHILLIS 116479 2.69 2.31

GREEN CHILLIES 3.68 3.16

TURMERIC 4371 0.92 21.05

GARLIC 94945 11.50 12.11

CORINDER 184527 4.89 2.65

OTHER SPICES 53983 2.57 4.76

TOTAL SPICES 468704 28.91 6.17

FLOWER 15613 1.51 9.67

MEDICINAL& AROMATIC PLANTS

43594 1.05 2.41

GRAND TOTAL 1196184 168.41 14.08

Detail observations indicates that the districts that are contributing to cultivation of horticulture crops in the state, shows that it is the Malwa region where horticulture has



flourished to a great extent and the seven districts, namely, Ratlam, Mandsaur, Guna, Rajgarh, Shajapur, Jabalpur and Chhindwara have comparatively higher share of area as a proportion to the state level area under horticulture crops . The other nine districts with comparatively fair share of area under horticulture crops include, Neemuch, Ujjain, Dhar, Indore, Barwani, West Nimar, East Nimar, Sagar and Chhatarpur. Further the growth in Horticulture sector noticed in

Area expansion of crops like Mango crop area increase from 7098 ha (Maximum during 2002-07) to 18332 ha in the year 2011-12 Orange crop area increase from 16235 ha (Maximum during 2002-07) to 44197 ha in the year 2011-12 Banana, area increase from 7588 ha (2006-07) to 24783 ha in the year 2011-12 Increase in Productivity.

The productivity of the Mango crops remain stagnant 9.00 tonne per ha. during 2002-07and increase to 9.55 tonne per ha during the period 2011-12

The productivity of the Guava crops remain stagnant 20 tonne per ha. during 2002-07and increase to 15.50 tonne per ha during the period 2011-12

The productivity of the lime crops remain stagnant 16 tonne per ha. during 2002-07and further decrease to 13.62 tonne per ha during the period 2012-13.

The productivity of the Banana crops remains stagnant 40 to 64.36. tonne per ha. during 2002-07and increase to 55.64 tonne per ha during the period 2012-13.

The productivity of the Papaya crops remains stagnant 27 to 49. tonne per ha. during 2002-07and it has marginal increase to 26.90 tonne per ha during the period 2011-12.

Vegetable;

Among vegetables, potato, onion, tomato and green peas are the major crops in terms of area. Vegetable cultivation is one of the fast growing activities in the state due to higher demand in urban and semi-urban areas and also due to diversity in number of crops. Some of the vegetable crops have distinct identity i.e. potato produced in the Malwa region has gained a good reputation for production of potato chips.

Spices;-

The major spices grown in Madhya Pradesh are Chillies, Coriander, Turmeric, Ginger, and Garlic. In almost all the spices there is an upward trend in production, and productivity.

Horticulture Training Centers in M.P. Horticulture Training Centers in M.P. : The department is running four training centres, at, Pachmari, Rehli (Sagar district), Govindgarh (Rewa district) and Indore. While the centre at Pachmari is for training officers, the other three centres are for training gardners.

1 PACHMARHI - OFFICERS TRAINING

2 REHLI (SAGAR) MALI TRAINING

3 GOVINDGARH (REWA) - MALI TRAINING

4 INDORE - MALI TRAINING



Horticulture Nurseries in M.P. Horticulture Nurseries in Madhya Pradesh: To promote and

encourage horticultural crop growth in the state, the department is running 307 nurseries and

farms; that includes; 253 nurseries; 45 station gardens and 9 vegetable seed farms.

1 NURSERIES 253

2 STATION GARDEN 45

3 VEGETABLE SEED FARM 9

TOTAL NURSERIES & FARMS 307

Food Preservation Training Centres A Food Preservation Training Centre is also being run at Indore, where food processing trainings for making Jam, Jelly and pickles etc. are imparted. The centre also provide class/campus trainings, which is need based

2.10. Agricultural Engineering

The mechanization ensures reduction of drudgery associated with various farm operations as also to economize the utilization of inputs and thereby harnessing the potential of available resources. The priorities for mechanization are decided aASDs per the actual requirement of various agro-climatic zones and involve land preparation equipment and crop production techniques for cereal crops, cash crops, oil seeds, pulses, horticultural crops, etc.

The constraints in the promotion of mechanization include the varied requirement of equipments for each agro-climate zone, the small and fragmented land holding, low investment capacity of the farmers, inadequate irrigation facilities, know how status of the farmers, repairs and maintenance facilities, etc.

However, there has been an upwards trend in adapting to various mechanized devices in agriculture, as is evident from the table below. The uses of tractors have increased from 186404 to 284532, i.e. almost doubled. Similarly erratic supply and shortage of electricity has proved to be a boon for the increased use of diesel pumps, again increasing from 194662 in 1999 – 2000 to 15,50,000 in 2013 -14. In case of sugarcane crushing farmers are shifting from bullock driven to power driven crushers. It is only the ploughs, where people still prefer wooden ploughs and iron ploughs are not encouraged.

Table 2.24 : Use of Mechanized devices for agricultural practises 2011-12

YEAR PUMPS TRACTORS

SUGARCANE CRUSHERS

PLOUGHS

ELECTRIC

(Number)

DIESEL

(number)

POWER DRIVEN

(OOO)

BULLOCK DRIVEN

(ooo)

WOODEN IRON

( ' 000 ) ( ' 000)

2011-12 1698110 372478 337102 1126.2 11.1 2850 693

Source;-Agricultural Statistics of Madhya Pradesh 2011-12 Commissioner Land Record & Settlement MP.



2.11. Animal Husbandry and Dairy The Animal Husbandry and Dairy sectors play a significant role in supplementing family

incomes and generating gainful employment in the rural sector, particularly among the

landless labourers, small and marginal farmers and women, besides providing cheap

nutritional food to millions of people. Livestock are the best insurance against the vagaries of

nature like drought, famine and other natural calamities. Animal Husbandry activities

contribute significantly to GSDP and have tremendous scope for further expansion to serve as

sustainable source of income for rural population.

Under the Animal Husbandry sector the infrastructure is developed as follows

Table2.25 Institutions for Veterinary Health Services in Madhya Pradesh

Sr no Name of Institution Number

1 State Level Veterinary Hospital 1

2 Veterinary Hospitals 795

3 Animal Dispensary 1666

4 Chal (Mobil ) veterinary units 38

5 Chal Virujalaya 27

6 Disease investigating Laboratoris 22

7 Foot & Mouth Disease Iinvestigating units 1

8 Animal Heath &Jaivik utapad Sansthan 1

9 Semen Sansthan 1

10 Up sanchalak Matha Mahamari ( State Level) 1

11 Pasu Janch Chaoki 19

12 Anugami Units 10

13 Vigilance units 7

14 Saghan Tikakaran ekai (Intensive tikakarn Units) 7

15 Rog Shaman Dal (Disease investigation Units) 2

16 Animal Quarantine Station 1

17 Frozen Bull Semen Station 1

18 Frozen Semen Bank 5

19 Mukhya Gram Yojona 38

20 Mukhya Gram Ekai (Units) 380

21 NIyantrit Pasu Prajanan Karyakram (Regulated Animal Breeding Programme) 4

22 NIyantrit Pasu Prajanan upkendra (Regulated Animal Breeding sub units) 125

23 Artificial Insemination centre State pattern 16

24 State Pattern Kritim Raten Kendra 141

25 Gahan Pasu Vikas Pariyojona (Intensive Animal Development Projects) 17

26 Gahan Pasu Vikas Kritim garbhadan Kendra (Intensive animal insemination Centre

60

27 Gahan Pasu Vikas Kritim garbhadan Up KendraI(Intensive animal insemination Sub)Centre

904

28 Kritim Garbhadhan Prasiksan Kendra (Artificial Insemination Training Centre 2

29 Assistant Veterinary Services officers Training Sansthan 1

30 Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University 1

31 Veterinary Science College 3

32 Veterinary Science Correspondence college 5



Cattle is the most important economic asset in the rural agrarian sector of the state where 76% people live in villages and majority of them are involved in livestock activities either as producers or as hired labourers. For upliftment of socio-economic status of the tribal and the weaker sections of the society, including small and marginal farmers, animal husbandry has played a significant role. Most of the rural poor and landless population is engaged in non-crop farming activities. Livestock rearing has helped the rural people through remunerative self-employment. The livestock rearing provides gainful employment through subsidiary occupations at the locality itself and makes better utilization of essentially utilizable family labour comprising older people, women and children.

Activities allied to agriculture viz., Animal Husbandry & Dairy, Fisheries and Poultry provide supplementary occupation to the people besides contributing to Gross State Domestic Product. The dependence on the agricultural sector for supporting livelihood is well known while the allied sectors offer scope for absorbing surplus labour from the agriculture sector.

Cattle Population:-With a cattle and buffalo population of 199 lakhs and105 lakhs as per the live stock census 2007 the state accounts for 11% of cattle and 8.67% of buffalo population of the country.

Table 2.28 Number of live stock in Madhya Pradesh

Year 2011-12

As per 18th Live stock Census 2007

Madhya Pradesh

As per 18th Live stock Census 2007

India

Compression of Madhya Pradesh

with India in Percentage

1 Cows & bullocks 2.19,15,438 19,90,75,005 11.01

2 Buffaloes 91,29,152 10,53,42,644 8.67

3 sheep’s 3,89,863 7,15,58,232 0.54

4 Goats 90,13,587 14,05,37,405 6.41

5 Horses & Ponies 27,191 6.11,386 4.45

6 Mules 2,617 1,37,123 1.91

7 Donkeys 20,199 4,37,937 4.61

8 Mithun 0 264309 NA

9 yok 0 83,169 NA

10 Camels 4,456 5,16,828 0.86

11 Pigs 1,92,941, 1,11,33,566 1.73

12 Total 4,06,95,544 52,96,97,604 7.68 Source;-As per 18th Livestock Cencus.2007 Appendix 1

This huge population of animals can change the economy of state by increasing their

productivity and performance, it can provide us the sufficient quantity of milk and meat,

however there are potential to use of bullock quantum in the agriculture for reducing the

labour cost as well as by product of animals as dung can provide us the organic manure and

power for farm and domestic purpose by proper utilization of by product.



Dairy Development;-Madhya Pradesh is the sixth largest producer of milk in the country. Milk production in the state has increased steadily over a ten year period from 657lakh tons during2007-2008 to 881.9 lakh tonnes during 2011-12. It grew at an average of 4%per annum .during 2008.09 to 2010-11 and thereafter at 8.5 per annum during 2011-2012 as against 4% to 5% registered for the country as whole.

The Madhya Pradesh recorded a growth rate of 6.1% in Milk production during 2008-09 to 6.7% during 2012-13 which was highest in the country (India’s growth rate was 3.5%) surpassing Maharashtra in terms of total milk production.

Per capita milk availability in MP has also increased from 264 gm in 2007-08 to 282 gm in2011-12 compare to 295 gm/day for the country and recommendation of ICMR is 280 gm/day. Thus there is adequate scope for increasing the productivity of local animals through upgrading using proven fires (Male)

Poultry;- Egg production marginally decreased from 9747 lakhs(number) in 2007-08 to 7981 lakhs in 2011-12. Meat production on the other hand has gone up close to two times from 20.6 thousand tonnes in 2007-08 to 39.7 thousand tonnes in 2011-12.

Table2.29 ;-District wise production of milk, egg & meat Production Year 2011-12

Sr no District Milk production (000 M.Tonns)

Egg production (In Lakh)

Meat Production (000 M.Tonns)

Wool Production

1 Jabalpur 311.2 2364.6 7.0 4.0

2 Katni

3 Bhalaghat 97.4 125.4 0.6 0.0

4 Chhindwara 135.0 278.3 0.6 0.6

5 Seoni 96.0 77.6 0.3 0.2

6 Mandla 92.3 121.6 0.5 0.7

7 Dindori

8 Narsinghpur 97.5 10.9 0.2 0.3

9 Sagar 230.2 159.2 0.6 0.5

10 Damoh 134.0 46.4 0.2 5.1

11 Panna 126.8 17.5 0.2 5.8

12 Tikamgarh 218.3 46.2 0.3 64.4

13 Chattarpur 210.8 31.6 0.3 23.7

14 Rewa 270.1 19.2 0.1 14.7

15 Sidhi 220.7 145.4 0.6 18.4

16 Singroli

17 Satna 239.4 31.0 0.2 15.4

18 Shahdol 163.3 109.2 0.3 8.8

19 Anuppur

20 Unaria

21 Indore 302.7 689.9 4.4 0.6

22 Dhar 302.7 689.9 4.4 0.6

23 Jhabua 135.7 346.1 0.8 10.0

24 Alirajpur

25 Khargone 279.2 433.3 1.2 8.0

26 Badwani

27 Khandwa 147.3 68.3 0.9 18.2

28 Burhanpur

29 Ujjain 375.4 48.2 0.7 4.9

30 Mandsaur 359.5 34.0 0.4 26.7

31 Neemuch



32 Ratlam 163.4 47.6 0.9 5.5

33 Dewas 252.8 83.0 2.6 0.0

34 Shajapur 243.8 247.3 0.9 0.8

35 Gwalior 243.2 47.2 0.3 30.5

36 Murena 567.2 23.6 0.4 26.3

37 Sheopur

38 Bhind 250.6 7.2 0.2 13.8

39 Shivpuri 295.7 46.7 0.3 76.7

40 Guna 267.3 37.8 0.3 4.1

41 Ashok Nagar

42 Datia 139.4 7.2 0.2 13.1

43 Bhopal 140.0 1501.6 7.3 0.3

44 Sehore 232.5 48.2 1.1 1.4

45 Raisen 144.2 58.6 0.6 0.3

46 Vidisha 185.3 21.0 1.5 3.4

47 Betul 139.2 113.4 0.6 3.4

48 Rajgarh 227.7 218.3 1.3 2.3

49 Hosangabad 186.1 52.1 0.2 0.3

50 Harda

Madhya Pradesh Total 8149.4 7981.0 39.7 413.1

2.12 Fisheries:-Geographically, land locked situation of Madhya Pradesh favours inland fish production in the state. Major fish producing districts are located in the eastern part of the state except Dhar. Districts with top fish production are Dhar, Balaghat, Shahdol, Rewa and Seoni. The other districts in the state where fish production is one of the key livelihood activities are Mandsaur, Indore, Satna, Katni, Tikamgarh, Anuppur, Jabalpur, Mandla, Chhattarpur and Umaria.

Fish production:-There is 4.01 lakh ha of water area available in the state in the form of ponds and tanks, out of which 3.92 lakh ha (98%) area has been brought under fisheries activities. There are as many as 172 fish species found in Madhya Pradesh. Fish production in the state has increased in the past few years from 47457 tonnes in 2001-02 to 85235 tonnes in 2012-13and further rose to 96257 tonnes in2013-14 . Fish production supplements the earnings of poor families in the state besides providing them with food and nutritional support.

Fish Seed Davelopment;-The fish seed production is also being developed in the state concerned, and efforts are being launched for developing them both in government and private sector. Fish seed farms are also increasing its production and conservation by using seasonal rural ponds and bore pits at both sides of the main irrigation canals. The activity of promotion of Fisheries Co-operatives in Madhya Pradesh is also undertaken.

Fisheries Cooperative:-In Madhya Pradesh there are total 2067 fisherman including 46 women fishermen Cooperative societies formed till 2013-14with membership of 77811 fishermen and 1251 fisher women.

2.12 Agriculture Marketing

The entire thrust and efficiency of Agriculture sector is dependent on marketing support so

that the farmer’s risk is minimized besides getting assured and fair returns. An efficient

marketing system holds the key to the success of diversification of agricultural production.

Market intelligence has a vital role to play.



A Well organised Marketing network of regulated market, wholesale markets (Krishi Upaj

Mandi) and Sub Mandi is established where farmers are marketing their product .There are

517 regulated markets in Madhya Pradesh serving the purpose of agriculture marketing. Out

of which 251 main wholesale markets having elaborate infrastructure also known as Krishi

Upaj Mandi and remaining 286 having lower level of infrastructure known as Sub Mandi . In

addition to these there are 1321 haat bazars in the rural areas where farmers and other

people congregate periodically to sell their marketable surpluses from farm and buy essential

requirements. Besides, around 126 mandis have been notified for marketing of horticultural

produce in Madhya Pradesh. The corporate and private sector are also operating their market

channel on regulated basic.

The Agriculture Export zones (AEZ) for export of wheat, potato, onion. Garlic, seed spices,

pulses and for horticulture crop orange are activated with MP state Agro Industries

Development Corporation . Similarly Food Parks have also coming up in Boregaon,

Jaggakhedi, Nimrani, Malanpur, Maneri and Piparia for which about 422 acre land has been

allotted in each district and special packages have been announced for industrialization

Agricultural commodities, viz., cereals, oilseeds, pulses, cotton, turmeric etc. were notified.

The prices of crop year wise detail are furnished in Table 2.12

Table 2.30. Farm Harvest Prices (Weighted Average) Of Principal Crops in Madhya Pradesh (Rs. in \qts)

S. NO.

NAME OF CROP 2011-12

1 Paddy

SUPERIOR 2735.94

MEDIUM 2051.80

INFERIOR 1858.64

2

KHARIF 297.91 454.12 407.25

RABI 302.65 568.59 438.70

3 BAJRA 345.43 397.24 387.23

4 MAIZE 253.18 383.52 302.97

5 KODON-KUTKI

312.96 394.30 347.26

6

EARLY 983.60 1257.06 1433.52

LATE 907.26 1293.66 1612.27

7 WHEAT (MEDIUM)

419.38 422.29 462.47

8 GRAM 951.39 830.05 881.02

9 BARLEY 337.54 376.63 341.72

10 GROUNDNUT 987.17 1209.33 1310.61

11 SESAMUM 1353.74 1752.98 2031.56

12 LINSEED 1008.57 1132.40 1298.79

13 RAPE & MUSTARD

1016.26 1195.44 1070.59

14 COTTON 1402.23 2213.43 1893.85



Storage ;- The storage of agriculture commodities conducted as and when in state sector

mainly by the Madhya Pradesh Warehousing and Logistic Corporation which has presently, 281 branches in the state. The Madhya Pradesh Warehousing and Logistic Corporation has achieved the total storage capacity of 58.58 lakh MT. It is also commendable that the occupancy levels against the 30 total capacity achieved with maximum efficiency at 94%. Madhya Pradesh Warehousing and Logistic Corporation is appointed as a nodal agency for wheat procurement as per the procurement policy of the state government.

Agriculture Research and Extension;- Agriculture research is expected to coordinate location specific, strategic and anticipatory research focused on increasing the productivity, profitability and sustainability of agricultural and allied sectors under the area and jurisdiction of the State. The JNKVV and RVSKVV these two state Agricultural universities also undertake administration, planning, budgeting, coordination, evaluation, monitoring and publication of research outputs of need based production oriented agricultural research with maintenance breeding of crop varieties, breeder seed, production and quality production of planting materials.

2.13. Agricultural Inputs

Among the improved agricultural technologies, seeds, fertilizers and pesticides are the most important ones. The improved seeds have more genetic vigour for high yield potential and the fertilizers and the balanced nutrient management trigger the potentials for increasing the yield levels. Therefore, the timely and adequate availability of these inputs, that too at affordable prices to farmers, are the essentials to keep agriculture growing. The details of agricultural inputs supplied to the farmers in the State over a period of five years from 2001-02 to 2005-06 are briefly discussed in this section.

i) Seeds :-Seed is important for higher productivity of crop and its demand and distribution is increasing year by year-

Table 2.31 The quantities of seeds distributed over five years period from 2007-08 to 2011-12

Year Distribution of quality seed (in lakh tonnes)

2007-2008 11.57

2008-2009 14.67

2009-2010 18.37

2010-2011 23.56

2011-2012 30.09

Source ;-Department of Agriculture GoMP

It could be discerned from the table that seeds distribution for both kharif and rabi crops have

nearly tripled from 1157 thousand quintals (2007-2008) to 3009 thousand quintals (2011-12)

Madhya Pradesh has also become the top Certified Seed Producing State in the country, both

in Private and Cooperative sector. In this context intervention was established to attain self-

sufficiency through Co-operative Seed Production Programme. Seed production under

cooperative sector was started to increase the seed replacement rate in the state. State

cooperative seed societies were created in 2002 and in the year 2004, the Apex Maha sangh

for seed was constituted. The state has 2313 seed producing registered co-operatives. The

cooperative network has speeded up the seed production programme and the seed



replacement rate has also gone up. Today Madhya Pradesh has become the largest certified

seed producer in the country with total certified seed production of 43.95 lakh quintal in 2013.

