safety management system (sms) presentation -5 sept 06

SafetySafety Management SystemManagement System((Sistim Manajemen Keselamatan)Sistim Manajemen Keselamatan)

Ir. I G.N.A.Astawa, MScIr. I G.N.A.Astawa, MScIr. Alfino Alwie, MScIr. Alfino Alwie, MSc

BIODATA PEMBICARABIODATA PEMBICARA

Name : I Gusti Ngurah Anom AstawaName : I Gusti Ngurah Anom Astawa Educational Back Ground : Educational Back Ground :

S1 S1 -- ITB : Mechanical Engineering : 1984ITB : Mechanical Engineering : 1984--19891989 S2 S2 -- University of Warwick University of Warwick England : 1992 England : 1992 -- 19931993

Work ExperienceWork Experience IPTN (Indonesian Aircraft Industries) : 1990 IPTN (Indonesian Aircraft Industries) : 1990 -- 20012001 SGU SGU Lecturer 2001 Lecturer 2001 up to presentup to present PT. Indospec Asia (Inspection Company) : 2002PT. Indospec Asia (Inspection Company) : 2002--nownow

20022002--2004 : COPI Belanak FPSO certification 2004 : COPI Belanak FPSO certification project project management/ Project Controlmanagement/ Project Control

20022002--2003 : Unocal West Seno TLP2003 : Unocal West Seno TLP--A / FPU certification A / FPU certification project project management / Project Controlmanagement / Project Control

20042004--2005 : Project management advisory2005 : Project management advisory 2005 2005 now : Marketing Inspection & Certification Managernow : Marketing Inspection & Certification Manager

TEMA PRESENTASI :TEMA PRESENTASI :

Safety Management SystemSafety Management System(Sistim Manajemen Keselamatan)(Sistim Manajemen Keselamatan)

Serangkaian Pertanyaan Serangkaian Pertanyaan

Untuk memandu alur presentasi, akan diberikan Untuk memandu alur presentasi, akan diberikan serangkaian pertanyaan yang dibagi atas dua serangkaian pertanyaan yang dibagi atas dua kategori, yaitu :kategori, yaitu :

A. Pertanyaan yang berkaitan dengan penerapan Safety A. Pertanyaan yang berkaitan dengan penerapan Safety Management System untuk aplikasi secara umumManagement System untuk aplikasi secara umum

B. Pertanyaan yang berkaitan dengan penerapan Safety B. Pertanyaan yang berkaitan dengan penerapan Safety Management System khusus untuk kegiatan Management System khusus untuk kegiatan pemboran (drilling) pemboran (drilling)

Serangkaian Pertanyaan (A)Serangkaian Pertanyaan (A)

1. Apa itu SMS (Safety Management System) ?1. Apa itu SMS (Safety Management System) ?2. Apa tujuan penerapan SMS2. Apa tujuan penerapan SMS3. Bagaimana kita bisa yakin bahwa 3. Bagaimana kita bisa yakin bahwa

pengoperasian suatu peralatan/instalasi ada pengoperasian suatu peralatan/instalasi ada dalam kondisi aman, tidak membahayakan dalam kondisi aman, tidak membahayakan pekerja, lingkungan hidup atau aset pekerja, lingkungan hidup atau aset perusahaan ?perusahaan ?

4. Apa itu risk dan bagaimana menghitungnya ?4. Apa itu risk dan bagaimana menghitungnya ?

5. Bagaimana metodologi / langkah5. Bagaimana metodologi / langkah--langkah dalam langkah dalam melakukan risk assessment ?melakukan risk assessment ?

6. Apa itu bahaya (hazard) ?6. Apa itu bahaya (hazard) ?7. Apa perbedaan hazard dengan major accident 7. Apa perbedaan hazard dengan major accident

hazard ? hazard ? 8. Apa perbedaan bahaya (hazard) dengan resiko 8. Apa perbedaan bahaya (hazard) dengan resiko

(risk) ?(risk) ?9. Kenapa hazard identification itu sangat penting 9. Kenapa hazard identification itu sangat penting

dalam proses risk assessment dan bagaimana dalam proses risk assessment dan bagaimana caranya mengidentifikasi hazard ?caranya mengidentifikasi hazard ?