Fig 1.5: Certified Seed production in States

(Seed Replacement Rate:- To increase the productivity of crops, another factor that plays an

important role is SRR (Seed Replacement Rate). Indicated below in the table 2.13 (b) are the

seed replacement rates for various types of crops. In cases such as Cotton the replacement

rate is 100 percent (owing to replacement of cotton seed with BT cotton. The other crop

where replacement rate was high is Bajra, where it is 51 percent. Seed Replacement rates for

most the main crops as Paddy, dwarf wheat, Gram Soyban varies almost around 10 to 31

percent only during 2011-12.

Table 2.32 Seed Replacement by Crops - Percentage to Total Cropped Area Seed Replacement Rate ( in percentage)

Sr Crop Year 2011-12

1 Paddy 16.85

2 Soybean 31.21

3 Dwarf Wheat 30.24

4 Gram 9.97

Source Presentation;NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURE FOR RABI CAMPAIGN 2012-13 by Go MP

The above table indicates the need for increasing seed production Programme particularly in State seed farms and in Seed Cooperative Societies. Moreover, in the recent years, the farmers buying behaviour with reference to seeds have changed towards the use of more and more quality /certified seeds from the seed Market. This trend again reinforces the need for production and distribution of more quality seeds each year through organised sector of cooperative, Seed Corporation & rivate seed producers.

ii) Fertilizers:- Crops respond significantly to fertilizers on most of the soil types. There has also been a shift in the consumption of fertilizers over the years, as given in the following table. This is mainly due to a shift in cropping pattern from food grains to oilseeds, cash crops and cultivation of horticulture crops and also growth in irrigation facilities in the state.

Table 2.33 – Fertilizer consumption in Madhya Pradesh (kg /Ha)

YEAR Fertilizer consumption in Madhya Pradesh

2007-08 63.44

2008 -09 70.71

2009-10 77.21

2010-11 89.19

2011-12 88.28

Source; Department of Agriculture GoMP

Kg. per ha. Fertilizer consumption;-The per hectare use of fertilizer consumption in the state has steadily increased from 63.44 kg per ha in 2007-08 to 88.28 kg per ha in 2011-12. Sustained efforts are being made to further increase the area under irrigation, which is a pre-requisite for fertilizer consumption and providing timely supply of all chemical fertilizers at the primary agricultural cooperative level. ( Source :Fertilizer Statistics of India and Compendium of Agriculture Statistics)



Farmers training for fertilizer application;- The farmers have to be educated and trained in the application of proper proportions of NPK in the crop fields. Introduction of bio-fertilizers is yet another recent land mark that adds to the increased crop productivity with the least cost. However, it is yet to gain momentum among farmers and hence a special thrust in the plan may be given for popularizing bio-fertilizers among the farmers of Madhya Pradesh. The Integrated Fertilizer Management (IFM) through the use of judicious mix of organic manure, bio-fertilizers, green manures and chemical fertilizers require urgent attention for minimizing the adverse environmental effects in the long run. Similarly, the effective implementation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) should be there to internalise the pesticides externalities at the farm level.

iii) Pesticides

. Table2.34;-The particulars on pesticides consumption in the State over a period of 5 years From 2007-2008 to 2011-12.

Pesticide Consumption (Technical Grade in MT)

S. No. Year Target Achievement

1 2007-2008 729 696

2 2008-2009 731 663

3 2009-2010 729 645

4 2010-2011 723 633

5 2011-2012

Perusal of the details in the above table, clearly exhibits the fact that the utilization of

pesticides was around 2606 metric tonnes in 1990-91 and it started declining thereafter

drastically reaching 633 tonnes of technical grade in 2010-11. The drastic reduction in the

pesticides use was primarily due to the advocacy of the concept of Economic Threshold Level

(ETL) and the concept of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) as well. The introduction of bio

pesticides also reduced the chemical uses. Thus, the need-based plant protection measures

are becoming popular among the farmers in the State, so as to reduce the cost of production

of the crops and the unnecessary environmental pollution with chemicals. However, to make

the concepts of ETL and IPM more popular among all categories of farmers, effective extension

education with field demonstrations are the need of the hour, on which the planned activities

have to be focused in the future. Use of bio-pesticides on the other hand, is gradually

increasing and organizations like NABARD, etc. are not only advocating but slowly encouraging

and introducing use of Bio pesticides in their WADI like programmes.

iv) Agriculture Markets and Storage There are 517 regulated markets in Madhya Pradesh

serving the purpose of agriculture marketing. Out of which 251 main wholesale

markets having elaborate infrastructure also known as Krishi Upaj Mandi and

remaining 28 286 having lower level of infrastructure known as Sub Mandi . In

addition to these there are 1321 haat bazars in the rural areas where farmers and

other peple congregate periodically to sell their marketable surpluses from farm



and buy essential requirements. Besides, around 126 mandis have been notified for

marketing of horticultural produce in Madhya Pradesh.

Table2.34 : Mandi Arrivals and Income Generated in Madhya Pradesh

Years Total Mandi Arrivals

(in Lakh Ionnes)

% increase in arrivals

Income generated from Mandi fes @2%

( Rs In Crore)

% increase in income

2006-07 147.25 370.23

2007 -08 173.74 17.99% 466.36 25.96

2008 -09 169.49 -2.45% 478.23 2.55

2009- 10 171.57 1.23% 571.16 19.43

2010 -11 217.52 26.78% 742.78 30.05

2011 -12 233.99 7.57% 763.50 2.79

(Source ;Madhya Pradesh Agriculture Marketing Board GoMp)



CHAPTER III

STRENGTH, WEAKNESS, OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES SWOC ANALYSIS

Informative analysis on Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Challenges, serve as

management tools for strategic decision-making as well as a diagnostic technique which

catalyses in streamlining the future projections and applications. This analysis has been used in

corporate management but now a day it has become an integral component in majority of

operational fields of life. SWOC analysis pertains to agriculture and allied sectors and other

related sectors is a very effective tool in understanding the emerging challenges of farming

and different ecosystems and integrating them with production requirements in right

perspectives. SWOC analysis of four major sectors viz., agriculture, horticulture, animal

husbandry and fisheries for Madhya Pradesh state is given below:

3.1 Agriculture Sector Strengths

Round the year bright sun-shine and average rainfall of 1100 mm are the boons to the

living of human beings, the animal and plant kingdom on this State of India.

The State possesses 11 agro-climatic zones ranging from arid, semi-arid climatic

conditions and 5 crop regions.

Two agricultural universities,10 Agricultural colleges +one Engineering college and 44

KVKs in almost every district with sound back-up support of research and extension

services.

4500 PACS, Mandi Board having 256 Mandi,s and 282 sub mandis spread throughout

the state.

The major types of soils like red, black cotton, alluvial, loamy and sandy loam found in

the State are highly suitable for growing a variety of crops.

Functional Narmada Development Authority for exploiting irrigation waters for

agricultural productivity. Large acreage of agriculturally productive land in Narmada,

Tawa, Wainganga, Denwa, Betwa, Pench, Hirri, Sagar, Ken, Son, Johila, Budner, Haloan,

Pench, Jam and Machna basins and catchments areas.

Irrigation Schemes implemented to raise ground water level and enabling efficient use

of rain water

A wide range of crops such as cereals, pulses, oilseeds, spices and condiments, fruits,

vegetables and other crops are cultivated under varied agro-climatic conditions in the

State.

People in the State, though majority of them are poor, are hard-working and hence a

modern technological back-up can go a long way in improving agricultural production.

57% of total area of soybean of country is concentrated in MP. Well-developed agro-

based soybean industries are the added strengths for the rapid growth of the economy.



Perennial rivers are the boons for fresh water aquaculture with existence of heritage

water tanks and village ponds. This indicates the high growth potential of fishery sector

in the State.

There exists very good potential for boosting production of milk and goat / poultry

meat in the State through scientific feeding, breeding and health management. This is

more evident from the sizable livestock population the State.

The rail as well as road transport systems, which are essential for agricultural

development, are fairly – knitted in the State.

Well established warehousing system by the CWC, SWC and co-operatives with three-

tier approaches adds strength to the marketing system in the State and

Changing life style and food habits of the people especially in the context of

urbanization, industrialization and Information Technology revolution.

Credit distribution of short term loan at 0% interest

Weaknesses

Sixty five percent of the landholders in the state area are marginal small farmers

owning 26 percent of the cultivable land. The state has 20 percent of the nation’s tribal

population, the largest in any state. Poor in financial resources, however dedicated,

these farmers would need continued special attention and incentives to adopt modern

farming practices.

Water is the primary requirement for successful agriculture. Frequent monsoon

failures, low, erratic and uncertain rainfall and its skewed distribution affect the

momentum of agricultural growth.

Major area under cultivation is rainfed. Some of the irrigation reservoirs are in pathetic

situation due to their limited maintenance resources. Irrigation tanks and water ways

are highly silted and filled with the growth of obnoxious aquatic weeds. Improper up-

keep of canal and river bunds results in severe water losses or non-availability of water

at the requires time results in decreased agricultural productivity

Devoid of significant entrepreneur activities /industries due to poor power availability

in the rural hinterlands.

The state has not been able to support a large seed replacement programme.

Absence of market led extension services

Lack of information and communication Technology (ICT) at village level

Absence of concept of farm entrepreneurship development

No proper attention to market based research for value addition

Inadequate marketing infrastructure

Presence of innumerable intermediaries between farmers and consumers increase the

cost of marketing and reduce farmers share in the consumer’s rupee.

Post-harvest glut and consequent low prices of agricultural commodities

Ineffective storage structures at the farm level and consequent losses of agricultural

produce due to storage pests, including rats and dampness.



Minimum Involvement and negligible coordination of corporate and Private sector for

agriculture development activities

Opportunities

Raising majority of field and horticultural crops round the year throughout the State

due to sufficient precipitation pattern.

Market demand for better quality agricultural products and perishable foods like milk,

fruits and vegetables is getting increased primarily due to urbanization. This

necessitates the enhancing the yield per unit of land besides milk and meat production

in the years to come.

Ample scope exists for opportunities for agro-processing units due to increased

demand for ready-to-cook as well as ready-to-eat foods.

The red, black, alluvial and loamy soils found in the State are highly productive and

their capabilities can be sustained through proper and planned soil fertility

management practices.

As the labour availability is becoming scarce, especially during peak agricultural

operations like transplanting, harvesting etc., the farm mechanization is on the

increase. However, the high investment requirement and non-affordability by the

individual farmer, especially the marginal and small, give way for custom services and

evolution of small agri-business entrepreneurs in the State

Acceptable adoption of organic farming in predominantly low agro-chemicals

consuming districts in tribal belts.

With production and productivity plateauing in irrigated areas elsewhere in the

country, the rain-fed areas of the state can be the vanguard of the second agriculture

revolution.

Industry based cultivations of wheat including export purpose for different purpose like

flour, bakery etc.

Challenges

Rural Population dependent on Agriculture:- Overall population depend on agriculture

was 71.5 % in 2001 which has reduced slightly to 69.8% in 2011. However the

proportion of rural population depending on agriculture has remained unchanged at

85.5% Thus from the livelihood perspective, the situation in Madhya Pradesh differs

greatly from that of national level due to high dependency of its population on

agriculture and allied sector as prime source of income and employment generation

.Surprisingly, the situation has not changed much in even decade

Low and skewed distribution of rainfall especially during monsoon and consequent

droughts and floods occurring often and inadequate infrastructure to control such

calamities, damages the standing crops heavily and affects the production.

Lack of Storage facility due to Increased Production :- It has been observed that though

the production and productivity of major crop in the state has increased over the years

but, again suffering due to in adequate storage facilities for procured food grain.



Low in Income Sector:-With the Line of discourse at the national level share of

agricultural and allied sector in state GDP has declined over the years and stood at

24.4%in 2012-13 at 2004-05 constant prices, although it has shown outstanding

performance in recent past .But due to poor backward and forward linkage availability

the cultivation process and also allied sector is becoming uneconomical.

Lack of Irrigation facility;- Though there is improvement in irrigation facilities in the

state in the recent past. as, the Gross Irrigated Area in Madhya Pradesh has increased

from 44.94 lakh ha in 2002-03 to 89.66 lakh ha in 2012-13 which is 38.58% of the Gross

Cropped Area in the State in 2012-13. It is very low compared to agriculturally

prosperous states like Punjab, Haryana and UP where irrigation facility is more than

50%.

Quitting agricultural profession due to price volatility with high fluctuations and non-

remunerative farm products and consequent non-profitability of the farm business.

The out – breaks of pests and diseases are often recurring in certain endemic areas of

the State. These pose the threat to the crops leading to complete loss to many farmers.

Depletion of ground water;-In the recent years, due to heavy pumping of ground-water

especially in summer and early Kharif seasons, the reversal of ground water flow

results in high cost for irrigation.

Fragmentation of Land holding:-Fast urbanization and industrialization and

indiscriminate conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural purposes; pose a great

threat of contraction of land put to agricultural uses and consequent reduction in

production. Fragmentation of land holding into smaller units is another cause of

concern ,resulting in increase in number of small and marginal farmers from 65% in

2000-01 to 71.5 in 2010-11

Spurious/substandard input material supply

Volatile prices / wide price fluctuations are the major threats that make the agricultural

proposition non-profitable and perforce the farmers to exit agricultural profession,

once for all and

Increasing quality parameters and food safety standards in domestic and export

markets

Training farmers on scientific farming.

Ensuring adequate supply of quality agro-inputs

Crack down on spurious farm products

Improve power and irrigation facilities

3.2 Horticulture Sector Strengths

Horticulture crops in general are high value crops in the State.Soil and climatic

conditions are highly favourable for raising varied horticultural crops.



The Department of Horticulture in the State has got the entire needed technical where-

withal, supported by a separate Horticulture College and Horticulture Research

Stations in the State.

Increasing industrialization and urbanization and consequent per capita income

increase create an effective internal and external demand for horticultural products,

which are supposed to be the protective foods in human nutrition.

The state has a very good potential of high value spices and condiments crops.

The state support for horticulture development in the form of National Horticulture

Mission and Spices Board is an added strength to grow a variety of horticultural crops.

Suitable land for all semi-arid tropic fruits orchards.

State Govt. has number of horticultural nurseries and vegetable seed production farm

Changing life style and food habits of the people especially in the context of

urbanization, industrialization and Information Technology revolution.

Popularizing use of green houses in horticultural crop production promotion to

innovations (greenhouse) at field level

Weaknesses

The major weakness is the high-cost of cultivation of high value horticultural crops

Most of the fruit crops are highly season-bound and hence the year-round production

is not possible

Lack of adequate demand for processed fruit and vegetable products and

infrastructure for processing value-added products

Inadequate network of horticultural extension machinery in the State

Highly perishable nature of horticulture products

Absence of advance research centre for fruit, vegetables and spices crops in the state.

Non-availability of potato seeds of farmer’s choice

Inadequate supply of quality planting material

Unscientific management of orange orchards

Non-existence of specialized training programmes for horticultural crops

Limited attention to market based research for value addition

Absence of appropriate insurance policies for vegetables /flower growing in protected

cultivation in poly houses and fruits crops also,

Large number of marginal and small farms

Majority of the farmers are having resource poor

Perishable nature of the farm products and the information asymmetry about market

and price trend favour the intermediaries and weaken the bargaining power of the

farmers. Ineffective storage structures at the farm level and consequent losses of

agricultural produce due to storage pests, including rats and dampness

The post-harvest losses have been estimated at 30 per cent for fruits and vegetables

where as 10 percent for food grains

Agri-processing Industries are yet to develop in a big way, and



Encouraging farmers to adopt micro irrigation system in best way .

Absence of cold chain development

Opportunities

As the urbanization, industrialization and the family income have shown an increasing

trend in the recent years, the effective demand for protective foods is growing. Hence

there exist ample opportunities to increase the fruit and vegetable production in the

State

Natural undulating land topography provides opportunities for development of

horticulture crops in the State

The tempo of liberalization of the economies in the world and the functioning of WTO

give impetus to the export of horticultural products

Season-bound production, highly perishable nature of products and the year round

demand provide excellent opportunity for the agro-processing entrepreneurs

Crop diversification from low-return field crops to high value horticultural crops is

another possible opportunity

Strengthening the existing marketing organizations

Deregulation of marketing activities

Construction of more Onion Storage pack houses at village level

Developing effective communication network

Capacity building among farmers through training and exposure visits

Development of cold chains for perishables

Strengthening storage system at farm level especially Pack Houses

Tapping the export markets and

Encouraging farmers for setting up green houses and MIS. Challenges

High-cost of high-tech cultivation of horticulture crops and low financial investment

capability of majority of farmers

Presence of rocky sub-soils and lack of awareness among the farmers pose severe

threat to many orchard farmers

High perish ability and inadequate post-harvest care also pose threat to grow

horticultural crops

Post-harvest glut of season-bound fruits and highly fluctuating prices are the other

threats confronted by horticultural farmers

Supply of good quality planting materials and input

Unstable market

Gap between supply and demand

Volatile prices / wide price fluctuations are the major threats that make the agricultural

proposition non-profitable and perforce the farmers to exit agricultural profession,

once for all, and



Increasing quality parameters and food safety standards in domestic and export

markets

Climatic change & low rainfall leads to insufficient irrigation facilities.

3.3 Agriculture Engineering Weakness

Lower level of resource management due to low farm power availability

Challenges

Low Level of Farm Mechanization

Production and productivity of crop in a particular area is directly related to level of farm

mechanisation level in the area Due to fragmented holding .poor economic conditions and

reluctance in accepting modern technology the mechanisation level in the state could not

improved to a desired level, At the end of the year2010-11 the farm mechanisation level could

not reach to 1.15 kw/ha only Therefore improving the scenario of farm mechanization will be

on of the major challenges before our state

3.4 Animal Husbandry Sector Strengths

Sizeable cattle population in the State

Increasing cross-bred cows population

Eagerness of SHGs on dairying

Readily available bank credit

Ready market for fluid milk and its by-products

Involvement of private dairy is also on the increase in milk procurement and

distribution

Very high export potential for hides and skins

The availability of fairly large number of veterinary institutions along with

infrastructure facilities

Propensity of dairy farmers to market the surplus milk through co-operatives and excellent

network of dairy co-operatives Availability of superior germ plasm with high exotic blood levels

and Availability of fairly a large number of Artificial Insemination Centres in the State.

Weaknesses

Shortage of green fodder to the tune of above 80 per cent of the requirement

Lack of adequate knowledge on enriching the available dry fodder with nutrient

supplements

Lack of knowledge among the farmers on hygienic milk production, scientific rearing of

calves and management of cross bred cows during advanced pregnancy period

Insufficient cold chain management of vaccines

Poor quality control system

Problems in controlling the disease out-breaks

Improper housing and frequent incidence of diseases



Poor slaughter facilities

Non-availability of veterinary services within the easy reach of the farmers due to

insufficient technical manpower

Delayed conceivement, shy bearing in buffaloes and limited percentage of artificial

insemination success and

Decreasing buffalo population

Opportunities

Constantly increasing demand for milk and milk products from both domestic and

export markets

The performance of genetically up-graded non-descript local breeds are quite

promising in terms of increased milk productivity

Financial institutions, especially the commercial banks, are liberal in extending credit

facilities for starting mini-dairy farms

Technological empowerment on scientific dairy farming among farmers / rural women

to boost milk production

Presence of well – knit SHGs all over the State and

Availability of well-knit co-operative milk marketing system and the growth of private

procurement and distribution business units

Challenges

Diminishing grazing land area in the recent times

High incidence of mastitis and loss of milk productivity

Increasing cost of feeds

Non-availability of labour and high labour cost and

Sudden outbreaks of diseases like Anthrax, black quarter, foot and mouth disease, etc.

3.5 Fisheries Sector Strengths

Madhya Pradesh is blessed with good number of perennial rivers viz., Narmada, Tawa,

Wainganga, Denwa, Betwa, Pench, Hirri, Sagar, Ken, Son, Johila, Budner, Haloan, Pench,

Jam and Machna

Diversified flora and fauna to support sweat water psiculture

The inland fishery sprawls over vast water spread area comprising reservoirs, major

irrigation and long seasonal tanks, short seasonal tanks and ponds

Many fishermen cooperatives are functioning in the State. The fisheries policy of the

state is cooperatives based. The state has 1617 primary cooperatives societies and one

apex body, i.e. Madhya Pradesh Fisheries Federation, which is engaged in fisheries

development in the state

Sizable fishermen / fisher women population in the State and



The state has one fisheries training centre, one research unit of fisheries development

and various research station of the Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR)

provide research, extension and training support to the state fisheries department

from time to time.

Weaknesses

Majority of water bodies received water only during monsoon season

Inadequate infrastructure facilities for seed production, rearing, and marketing

Fish culture in natural and small water systems is being practiced by stock and harvest

method and not by scientific culture method

Insufficient post-harvest facility like cold storage and fish processing unit near the site

Low fish productivity of tanks

Inadequate fish seed production and non-availability of stock size quality fish seeds

throughout the year

Insufficient funds to fish seed rearing centres

Inadequate training packages on fish culture, breeding and seed rearing, feed

formulation and fish diseases diagnosis, etc.

Insufficient area for fish seed production

Lack of hygienic handling of fish in marketing

Low infrastructure support for artisanal fisherman impede the growth in fish

production

Under-utilization of short seasonal tanks and

Conflicting demand on available water

Opportunities

Large scale river aquaculture is possible

Ample opportunities for developing fish product based industries on large scale with

greater rigor.

Effective utilization of short seasonal tanks and ponds in the network of inland water

ways for fish production and

Establishment of large scale seed production and supply centres.

Integrating fish farming with rain-water harvesting.

Challenges

Frequent monsoon failures, are the natural hazards that pose major threats to the

growth of the fishery industry as a whole

Inadequate infrastructure for seed production discourages the farmers in taking up

fresh water fish culture

High siltation of tanks and water ways and lack of periodic de-silting activities.

Managing conflicting demand for water.



CHAPTER IV

MADHYA PRADESH: VISION 2020

Vision Statement “IMPROVING LIVELIHOOD OF RURAL HOUSEHOLS BY REBALANCING AGRICULTURE THROUGH CONSERVING AGRICULTURE AND AN INTEGRATED DIVERSIFIED FARMING SYSTEM” India has made impressive strides on the agricultural front during the last three decades. Much

of the credit for this success should go to the several million small farming families that form

the backbone of Indian agriculture and economy. Policy support, production strategies, public

investment in infrastructure, research and extension for crop, livestock and fisheries have

significantly helped to increase food production and its availability. During the last 30 years,

India’s food grain production nearly doubled from 102 million tons in the triennium ending

1973 to nearly 264.77 million tons (mt) in the year 2013-14. Virtually all of the increase in the

production resulted from yield gains rather than expansion of cultivated area. The per capita

net availability of food grains was 444 grams per day in 2009, 437.1 grams per day in 2010 and

462.9 grams per day in 2011, even as the country’s population is growing.

The Indian agriculture sector accounts for 13.9 per cent of India's gross domestic product

(GDP) and employs just a little less than 54.6 per cent of the country's workforce. The

Department of Agriculture and Cooperation under the Ministry of Agriculture is the nodal

organization responsible for the development of the agriculture sector in India. The Immediate

challenge to the Ministry of Agriculture is to sustain the increasing agricultural output of the

country in the coming years.

4.1 Indian Agriculture at a Glance Agriculture continues to be the backbone of Indian economy.

Agriculture sector employs 54.6% of the total workforce.

The total Share of Agriculture & Allied Sectors (Including Agriculture, Livestock, and

forestry and fishery sub sectors) in terms of percentage of Gross Domestic Product is

13.9 percent during 2013-14 at 2004-05 prices. [As per the estimates released by

Central Statistics Office]

For the 12th Plan (2012-17), a growth target of 4 percent has been set for the

Agriculture Sector

As per the 4th Advance Estimates of Production of food grains for 2013-14, total food

grain production is estimated to be 264.77 Million Tonnes. Availability of food grains

per person was 444.0 grams per day in 2009, 437.1 grams/day in 2008, 453.6 grams a

day in 2011 before plunging to 450.3 grams per person per day in 2012, increased from

452 gm/capita/day to over 476 gm/capita/day, even as the country's population almost

doubled, swelling from 548 million to nearly 1000 million.



Increased agricultural productivity and rapid industrial growth in the recent years have

contributed to a significant reduction in poverty level, from 55 percent in 1973 to 26

percent in 1998. Despite the impressive growth and development, India is still home to

the largest number of poor people of the world. With about 250 million below the

poverty line, India accounts for about one-fifth of the world’s poor. Child malnutrition

extracts its highest toll in this country. About 25% children suffer from serious

malnutrition. More than 50 percent of the pre-school children and pregnant women

are anaemic. The depth of hunger among the undernourished is also high.

India has high population pressure on land and other resources to meet its food and

development needs. The natural resource base of land, water and bio-diversity is under

severe pressure. The massive increase in population (despite the slowing down of the

rate of growth) and substantial income growth, demand an extra about 2.5 mt of food

grains annually, besides significant increases needed in the supply of livestock, fish and

horticultural products. Under the assumption of 3.5% growth in per capita GDP (low

income growth scenario), demand for food grains (including feed, seed, wastage and

export) is projected in the year 2020 at the level of 256 mt comprising 112mt of rice,

82mt of wheat, 39mt of coarse grains and 22mt of pulses. The demand for sugar, fruits,

vegetables, and milk is estimated to grow to a level 33mt, 77mt, 136mt and 116mt

respectively. The demand for meat is projected at 9mt, fish 11mt and eggs 77.5 billion

(Table 1).

Future increases in the production of cereals and non-cereal agricultural commodities

will have to be essentially achieved through increases in productivity, as the

possibilities of expansion of area and livestock population are minimal. To meet the

projected demand in the year 2020, country must attain a per hectare yield of 2.7 tons

for rice, 3.1 tons for wheat, 2.1 tons for maize, 1.3 tons for coarse cereals, 2.4 tons for

cereal, 1.3 tons for pulses, 22.3 tons for potato, 25.7 for vegetables, and 24.1 tons for

fruits. The production of livestock and poultry products must be improved 61% for milk,

76% for meat, 91% for fish, and 169% for eggs by the year 2020 over the base year TE

1999. Average yields of most crops in India are still rather low.

Table 4.1: Demand for Agricultural Commodities

Item Achieved TE 1997-99 Demand in 2020 (million tons)

Yield target in 2020

Area (Million ha)

Production (Million tons)

Yield (Kg/ha)

LIG HIG LIG HIG

Rice 42.2 85.7 1903 112.4 111.9 2664 2652

Wheat 26.2 69.1 2582 82.3 79.9 3137 3045

Coarse cereal 30.7 30.4 1041 38.9 37.3 1268 1214

Cereal 99.1 185.2 1814 233.6 229.0 2357 2311

Pulses 21.7 13.8 608 22.3 23.8 1029 1095

Food grains 120.8 199.0 1595 255.9 252.8 2119 2092

Edible oil 28.6 6.4 269 10.8 11.4 379.7 399



Potato 1.2 21.6 17188 27.8 30.6 22279 24566

Vegetables 5.3 74.5 14204 135.6 168.0 25673 31812

Fruits 3.2 43.0 13437 77.0 93.6 24064 29259

Sugarcane Gur

3.7 26.9 7006 32.6 33.7 8788 9088

Milk - 71.2 - 115.8 137.3 - -

Meat - 5.0 - 8.8 11.4 - -

Eggs number - 2873 - 7750 10000 - -

Fish - 5.3 - 10.1 12.8 - -

Source: Food Production and Demand in South Asia. Agril. Econ. Res. Rev. 13(1):1-24.

LIG: Low income growth 3.5% per capita GDP growth

HIG: High income growth 5.5% per capita GDP growth

Demand includes export 4.7mt rice, 3.6 mt wheat, and vegetables 2.2 mt fruits 1.4mt And fish

0.49 mt.

4.2 Emerging Trends

The agriculture sector recorded satisfactory growth due to improved technology,

irrigation, inputs and pricing policies. Livestock, poultry, fisheries and horticulture are

surging ahead in production growth in recent years and will have greater demand in

the future. Industrial and service sectors have expanded faster than agriculture sector

resulting in declining share of agriculture in national accounts. Despite the structural

change, agriculture still remains a key sector, providing both employment and

livelihood opportunities to more than 70 percent of the country's population who live

in rural areas. The contribution of small farmers to the national and household food

security has been steadily increasing. The water availability for agricultural uses has

reached a critical level and deserves urgent attention of all concerned.

Madhya Pradesh too just like other states of the country has high population pressure

on land and other resources to meet its food and development needs. The natural

resource base of land, water and bio-diversity is under severe pressure. Food demand

challenges ahead are formidable considering the non-availability of favourable factors

of past growth, fast declining factor productivity in major cropping systems and rapidly

shrinking resource base.

Vast uncommon opportunities to harness agricultural potential still remain, which can

be tapped to achieve future targets. There are serious gaps both in yield potential and

technology transfer as the state average yields of most of the commodities are low,

which if addressed properly could be harnessed.

Concentration was on enhanced production of a few commodities like rice and wheat,

which could quickly contribute to increased total food and agricultural production. This

resulted in considerable depletion of natural resources and the rainfed dry areas having

maximum concentration of resource poor farmers remained ignored, aggravating

problems of inequity and regional imbalances. This also led to a high concentration of

malnourished people in these rainfed, low productive areas. This era also witnessed



rapid loss of soil nutrients, agro-biodiversity including indigenous land races and

breeds.

The agriculture policy must accelerate all-round development and economic viability of

agriculture in comprehensive terms. Farmers must be provided the necessary support,

encouragement and incentives. It must focus both on income and greater on-farm and

off-farm job and livelihood opportunities.

4.3 Main Issues In State priority setting, the following recurring and emerging issues for sustainable

agricultural development and poverty alleviation must be considered:

Population pressure and demographic transition;

Resource base degradation and water scarcity;

Investment in agriculture, structural adjustment and impact on the poor;

Globalization and implication on the poor;

Modern science and technology and support to research and technology development;

and

Rapid urbanization and urbanization of poverty, and deceleration in rural poverty

reduction.

While addressing the above issues, a statement on agriculture must take note of the

following uncommon opportunities:

Conservation of natural resources and protection of environment.

Vast untapped potential of our soil and water resources, and farming systems

Technology revolution especially in the areas of molecular biology, biotechnology,

ecology and management.

Revolution in informatics and communication and the opportunity of linking farmers,

extension workers and scientists with the national and international databases

4.4 Vision The Agriculture vision document of Madhya Pradesh must articulate a clear vision on following

few basic parameters of the agricultural sector around which a doable framework must be

developed.

Organization of agriculture: A clear long-term vision where inter-sectoral linkages are

explicit.

Sustainability and natural resource management: Prescription must lie in the domain of

political economy. Otherwise, allocating funds for agriculture and allied sector, and so

on will not produce desired results.

Institutional involvement: document must spell out new approaches and involvement

of corporate institutions free from the shackles of bureaucratic and self-help

framework.

Investment priorities: There is a need to develop a consensus on investment themes,

priorities and policies. Document must lend strength to the claim for greater



investment in rural areas, and also re-examine its programmes in the light of

complementarities.

Incentives: Document must articulate a clear vision on the incentive framework.

Innovation & Risk management

4.5 Challenges, Policies and Strategies (a) Enhancing Yield of Major Commodities: Yield of major crops and livestock in the region is

much lower than that in the rest of the country. Considering that the frontiers of expansion of

cultivated area are limited in the region, the future increase in food production to meet the

continuing high demand must come from increase in yield. There is a need to strengthen

adaptive research and technology assessment, refinement and transfer capabilities of the

state so that the existing wide technology transfer gaps are bridged. For this, an appropriate

network of extension service needs to be created to stimulate and encourage both top-down

and bottom-up flows of information between farmers, extension workers, and research

scientists to promote the generation, adoption, and evaluation of location specific farm

technologies. Ample scope exists for increasing genetic yield potential of a large number of

vegetables, fruits as well as other food crops and livestock and fisheries products. Besides

maintenance breeding, greater effort should be made towards developing hybrid varieties as

well as varieties suitable for export purposes. Agronomic and soil researches in the region

need to be intensified to address location specific problems as factor productivity growth is

decelerating in major production regimes. Research on Rice/Wheat, coarse grains, pulses and

oilseeds must achieve a production breakthrough. Hybrid rice, single cross hybrids of maize

and pigeonpea hybrids offer new opportunities. Soybean, sunflower will help in meeting

future oil demands successfully. Forest cover must be preserved to keep off climatic

disturbances and to provide enough of fuel and fodder. Milk, meat and draught capacity of our

animals needs to be improved quickly through better management practices.

(b) Integrated nutrient management: Attention should be given to balanced use of nutrients.

Phosphorus deficiency is now the most widespread soil fertility problem in both irrigated and

unirrigated areas. Correcting the distortion in relative prices of primary fertilizers could help

correct the imbalances in the use of primary plant nutrients-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potash

and use of bio-fertilizers. To improve efficiency of fertilizer use, what is really needed is

enhanced location-specific research on efficient fertilizer practices (such as balanced use of

nutrients, correct timing and placement of fertilizers, and, wherever necessary, use of

bio/organic nutrients, micronutrient and soil amendments), improvement in soil testing

services, development of improved fertilizer supply and distribution systems, and

development of physical and institutional infrastructure.

(c) Arresting deceleration in total factor productivity: Public investment in irrigation,

infrastructure development (road, electricity), research and extension and efficient use of

water and plant nutrients are the dominant sources of TFP growth. The sharp deceleration in

total investment and more so in public sector investment in agriculture is the main cause for

the deceleration. This has resulted in the slow-down in the growth of irrigated area and a



sharp deceleration in the rate of growth of fertiliser consumption. The most serious effect of

deceleration in total investment has been on agricultural research and extension. This trend

must be reversed as the projected increase in food and non-food production must accrue

essentially through increasing yield per hectare. Recognising that there are serious yield gaps

and there are already proven paths for increasing productivity, it is very important for Madhya

Pradesh to maintain a steady growth rate in total factor productivity. As the TFP increases, the

cost of production decreases and the prices also decrease and stabilise. Both producer and

consumer share the benefits. The fall in food prices will benefit the urban and rural poor more

than the upper income groups, because the former spend a much larger proportion of their

income on cereals than the latter. All the efforts need to be concentrated on accelerating

growth in TFP, whilst conserving natural resources and promoting ecological integrity of

agricultural system. More than half of the required growth in yield to meet the target of

demand must be met from research efforts by developing location specific and low input use

technologies with the emphasis on the regions where the current yields are below the

required national average yield.

Literacy had a positive and significant relation with crop productivity and a strong link exists

between literacy and farm modernisation. A study some time back, conducted by IARI , has

shown that literacy emerged as an important source of growth in adoption of technology, use

of modern inputs like machines, fertilisers, and yield. Recognising that in the liberalised

economic environment, efficiency and growth orientation will attract maximum attention.

Literacy will play a far more important role in the globalised world than it did in the past.

Contribution of literacy, through TFP, will be substantial on yield growth and domestic supply.

As future agriculture will increasingly be science-led and will require modern economic

management, high return to investment on education is expected.

The investments that are good for agricultural growth-technology and its dissemination, rural

infrastructure (roads), education and irrigation - amount to a 'win-win' strategy for reducing

rural poverty by also increasing the non-farm economy and raising rural wages. Creating

infrastructure in less developed areas, better management of infrastructure and introduction

of new technologies can further enhance resource productivity and TFP. Generation and

effective assessment and diffusion of packages of appropriate technologies involving system

and programme based approach, participatory mechanisms, greater congruency between

productivity and sustainability through integrated pest management and integrated soil-

water-irrigation-nutrient management should be aggressively promoted to bridge the yield

gaps in most field crops. Besides this, efforts must be in place to defend the gains and to make

new gains particularly through the congruence of gene revolution, informatics revolution,

management revolution and eco-technology.

Many observers have expressed concern that technological gains have not occurred in a

number of crops, notably coarse cereals, pulses and in rainfed areas. Recent analysis on TFP

growth based on cost of cultivation data does not prove this perception (Table 2). In all the 18

major crops considered in the analysis, several states have recorded positive TFP growth. This

is spread over major cereals, coarse grains, pulses, oilseeds, fibres, vegetables, etc. In most



cases, in the major producing states, rainfed crops also, showed productivity gains. There is

thus strong evidence that technological change has generally pervaded the entire crop sector.

There are, of course, crops and states where technological stagnation or decline is apparent

and these are the priorities for present and future agricultural research. Farming system

research to develop location specific technologies and strategy to make grey areas green by

adopting three-pronged approach - watershed management, hybrid technology and small

farm mechanisation will accelerate growth. It is necessary to enlarge the efforts for promoting

available dry land technologies. Promoting efficient fertiliser practices, improving soil-testing

services, strengthening distribution channel of critical inputs specially quality seed and

development of physical and institutional infrastructure will help resource-poor farmers.

(d) Bridging Yield Gaps: Vast untapped potential in the yield exists for all crops in most of the

districts accounting for more than three-fourths of crop area. Emphasis must be given to the

districts in which current yield levels are below the state average yield.

For wheat we must focus mainly on Hoshangabad, Vidisha, Sehore, Raisen, Rewa, Ashoknagar,

which are accounting for 68% of wheat area. Similarly Balaghat, Katni, Mandla, Seoni are the

priority districts accounting for 66% of rice area which need emphasis on bridging yield gaps to

attain target demand and yield growth. For coarse cereals, major emphasis must be given

Guna, Gwalior, Ashoknagar, Betul etc. To meet the demand for pulses greater emphasis is

needed in almost all the districts with particular focus on Chhattarpur, Tikamgarh,

Narsinghpur, Dindori etc. which have three-fourths of total pulse area. The target growth in

pulse yield from these districts annually must be more than 6 per cent; otherwise the state

and nation will experience shortage of pulses for all times to come. The task of attaining self-

sufficient in pulses production looks difficult without area expansion and irrigation. In cases of

oilseeds greater emphasis is needed on districts to increase the yield by about 4 per cent. The

possibilities of developing processing industry for extracting edible oils from non-oilseeds

commodities, like rice bran, etc, needing to be explored. The introduction of palm cultivation

for oil production may release pressure on traditional oilseeds crops to meet future edible oil

demand.

In case of sugarcane, political willingness of the government and research and development

efforts are to be strengthened in the state, to increase the yields per hectare by about 4% per

annum. The demand for sugar can also be met by developing mini sugar mills so that

substantial sugarcane production can be diverted from Khandsari to sugar production. This

may also help release some sugarcane area to other crops. Cotton crop requires greater yield

improvement emphasis on 81 per cent of the cotton area Khargone, Barwani and Burhanpur.

(e) Climate change and Agriculture Development: Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate

Change has projected that by the end of this century, global earth temperature is likely to

increase by 1.8o to 4.0°C. This would lead to more frequent hot extremes, floods, droughts,

cyclones, and recession of glaciers. Dynamics of pests and diseases would be significantly

altered. The projected increase in these events will result in greater instability in food

production and will threaten farmers’ livelihood security. Producing enough food for increased

demand against the background of changing climate scenario is a challenging task for



agricultural research & development. This would require increased adaptation and mitigation

research & development interventions, capacity-building, changes in policies, regional and

national as well as global co-operation.

(f) Water for Sustainable Food Security: Madhya Pradesh just like other states will be

required to produce more and more from less and less land. This will be possible with tapping

more water resources for agriculture production.. Alarming rates of ground water depletion

and serious environmental and social problems of some of the major irrigation projects on one

hand, and the multiple benefits of irrigation water in enhancing production and productivity,

food security, poverty alleviation, as mentioned earlier, are well known to be further

elaborated here: In India, water availability per capita was over 5000 cubic meters (m3) per

annum in 1950. It now stands at around 2000 m3 and is projected to decline to 1500 m3 by

2025. Further, the quality of available water is deteriorating. Also, there are gross inequalities

between basins and geographic regions.

Agriculture is the biggest user of water, accounting for about 80 percent of the water

withdrawals. There are pressures for diverting water from agriculture to other sectors. A study

has warned that re-allocations’ of water out of agriculture can have a dramatic impact on

global food markets. It is projected that availability of water for agricultural use in India may be

reduced by 21 percent by 2020, resulting: in drop of yields of irrigated crops, especially rice,

thus price rise and withdrawal of food from poor masses. Policy reforms are needed from now

to avoid the negative developments in the years to come. These reforms may include the

establishment of secure water rights to users, the decentralization and privatization of water,

management functions to appropriate levels, pricing reforms, markets in tradable property

rights, and the introduction of appropriate water-savings technologies.

The needs of other sectors for water cannot be ignored. Therefore it is necessary that an

integrated water use policy is formulated and judiciously implemented. Several international

initiatives on this aspect have been taken in recent years. Our state should critically examine

these initiatives and develop its state - specific system for judicious and integrated use and

management of water. An institution should be established to assess the various issues,

regulatory concerns, water laws and legislations, research and technology development and

dissemination, social mobilization and participatory and community involvement, including

gender and equity concerns and economic aspects.