10. Dalam kontesk risk analysis, setelah 10. Dalam kontesk risk analysis, setelah tahapan mengidentifikasi bahaya, apa tahapan mengidentifikasi bahaya, apa tahapan selanjutnya ?tahapan selanjutnya ?

11. Dalam konteks risk analysis, apa itu 11. Dalam konteks risk analysis, apa itu probability, frequency dan likelihood ? probability, frequency dan likelihood ? Apa perbedaannya ?Apa perbedaannya ?

12. Apa itu consequence (konsekuensi) ?12. Apa itu consequence (konsekuensi) ?13. Bagaimana menghitung probability dan 13. Bagaimana menghitung probability dan

consequence ?consequence ?


14. Apa yang harus dilakukan setelah melakukan risk 14. Apa yang harus dilakukan setelah melakukan risk analysis ?analysis ?

15. Apa perbedaan risk analysis dengan risk assessment ?15. Apa perbedaan risk analysis dengan risk assessment ?16. Kalau dalam proses penilaian resiko (risk assessment) 16. Kalau dalam proses penilaian resiko (risk assessment)

misalnya diperoleh hasil bahwa risk levelnya tinggi, misalnya diperoleh hasil bahwa risk levelnya tinggi, langkah apa yang harus dilakukan ?langkah apa yang harus dilakukan ?

17. Apa itu risk mitigation ?17. Apa itu risk mitigation ?18. Upaya18. Upaya--upaya apa saja yang dapat dilakukan dalam upaya apa saja yang dapat dilakukan dalam

melakukan risk mitigation dan apa saja melakukan risk mitigation dan apa saja persyaratannya ? persyaratannya ?



19. Apakah setiap upaya19. Apakah setiap upaya--upaya risk mitigation upaya risk mitigation sepenuhnya bisa diterapkan ? Kalau tidak, apa sepenuhnya bisa diterapkan ? Kalau tidak, apa batasanbatasan--batasan acceptancebatasan acceptance--nya ?nya ?

20. Apa itu ALARP dan apa yang dimaksud 20. Apa itu ALARP dan apa yang dimaksud dengan RP (Reasonably Practicable) tsb ? dengan RP (Reasonably Practicable) tsb ?

21. Apakah besaran ALARP bisa dikuantifikasi ?21. Apakah besaran ALARP bisa dikuantifikasi ?22. Apakah ada batas22. Apakah ada batas--batas (region) dimana suatu batas (region) dimana suatu

risk level dapat dikategorikan dalam daerah risk level dapat dikategorikan dalam daerah intolerable, acceptable atau unacceptable ?intolerable, acceptable atau unacceptable ?

23. Apa itu Individual Risk Per Annum 23. Apa itu Individual Risk Per Annum (IRPA) ? (IRPA) ?

24. Apa arti dari nilai IRPA = 1 x 1024. Apa arti dari nilai IRPA = 1 x 10--33 per per year ?year ?

25. Apakah ada batas25. Apakah ada batas--batas toleransi untuk batas toleransi untuk nilai IRPA yang diijinkan ? nilai IRPA yang diijinkan ?


1. Apa itu Fatality Accident Rate (FAR) ?1. Apa itu Fatality Accident Rate (FAR) ?2. Seberapa besar nilai FAR (untuk 2. Seberapa besar nilai FAR (untuk

kegiatan drilling) di Indonesia ?kegiatan drilling) di Indonesia ?3. Seberapa besar nilai FAR (kegiatan 3. Seberapa besar nilai FAR (kegiatan

drilling) di negara lain (misalnya UK) ?drilling) di negara lain (misalnya UK) ?4. Apakah FAR (drilling) di Indonesia 4. Apakah FAR (drilling) di Indonesia

lebih baik atau lebih buruk lebih baik atau lebih buruk dibandingkan dengan FAR di UK ?dibandingkan dengan FAR di UK ?

Serangkaian Pertanyaan (B)Serangkaian Pertanyaan (B)

5. Untuk kegiatan pemboran, safety related 5. Untuk kegiatan pemboran, safety related studies apa saja yang perlu dilakukan ?studies apa saja yang perlu dilakukan ?