(g) Emphasis on Rainfed Ecosystem: Resource-poor farmers in the rainfed ecosystems practice

less-intensive agriculture, and since their incomes depend on local agriculture, they benefit

little from increased food production in irrigated areas. To help them, efforts must be

increased to disseminate available dry land technologies and to generate new ones. It will be

necessary to enlarge the efforts for promoting available dry land technologies, increasing the

stock of this knowledge, and removing pro-irrigation biases in public investment and

expenditure, as well as credit flows, for technology-based agricultural growth. Watershed

development for raising yields of rainfed crops and widening of seed revolution to cover

oilseeds, pulses, fruits and vegetables crops.. Farming system research to develop location

specific technologies must be intensified in the rainfed areas. Strategy to make grey areas



green will lead to second Green Revolution, which would demand three-pronged strategy -

watershed management, hybrid technology and small farm mechanisation.

(h) Accent on Diversification of Agriculture and Value Addition: In the face of shrinking

natural resources and ever increasing demand for larger food and agricultural production

arising due to high population and income growths, agricultural intensification is the main

course of future growth of agriculture in the region. Research for product diversification

should be yet another important area. Besides developing technologies for promoting

intensification, the country must give greater attention to the development of technologies

that will facilitate agricultural diversification particularly towards intensive production of fruits,

vegetables, flowers and other high value crops that are expected to increase income growth

and generate effective demand for food. The per capita availability of arable land is quite low

and declining over time. Diversification towards these high value and labour intensive

commodities can provide adequate income and employment to the farmers dependent on

small size of farms. Due importance should be given to quality and nutritional aspects. High

attention should be given to develop post-harvest handling and agro-processing and value

addition technologies not only to reduce the heavy post-harvest losses and also improve

quality through proper storage, packaging, handling and transport. The role of biotechnology

in post-harvest management and value addition deserves to be enhanced.

(i) Accent on Post-Harvest Management, Value Addition and Cost-Effectiveness: Post-harvest

losses generally range from 5 to 10 percent for non-perishables and about 30 percent for

perishables. This loss could be and must be minimized. Let us remember, a grain saved is a

grain produced. Emphasis should therefore be placed to develop post-harvest handling, agro-

processing and value-addition technologies not only to prevent the high losses, but also to

improve quality through proper storage, packaging, handling and transport. With the thrust on

globalization and increasing competitiveness, this approach will improve the agricultural

export contribution of India, which is proportionately extremely low. Cost-effectiveness in

production and post-harvest handling through the application of latest technologies will be a

necessity. The agro-processing facilities should preferably be located close to the points of

production in rural areas, which will greatly promote off-farm employment. Such centres of

processing and value addition will encourage production by masses against mass production in

factories located in urban areas. Agricultural cooperatives and Gram Panchayats must play a

leading role in this effort. In doing so, the needs of small farmers should be kept in mind.

(j) Increased corporate/Private Investment in Agriculture and Infrastructures: The public

investment in agriculture has been declining and is one of the main reasons behind the

declining productivity and low capital formation in the agriculture sector. With the burden on

productivity - driven growth in the future, this worrisome trend must be reversed. Private

investment in agriculture has also been slow and must be stimulated through appropriate

policies. Considering that nearly 70 percent of India still lives in villages, agricultural growth

will continue to be the engine of broad-based economic growth and development as well as of

natural resource conservation, leave alone food security and poverty alleviation. Accelerated

investments are needed to facilitate agricultural and rural development through:



Productivity increasing varieties of crops, breeds of livestock, strains of microbes and

efficient packages of technologies, particularly those for land and water management,

for obviating biotic, a biotic, socio-economic and environmental constraints;

Yield increasing and environmentally -friendly production and post-harvests and

value-addition technologies;

Reliable and timely availability of quality inputs at reasonable prices, institutional and

credit supports, especially for small and resource-poor farmers, and support to land

and water resources development;

Effective and credible technology, procurement, assessment and transfer and

extension system involving appropriate linkages and partnerships; again with an

emphasis on reaching the small farmers;

Improved institutional and credit support and increased rural employment

opportunities, including those through creating agriculture-based rural agro-processing

and agro-industries, improved rural infrastructures, including access to information,

and effective markets, farm to market roads and related infrastructure;

Particular attention to the needs and participation of women farmers; and

Primary educations, health care, clean drinking water, safe sanitation, adequate

nutrition, particularly for children (including through mid-day meal at schools) and

women.

The above investments will need to be supported through appropriate policies that do

not discriminate against agriculture and the rural poor. Given the increasing role of

small farmers in food security and poverty alleviation, development efforts must be

geared to meet the needs and potential of such farmers through their active

participation in the growth process.

Government should facilitate and support community level action by private voluntary

organizations, including farmers groups aimed at improving food security, reducing

poverty, and assuring sustainability in the management of natural resources. In

addition, governments should enhance efforts to ensure good nutrition and access to

sufficient food for all through primary health care and education for all.

Increased attention will also have to be given to development of sustainable systems

that protect the natural resource base. Recent evidence of resource degradation and

declining productivity in some intensively cropped areas is of particular concern. Also

population driven intensification of agriculture without the use of external inputs, is

leading to a serious problem of mining soil fertility

Mobilize the best of science and development efforts (including traditional knowledge

and modern scientific approach) through partnerships involving national and

international research institutions, NGOs, farmers' organizations and private sector in

order to tackle the present and future problems of food security and production.

Donors and Government must urgently increase funding for agricultural research

targeted at the needs of the rural and urban poor, and every effort must be made to



ensure the free flow of information, technology and germplasm so that a proper

sustainable agriculture can be achieved.

(k) Accent on Empowering the Small Farmers: Contributions of small holders in securing

food for growing population have increased considerably even though they are most

insecure and vulnerable group in the society. The off-farm and non-farm employment

opportunities can play an important role. Against expectation under the liberalized

scenario, the non-agricultural employment in rural areas has not improved. Greater

emphasis needs to be placed on non-farm employment and appropriate budgetary

allocations and rural credit through banking systems should be in place to promote

appropriate rural enterprises. Specific human resource and skill development programmes

to train them will make them better decision-makers and highly productive. Human

resource development for increasing productivity of these small holders should get high

priority. Thus, knowledge and skill development of rural people both in agriculture and

non-agriculture sectors is essential for achieving economic and social goals. A careful

balance will therefore need to be maintained between the agricultural and non-agricultural

employment and farm and non-farm economy, as the two sectors are closely inter-

connected.

Raising agricultural productivity requires continuing investments in human resource

development, agricultural research and development, improved information and

extension, market, roads and related infrastructure development and efficient small-

scale, farmer-controlled irrigation technologies, and custom hiring services. Such

investments would give small farmers the options and flexibility to adjust and respond

to market conditions.

For poor farm-households whose major endowment is its labour force, economic

growth with equity will give increased entitlement by offering favourable markets for

its products and more employment opportunities. Economic growth if not managed

suitably, can lead to growing inequalities. Agrarian reforms to alleviate unequal access

to land, compounded by unequal access to water, credit, knowledge and markets, have

not only rectified income distribution but also resulted in sharp increases in

productivity and hence need to be adopted widely. Further, targeted measures that

not only address the immediate food and health care requirements of disadvantaged

groups, but also provide them with developmental means, like access to inputs,

infrastructure, services and most important, education should be taken.

Identification of need-based productive programs is very critical, which can be explored

through characterisation of production environment. We have to develop demand-

driven and location-specific programs to meet the requirements of different regions to

meet the nutritional security of most vulnerable population in the rural areas.

Improved agricultural technology, irrigation, livestock sector and literacy will be most

important instruments for improving the nutritional security of the farm-households.

Watershed development and water saving techniques will have far reaching

implications in increasing agricultural production and raising calorie intake in the



rainfed areas. Livestock sector should receive high priority with multiple objectives of

diversifying agriculture, raising income and meeting the nutritional security of the poor

farm households. Need based and location-specific community programs, which

promise to raise nutritional security, should be identified and effectively implemented.

Expansion of micro credit programmes for income-generation activities, innovative

approaches to promote family planning and providing primary health services to

people and livestock and education should enhance labour productivity and adoption

of new technologies. Development of the post-harvest sector, co-operatives, roads,

education, and research and development should be an investment priority. A

congenial policy environment is needed to enable smaller holders to take the

advantage of available techniques of production, which can generate more incomes

and employment in villages. For this poor farmer needs the support of necessary

services in the form of backward and forward linkages. Small-mechanised tools, which

minimise drudgery and do not reduce employment, but only add value to the working

hours are needed to enhance labour productivity. Special safety nets should be

designed and implemented for them. Can agricultural co-operatives internalise and

galvanize these marginal and excluded people? Off-farm employment provided

through co-operatives will go a long way in pulling them out of the state where poverty

breeds poverty. Therefore, investment in the empowerment of the small landholders

will pay off handsomely. Let us create rural centres of production and processing by

masses through co-operatives or empowerment of Gram Panchayats to promote co-

operatives. This will improve efficiency of input and output marketing and give higher

income. There is need to disseminate widely post-harvest handling and agro-processing

and value addition technologies not only to reduce the heavy post-harvest losses but

also improve quality through proper storage, packaging, handling and transport.

Panchayati Raj institutions and co-operatives can play significant role in all these

directions. Giving them power over the administration, as contemplated under the 73rd

and 74th Amendment of the Constitution has not been implemented seriously so far in

any of the states.

(l) Disaster Management: The frequency and intensity of disasters such as floods, droughts,

cyclones and earthquakes have increased in the recent years. The devastating earthquake in

Gujarat has brought untold miseries to the whole state and caused a national disaster.

Special effort should be made to develop appropriate technologies for increasing

preparedness to predict and to manage the disasters.

Effective and reliable information and communication systems, contingency planning

and national and international mobilization of technologies and resources are a must.

Experiences of other countries in prevention and management of the disasters should

be shared.

(m) Exploiting Cyberspace: Information is power and will underpin future progress and

prosperity. Efforts must be made to strengthen the informatics in agriculture by developing

new databases, linking databases with international databases and adding value to



information to facilitate decision making at various levels. Development of production models

for various agro-ecologically regimes to forecast the, production potential should assume

greater importance. Using the remote sensing and GIS technologies, Natural and other

agricultural resource should be mapped at micro and macro levels and effectively used for land

and water use planning as well as agricultural forecasting, market intelligence and e-business’,

contingency planning and prediction of disease and pest incidences.



Chapter V

MAJOR CONSTRAINTS & DEVELOPMENT ISSUES FOR SAIDP

Madhya Pradesh is endowed with varying climatic condition soil and diverse cropping

pattern as its natural base has done significant progress and development in Agriculture and

allied sector. The constraints and development issues with respect to Infrastructure

Development in Agriculture and allied sectors are identified and many of them have been

included in the state plan and also made the part of this document. These constraints and

developmental issues need to be addressed in RKVY being part of SAIDP. The major constraints

and developmental issues can be summarized as follows :-

5.1 Agriculture sector

Agriculture holdings are small and marginal in nature, resulting low paying capacity of

the farmers.

Approximately 65% cropped area is rain fed.

Vagaries of Monsoon and frequent natural calamities.

Lack of training facilities for farmers and extension functionaries.

Heavy runoff with Soil erosion.

Depletion of ground water.

Lack of quality control laboratories for all inputs like Seed, Fertilizer ,Pesticides etc.

Lack of adequate mechanism for determining soil health.

Unorganized and dilapidated Government farms for seed production.

Dissemination and transfer of agriculture technology is inadequate

Less Mechanization

Lack of IT facilities at Village or at least Block level.

Lack of HRD facilities at state to support updating officers of Agriculture and allied

departments.

5.2 Agriculture Mechanization:-

Agriculture holdings are small and marginal in nature, therefore advanced mechanized

farming practices can not be implemented.

Inadequate implement testing facilities in the state.

Lack of skill development facilities.

Lack of fabrication units and facilities at rural level to facilitate farmers.

Inadequate repairing facilities in rural areas for tractor and implements.

5.3 Animal Husbandry :-

Acute shortage of green fodder and silage.

Diminishing pasture and grazing lands.

Infertility problems specially in cross breed animals.

Lack of animal treatment centers.

Inadequate net work of Dairy Network in the state.

Inadequate facilities for processing and milk chilling plants



Lack of marketing infrastructure for dairy products.

5.4 Horticulture:-

Inadequate storage facilities for perishable and non perishable horticulture produce.

Lack of training facilities for extension functionaries and farmers.

Lack of marketing network and cold storage.

Lack of seed production technology and nursery infrastructure required for seed and

planting material production.

Lack of advance production related infrastructure.

5.5 Fishery :-

Improvement of processing infrastructure facilities

Development of cold / refrigerated / insulated transport facilities

Development of retailing services and retail points

Provision of fishing gadgets at subsidized prices

Lack of training facilities to fish farmers.

Strengthening infrastructural facilities for fish landing

Reduction of post-harvest losses

Encouragement of integrated fish farming, cage farming and several leg fish Farming

and Production of artificial reefs

Lack of adequate and appropriate infrastructural facilities in catching and landing

Seasonal water availability in the inland water bodies and Inadequate marketing

infrastructure including retail outlets.

5.6 Cooperative:-

Inadequate funds availability for Strengthening of infrastructure facilities for PACS.

Inadequate storage facilities for food grain procurement.

Inadequate funds availability for the strengthening of FPO/FPC in the regular budget.

inadequate funds availability for other infrastructures.



Chapter- VI

ON GOING SCHEMES AND INTERVENTIONS REQUIRED FOR

INFRASTRUCTURE 6.1 Agriculture:- 6.1.1 On-going Schemes The different broad based schemes having latest trend of interventions are being implemented

with Centre and State finances and assistance. The following listed Missions & Schemes are

implemented for increasing productivity of different crops and cropping system. The subsidies

and other benefits included in these Missions & schemes are passed on to the farmers for

achieving the trend of higher productivity

The schemes sponsored by the State and Central Governments as implemented by the

Department of Agriculture in Madhya Pradesh are given in below.

Centre Sponsored Schemes and Missions 1. National Food Security Mission comprising rice, wheat and pulses(mfsm)

2. National Mission on Oilseeds and Oil Palm (NMOOP)

3. Rashtriya Krishi Vikas yojana (RKVY)

4. Bundelkhand Drought Mitigation Package

5. National Mission on sustainable Agriculture

6. Sub Mission on Rain fed area development

7. Sub mission on soil health Management

8. Sub Mission on Farm water Management

9. Mini Mission on Technology on cotton

10. Mission on climate change and sustainable agriculture monitoring modelling and net

work

11. National Mission on Agriculture extension and technology (NMAET)

12. Sub Mission on agriculture Extension ( ATMA)

13. Seed Village Schemes

14. National e governance Plan

15. Sub Mission on seed planting material

16. National Agriculture Development Yojana (RKVY )

17. Drilling of Tube wells

18. Subsidy on Certified Seed Distribution

19. Assistance By Agriculture Department to Patta Dharak Schedule Tribes cultivators

20. National Project on Organic Farming .

21. National e- governance Project in Agriculture

22. Strengthening and Infrastructure Development of SEED Sector

The Schemes under State Sector 1. Balram Tal Yojana

2. Minor Irrigation (Tube well)

3. Soil Health Card



4. Subsidy on Bullock cart

5. Information & Communication support Agriculture Production Program

6. Information Technology in Agriculture

7. Suraj Dhara Schme

8. Annpurna Yojana

9. National Agriculture Insurance Scheme

10. Strengthening Of Machine Tractor Station

11. Staff Training for Agriculture Engineering Directorate

12. Subsidy on Bullock cart.

13. .Chief Minister Farmer Trith Yojona

14. Participation of women in Madhya Pradesh Agriculture (Mapwa)

15. Mera khet-meri Mati Up- yojana

16. Mukhya Mantri Kisan Videsh Addhyan yojana

17. .State Institute of Agriculture Extension & Training(SIAET)

New Schemes

1. Organic cultivation in MP

2. New fertilizer & Seed Quality Laboratory

3. Project On Agro Climatic Zones of MP

4. State Micro Irrigation Mission

5. Krishi Mitra Training Programme

6. Kaushal Vikas Training Programme

7. Soil Health Card

8. Strengthening and Infrastructure Development of Seed Sector

9. Training Programme for Krishak Mitra

10. National e-Governance in Agriculture

11. Scheme for Promotion of Farm Mechanization

12. Interest & Compensation on Storage of Fertilizer Special Programme

1. Schedule Cast and Schedule Tribes up yojana 2. Quality Improvement of inputs 3. Seed Quality Control 4. Fertilizers Quality Control 5. Pesticides Quality Control 6. Farm Development 7. Advance arrangements of fertilizers 8. Broadcasting of Hallo Gram Shaba 9. Publication of Technical Knowledge 10. Karmachari Kalyan Prakost

6.1.2 Interventions Required 6.1.2.1 Agriculture practices and crop productivity enhancement:-



Enhance production & productivity level to sustain high growth in Production;- Production and productivity shall be enhanced through better soil health management, strengthening the network for timely availability of inputs Integrated pest management’ and Integrated nutrient management, with modernizing the extension services with strategy for development of Mechanization for small farms Especial emphasis for Integrated rice productivity improvement programme (IRPIP) and pulse development 6.1.2.2Expanding the access of farmers for supply of Inputs by Cooperatives Societies which

are to be strengthened and professionally upgraded. The private sector participation is

to be enhanced with regulatory measures for assuring quality and assured after sales

services.

6.1.2.3 Strengthening of soil testing and pesticide testing laboratories

6.1.2.4 Integration of farmers and farmer groups in FOP and FPC for seed multiplication and

seed processing along with go downing.

6.1.2.5 Strengthening infrastructure facilities in State Seed Farm and departmental seed

producing farms.

6.1.2.6 Provision of community thrashing floor .

6.1.2.7 Strengthening of Parasite Breeding Stations.

6.1.2.8 Precision farming by sprinkler

6.1.2.9 Strengthening of seed , fertilizer, and pesticide testing laboratories

6.1.2.10Establishment of model farms to demonstrate latest technologies

6.1.2.11Developing Infrastructure for Transfer of technology and Human resource

development.

6.1.2.12 Establishment of Krishi Gyan Kendra and Farmers Resource centre in the state.

6.1.2.13 Up gradation of farmers training centers

6.1.2.14 Establishment of automatic weather stations

6.1.2.15 Establishing agri-clinics-cum-mini portable soil testing laboratories

6.1.2.16 Harnessing solar power .

6.1.2.17

6.2 Horticultural development

6.2.1 Establishment of cold storage unit for chillies & other perishable items.

6.2.2 Establishing and strengthening of Horticulture nursery .

6.2.3 Strengthening of small scale horticultural produce storage structure at rural level.

6.2.4 Establishing infrastructure for marketing network,

6.2.5 Provision of Poly Houses/ Net house structure;

6.2.6 Development Plan for existing nursery on modern lines

6.2.7 Installation of Solar energy Based Irrigation System

6.2.8 Development of Cold Storage Infrastructure

6.2.9 Distribution of Horticulture Inputs viz Plastic crates (Banana, & Vegetable

6.3 Agricultural Engineering

6.3.1 Interventions Recommended



6.3.1.1 Development and strengthening of rural infrastructure facilities in area of farm

mechanisation through creation of custom hiring centres rural workshop service

centres and skill development Training centres and providing incentive for establishing

facilities for mechanization activities

6.3.1.2 Establishment of high tech custom hiring system

6.3.1.3 Strengthening of departmental infrastructure for facilitating farmers.

6.3.1.4 Developing infrastructure for training and technology to farmers.

6.4 Animal Husbandry . 6.4.1. Ongoing Schemes of Animal Husbandry Sector

Livestock rearing is an important economic activity for the rural people. It generates more

value both economically and socially. The growth in human population, availability and cost of

agricultural lands, limited water sources and introduction of better yielding livestock have led

farmers to shift to some kind of livestock rearing to earn their livelihood. Hence to provide

employment, to enhance the participation of the poor in livestock rearing and as a part of

poverty alleviation programmes, the Department is implementing various livestock oriented

schemes.

The interventions by the department in the area are:

Delivery of veterinary services and breeding support to livestock reared by farmers in

untapped areas by establishing Veterinary Units, thus utilising the services of

unemployed veterinary graduates

Improving the quality in delivery of veterinary services and diagnosis by strengthening

the essential and needy infrastructure of veterinary institutions

Utilising the high-yielding frozen semen straws for artificial insemination.

Increasing the availability of green fodder by bringing more area under fodder

cultivation.

Ensuring total health care and improving the conception rate by conducting Infertility

cum total health care camps and distribution of mineral mixture, and Improving the

know-how level of farmers on best animal husbandry practices / techniques by

conducting various information, education, communication.

6.4.2 Interventions Recommended

The interventions recommended are Automation of Milk processing Plants with larger

handling capacities. Development of infrastructure to achieve various aims.

Strengthening of veterinary institutions with basic facilities

Need conversion of District level veterinary Hospitals into Polyclinics

Renovation of existing veterinary dispensaries

Diseases Investigation with latest diagnostic Instruments

Strengthening and expansion of Milk processing, milk drying, milk product

manufacturing and marketing network facilities

Establishing of Quality Control Labs Solar Water Heating system at Dairy Plant and

Chilling centre

Establishment of new and expansion of existing cattle feed plant capacities



Establishment of new and revival of defunct milk cooperatives Automatic Milk

Collection Units, DPMCUs, Milk testing facilities at primary level milk cooperatives

Installation of Bulk milk coolers and expansion of cold chain facilities

Strengthening of training centres for milk farmers orientation

Strengthening of buffaloes breeding farm

Strengthening of pig breeding farms.

PC based automatic milk collection stations to IDF villages / milk producers cooperative

societies and Semi intensive sheep / goat farming to improve meat production by SHGs

Infrastructure improvement of veterinary institution

Establishment of AIDU along with mobile veterinary diagnostic laboratories.

Strengthening of infrastructure for sheep and goat at VC & RI, to distribute germ plasm

Processing facilities for cattle and buffalo Milk and Mobile input units

Strengthening of veterinary institution with basic facilities and Semi-intensive sheep /

goat farming to improve meat production by SHGs.

Strengthening of Instruments & equipments with latest technology

Establishment & strengthening of modern livestock farms.

Strengthening of Production, storage & distribution system of LN2 to maintain the cold-

chain.

Strengthening of Central Semen Station & Semen Banks.

Development of infrastructure & necessary support for enhancing the milk production

through breeding & feeding & management.

Strengthening & expansion of milk processing capacity of M.P.C.D.F.

6.5. Fisheries Sector Interventions Recommended

Repair and renovation of fish seed farm

Creation of additional nursery space

Developing Marketing Infrastructure for value added product

Creating Infrastructure for Ornamental Fish Park

Setting of modern retail outlet for fish and Supply of moped with ice box for fish

marketing

Development of post harvest infrastructure in selected landing centres

Artificial rocks and sustain / retain the existing infrastructure facility for aquaculture

Repairs to existing rearing nurseries & government fish seed farms

Infrastructure development for modern market

Establishment of wholesale markets

Development of market strategies for fish.

Complete renovation of old department fish seed farm with infrastructure facility



CHAPTER – VII

FUNDS REQUIREMENT FOR INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT FIVE

YEAR PLAN PERIOD FROM 2012-13 TO 2016-17.

Madhya Pradesh with its large area enjoys diverse agro climate base and soil condition suitable

for increasing agriculture production and productivity of broad range of crops. Agriculture and

allied sector forms the backbone of state economy. The Planning lays emphasis not only on

economic growth but also on eliminating social, spatial and sectoral imbalances. Based on the

interventions recommended, strategies identified projects are formulated, many projects are

implemented, further planned to implement and thus projects are made viable for growth of

state economy on sustainable basis

7.1 Agriculture Sector

Based on the development issues identified, various projects both in the state and district

sectors have been identified and proposed in the State Agriculture Plan(2012-17) Madhya

Pradesh . The Infrastructure Development part has been depicted as State Agriculture

Infrastructure Development Plan. Further, these major recommended interventions have been

projectized in the form of action plans of the concerned CDAPs. A brief description of the

major interventions recommended is given below:

7.1.1 Upgradation of block offices as Krishi Gyan Kendras :- The office of the Senior

Agriculture Development Officer at every block level is the backbone of the department as all

the farmers always keep close contact with this office. from the beginning ,the responsibility of

publicity of various schemes has been entrusted to the block level extension functionaries .

Therefore it has been decided to upgrade this office in all 313 blocks with internet connectivity

along with a training hall and a separate hall for storing the various inputs to be distributed to

farmers. This office will work as a knowledge dissemination center.

7.1.2 Strengthening of Agriculture Extension & Training Centers :- There are 19 AETCs in the

state established at various locations. Each AETC covers approximately 2-3 districts to fulfill

the requirement of training of farmers and lower level extension functionaries. These centers

were established approximately 50 years ago ,therefore all are in a dilapidated condition.

Therefore it has been proposed to develop these centers with modern lodging and boarding

facilities along with IT training facilities.

7.1.3 Strengthening of old Soil Testing Labs :- there are 24 soil testing labs owned by

department and remaining are from Mandi board. All these labs need to be not only renovated

but also to be strengthened with respect to latest equipments. Therefore all labs have been

proposed to be strengthened from RKVY in 12th five year plan.

7.1.4 Construction of New Soil Testing Labs :- As GoI has declared the policy to distribute the

soil health card to each and every farmers , and the present capacity is not enough to prepare

such a huge soil health card. Therefore state government has decided to establish new soil

testing labs at every block H.Q. and also furnish it with latest equipments and required



furniture. As per the availability of funds in RKVY , the construction may be supplemented

from Mandi funds.

7.1.5 Strengthening of State Institute of Agriculture Extension & Training (SIAET) State Institute of Agriculture Extension & Training (SIAET) , is not only a autonomous

training Institute but also a apex body in the Department of Farmer's welfare and Agriculture

Development to look after training and extension activities in the state. Though the building

infrastructure of the SIAET was almost completed in the year 1998 but it was properly

established in the year 2006, when GOMP has sanctioned 49 post in the institute on

11.05.2006. Later on looking to the need of departmental autonomous body to handle the

budget released by GOI in "Off Budget" Schemes , this institute has been declared as

Autonomous on 22.12.2007. Since than it is functioning as a Apex Training institute under the

department of FW&AD.

The mandates of the Institute in brief are as follows;

To prepare HRD plan for the officers and extension functionaries of various line

department under Agriculture Consortium.

To organize state level workshops, Seminars and conferences.

To prepare latest literature for extension functionaries and farmers along with

preparation of CD's and documentaries.

To conduct impact assessment studies and periodical evaluation of various schemes

being implemented in the department.

To participate on behalf of state department In the National level workshops and

seminars etc.

To facilitate and work as knowledge centre through KCC.

To implement state level activities under ATMA and other Off Budget schemes.

To act as a Financial Hub for all Off Budget schemes.

To coordinate with all leading training institutes in the country, MANAGE and GOI.

To run post Graduate Diploma in Agriculture Extension Management (PGDAEM) and

Diploma in Agriculture Extension services for input dealers financed by GOI.

Since the theme of constructing this training institute was developed in the year 1992

and accordingly as per the then need the required infrastructure was developed, later

on when this institute became autonomous the outcome expected from it became

much larger than it was thought upon during 1990s. As per the mandate of the

institute , it was not only required to cater many more trainings at a time but as this

institute also became a financial hub for all GOI supported "off Budget '' schemes ,

more staff was required for the smooth functioning of all such schemes.

Simultaneously PGDAEM and DEASI programme have also started from 2008-09 in the

institute. To fulfil the emerging demand it was badly required to strengthen the

present infrastructure by creating more space for trainees in the hostel, more class

rooms, and better congenial & learning atmosphere for trainees, along with a specious

and big auditorium so as to accommodate 300 to 400 people for state level

conferences.



7.1.6 Strengthening of old, and construction with refurbishment of new Seed Testing laboratory :- In order to make available the quality seed to farmers additional (Laboratories)

are being established in all the nine divisions.

In order to provide high quality seed of standard level , presently there are 4 seed quality

control testing labs are working, 2 of which are seed certification agencies & one is of Oilseed

Corporation. Departmental lab at Gwalior is being strengthened in view more sample are

coming for quality check under seed Act 1966. State Government has decided to establish at

least one lab at every divisional headquarter . Therefore along with the strengthening of old

Lab 9 labs will be constructed with all necessary equipment and furniture etc.

7.1.7 Strengthening of old , and construction with refurbishment of new fertilizer testing

labs:-

The Farmers must get the quality fertilizer for getting higher yields from their fields .In

Madhya Pradesh, about 25-30 lakh met. Tons of fertilizer is distributed every year. There are 4

fertilizers testing laboratories for analyzing fertilizer samples. There are located at Bhopal,

Indore, Jabalpur & Gwalior and about 6000-8000 samples of fertilizer are tested here every

year. But four Testing laboratories are not sufficient for such large number of samples. Six

more Laboratories for quality testing of Fertiliser is being established at Hosangabad, Ujjain,

Reva, Shahdol, Murena, Sagar.

7.1.8 Strengthening of Seed Producing Government farms :- There are 48 seed farms in

M.P., owned by the State Government, which are basically meant for producing breeder to

foundation seeds in large quantities. To maintain the quality of these farms, it is required to

provide some inputs on technological up-gradation related to equipments and machines, etc.

This will support in effective transfer of technology. The up gradation will be taken up in

phased manner, initially 30 Farms and 10 thereafter. Numbers of tube wells, dug wells, Water

tanks, stop dams along with irrigation equipments and infrastructure will be developed to

provide better irrigation facilities for the seed production. Inputs related to better farm

mechanization will also be provided to develop model farms.

The activities that will be taken up includes:

Development of Irrigation Source (digging tube wells, Tanks for Deepening, water

harvesting tanks, etc.)

Irrigation Equipment (such as Sprinklers, meter pipeline, submersible pump sets, Mono

block Electric, Rain gun, Diesel pump etc. will be provided as equipments for irrigation.)

Improved Farm Machinery (such as Threshers, air blaster, Rotavators, Seed cum

Fertilizer drills, reaper Cult. & leveller will be provided on different Seed producing

farms for mechanization. )

Infrastructure Facility (Like Threshing Floors, Machinery shed, straw Godown, Fencing,

Tractor shed etc on these farms.) Project for Establishment of seed grader Seed

godown of 100 mt capacity on 25 farms may be initiated

7.1.9 Construction of Agri- Solution centers :- This project is basically made for Agriculture

Marketing Federation (Markfed) of tha state , who has been assigned the work of food grain

procurement along with other agencies. As Markfed does not have enough storage capacity ,



therefore with the help of this project not only storage capacity will be created but, also

farmers will be facilitated to purchase other inputs from the shops made as a integral part of

Agri Solution Centers. Markfed has made the plan in such a way so that in various location in

each districts this structure can be made.

7.1.10 strengthening of Seed Testing lab of State Seed Certification Agency :- State Seed

Certification Agency has the responsibility of certifying the seed produced by various farmers

as well as agencies. The agency has proposed the project to develop the efficiency of certifying

the seed. The agency will develop as many Lab as required in proportion to seed produced.

7.1.11 Research related Infrastructure Projects under JNKVV, Jabalpur and RVSKVV,

Gwalior:-

The Madhya Pradesh has two Agriculture university in the state . one is established at Jabalpur

and another is at Gwalior. Both the SAU are entrusted the responsibility of not only producing

the quality seed but also to conduct various operational research programme to facilitate the

farmers and extension functionaries of the state. The Director Research services of both the

SAU are responsible for the preparation of RKVY projects and put them before the SLSC for

approval. The provisional has been made in the SAIDP to create all necessary infrastructure in

both the SAU.

7.1.12 Infrastructure related projects of State Seed and farm Vikas Nigam :-

The Scheme is formulated for creation of infrastructure facilities relating to seed cleaning,

grading, processing, seed treating, packaging and storage with the Beej Nigam. This assistance

is primarily for low value and high volume seeds. M P state Seed & farm Dev Corporation is

the nodal agency for implementation of this scheme. In order to establish/strengthen

infrastructure facilities for production and distribution of quality seeds, assistance for creating

facilities of seed cleaning, grading, processing, packing and seed storage is provided.

Assistance for strengthening of the existing sanctions of seed corporation with respect to

above mentioned infrastructure is also considered .

The States Corporation has the flexibility to establish/strengthen seed processing plants of the

required capacity/capacities as assessed by them

This Scheme for supply of seed and planting material to the Beej Nigams’ is being

implemented for multiplication of high yielding certified/quality seeds of all crops and

subsequently supply of quality seed to the farmers. Although the existing scheme has

contributed in doubling the availability of certified seed It will improve the availability of

quality seeds to the farmers and at a reasonable price in a time bound manner

Project for Development of Beej Nigam Farms and Processing Plants.

The Nigam has its own farms 40 in number having a total area of 2798 hectares out of

which 2043 hectares is cultivable. In the farms a lot of infrastructure developmental

work has been carried out in last three years. The Nigam farms are equipped with new

irrigation facilities like sprinklers and other farm equipments of latest technology. The

Nigam mostly uses its farm for multiplication of Breeder seed into foundation seed

.Seed processing plants are equipped with grading machines but need is there for up

gradation of these units for successful cleaning & grading operations.



This will assist in providing certified seed to Farmers

Projects formulated for Further strengthening the seed processing facilities and

establishment of seed storage godown with Dehumidified Refrigerated seed Storage

innovation

Project for MP Seed certification Agency development and certification infrastructure

may be initiated for making available certified seed to small /marginal farmers at

subsidised rates for enhancing the productivity of crops and their betterment

7.1.13 Strengthening of state level monitoring cell for RKVY :- The guideline of RKVY

reveals that DFW&AD is the nodal department for implementation of RKVY in the state. The

projects sanctioned in the RKVY are connected with various sections of directorate. Therefore

to make the working more congenial this provisional has been proposed for 12th five year plan

as and when required.

7.1.14 Infrastructure related project of Beej Sangh:- Beej Sangh has been developed by the

state government as a apex body of various seed growing societies registered in the state. As

seed is a vital factor for increasing production and productivity in the state, the beej sangh

requires the necessary infrastructure to run the activities assigned to them. The project of Beej

Sangh will be approved during 12th five year plan period as and when required.

7.1.15 Strengthening opf Insecticide Testing Lab :-

Central and State Government are making concerted efforts to ensure timely availability

of quality pesticide to the farming community. For this purpose, there is a need for effective

implementation of the provisions of the Insecticide Act, 1968 and the Rules framed there

under and therefore state govt. has setup a new Insecticide Quality control laboratory at

Obedullaganj, Raisen with a view to extend the facility of quality testing of pesticide in

Madhya Pradesh..

Presently , there is only one Laboratory in the state for monitoring the quality of pesticide

with a capacity to analyze about 1500 samples per annum .Keeping in view of manufacturing

/ formulating units and about 8000 MT of total pesticide consumption in the state ,present

set up of one laboratory for monitoring the quality status of pesticide is inadequate. Therefore

the setting and establishment of new pesticide testing laboratory is required to enhance the

analysis facility of pesticide in state considering the number of licenses issued to

manufacturer/ formulators/ distributors/sale points as per the Insecticide Act 1968 and the

rules framed there under.

7.1.16 Construction of grain storage godown under cooperative:- As the cooperative

department has the responsibility of procuring the food grain in both the season, it was a felt

need of the department to create storage capacity . During 2011-12 it was analysed that gap

between quantum to be procured and storage capacity was huge . Therefore Honarable Chief

minister has announced that special project should be sanctioned under RKVY for 12th five

year plan period to fulfill the need .Therefore provision has been made to create such

infrastructure in the state through Cooperative Department.

7.1.17 Solar Energy based Infrastructure :- Now a day the use of Solar power is a felt need of

all the state as electrical power generation through Irrigation dams is becoming uncertain due



to climate change. Therefore to cop up the need of energy sufficient provision has been

proposed in the plan . This funds will be used in consultation of Energy department.

7.1.18 Construction and Furnishing of Pesticide Residue Lab :-

the mandate of the laboratory is to study pesticide residues in food, feed and environmental

samples, metabolism of pesticides in plants, insects and soil and mechanism of insecticide

resistance to insecticides. The laboratory may also develop standardization of analytical

methodology for newer pesticides; It provides analysis facilities to all agencies who are to

presenting their proposals for approved for recommendation to the farming community as

per norms set by the Government for betterment of farming community. This project may

supervised field trials carried out to study the persistence of pesticides on different crops

.based on the data obtained, waiting periods are to worked out for the safety of consumers.

The data generated in these trials may also be useful for the National Regulatory Authorities

to take appropriate decisions regarding safe use of pesticides in the country, Similarly project

on Pest management & pesticide quality control comprising of laboratory for production of bio

control agents, State pesticide testing units and Eco pesticide testing lab may be formulated.

1.00. Mobilization of Field Staff under RKVY Program RKVY Program is being implemented in

the state and for covering the areas under this Program; the mobilization factor plays a very

vital role. The topography of the M.P is un dilative, vast and department resources for

mobilization are restricted and scanty.

There can be a scope to use the vehicles for mobilization but these are not available everywhere and every time. To give boost to this Program, provision is proposed to hire vehicles as and when required. Accordingly, provision to hire vehicles is being made. 7.1.19 Construction and Furnishing of Post Entry quarantine Lab :-

Plant Quarantine regulatory measures are operative through the ‘Destructive Insects & Pests

Act, 1914 (Act 2 of 1914) in the country. The purpose and intent of this Act is to prevent the

introduction of any insect, fungus or other pest, which is or may be destructive to crops. The

import of agricultural commodities is presently regulated through the Plant Quarantine

(Regulation of Import into India) Order, 2003 the provisions of New Policy on Seed

Development, 1988. Further, the significance of Plant Quarantine has increased in view of

Globalization and liberalization in International trade of plants and plant material in the wake

of Sanitary and Phyto sanitary (SPS) Agreement under WTO. The phytosanitary certification of

agricultural commodities being exported is also undertaken as per International Plant

Protection Convention (IPPC), 1951.

In line with the New Policy on Seed Development, 1988 and the provisions of PQ Order,

2003, the specified planting material for propagation (viz., cuttings, saplings, bud

woods, etc.) require growing under Post Entry Quarantine (PEQ) for a specified period.

The import permit for such planting material is granted based on a certificate from

Designated

Inspection Authorities of the concerned jurisdiction stating that the importer possesses

the post entry quarantine facility for the imported planting material. Such

consignments are released with the intimation to the concerned Inspection Authorities



for conducting further PEQ inspections and the final clearance is granted based on the

PEQ Inspection Report. The pest risk analysis is mandatory for all the plants/plant

material prior to its import into India as per PQ Order, 2003. The risk of exotic pests

and diseases is minimized by identifying the potential pests which can get into the

country with the specified commodity and seeking export certification for their

freedom/pest free area status, etc. from the exporting country. Inspection of

agricultural commodities meant for export as per the requirements of importing

countries under International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) 1951 of FAO which’s

now replaced by revised text of IPPC as per the model certificates prescribed under

IPPC and issue Phytosanitary Certificate. The export inspections are carried out to

facilitate certification of exportable plants and plant material as per the requirement of

importing country in line with the above Convention. The export inspections involves

sampling and detailed laboratory tests in case of seeds and planting material for

propagation whereas visual examination with hand lens and washing tests, etc are

carried out for plant material meant for consumption. The export inspections are

conducted at exporters’ premises also to facilitate exports for agricultural commodities

meant for consumption.

7.1.20 Establishment of Farmers Resource Centers :- As already stated in the previous pages

that department has 48 seed producing farms . To make full utilization of these farms as a

modal for the farmers , it has been thought that these farms and office of the SDO or ASCO ,

where farmers are frequently visiting should be developed as farmers resource centers.

Therefore sufficient provision of funds has been made in the plan.

7.1.21 Construction and furnishing of Advance Communication Center at JNKVV campus:-

The Project for the Centre for Knowledge Communication develops advanced

technology to improve teaching and learning in agriculture sciences. Current focus is on

the psychology of human learning, strategies for effective teaching, and the dynamics

of human-machine interactions. Researchers build computer systems that encode a

deep understanding of effectively train, explain and advise to the farmers/users.

Extended multimedia capabilities which are integrated with knowledge about the

Farmer/user, domain and dialogue to produce real-time performance support and on-

demand advisory and tutoring systems. The tutoring systems use intelligent interfaces,

inter facing mechanisms, cognitive models and modifiable software to improve a

computer's communicative abilities. These systems have been tested with learners,

trainers and other client bases, deployed in Agriculture and allied sector

Knowledge Centre focuses on knowledge generation, information gathering, analyzing

and dissemination of them in order to create meaningful change in the favour of poor

and marginalized people. We employ following strategy to achieve above.

The Agriculture Knowledge Centre provides agriculture information and advice to

farmers, and the agriculture industry on topics ranging from crop and livestock

production to new research and technology, government programs and services, and

farm business management.



A toll free line puts you in touch with resource agents and specialists who are

knowledgeable about the agriculture industry, and who are linked to regional and

provincial specialists from across the Ministry of Agriculture. The Agriculture

Knowledge Centre is committed to providing expert technical information and

excellence in client service delivered by friendly and experienced staff.