6. Bagaimana perbandingan kompleksitas 6. Bagaimana perbandingan kompleksitas safety related studies untuk kegiatan safety related studies untuk kegiatan drilling dan instalasi yang lain, seperti drilling dan instalasi yang lain, seperti misalnya untuk instalasi WHP, FPSO ? misalnya untuk instalasi WHP, FPSO ?


Risk Assessment

Safety Management System

Safety Case

Risk Management

Risk Analysys1. Hazid2. Probability3. Consequence

++ Risk Level, ALARP &Mitigation

++ SCE

++ Other SMS elements : organization, etc

++ Management summary, FD, FSA

1. Elimination2. Substitution3. Change / Modification4. Safety signs5. Reduce exposure6. Procedures7. PPE

Looping

Agenda PresentasiAgenda Presentasi PENGANTAR : Latar Belakang Implementasi SMSPENGANTAR : Latar Belakang Implementasi SMS SESSION 1 (Pertanyaan A1SESSION 1 (Pertanyaan A1--A8)A8)

A. Definisi SMS dan Tujuan PenerapannyaA. Definisi SMS dan Tujuan Penerapannya B. Understanding Hazard, Risk, dan Metodologi Risk Assessment B. Understanding Hazard, Risk, dan Metodologi Risk Assessment

SESSION 2 (Pertanyaan A9SESSION 2 (Pertanyaan A9--A18)A18) A. HAZARD IDENTIFICATIONA. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION B. RISK ANALYSISB. RISK ANALYSIS C. RISK ASSESSMENTC. RISK ASSESSMENT

Session 3 (Pertanyaan A19Session 3 (Pertanyaan A19--A25)A25) A. Risk Acceptance CriteriaA. Risk Acceptance Criteria B. ALARP dan BatasB. ALARP dan Batas--Batas ALARPBatas ALARP

SESSION 4 (Pertanyaan B1SESSION 4 (Pertanyaan B1--B6) B6) SMS untuk kegiatan drilling SMS untuk kegiatan drilling FAR untuk kegiatan drilling di indonesia dan UKFAR untuk kegiatan drilling di indonesia dan UK Safety studies untuk kegiatan drilling dan instalasi lain yang lSafety studies untuk kegiatan drilling dan instalasi lain yang lebih ebih

komplekskompleks SESSION 5 : Safety Management System, the Structure, model dan tSESSION 5 : Safety Management System, the Structure, model dan the he

elements elements

PENGANTARPENGANTAR

Latar Belakang Penerapan Safety Latar Belakang Penerapan Safety Case (Safety Management System)Case (Safety Management System)

Minyak dan Gas Bumi Minyak dan Gas Bumi merupakan sumber daya alam merupakan sumber daya alam yang tidak terbarukan dan yang tidak terbarukan dan mempunyai nilai strategismempunyai nilai strategis

Industri minyak dan gas bumi Industri minyak dan gas bumi merupakan industri yang merupakan industri yang padat modal (memakai padat modal (memakai banyak peralatan) dan banyak peralatan) dan memiliki memiliki potensi kecelakaan potensi kecelakaan tinggitinggi

RESIKORESIKO DALAM AKTIVITAS MIGASDALAM AKTIVITAS MIGAS ResikoResiko dalam kegiatan operasi migas bisa berupadalam kegiatan operasi migas bisa berupa ledakanledakan, ,

kebakarankebakaran, , pencemaranpencemaran lingkunganlingkungan karenakarena tumpahantumpahan minyakminyakataupunataupun bahanbahan berbahayaberbahaya dandan beracunberacun

KebocoranKebocoran PipaPipa

Piper Alpha disasterPiper Alpha disaster

6 July 19886 July 1988 226 POB226 POB 165165 DiedDied

Kecelakaan platform Piper Alpha yang terjadi pada tgl6 Juli 1988, dengan korban 165 orang meninggal dari226 orang pekerja yang berada di atas platform

PENGALAMAN ADALAH GURU PENGALAMAN ADALAH GURU YANG TERBAIKYANG TERBAIK

PELAJARAN APA YANG DAPAT DIPETIK PELAJARAN APA YANG DAPAT DIPETIK DARI KEJADIAN TSB ?DARI KEJADIAN TSB ?