7.1.22 Projects related to Infrastructure for other Research Institutes to be established in

MP:-

This provision has been made to support advanced research through other than SAUs centers

in the state. As it very much likely that many renounced Research Organizations are opening

their outlets in MP. Therefore if all such institutions are found in line with RKVY guideline than,

they will also be supplemented by RKVY funds.

7.1.23 Any other Infrastructure required to increase the efficiency of the Agriculture

functionaries in the State:-

As it is well known fact that five year plan is always a plan which can be deviated at any point

of time similarly , any other need can also be generated during the course of plan period . To

take care of such need this provision has been made in the plan.

7.1.24 Any other infrastructure required to constructed for the other line department for

which funds are being transferred from Agriculture budget.:-

The Cooperated department, Forest Department, Sericulture Department , etc are getting

funds for their projects from the budget of Agriculture department , therefore in anticipation

of future requirement this provision has been made in the plan.

7.1.25 Distribution of Sprinkler, Drip, Pipe Line and other assets to famers on subsidy :-

Department of FW&AD is facilitating farmers by the distribution of Sprinklers, Drip Sets, Pipe

Line Set, Rain Gun, Diesel & Electric Pump Sets, on Subsidy. This Programme will continue in

RKVY for 12th five years plan also.

7.1.26 Creation of Irrigation Resources on Govt. & Private lands.

Irrigation is proved to be a vital Input for enhancing agriculture productivity. Though WRD is

working hard to create additional irrigation capacity, but still irrigation in flot lands is

depending on locally made small irrigation structure on small Nala/tributaries. Similarly Tube

well & Dug Well also supplement Irrigation, but at present digging of these structure are also

becoming costly affair. Therefore many farmers can not afford it.

Looking to the importance of creating irrigation resources it has been planned to construct

Minor Irrigation Tank & percolation tank on project cost. Similarly Tube well & Dug wells are

also being distributed on Subsidy to the farmers.

7.1.27 Saving of Crop due to interference of wild animals by using Solar power :-

Damage of crop by wild animals particularly in the villages situated near by National Park/tiger Reserves. The damage of crop is quite high in M.P. Therefore it has been proposed to create provision in 12th five year plan under RKVY. 7.1.28 Saving of electricity by the use of Solar Power :- Normally farmers are using diesel and electric pumps to lift the water from its source for saving the electrical energy & reducing air pollution the solar water pumps are being



introduced for 12th plan. Period on Subsidy the rate of Subsidy will not be more than 50% as per RKVY Norms. 7.2 Agriculture Mechanization :- 7.2.1 Development of Haldhar Sewa Kendra :- The ministry of Agriculture GoI is pressing hard to motivate the farmers to use the farm implements and machines. GoI has also started Sub Mission on Agriculture Mechanization in the state. The requirement which could not be fulfilled from the mission funds , will be met from the RKVY funds. To facilitate the farmers regarding use of latest agriculture implements GoMP has planed to establish Haldhar Sewa Kendra in various part of the state. 7.2.2 Development of Hi-Tech Training Centers :- These are being established in every districts of the state. In these centers farmers as well as field functioneries will be trained to use latest and advanced agriculture implements and machines. 7.2.3 Strengthening of Agriculture Engineering workshops :- Directorate of Agriculture engineering has their 32 mechanized workshops in the state . It has been decided to develop all these workshops with all latest implements and tools to provide best and all time services to farmers . These workshops will be facilitated by renovation of building infrastructure , IT facilities and training facilities at each workshop. 7.2.4 Strengthening of Directorate and its field units :- As directorate has its own building therefore to create congenial working atmosphere in the office and its field units development works would be taken up to facilitate the functionaries . The separate projects will be developed as per the requirement during 12th plan period. 7.2.5 Agricultural Machinery Custom Hiring Centres (CHC):_Indian agriculture is undergoing a gradual shift from dependence on human power and animal power to mechanical power because increasing cost for upkeep of animal and growing scarcity of human labour. Further, use of mechanical power has a direct bearing on the productivity of crops apart from reducing the drudgery and facilitating timeliness of agricultural operations. Thus there is a strong need for taking farm mechanization.

Objectives: To make available various farm machinery / equipments to small and marginal

farmers To offset the adverse economies of scale due to high cost of individual ownership

To improve mechanization in places with low farm power availability To provide hiring

services for various agricultural machinery/implements applied for different operations. To expand mechanized activities during cropping seasons in large areas especially in small and

marginal holdings. To provide hiring services for various high value crop specific machines applied for different operations. Custom Hiring Centres CHCs are basically a unit comprising a set of farm machinery, implements and equipment meant for custom hiring by farmers. Though certain implements and equipment are crop specific, the traction units like tractors, power tillers etc., and self-propelled machinery like combine harvesters etc., are used in common. Therefore, an ideal model envisaged in this project comprise farm machinery that are commonly used for tillage operations for all crops, multi crop equipment and a minimum of crop specific machinery ,Another set of equipment and machinery can b included as pt the progress of work continued Provision of a workshop shed may be made for parking the machinery, carryout day-today repair, maintenance and service works .Budget .for publicity may also be included in the project



7.3 Animal Husbandry Sector:-

Depending on the development issues identified, the policy has been opted and hence the

specific interventions have been recommended for the development of Animal Husbandry

Sector, as detailed below. These major recommended interventions have been projectized in

the action plans of the CDAPs. A brief description on the Progress, existing & major

interventions, recommended is given below:

1. Strengthening of Districts and Block level Veterinary Hospital;- The efforts for animal

Health services are listed below

( Number in lakh )

Sr

No

Item 2010-2011 1011-2012

1 Animal Treatment 47.42 64.13

2 Medicine Distribution 38.12 41.25

3 Immunization (TIKAKARAN) 120.23 118.03

4 Testing of Samples 3.44 3.45

Source Administrative Reporting Animal Husbandry adept Go MP 2012-2013

This shows that the veterinary assistance in increasing year to year basis. In last two decades

the advancement in the field of biomedical engineering has been adopted in veterinary field

and various sophisticated diagnostic and clinical instrument and technologies, such as

radiography, ultrasound, laser therapy, electro & echo cardiography, polymers chain reaction,

cell culture ,fluorescent microscopy have become a routine not only in the western world but

also in some of the states of India. However due to lack of these instruments students of

veterinary college are not keeping pace with their contemporaries. This needs to equip and

Strengthening of Districts and Block level Veterinary Hospital and services in phased manner A

project formulation will assist the welfare of animal wealth by some interventions as .

Strengthening of various faculty laboratories with making available equipments for

veterinary anatomy, veterinary physiology, veterinary pharmacology, veterinary

microbiology, veterinary physiology, veterinary proctology, veterinary pathology,

veterinary public health, veterinary surgery & radiology, animal genetics & breeding etc.

Purchase of various laboratory equipment for various faculty of veterinary college.

This project will be implementing by Dean of respective veterinary college. The overall

outcome of all this infrastructure will improve the quality of veterinary

teaching which will in future make improvement in the health and production of livestock

sector.

2 Establishment of Milk Chilling Centre at Damoh

At present there is no dairy cooperative societies in Damoh district for collection of milk from

Pashupalak. The survey is going on and there is possibility of organise the dairy cooperative

societies to collect the milk from farmer. For this milk there is necessity of milk chilling centre

to store and prevent the detoriation of milk.



Establishment of milk chilling centre, building and necessary equipment for milk

chilling.

Building for milk chilling centre including store.

Equipment for milk chilling centre

Milk chilling Unit.

Weighing machine

Milk cans

Milk Storage Tanks

Other equipment for milk chilling

3. Establishment of Milk Testing lab at Gwalior

Due to seasonal variation it is normal phenomena during summer, the milk production reduce

upto 40% of the milk production in flush season. Still the 80% of milk production is in the hand

of unorganised dairy sector. This unorganised dairy sector fulfilled the demand of milk and

milk product by opting several method of adulteration such as adding urea, mineral oil, animal

fat, colour paint, water and caustic soda which is dangerous for mankind.

To protect and ensure safety of human health care, there is urgent need to create

infrastructure facilities for testing of milk and milk product which is afford for sale for

consumption to human being.

There is a need of milk testing laboratory and equipment for this laboratory.

Component :

Building.

Centrally air conditioned plant.

Milk & milk product testing lab equipments

Chemical and microbiology instruments.

4 Introduction of new training programme and Strengthening of State level training

centre

There are three training centres in the state as follows-

State Level Training Centre, Bhopal

Training Centre, Mandla

Training Centre, Shivpuri

First two training centres are exclusively for artificial insemination trainings, while for

practical training participants are sent to field veterinary institutions due to lack of

facilities for practical training in these training institutions.

Various Skill Development Initiatives to provide training to people to develop skilled

manpower in various items of, animal husbandry may be formulated and making it

available to the community engaged in this sector



Capacity building is one of the major issues to be taken up in the department. Despite

advances in the technology and concept of the development, orientation and

sensitization programmes have not been taken up in the department, especially that of

the machinery on the cutting edge. On the other hand, multiplicity in responsibilities in

the field of animal husbandry calls for different specialized trainings.

Trained manpower available for better quality and cost effective service delivery.

Effective implementation of departmental schemes.

Existing training centres do not have the broad spectrum coverage of training needs

and require strengthening in order to expand the coverage. State level AI Training

centre will be taken up as a centre of excellence and other centres will be strengthen in

a specific stream. This will be done through out-sourcing identification of training

needs, designing training modules and involving resource persons. This training centre

will be useful foe in-house capacity building.

Components of the project

Strengthening infrastructure

Designing Trainings and training modules

Equipments and Furniture

Strengthening Library

Consultancy Fee

Van for exposure visits

Strengthening existing State Level AI Training Centre situated in Bhopal for overall

trainings in different fields of specialization. Coverage will be the whole state.

Department of Animal Husbandry will be implementing this project.

5. Goat Breeding Farm :- Goat Breeding Farm :-Gwalior established with the following

details

Sr no

Name of the Govt Farm

Farm wise information

Establishment year

Breed Available

Total animal Strength

Land Available in acre

1 Govt. Goat Breeding Farm Aron ( Gwalior)

1980 Jamanapari 380 312

Similarly Sheep breeding farms are available at the following Location 1 Govt, Sheep Breeding

Farm Basakhdi Mandsaur

1954 Hy Merino Kauridel

69 141

2 Govt. Sheep Breeding Farm

1975 Rambulet 175 3500

3 Govt. Sheep Breeding Farm Pandora Shivpuri

1958 Rambulet Kauridel

340 356

4 Govt. Sheep Breeding Farm Aron Gwalior

1980 Jamanapari 380 312

5



6. Establishment of Integrated organic Goat Breeding Farm, Kiratpur, Hoshangabad.

Madhya Pradesh is one of state which attained highest growth in goat population from 1997-

2003. The growth is M. P. state was 25.84% Whereas in India the growth the same period was

1.33%. Goat are mostly reared by schedule cast, schedule tribal and Backward population of

M.P. Nine district out of 48 district, contributes about 40% of goat population of the state

most of them are tribal district. M.P. state is developing as goat state, because (a) Short

Generation Interval, (b) Prolific Breeder, (c) Easy Marketing, (d) Gainful employment of about

184, 309 and 437 labour man days in small unit (1-8) medium (9-16) and large units.

Contribution of children & woman is upto 88-91% in all groups., & (e) ATM for poor people in

village.

The body weight of non-descript breed goat at the age of 1 year is 18-20 Kg. and the body

weight of other Indian breed, Jamunapari 36 Kg., Barbari 25 Kg., Sirohi 34 Kg., whereas in Boer

Goat 80 Kg. Male produced at the farm will be given to goat farmer for breed improvement.

Goat in Madhya Pradesh contributes Rs. 500 Crores to State GDP. By introducing breed

improvement programme and the contribution to state GDP will be increased & the profit to

farmer will also be increased by 25-30 percent.

Farmers will be trained in Goat management.

Cattle Breeding farm Kiratpur District Hosangabad has 200 Acres of uncultivable land,

where pesticides & chemicals has not been used for the feed & fodder, the same will

be grown in 100 acres of land, which is at present is uncultivable, which will be made

cultivable.

For treatment Ayurvedic medicine will be used.

Five Breeds of Goat – Jamunapari, Barbari, Jakrana, Sirohi & Boer will be maintained at

Cattle Breeding Farm, Kiratpur, District Hosangabad.

In Madhya Pradesh 8 Lakh family are rearing goat. They all will get benefit of the

scheme. The goat of farmer will be improved & they will get more prices due to higher

body weight. The organized farmer will be able to sale the goat milk, thus increasing

their income.

7. Establishment of automated monitoring system

Department is implementing various schemes, programmes & routine activities. There is lack

of effective monitoring of the above said programmes. The reason for this is lack of timely

reporting, inaccuracy of data & incomplete data for compilation.

For timely reporting & accuracy of reports establishment of automated monitoring system is

required. For this software will be prepared in which data will be entered directly & reports

will be generated as per the requirement of the department. Following activity will be

undertaken for this -

Development of data collecting formats.

Development of Web enabled monitoring system.

Component of Project:

Development of data collecting formats.



Web enabled software for monitoring system.

Implementation Agency:;-For establishment of automated monitoring system formats

for collection of data will be prepared by the department. Based on these formats web

enabled software for generating reports will be developed by MP State Electronic

Development Corporation (MPSEDC). Complete project will be implemented by the

department.

8. Strengthening of Feed Analysis laboratory at Bhopal

The total productivity of the animal depends upon the quality of the feed which they have

been fed by the farmer. Most of the farmers purchase the feed from market which may be of

inferior quality. This type of inferior quality feed can be checked by strengthening of this Feed

Analysis laboratory.

9. Strengthening of laboratories, vety. Collages (Mhow & Jabalpur )

In last two decades the advancement in the field of biomedical engineering has been

adopted in veterinary field and various sophisticated diagnostic and clinical instrument

and technologies, such as radiography, ultrasound, laser therapy, electro & echo

cardiography, polymers chain reaction, cell culture, fluorescent microscopy have

become a routine not only in the western world but also in some of the states of India.

However, due to lack of these instruments students of veterinary college are not

keeping pace with their contemporaries.

Strengthening of various faculty laboratories like veterinary anatomy, veterinary

physiology, veterinary pharmacology, veterinary microbiology, veterinary physiology,

veterinary paracetology, veterinary pathology, veterinary public health, veterinary

surgery & radiology, animal genetics & breeding etc.

Projects undertaken;-Projects were undertaken by the Animal Husbandry Department from

the year 2012-16

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY Projects undertaken During 2012-16

1 Conversion of district-level Veterinary Hospitals to Polyclinic

2 Expansion of Disease Investigation Facilities in M.P.

3 Establishment of New Integrated Livestock Development Centers

4 Small Holder Poultry egg production No. of Beneficiaries

5 Infertility eradication program in animal

6 Liquid nitrogen plant units at various stations

7 Solar Water Heating System at Indore, Ujjain, Gwalior & Jabalpur

8 Establishment of Quality Control Labs at Dairy Plants & Chilling Centers

9 Strengthening of Mandsaur Dairy Plant

10 Strengthening of Ratlam Dairy Plant

11 Strengthening of Milk Dairy Plant at Indore.

12 Establishment and certification of Advanced Animal feed Quality Testing Laboratory



13 Establishment of Indigenous Cattle Research Centre for Development of Panchgavya Products

14 Strengthening of Animal Biotechnology Centre for improvement of livestock in Madhya Pradesh

15 Strengthening of Instrument and Equipment facilities at College of Veterinary Sc. And A.H., JBP

16 Establishment and certification of Advanced Animal feed Quality Testing Laboratory

17 Establishment of Advance Large Animal Clinic Cum Diagnostic Centre At Imalia Farm, Imalia, Jabalpur

18 Survey Indicators of birth & mortality of cattle & buffalo under RKVY

19 A Study on disease incidence & prevalence in cattle and buffalos

20 Strengthen of Dairy Plant at Banmore (District Morena) (I)

21 Project on Establishment of Liquid Nitrogen Plant Units at various stations (I)

22 Conversion of district-level Veterinary Hospitals to Polyclinic

23 Expansion of Disease Investigation Facilities in MP (PG

24 Provision of Travis & Shed for Expansion of Vet. Services to Gram Panchayat Level. (I)

25 .Strengthening Of Poultry farms (PG)

26 Strengthening and Modernization of State Veterinary Hospital, Bhopal (I)

27 Up grading the local non-descript goat population using Sirohi and Barbari breeds of goat in Narsingpur district of Madhya Pradesh” (PG)

28 .Establishment of Automatic Flavored milk filling line (Plastic Bottle) at Ujjain (I)

29 .Strengthening Livestock Farmers’ Residential Training Programmes (PG)

30 .Strengthening of Chindwara Dairy Plant (I)

31 .Strengthening of Jabalpur Dairy (I)

32 .Mass De worming PPR disease control and Nutritional enhancement programme for Sheep and Goat in Bundelkhand region (PG)

33 .Production of high quality embryos by OPU-IVF technology for improving productivity and conservation of indigenous breeds of cattle and buffalo (PG)

34 . Establishment of Cattle Feed Plant at Kiratpur Itarsi, Distt. Hoshangabad (I)

35 Strengthening of Milk Chilling Plant Multai by making milk-can free dock

36 Developing one Milk Can Free Route of Ujjain Dairy Dock through installation of Bulk Milk Cooler

37 Developing Milk Can Free Raw Milk Reception Dock (RMRD) at Mandsaur Dairy plant through installation of Bulk Milk Cooler

38 Expansion of Disease investigation facilities in M.P.

39 Upgrading the local non descript goat population using Sirohi and Barbari breeds of goat in Narsinghpur district of MP

40 Strengthening of 5 Milk Chilling plants in Malivaya, Pachore, Silwani,

41 Milk Packing Station at Khandwa Chilling Station

42 Establishment of Nucleus Pig Farm

43 Automation of Bhopal Dairy Plant

10. Project for establishing Poly Clinics in all the district of MP & already established poly

clinics will be stream lined so as investigations with latest equipments and treatment facilities

can reached to the Pasu Palak living in tribal & remotest place



11. Project for Laboratories for Investigation of animal diseases may be established in the

entire district in MP

12. The production of semen liquid with GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) and

GLP(Good Laboratory Technique)would be produced in Institute of Animal Health & Veterinary

Biological. Mhow This Institute Is being Strengthened and modernized with focus on some

of the fundamental quality management issues as observed in such laboratories with aim to

build a service with ‘quality’ as its focus, These type of institutes are having incorporation of

quality resources (facilities, personnel, equipment), documentation management , control risk

management and the evaluation of service quality as key elements. Arrangement for cold

chain for storing and transportation of frozen Semen is to be made

13. The production of semen liquid with GMP;-The project formulated with the aims to

provide breeding, feeding and management services at the door steps of the dairy farmers in

the project area. These services will be provided through "Integrated Livestock Development

(ILD) Centers". Under this project new A.I. Centers will be proposed to developed. Each of

these A.I. centers will be operated by a local educated unemployed youth called as "GOPAL

"with the technical guidance of Veterinary Department.

14. Strengthening of newly established Veterinary Dispensaries

In the state livestock healthcare service delivery system is primarily institution based. Though

the services are needed to be delivered at the famers' door step, the facility to store biological

products, medicines, procurement and maintenance of equipments, place to perform surgical

/ gynaecological interventions need an institution. Similarly a place for farmers to contact the

veterinary health care personnel is highly required. Within the state it has been observed that

those places where there is comparatively higher density of veterinary institutions, the

services are rendered quickly to farmers and hence, these areas have become more productive

areas, over a period of time, as far as, livestock is concerned.

The livestock economy of our state is dominated by cattle followed by poultry, goats, buffalo's

pigs and lastly sheep. Almost every household in the state who has some access to cultivable

land owns cattle, although the productivity of different livestock species is abysmally low due

to several constraints. The actual production potential of the animals cannot be realized unless

they are protected against diseases and disease causing parasites can cause huge losses due to

morbidity and mortality resulting into loss of production. To avoid production losses, there

should be a well developed animal- health delivery system. Veterinary health care institutions

in the state include hospitals and polyclinics, dispensaries and mobile dispensaries. On an

average, there are 16,000 livestock units per veterinary institution and 31,000 livestock units

per veterinarian which is for more than the recommendations of National Agriculture

commission.

Due to the apparent shortfall in the number of veterinary institutions as compared to the

dependent livestock units, there arises the necessity to construct and start more number of

Veterinary Institution all over the state and, strengthen the existing veterinary institutes to

perform at full capacity. Priority is given for an area where public livestock service delivery



converges is poor and, those high potential areas where the demand lies for superior quality

services.

Land required to initiate and sustain the activity is available. Selections of 203 para vets

(Assistant Veterinary field Assistants) have been done and are inducted in AHD. Additional 385

parapets are likely to be selected and put in place in near future. The budgetary allocations

under AHD state plan is in a position to meet the requirement of medicines, vaccines and

projected recurring expenses. Assistance from ASCAD in diagnostic sector and from NPCBB in

Breed improvement sector can meet projected requirements in these sectors.

15. Establishment of Nucleus Pig Farm

Pig is one of the most popular animals among the tribal as they have been rearing these

animals since ages as a source of their subsidiary occupation or income. Madhya Pradesh is the

largest state in terms of tribal population. India is endowed with enormous livestock and

poultry wealth with variety of breeds of livestock and poultry constituting a rich and vital

resource for the country which may help in the alleviation of poverty and generation of

employment. The state is mostly dependent on agriculture without irrigation facilities. Most of

the land is infertile; unemployment problem is increasing day by day. The demand for meat

and meat products is also increasing. In coming decade the demand supply gap will be

accentuated. Pigs are neglected species of animal. The pig population in Madhya Pradesh is

175 thousand as per livestock census 2012 and the district Shivpuri of Madhya Pradesh has

high potential for pig rearing. Any new venture in pig breeding or in processing will get assured

success. The proposed venture therefore, is a step towards prosperity of farmers of the state.

The project aims at providing the improved germplasm for advanced pig farming to the

farmers of the state which will improve the socio-economic status of the rural and tribal

farmers, rural youth and women of Madhya Pradesh. The project will also improve the

nutritional status of people of the state through supply of high quality protein at lower cost.

The animals will attain maturity at 8 months of age and 2 furrowing can be practiced in a year.

Average litter size is 10 and farmer can earn income within 8-9 months. Females will be bred

to generate next generation piglets. (Average litter size at birth is 10 and 2 furrowing can be

practiced in each year as mentioned above.) The number of piglets born from 40 females will

be 400 per furrowing and in one year there will be two furrowing giving rise to 800 piglets per

year. These will be distributed to 200 beneficiaries in the ratio of two females and one male.

The rest of the piglets will be raised to replace the stock taking the mortality into

consideration. Pigs of 4-5 month age will be supplied to farmers as per the norms of Govt. of

India.

The farmers of the state will be provided with the improved germplasm. Training programs for

pig husbandry practices including pig breeding and rearing at the nucleus pig farm at the

Padora Farm, Shivpuri would in turn impart skill development. Receipts will be generated by

sale of pigs to the farmers, and other weaker sections of the rural areas. The project will help

the beneficiaries of the rural areas to increase the productive and reproductive efficiency of

pigs along with uplift of overall socio-economical status of the farmers of the state

Projects that can be funded under RKVY(Infrastructure & Assets) stream



15. Project for Semen collection& artificial Insemination;-

a)Present status,- For improvement of animal wealth and better breeding programme the

progress with Artificial Insemination units is as follows

Sr No

Particulars 2010-2011 2011-2012

1 Artificial Insemination 9.09 11.41

2 Fertilisation with Artificial Insemination 2.66 3.48

3 Natural Insemination 1.99 3.04

4 Fertilisation with Natural Insemination 0.84 1.40

5 Sterilization 3.82 5.81

The progress by artificial and natural insemination is showing a positive trend. This need

infrastructure addition which will provide much needed Artificial Insemination & veterinary

support services to all the dairy farmers in the project area. As mentioned the objective of the

project is to provide integrated services in breeding, feeding and animal management, in order

to create an appropriate economic and production environment to the dairy holders, who

have very poor access to the existing services. Moreover this will help in the internal

generation of dairy stock by dairy farmers. This would translate into more milk and more

income to the dairy farmers, thus meeting our objective of reducing malnutrition, alleviate

poverty and increased employment opportunities to the rural youth as Gopals.

15. Dairy

In the state the MP state Cooperative Dairy Federations is looking after the Dairy Development

in MP with three stage infrastructure development in cooperative sector, The Progress under

this sector as follows

Table Physical and Financial achievement under Cooperative Dairy Development Programme

Sr. no Particulars 2010-11 2011-12

1 `Active Milk Cooperative Societies (Number)

4116 4637

2 Active Milk Cooperative Societies Membership (Number)

176419 197374

3 Collection of Milk (Litre per Day ) 5.86,913 7,20,317

4 Marketing of Milk (Litre per Day 4,94,641 5,24,276

5 Marketing of Animal feed (Metric tonne) 77,999 94,977

6 Artificial Insemination (Number) 1,89,169 2,05,167

7 Payment to Milk Producers( Rs in Corer) 482.27 669.58

8 Collection from Milk Marketing( Rs in Corer)

728.17 915.90

15.1 Milk Collection Centers & Infrastructure;-Automatic Milk Collection Station is a

specially designed integrated unit which is a combination of several units i.e. Milk Weighing

System, Electronic Milk Testing, Personal Computer with printer and battery.

The capacity of Automatic Milk Collection Stations is to analyse 120 to 150 samples per hour.

The sequence of operations require insertion of smart card/identity number, pouring of milk

in a weighing container, collection of milk samples at the time of pouring, measurement of fat

content and calculation of payment and printing of payment slip.



Since the process is simple, no technical collaboration is envisaged for the project, however

the Milk Unions/Private Dairy Plants would be providing guidance to the societies/collection

centres in purchase and installation of Automatic Milk Collection Stations and also training of

manpower in operations and maintenance. The equipment also helps the milk co- operatives /

milk collection centers in maintaining summary of milk collected and supplied together with

the rate on a daily, monthly and yearly basis. The Cost of Automatic Milk Collection Unit

( ) 127000/-

The Automatic Milk Collection Stations can be established with the following objectives.

To increase the efficiency and accuracy of fat testing in milk. To test for other

constituents of milk like SNF%, Water % etc,.

To reduce the staff of the society/collection centre through automation and economise

the operations by avoiding manual registers.

To gain confidence of milk producers through transparent systems and thereby

increasing the milk procurement.

Potential areas: Many of the milk processing plants in cooperative as well as private

sector introduced the Automatic Milk Collection Stations in their procurement

network. These stations can be financed in most of the societies/milk collection

centres where daily milk procurement is more than 350 litres.

Beneficiaries: These units can be established by the Milk Cooperative Societies of the

Cooperative Milk Union or Milk Collection Centre of private dairies. Alternatively individuals

also can be encouraged to set up these stations in tie up with organized dairies.

15.2 Purchase of Milking Machines (Single & Double Bucket) Milking Machine as

Portable is important equipments for today's dairy industry, it is widely used in small, medium

and large Dairy farms. Also personal use is more and more common. Milking machine consists

of vacuum pump, milk pulsator, electric motor, milk bucket etc. And the motor could be used

as electric motor, diesel motor and gasoline motor. Milking Machine Features with mobile

wheel, flexible and convenient to move the milk. Having Both operation and maintenance as

simple. motor to meet& use in different uses voltage Low noise and for high milk production.

Saving labor and improving economic of units. Unit cost may vary from Rs 9000to 15000 (US

$800-1500 for one Set))

15.3 Setting of Milk Chilling/Bulk Milk Cooling Centres The Bulk Milk Cooling Unit

comprises of bulk cooling tank with accessories, DG set, weighing machine, weighing bowl,

roller conveyor, can wash tub, Automatic Milk Collection Unit (AMCU), water storage tanks etc

with the capacity of Bulk Milk Cooling Units ranging from 500 to 10000 litres. The bulk milk

cooling centres with the following objectives can be established.

To arrest bacterial growth, retain freshness and enhance the keeping quality of milk.

To avoid economic losses to the producers due to spillage/sourage of milk.

To make available quality milk for production of quality products for export as well as

to meet the domestic requirements.



To reduce the transportation cost by regulating transportation of the milk on

alternative days or once in day for two collections and also through reduction in

expenditure on purchase and maintenance of cans.

To ensure clean milk production

Potential areas: Bulk Milk Cooling Units are now taken up in all parts of the country. The

scheme has potential to finance in Operation Flood programme (OFP) and also In non- OFP

districts under Govt., private and cooperative sectors.

Beneficiaries: Village Milk Cooperative Societies of Cooperative Milk Unions or Milk Collection

Centres of private Dairies or. units. Producer Companies, SHG Federations, individuals in tie up

with private dairies can also take up the activity. The bulk cooling units are also considered as

part of large dairy farms and processing units. :

The capital cost varies with the capacity and the specifications of the Bulk Milk Coolers.

However, two models can be considered i.e. 2000 and 5000 litres capacity, whose unit costs

(approximate) may be Rs. 12.80 lakhs and 20.00 lakhs respectively.

Setting up /modernization/strengthening of milk processing units :-Organized dairy sector

(both cooperatives and private) is presently handling only 10-12 percent of total milk

production in the country. The target and achievements of milk production, procurement and

processing in cooperative sector indicates, there is a wide scope for processing of milk and

manufacture of E Export performance: Dairy products form one of the fastest growing

segments in the livestock product export. The major products exported are malted milk foods,

ghee and cheese (to some EXPORT POTENTIAL AND MARKEST;-

Bangladesh, United Arab Emirates, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Oman are the potential countries for

export of malted milk products, butter and ghee. The export of milk and milk products to

currently existing markets would increase to Rs.285 million and to new markets to Rs. 155

million. Thus the exports is likely to touch Rs.440 million (APEDA estimates) by the turn of the

century. The GATT agreement further gave a boost to the dairy industry, as India has a c 5.

The objective of these scheme is to enhance the keeping quality of milk and also to avoid

economic losses to farmers. For manufacturing various milk products to make it available for

the domestic market as well as for export markets. comparative cost advantage in regard to

milk production.

i).TYPE OF PROJECTS

The type of milk processing projects that are normally considered for financial assistance

are: Milk Chilling plants:

It involves collection of milk from the villages, chilling the milk to 3-4 degree Celsius and

transporting to the main dairy for further processing and manufacture of products;

ii). Market Milk Plants:

It involves procurement of milk from the villages, chilling, pasteurization, homogenization,

packing of milk of various brands (whole, standard, toned and double toned milk) and

supplying them to the consumers. The surplus fat is converted into ghee or table butter or sold

as cream to bakeries;



iii). Composite Milk Processing Plants:

The project involves the collection of milk and processing into market milk and products like

milk powder, cheese, butter, ghee, etc.

PC based Automatic Milk Collection Unit at Milk Collection Center:- PC based AMCU

comprises of Computer ,Bi-Lingual DudhGanga Software, Milk Analyzer ,Churner. Electronic

Weighing Scale, Digital Display, Printer, UPS, Batter, Splitter etc.

Milk is collected at the Milk Collection Centers (MCC) located in villages. Number of milk

farmers supply milk to these Milk Collection Centres. .PC based Automatic Milk Collection Unit

(PC based AMCU) that automates the milk collection process at Milk Collection Centers. The PC

based AMCU helps in improving the day-to-day activities at these Milk Collection Centers. It is

a complete milk collection setup in which the Weighing Scale & Milk Analyzer is integrated

with PC along with bi-lingual Dudh Ganga dairy management software

The purpose of PC based AMCU is to support the Milk Collection Centres for collecting better

quantity of quality milk in timely fashion. Reduced waiting period of farmers & elimination of

unfair practices are the results. Preparation of milk receipt & timely payments to farmer can

happen on shift basis with the use of DudhGanga software.

Working: Farmer brings milk in variety of containers and cans. At the MCC, a unique

identification number is given to each farmer. The operator enters the farmer code number in

the DudhGanga dairy software & takes a sample of milk for quality checking with Milk

Analyzer. It analyses parameters like FAT, SNF, added water & Temperature. The values are

automatically taken in the DudhGanga software and also displayed on the digital display to

farmer. Now Farmer pours milk into the Milk Can on weighting Scale. The weight is also

displayed on the Digital Display. It is also automatically taken into the DudhGanga software.

According to the rate chart basis, DudhGanga software calculates the milk rate & finally a

regional language receipt printout with all details is given to the farmer for the payments.

7.4 Horticulture Sector

Considering the development issues identified, the policy has been opted and the specific

interventions have been recommended for major horticulture crops, as detailed below. These

major recommended interventions have been projectized into action plans of the concerned

CDAPs. A brief description of the major interventions recommended is given below:

7.4.1 Infrastructure development in Seed production Farms

It is of utmost significance that there should be constant infrastructure development in the farms belonging to the Directorate of Horticulture & Farm Forestry, Madhya Pradesh for vegetable & spices seed production, so that improved services can be provided and fulfil the state seed demand in different scheme. The infrastructure development will be done in the farms, where seed production of potato and vegetables will be done. Observatory, improved implements, testing machine, grading & packing machine etc will be provided.



7.4.2 Improvement of farms and nurseries

The Directorate of Horticulture & Farm Forestry, Madhya Pradesh is operating 307 nurseries in the state. There is a constant demand being created in different schemes as well as scope for open sale of fruit plants.

A scheme is being proposed for the development of nurseries. As per this scheme, a fixed number of nurseries will be selected for development. It is intended to produce fruit plants to fulfil the demand created in different schemes and for open sale.

7.4.3 Farmers Training Centre

Strong training infrastructure is current need in every district head quarter. So many training activities are carried out round the year from different sources. Many schemes provide only training expenses. Proper training infrastructure is not available at the district level. Due to lack of suitable training programmes not prove effective.

It is proposed that training infrastructure with training hall, hostel along with other essential facilities a training centre should be established at every district.

Some training centres in selected districts are proposed every year.

7.4.4. Project On Strengthening Of Bio-Fertilizer Plant And Adoption of New Technology For Production Of Liquid Bio fertilizers (By Agro Industries Development Corporation)

Madhya Pradesh Government is pioneer in Organic farming and launching a separate policy to support organic farming in the state very soon. Strengthening of Bio- Fertilizer Plant and Adoption of New Technology for Production of Liquid Bio- Fertilizers will support the policy by enhancing the availability of these bio-fertilizers in the state. Reducing the use of chemical fertilizers will help the farmers in reducing the input cost along will reduction of huge amount of subsidy bill on chemical fertilizers. In addition to these savings, use of bio-fertilizers may also help in protecting the natural resources like soil and water by improving soil structure and reducing water pollution.

The existing plant which was established and whose production of bio-fertilizers were commenced from the year 1986 the most of laboratory equipments and plant machineries depreciation value has lessen down to zero and few are out of order and cannot be repaired and that such equipments are far off from modern technologies. Secondly that looking towards the awareness of organic farming amongst the farmers of the state our plant needs expansion.

Strengthening of Bio- Fertilizer Plant and Adoption of New Technology for Production of

Liquid Bio- Fertilizers

It is therefore proposed to consider this project for Strengthening of Bio- Fertilizer

Plant and Adoption of New Technology for Production of Liquid Bio- Fertilizers under

Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY). The strengthening of existing plant is proposed

with a view of procuring equipments and plant machineries with recent technologies

which would replace the obsolete machines. This will increase the capacity and

qualitative production of the plant. Introduction of new technology will also support

the plant to produce the liquid bio-fertilizer in the state. Additional storage facilities,



for raw and finished product, with advanced and modern technology have been

proposed to facilitate the delivery mechanism of the products in the state.

This project will be for a value of Rs. 450 lakhs..

7.4.5. Cold Storage

Cold storage is a vital component in helping the farmers preserve their produce and sell

them in off season, hereby getting a better price. As per Norms of NHM construction

cost Rs. 6,000/- per M.T. An amount of Rs. 120 Lakhs or 40% subsidy is required for

construction of maximum 5,000 M.T. capacity of cold storage.

7.4.6. Establishment of Analytical Laboratories:- Suitable analytical laboratories need to be

established in the state to assess and evaluate the quality of inputs. Research and

development on upgrading compost quality, biomass production, bio-fertilizers and bio control

measures should be the mandates of all agricultural research centres in the country.

These laboratories have the facility for INM/IPM infrastructure such as Disease Forecasting

units, Plant Health Clinics, Leaf Tissue Analysis Lab. and Bio control Laboratories.

7.4.7 Projects on Development of post harvest management viz grading, packaging Storage

and Marketing; - Projects of marketing opportunities and appropriate post harvest

management technological i.e. grading, packing, storage, transportation. Marketing of input

are to be encourage for maximizing benefit to farmers and to increase

present productivity – be formulated

7.4.8 Setting up of new cold storage infrastructure Pre cooling / Refrigerated Van, Cold chain

infrastructure etc; For the proper storage of Horti produce setting up of new cold storage

infrastructure ,with Pre cooling / Refrigerated Van is very productive Cold chain infrastructure

with multi-chamber cold storage units with technologies having energy efficient with provision

for thermal insulation, humidity control, advanced cooling systems, automation, etc., gives

longer storage to horticultural produce

7.4.9 Micro Irrigation :-

Drip Pine Line, and Rain guns are widely used to increase productivity in Horticultural crops.

Accordingly to the RKVY guideline these items will be distributed to the farmers on subsidy.

7.4.10 Pack House

Generally 25-30 percent fruits and vegetables are lost during its post harvest handling.

This results in huge loss of revenue, which otherwise could have been earned and this

loss could have been curtailed

There is a need to increase the number of multipurpose Pack houses The total capacity

of cold Storage facilities is over 7 lakh tonnes out of this , about more than 50% of total

capacity utilised by potato it self

To reduce these losses, it is intended to establish pack houses in each districts in those

areas where fruits and vegetables are grown in large areas. These should be multi-

chamber cold storage units with technologies which are energy efficient with provision

for thermal insulation, humidity control, advanced cooling systems, automation, etc.,

having specifications and standards approved by Govt.



An amount of Rs. 4.00 lakhs per pack house is being proposed for Govt Nursery & as

per NHM norms for farmers 50 % of capital cost or maximum Rs 2.00 lakhs Grant is

proposed.

7.4.11 Onion Storage

Lack of onion storage facility push farmers to sell their farm produce at minimum rate in peak

season consequently, they cannot increase their earnings. Even though, if they want to store

the crops produced, they do not have the facilities to protect onion from moisture and wet

conditions at large.

The scheme is designed to provide facilities to the onion growers to store their produce in

storage house which will be installed as demonstrated at district head quarter nursery in

each district having a capacity of 50 M.T. each. Assistance will be provided 50% or

maximum Rs. 1.60 lakh and 25 MT capacities with assistance of Rs 0.80 lakhs to farmers for

the construction of onion storage Increasing earning of onion grower

Protect farmers crop at their farm level from wet and monsoon environments for the

coming year and assistance norms are fallowed as per MIDH guidelines Increase in

earning of Onion grower farmers. Protect farmers’ crop at district level from wet and

moisture environment

7.5 Fisheries Sector

Fisheries department is responsible for fisheries development and conservation the state, for

which the department has resolved to continue through the available resources. Waters

reservoirs, ponds and tanks are spread over 3.45 lakh hectares area in the state, from which

area under waters reservoirs is 2.88 million hectares and area under rural ponds and puddle is

0.57 million hectares. Total area of 3.36 million hectares has been brought under fish culture

which include 2.86 million hectares of water reservoirs and 0.50 million hectares of rural lakes

and ponds. From above mentioned area, 12 water reservoirs spread over 1.71 million hectares

have been transferred to Madhya Pradesh Fisheries Federation, 45 water reservoirs spread

over 0.134 million hectares are subject to the department and 2575 irrigation waters

reservoirs, spread over 0.89 million hectares with average of 1,000 hectares have been

transferred to Panchayat Raj Institutions as per order number 1548/2008/36 dated 08.10.2008

by Department of Fisheries, State government of Bhopal.

Depending on the development issues identified, the policy has been opted and hence the

specific interventions have been recommended for the development of Fisheries Sector, as

detailed below. Further, these major recommended interventions have been projectized in the

action plans of the CDAPs. A brief description on the Schemes & major interventions

recommended are given below:

A. Fish Seed Production:

Fish seed is the main input in fish culture. The fish production & productivity is largely depend

on quality fish seed stocking. The present available water area is 3.43 lakh hectare and out of

this3.35 lah ha. Water area has been brought under fish culture. Till the end of 11th Five Year

Plan, an additional 0.77 lakh hectare would be available for fish culture (3.74 lakh hectare total

availability of water area till the 11th Five Year Plan). The estimated requirement o the fish



seed in the State is 6100 lakh fry against the present fish seed production level of the state is

5235 lakh standard fry, It is obvious that the availability of quality fish seed in adequate

quantity is the essential for fish culture. To bridge the gap between requirement and

production, to the large extent the construction of new hatcheries, development of rearing

space, strengthening of existing fish farm, and renovation of rearing space is proposed to

utilize fish production infrastructure upto optimum level.