LESSON LEARNEDLESSON LEARNED

Kecelakaan Piper Alpha :Kecelakaan Piper Alpha :Suatu Pelajaran BerhargaSuatu Pelajaran Berharga

Platform piper alpha dalam operasinya telah Platform piper alpha dalam operasinya telah dilengkapi dengan dilengkapi dengan certificate of fitnesscertificate of fitness (Indonesia : (Indonesia : SKPI)SKPI)

Kecelakaan karena disebabkan oleh Kecelakaan karena disebabkan oleh buruknyaburuknyaprosedur standar operasi dan prosedur standar operasi dan buruknyaburuknya konfigurasi konfigurasi peralatan yang ada. peralatan yang ada.

Kecelakaan Piper Alpha memberikan pelajaran Kecelakaan Piper Alpha memberikan pelajaran berharga dan merekomendasikan adanya berharga dan merekomendasikan adanya perubahan mendasar dalam penanganan safetyperubahan mendasar dalam penanganan safety

PERGESERAN POLA PERGESERAN POLA MANAJEMEN SAFETYMANAJEMEN SAFETY

Belajar dari pengalaman masa Belajar dari pengalaman masa lalu dan dengan adanya lalu dan dengan adanya perkembangan teknologi / perkembangan teknologi / metodologi baru yang lebih metodologi baru yang lebih efisien dan efektif telah efisien dan efektif telah menyebabkan pergeseran pola menyebabkan pergeseran pola manajemen safety yang manajemen safety yang berbasiskan berbasiskan prescriptive prescriptive ke ke goal goal setting approachsetting approach

Comparison :Comparison :Safety Case Assessment in UK & INDONESIA Safety Case Assessment in UK & INDONESIA

1992

Since 1992, there are over 1.300 offshore safety cases have been assessed

Since Feb 2002, there are aound 350 onshore safety cases have been assessed

40% to be returned because the safety cases failed to demonstrate ALARP satisfactorily

Feb,2002 Oct,2002 2003

Since October 2002,only 2 Safety casehas been being reviewed

UK

UK IND

6 July 1988

6 July 1988226 POB167 Died

Lord Cullens Recommendation :Safety case implemented

Apakah ada perbaikan tingkat keselamatan di Apakah ada perbaikan tingkat keselamatan di UK setelah penerapan SMS ?UK setelah penerapan SMS ?

AdakahAdakah Perbaikan setelah PenerapanPerbaikan setelah Penerapan SMS ?SMS ?

100%

10%

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

MAE - Before Safety Case was introduced After Safety Case was introduced

As can be seen, considerable improvements have been made over the past nine years to mitigate the effects of major accidents on an offshore installation. Initial indication shows that the risk of a major accident offshore in UK has been reduced by about 90%. If this is indeed shown to be statiscally corrrect, then the lesson of Piper Alpha will indeed have been learnt.(Ref. The Royal Society, 1998. The explosion and fire of Piper Alpha platform, 6 July 1998. A case study, by D.D.Drydale and R.Sylvester Evans, page 2945)

DATA KECELAKAAN DI KEGIATAN DATA KECELAKAAN DI KEGIATAN PEMBORAN PEMBORAN

TTAHUN 1996 AHUN 1996 -- 20022002Tahun

Klasifikasi Kecelakaan1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Ringan 33 13 12 20 6 6 3 93

Sedang 10 32 26 18 8 14 19 127

Berat 21 10 12 16 16 17 17 109

Meninggal 2 5 3 5 4 6 3 28

Total

Catatan :Ringan = 0 LTA, Sedang = LTA21 days LTA = Loss Time Accident

Session ISession I

(Pertanyaan A1(Pertanyaan A1--A8)A8)A. Definisi SMS dan Tujuan PenerapannyaA. Definisi SMS dan Tujuan Penerapannya

B. Understanding Hazard, Risk, dan Metodologi Risk B. Understanding Hazard, Risk, dan Metodologi Risk Assessment Assessment


1. Apa itu SMS (Safety Management System) ?1. Apa itu SMS (Safety Management System) ?2. Apa tujuan penerapan SMS2. Apa tujuan penerapan SMS3. Bagaimana kita bisa diyakini bahwa 3. Bagaimana kita bisa diyakini bahwa

pengoperasian suatu peralatan/instalasi ada pengoperasian suatu peralatan/instalasi ada dalam kondisi aman dan tidak dalam kondisi aman dan tidak membahayakan lingkungan hidup ?membahayakan lingkungan hidup ?

4. Apa itu risk dan bagaimana menghitungnya ?4. Apa itu risk dan bagaimana menghitungnya ?



hazard ? hazard ? 8. Apa perbedaan bahaya dengan resiko ?8. Apa perbedaan bahaya dengan resiko ?9. Kenapa hazard identification itu sangat penting 9. Kenapa hazard identification itu sangat penting



SMSSMS

SMS = Safety Management System, terdiri atas 3 Kata, SMS = Safety Management System, terdiri atas 3 Kata, yaitu :yaitu : SafetySafety ManagementManagement SystemSystem

Untuk bisa mengerti apa itu SMS, maka harus mengerti Untuk bisa mengerti apa itu SMS, maka harus mengerti Apa itu Safety ?Apa itu Safety ? Apa itu Management ?Apa itu Management ? Apa itu System ?Apa itu System ?

Kata Pertama :Kata Pertama :SAFETY / KESELAMATANSAFETY / KESELAMATAN

(Cakupan lebih luas, Safety = Keselamatan Kerja, Kesehatan dan L(Cakupan lebih luas, Safety = Keselamatan Kerja, Kesehatan dan Lindungan Lingkungan = K3LL)indungan Lingkungan = K3LL)

Safety / Keselamatan :Safety / Keselamatan : (Cakupan lebih luas, Safety = Keselamatan Kerja, Kesehatan dan Lindungan Lingkungan = K3LL)

Adalah suatu kondisi yang melingkupi suatu Adalah suatu kondisi yang melingkupi suatu peralatan / instalasi dimana dalam pengoperasian peralatan / instalasi dimana dalam pengoperasian peralatan / instalasi tersebut tidak menyebabkan peralatan / instalasi tersebut tidak menyebabkan adanya kerugian (keadaan yang membahayakan) buat adanya kerugian (keadaan yang membahayakan) buat manusia, lingkungan hidup maupun terhadap manusia, lingkungan hidup maupun terhadap peralatan / instalasi itu sendiriperalatan / instalasi itu sendiri

Kata Kedua :Kata Kedua :MANAGEMENT / MANAJEMEN MANAGEMENT / MANAJEMEN

MANAJEMENMANAJEMEN Adalah suatu kegiatan Adalah suatu kegiatan pengelolaan pengelolaan terhadapterhadap asset asset

perusahaanperusahaan yang berlangsung secara berkesinambungan yang berlangsung secara berkesinambungan dalam rangka mencapai tujuan / misi / visi perusahaan.dalam rangka mencapai tujuan / misi / visi perusahaan.

Asset perusahaan dikategorikan atas 5 M, yaituAsset perusahaan dikategorikan atas 5 M, yaitu Man (Labour / Tenaga Kerja)Man (Labour / Tenaga Kerja) Money Money Material Material Machine (Equipment, Facilities)Machine (Equipment, Facilities) Method (procedure, information)Method (procedure, information)

Kata Ketiga :Kata Ketiga :SYSTEM / SISTIMSYSTEM / SISTIM

SISTIMSISTIM Adalah suatu pendekatan (Adalah suatu pendekatan (approachapproach) dalam ) dalam

memandang suatu object, yang difokuskan pada memandang suatu object, yang difokuskan pada bagaimana object tsb menghasilkan suatu bagaimana object tsb menghasilkan suatu outputoutputtertentu melalui suatu tertentu melalui suatu prosesproses dengan dengan inputinput tertentu tertentu dan dalam suatu dan dalam suatu lingkunganlingkungan yang tertentu.yang tertentu.

Pertanyaan 1 : Pertanyaan 1 : Apa itu Safety Management System (SMS) ?Apa itu Safety Management System (SMS) ?

SMS adalah suatu sistem manajemen yang SMS adalah suatu sistem manajemen yang berisikan berisikan buktibukti--bukti yang bukti yang terdokumentasiterdokumentasi dengan baik dengan dengan baik dengan tujuan utamanyatujuan utamanya adalah untuk adalah untuk mendemontrasikan bahwa pengoperasian mendemontrasikan bahwa pengoperasian suatu peralatan / instalasi dijamin tidak suatu peralatan / instalasi dijamin tidak membahayakan pekerja dan lingkungan membahayakan pekerja dan lingkungan hidup serta aset perusahaan.hidup serta aset perusahaan.