To get self sufficiency in fish seed production, there is proposal for strengthening of existing

resources, construction of hatcheries & new rearing area, renovation of existing farms in Govt.

sector. To promote fish seed production in the Private sector, there is proposal to develop four

rearing spaces in each of the district in the private sector.

To mitigate the regular power cut in the rural areas there is proposal to install Solar LED

Based Lighting System, Installation of Solar Energy System in selected fish seed production

units. To meet out the demand of Fish Seed, it is proposed to have; strengthening of Existing

Fish Farms and construction of additional rearing area of the Department as well as

Federation. Additionally it is also proposed to have development in the Private sector. Another

additional activity at be taken up is Installation of Solar Based Light System in Fish Farms.

B. Training

The Fisheries of M.P. State is promise to contribute a vital share in rural economy employment

generation upliftment of socially & economically ST/SC & backward class people , those are

earning their livelihood from fisheries activities and provide fish to the food basket.

The fish farmers are mostly illiterate and belongs backward class, due to lack of technical

know-how of fish culture practices, they are not getting optimum fish production from the

tanks. Previously fish culture training had been given under the centrally sponsored scheme.

The scheme stopped since 2009-10. Hence the training of fish culture proposed under the

RKVY scheme, for augmentation of fish production and productivity, to the beneficiaries of

FFDA. The water bodies (village ponds and tanks) are leased out to local fishermen for 10 years

lease, the bonefishes will be training in fish culture activities in the district. There is a condition

in Bank financing for concerning beneficiaries, they should be a trained in fish culture, so that

the 2500 fish farmers every year will be trained of different district under the scheme in the

year 2009 - 10, 2010-11 and 2011 - 12 . The expenditure will be Rs. 1100/- per fishermen for 10

days training programme. Total expenditure will be 27.50 lakh as per NABARD norms. these

trainings of FFDA beneficiaries will be conducted in the concerning district, who has taken

village pond / tanks for long term years lease. The training will be conducted at the fish seed

farm / reservoirs .

C. Development of Reservoirs/Fish Ponds

Reservoirs are large water bodies, in which mainly the capture cum culture techniques is

applied. The total available water area 3.43 lakh ha. is available for fish culture. out of which

2.87 lakh ha. water area in the reservoirs i.e. 82% so that the state fisheries mainly reservoirs.

Only the adequate quantity of quality seed can enhance the production and productivity of the

reservoirs . So that the fish seed stocking is limiting factor for the reservoirs development. The

present productivity reservoirs is 52 kg/ha/ryr. can be enhance up to the 100/kg/ha/yr.



Fisheries Policy of the state the power of water bodies, management and development given

to 3 Tier Panchayat by expanding the land area. Panchayat Raj bodies, detail are given below

Sl. No.

Category of Water Bodies (in hectare)

Management Authority

1 0 - 10 Gram Sabha

2 > 10 – 100 Janpad Panchayat

3 > 100 – 2000 Zila Panchayat

4 Above 2000 M.P. Fisheries Federation

As the fisheries policy, reservoirs are the leased out to primary cooperative societies on

priority basis for 10 year lease. The proposal submitted @ 1000 fingerlings / ha ( 70 to 100

mm size ) the total areas will covered 42945 has out of which 1425 reservoirs of Janpad

Panchayat 39267 & 160 reservoirs of Zila Panchayat 43,678 ha and 9 reservoirs of M.P.

Fisheries Federation 1,72,618 ha. The total fish seed required 1043 lakh fingerlings. The

requirement of fish seed fingerlings of Department and Federation will be 828 lakh & 215 lakh

respectively .

As per the norms approved National Fisheries Development Board, , the cost of fingerlings will be Rs. 1/ each , so that ,the total cost of fish seed fingerlings is Rs. 1043 lakh .and as per the proposed scheme maximum 50% given as subsidy under the scheme. The full amount of seed procurement to the M.P. Fish Federation

No .of water area (ha.)

Stocking in lakh

Cost of the fish seed in lakh

Subsidy of 50% in lakh

1 Department

Janpad. 39267 392 392 186

Zila Panchyat 43678 436 436 218

Total 85945 828 828 414

2 M.P. Federation 172216 215 215 215

Total of 1+2 2,55,563 1043 1043 629

Fish seed will be stocked in the Janpad Panchyat, Zila Panchyat & Federation reservoirs .The

seed will procured from Govt.& private fish seed farms. Fish Seed stocking in Reservoirs of

M.P. Fisheries Federation. There are 10 reservoirs under the jurisdiction of M.P. Fisheries

Federation to stock the fish seed in the reservoirs @ 500 fingerlings/ha . As per approval of

National Fisheries Development Board, the cost is Rs. 1/- per fingerling expenditure. The

total expenditure will be Rs. 215.00 lakh demanded in the year 2010-11.

d. Renovation of Pondi Fish Farm -

Fish seed production is the main input for Fisheries Development. Pond fish farm is an assets

to the Department of Fisheries. About 20% of the fish seed production, comes through this

farm. In order to enhance the fish seed production of farm, it needs and immediate earth work



& maintenance of farm. In this connection fencing, renovation and electrification work of

Pondi farm are proposed under RKVY Project. For this sum of Rs. 47.00 lakhs is an absolute

demand under this scheme for year 2008-09.

e. Establishment of hatchery for Magur and ornamental fish

The proposal on the establishment of hatchery for Magur, Prawn, Ornamental fishes,

Mahasheer and strengthening of training facilities for capacity building of Department of

Fisheries.

f. Establishment of Information, Training-cum-Research Centre -

The state is endowed with rich and varied expansion of water resources, including Rivers,

Village pond, tanks and Reservoirs. The fisheries activities in these water bodies are playing an

important role in rural economy. Fish culture is bound to increase the present and future

requirement of food, health and livelihood security, which can be addressed only by insuring

their sustainable use. The Department of Fisheries proposes to develop infrastructure for

technology transfer, solve the local problem, facing by fishermen through research unit, to

increase interest in fish and fishery to educate personnel and provide information regarding

Bio-Diversity to students of College and Universities. The proposal submitted to establishment

of Information, Training-cum-Research Centre

To develop the Human Resources Development a training centre is to be established. All the

above mention centre i.e. Information, Training-cum-Research Centre proposed to

establishment in one place with the financial assistance of RKVY.

g. Upgradation Of State Training Institute

State training institute established in the year 1961-62 at Nowgong Distt. Chhatarpur perform

the Asstt. Fisheries Officer & fisheries Inspector's 10 months training, also organized short

term oriented or refreshal course programme for department field officer and fishermen. The

head of the Training Institute i.e. Principal is Dy. Director of fisheries & senior Asstt. Director of

Fisheries are posted as lecture in the training institute. To provide hi-tech training and

effective fish culture programme, existing training institute need some upgradation.

h. Upgradation Of Research Unit

The State research unit situated at Patra Fish Seed Farm Bhopal The main purpose of research

unit is to investigate how to increase the fish productivity, how to control the fish disease and

effect of aquatic weed on production of fish. Productivity of the ponds is effected by physio-

chemical condition of water and soil. Research unit examine the pond water and soil &

biomass, and suggest the treatment and feed of fish for fish culture. Research unit also suggest

the measure parameter, how to increase the productivity of water bodies and prevent the fish

disease. The State research unit required some hi-tech digital devises for physical and

chemical analysis of water., soil biomass, nature of fish diseases etc

I. Boat, Net and Cycle with Insulated Box

About 698 fishing boat, 6980 Kg. fishing net, 212 No. of insulated box with cycle have been

provided to fishermen, to promote the efficiency and value addition of the reservoir. These

activities, to enhance the present fish productivity 52 Kg/ha/year to 100 Kg/ha/year and also

improved the socio-economic condition of fishermen.



II. Mechanized Boats: -

Reservoirs are larger bodies, where mainly the captures cum culture techniques are applied. It

is necessary to provide mechanized boats to fulfill the targets of fish production. These boats

will also be used for monitoring or checking of illegal fishing, and conservation of fish during

the close season. For improving the management of reservoir, an efficient technical staff and

control of reservoir are the key.

III Watchman hut cum weighing centre

The scheme on development of reservoirs is being proposed and aimed to provide

infrastructure facilities such as weighing centre, storage cum landing sheds for proper storage,

transport and marketing of fish from reservoirs.

j. Development of Reservoirs/Fish Ponds

Reservoirs are large water bodies, in which mainly the capture cum culture techniques is

applied. The total available water area 3.43 lakh ha. is available for fish culture. out of which

2.87 lakh ha. water area in the reservoirs i.e. 82% so that the state fisheries mainly reservoirs.

Only the adequate quantity of quality seed can enhance the production and productivity of the

reservoirs . So that the fish seed stocking is limiting factor for the reservoirs development. The

present productivity reservoirs is 52 kg/ha/ryr. can be enhance up to the 100/kg/ha/yr.

Fisheries Policy of the state the power of water bodies, management and development given

to 3 Tier Panchayat by expanding the land area .Panchayat Raj bodies, detail are given below

Sl.

No.

Category of Water Bodies (in

hectare)

Management Authority

1 0 - 10 Gram Sabha

2 > 10 – 100 Janpad Panchayat

3 > 100 – 2000 Zila Panchayat

4 Above 2000 M.P. Fisheries Federation

As the fisheries policy, reservoirs are the leased out to primary cooperative societies on

priority basis for 10 year lease. The proposal submitted @ 1000 fingerlings / ha ( 70 to 100

mm size ) the total areas will covered 42945 has out of which 1425 reservoirs of Janpad

Panchayat 39267 & 160 reservoirs of Zila Panchayat 43,678 ha and 9 reservoirs of M.P.

Fisheries Federation 1,72,618 ha. The total fish seed required 1043 lakh fingerlings. The

requirement of fish seed fingerlings of Department and Federation will be 828 lakh & 215 lakh

respectively .



As per the norms approved National Fisheries Development Board, , the cost of fingerlings will be Rs. 1/ each , so that ,the total cost of fish seed fingerlings is Rs. 1043 lakh .and as per the proposed scheme maximum 50% given as subsidy under the scheme. The full amount of seed procurement to the M.P. Fish Federation

No .of water area (ha.)

Stocking in lakh

Cost of the fish seed in lakh

Subsidy of 50% in lakh

1 Department

Janpad. 39267 392 392 186

Zila Panchyat 43678 436 436 218

Total 85945 828 828 414

2 M.P. Federation 172216 215 215 215

Total of 1+2 2,55,563 1043 1043 629

Fish seed will be stocked in the Janpad Panchyat, Zila Panchyat & Federation reservoirs .The

seed will procured from Govt.& private fish seed farms. Fish Seed stocking in Reservoirs of

M.P. Fisheries Federation. There are 10 reservoirs under the jurisdiction of M.P. Fisheries

Federation to stock the fish seed in the reservoirs @ 500 fingerlings/ha . As per approval of

National Fisheries Development Board, the cost is Rs. 1/- per fingerling expenditure. The

total expenditure will be Rs. 215.00 lakh demanded in the year 2010-11.



Funds Requirement for the Infrastructure Development for the period of 12th five year plan

Rs. in Crores

S.No Activities related to Infrastructure Development Proposed Plan

Physical Financial

A Agriculture

1 Upgradation of block offices as Krishi Gyan Kendras 313 110.00

2 Strengthening of Agriculture extension and Training Centers 19 40.00

3 Strengthening of old Soil testing labs 51 35.00

4 Construction of new soil testing Labs 262 80.00

5 Strengthening of State Institute of Agriculture Extension &

Training

1 12.00

6 Strengthening of old, and construction with refurbishment of new

seed testing labs.

10 11.00

7 Strengthening of old, and construction with refurbishment of new

Fertilizer testing labs.

10 20.00

8 Strengthening of Seed Producing Government farms 48 28.80

9 Construction of Agri- Solution Centers 102 154.00

10 Strengthening of seed testing lab of State Seed Certification

Agency

5 1.50

11 Research related Infrastructure Projects under JNKVV Jabalpur and

RVSKVV, Gwalior

50 90.00

12 Infrastructure related projects of State Seed and Farm Vikas Nigam 40 40.00

13 Strengthening of State level Monitoring Cell for RKVY 1 20.00

14 Infrastructure related projects of Beej Sangh 25 15.00

15 Strengthening of Insecticide testing Lab 5 7.50

16 Construction of grain storage Go-down under cooperative 200 135.00

17 Solar Energy based Infrastructure 100 10.00

18 Construction and furnishing of Pesticide Residue Lab 5 25.00

19 Construction and furnishing of Post Entry quarantine Lab 1 5.00

20 Development of Farmers Resource Centers 51 20.40

21 Construction and furnishing of Advance Communication Center at

JNKVV, Jabalpur

1 4.00

22 Projects related to infrastructure for other research institutions to be

establish in MP

5 50.00

23 Any other infrastructure required to increase the efficiency of the

agriculture functionaries

- 50.00

24 Any other infrastructure required to be constructed for the other

line department for which funds are being transferred from

Agriculture budget during plan period

- 50.00

25 Minor Irrigation tank 204 71.40

26 Percolation Tank 510 25.50

27 Sprinkler 60000 50.80

28 Drip 20000 85.40

29 Pipeline 30000 45.00



30 Rain Gun 2550 4.00

31 Tube Well 15000 60.00

32 Dug Well 600 4.80

33 Diesel/Electrical Pump 50000 50.00

34 Solar Fencing 300 5.76

35 Solar Photo Voltaic Pump 500 48.00

36 Extension Infrastructure 75.00

Total:- Agriculture 1539.86

B Agriculture Mechanization

1 Development of Haldhar Sewa Kendra 51 25.50

2 Development Hi- Tech Training center 10 25.00

3 Strengthening of Agriculture Engineering Workshops 51 15.30

4 Strengthening of Directorate and its field units 52 7.80

5 Custom Hiring Centers 600 100.00

6 Mechanised Harvestors 20 10.00

7 Distribution of Implements and tools on subsidy 600000 160.00

8 Distribution of Equipment and Machines 150000 40.00

Total :- Agriculture Mechanization 383.60

C Animal Husbandry& Dairy

1 Maintenance of cold chains 50 15.00

2 Strengthening of existing Vet. Hospitals 10 2.50

3 Strengthening of State level Training Center 1 5.00

4 Strengthening of Cattle breeding farms 15 5.25

5 Establishment of Goat breeding farms 5 25.00

6 Strengthening of cattle feed units 5 40.00

7 Strengthening of cattle feed analysis Labs 5 8.00

8 Strengthening of District and block level Vet. Hospitals 400 60.00

9 Strengthening of Labs of Veterinary colleges 2 6.00

10 establishment of Milk Testing labs 5 5.00

11 Strengthening of veterinary Hospitals 90 13.50

12 Establishment of Vet. policlinics at Divisional level 10 9.00

13 Establishment of Buffalo breeding farms 5 10.00

14 Establishment of Vet. policlinics at Districts level 51 51.00

15 Establishment and strengthening of Dairy plants 51 204.00

16 Strengthening of frozen cemen station at Bhopal 1 5.00

17 Strengthening of Training centers 2 10.00

18 Purchase of Equipments and Machines 20 40.00

19 Conversion of Vet. Hospital in to policlinics 30 25.00

20 Establishment of Liquid Nitrogen Plants 4 12.00

21 Solar water Heating systems 10 10.00

22 Strengthening of Poultry farms 15 15.00

23 Establishment of Quality Control Labs 5 5.00

24 Strengthening and Modernization of State Vet. Hospital 1 6.00

25 Strengthening and upgradation of Vet. hospitals at remote areas. 300 7.50

Total - Animal Husbandry 587.25



D Horticulture

1 Strengthening of farmers Training centers 3 75.00

2 Improvement of farm and Nurseries 120 54.00

3 Establishment of Bio fertilizer plant 1 5.00

4 Construction of Small cold storage 17850 15.00

5 Micro Irrigation 10000 90.00

6 Plug Type Seedling technology 20 20.00

7 Any other items comes under Asset category like poly house, crates

etc.

2,20,000 10.00

8 Onion Storage 4000 60.00

Total - Horticulture 329.00

E Fishery

1 Upgradation of State level Information and Training Center 1 7.00

2 Upgradation of Research Unit 2 4.00

3 Upgradation of Fish seed farms and farmers training centers 350 23.25

4 Construction of Retail Fish markets 200 6.00

5 District level marketing Infrastructure 51 51.00

6 State level Fish Aquarium 1 10.00

7 Fishing Assets viz. Net, Boats and allied material 50000 7.00

8 Development of Reservoirs and ponds 5 1.50

Total- Fishery 101.25

Grand Total 211.00



Chapter-VIII

Monitoring and Evaluation

All the Infrastructures which are proposed in the RKVY State Infrastructure

Development Plan are according to the guide line issued by Government of India in the

beginning of RKVY. Every project covered under this category will have definite and

measurable output and outcome. The construction agency will be fixed by the various

department of state government , as PWD , RES, and other works department are already over

burdoned . The responsibility of issuing the technical sanctions will be of the construction

agency and administrative sanction will be issued by the respective department as per the

prevailing financial powers of different officers. The responsibility of quality control will be

entrusted to the concerned agency and time to time supervision will also be made by the

departmental officers.

Third party Impact Evaluation studies will also be conducted in due course of time after

the completion of the project.



Annexure A

ABBREVIATIONS

ACABC Agri Clinic & Agri Business Centre

ATMA Agricultural Technology Management Agency/Sub Mission on agriculture Extension

AETC Agriculture Extension & Training Centre

AMCU Automatic Milk Collection Units

CADA Command Area Development Agency

C-DAP Comprehensive District Agricultural Plan/s

CB Central Bank

DCB Dairy Cooperative Society

DEASI Diploma In Agricultural Extension Services for Input Dealers

DPMCU Data Processor & Milk Collection Unit

DPC District Project Coordinator

ETL Economic Threshold Level

ELISA Enzyme-linked immune -sorbent assay (ELISA)

FAO Food & Agriculture Organisation

FGD Focus Group Discussion

FSSAI Food Safety and Standards Authority of India

FFDA Fish Farmers Development Authority

FYM Farm Yard Manure

GCA Gross Cropped Area

GoI Government of India

GDP Gross Domestics Product

GoMP Government of Madhya Pradesh

Ha/ha Hectare

HYP High Yielding Varieties Programme

IFM Integrated fertilizer Management

IPM Integrated Pest Management

IPCC International Plant Protection Convention

ILD Integrated Live stock Development Centre

IARI Indian Agriculture Research Institute

ICAR Indian Council Of Agricultural Research

JNKVV Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa vidhyalaya

KVK Krishi Vigyan Kendra

MGNEREGA/MNREGA Mahatama Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act/ Yojana

MPNSRP MP Water Resource Department Scheme

MPSOCA Madhya Pradesh State Organic Certification Agency

MAPWA Participation of Women in Madhya Pradesh Agriculture

MCC Milk Collection Centre

MPWLC Madhya Pradesh Warehousing & Logistics Corporation

MT Metric Tonnes

m/mtr Meter



NADAP N.D. Pandharipande (Nadepkaka) (method of composting) living in Maharashtra (India).

NABARD National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development

NABL National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories

NFSM National Food Security Mission

NMSA National Mission Sustainable Agriculture

NMMI National Mission on Micro Irrigation

NMOOP National Mission on Oilseeds and Oil Palm

NMAET National Mission on Agriculture Extension &Technology

NAIS National Agricultural Insurance Schemes

NGO Non Government Organization

NIA Net Irrigated Area

PEQ Post Entry Quarantine

PGDAEM Post Graduate Diploma in Agriculture Extension Management

PDDL Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL)

PSL Priority Sector Lending

PACS Primary Agriculture Credit Society

PPP Public Private Partnership

PPP Participatory Planning Process

PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal

RKVY Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana

RVSKVV Rajmata Vijiyaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwavidhyalaya

RRB Rural Regional Bank

SIAET State Institute of Agriculture Extension & Training

SC/ST Schedule Caste/ Schedule Tribes

SHG Self Help Group

SPS Sanitary & Phyto Sanitary Agreement under WHO

SWOC Strength Weakness Opportunities and Challenges

SLSC State Level Sanctioning Committee

SRI System of Rice Intensification.

SF/MF Small Farmer/Marginal Farmer

SHG-BLP Self Help Group with Bank Linkage Programme

TFP Total Factor Productivity

TFI Total Financial Lending

VC&RI VETERINARY COLLEGE AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE,

WADI Wasteland Agriculture Development Initiative

WSHG Women Self Help Group

Zp Zila Panchayat

(saidp) under rashtriya krishi vikas yojana plan/saidp... · 2017-12-05 · state agriculture...

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