Pertanyaan 1 : Pertanyaan 1 : Apa itu Safety Management System (SMS) ?Apa itu Safety Management System (SMS) ?

Untuk mencapai tujuan utamanya, SMS harus Untuk mencapai tujuan utamanya, SMS harus mampu mendemontrasikan bahwa semua mampu mendemontrasikan bahwa semua potensi bahaya yang ada telah diidentifikasi dan potensi bahaya yang ada telah diidentifikasi dan disiapkan pengendaliannya. Selain itu, SMS juga disiapkan pengendaliannya. Selain itu, SMS juga harus mampu mendemontrasikan bahwa apabila harus mampu mendemontrasikan bahwa apabila terjadi bahaya yang besar (major accident terjadi bahaya yang besar (major accident hazards) sistim penanggulangan, penyelamatan hazards) sistim penanggulangan, penyelamatan dan evakuasi dapat berfungsi dengan baik.dan evakuasi dapat berfungsi dengan baik.

Pertanyaan 2 : Pertanyaan 2 : Apa tujuan penerapan SMS ?Apa tujuan penerapan SMS ?

Tujuan penerapan SMS adalah untuk mendapatkan Tujuan penerapan SMS adalah untuk mendapatkan keyakinan bahwa suatu peralatan / instalasi yang akan keyakinan bahwa suatu peralatan / instalasi yang akan dioperasikan memiliki integritas yang cukup selama dioperasikan memiliki integritas yang cukup selama masa operasinya dengan tingkat resiko yang sekecil masa operasinya dengan tingkat resiko yang sekecil mungkin (mungkin (AAs s LLow ow AAss possible) terhadap manusia dan possible) terhadap manusia dan lingkungan hidup, serta aset perusahaan melalui upayalingkungan hidup, serta aset perusahaan melalui upaya--upaya pencegahan dan mitigasi bahaya yang secara upaya pencegahan dan mitigasi bahaya yang secara praktis dan logis upayapraktis dan logis upaya--upaya tersebut dapat diterapkan upaya tersebut dapat diterapkan ((RReasonably easonably PPracticableracticable) )

ALARPALARP

Pertanyaan 3 : Pertanyaan 3 : Bagaimana kita bisa yakin bahwa pengoperasian suatu peralatan Bagaimana kita bisa yakin bahwa pengoperasian suatu peralatan

/ instalasi ada dalam kondisi aman dan tidak membahayakan / instalasi ada dalam kondisi aman dan tidak membahayakan lingkungan hidup ?lingkungan hidup ?

Berdasarkan risk assessment yang dilakukan, Berdasarkan risk assessment yang dilakukan, dihasilkan dihasilkan tingkat resiko yang sekecil mungkin tingkat resiko yang sekecil mungkin ((AAs s LLow ow AAss possible) terhadap manusia dan possible) terhadap manusia dan lingkungan hidup serta aset perusahaanlingkungan hidup serta aset perusahaan

dan upayadan upaya--upaya pencegahan dan mitigasi yang upaya pencegahan dan mitigasi yang diusukan / dilakukan, secara praktis dan logis diusukan / dilakukan, secara praktis dan logis dapat diterapkan (dapat diterapkan (RReasonably easonably PPracticableracticable) ) ALARPALARP

Pertanyaan 4 : Pertanyaan 4 : Apa itu Risk dan bagaimana menghitungnya ?Apa itu Risk dan bagaimana menghitungnya ?

Resiko adalah merupakan produk perkalian antara Resiko adalah merupakan produk perkalian antara nilai probabilitas akan timbulnya suatu bahaya nilai probabilitas akan timbulnya suatu bahaya dengan nilai konsekuensi karena adanya bahaya dengan nilai konsekuensi karena adanya bahaya tersebut.tersebut.

Risk dapat dihitung dengan rumus berikut :Risk dapat dihitung dengan rumus berikut :Risk = probability x consequenceRisk = probability x consequence

RISK CALCULATION

Apa Risk itu Bisa diukur / dihitung ?Apa Risk itu Bisa diukur / dihitung ?

Ya, bisa.Ya, bisa.

Risk dapat diukur /dihitung baik secara Risk dapat diukur /dihitung baik secara kualitatif maupun secara kuantitatifkualitatif maupun secara kuantitatif

Risk CalculationRisk Calculation

API RP 580 :API RP 580 :In mathematical terms, risk can be calculated by In mathematical terms, risk can be calculated by equation : equation :

Risk = Probability x ConsequenceRisk = Probability x Consequence

BLOW OUT FREQUENCYBLOW OUT FREQUENCY

Percentage contribution (area)

Base Blow out Frequency

well head subsea well head subsea

OIL 4.60E-05 per well year 78% 22% 24 well 8.61E-04 2.43E-04

GAS 1.40E-04 per well year 78% 22% 24 well 2.62E-03 7.39E-04

Qty of wellWell Type

Generic Blow out Frequency *)

*) This generic blow out frequency was obtained from the E&P forum databasewhich mainly covers the North Sea and the Gulf of Mexico data. In total, 86.606 oil well years and 57.796 gas well years have been registered

Ilustrasi : Consequence of MAH

(for example : probability of fatality due to blow out)

Detection

Control / Isolation

Esc, Evac,Rescue

Time to escape(50%)

Prob of Failure = 9,8%

E,E,R = 77%

Probab

ility of

fatality=

9,8%*

50%*77

% =3,6

3%

Risk to personnel due to blow out event

Frequency of blow out per year = 7,39x10-4

Consequence of blow out to the exposed personnel = 3,63 % probability to fatality

Risk = Frequency x Consequence= 7,39x10-4 x 3,63 % = 2,68 x 10-5 fatality per year

Example 1 : Risk CalculationExample 1 : Risk Calculation

Risk to personnel due to MAE (e.g.BlowRisk to personnel due to MAE (e.g.Blow--Out) =Out) =

What is the frequency of blow out taking place per year(Dalam 1 tahun, berapa kali terjadi blow out ?) Dari statistik, misalkan 1 kali blow out dalam 1 tahun

Kalaupun memang terjadi blow out, berapa percent probabilitas yang menyebabkan kematian pada manusia disekitar area blow out ?Nilai probabilitasnya, tergantung pada sistem pencegahan dan penanggulangan bahaya yang diterapkan.

Misalkan probilitasnya = 10%

Risk = Frequency * Consequence= 1 * 10%= 0.1 = 1x10-1 THIS IS INTOLERABLE RISK





Misalkan probilitasnya = 0.01%

Risk = Frequency * Consequence= 1 * 0.01%= 0.0001 = 1x10-4 THIS IS TOLERABLE RISK






Risk = Frequency * Consequence= 1 * 0.00001%= 0.0000001 = 1x10-7 THIS IS ACCEPTABLE RISK

Example 4: Risk CalculationExample 4: Risk Calculation


What is the frequency of blow out taking place per year(Dalam 1 tahun, berapa kali terjadi blow out ?) Dari statistik, misalkan 1 kali blow out dalam 10 tahun atau 0.1 kali dalam 1 thn



Risk = Frequency * Consequence= 0,1 * 0.1%= 0.0001 = 1x10-4 THIS IS TOLERABLE RISK

RiskRisk Acceptance CriteriaAcceptance Criteria

Ilustration of ALARP Region

AcceptableRegion

TolerableRegion

IntolerableRegion

10-3

10-6

Tolerable only ifRisk reduction is impractical

Tolerable if cost of reduction would exceed the improvement gainedl

Necessary to maintainassurance that risk

remains at this level

Risk can not bejustified except

in extraordinary circumstances

A

L

A

R

P

(one fatality in1.000 manyrs)

(one fatality in1.000.000 manyrs)

Risk Acceptance CriteriaRisk Acceptance Criteria

There are 3 regions of risk acceptance criteria There are 3 regions of risk acceptance criteria ::

Intolerable regionIntolerable region Tolerable regionTolerable region Acceptable regionAcceptable region

Example : COMPANY GOAL / TARGET (in term of risk to personnel)

Individual risk of fatality of personnel who are operating,maintaining or attending the facilities shall not exceed 1x10-3 per manyears

IRPA < 1x10-3

(less than one fatality in 1.000 manyears).

AcceptableRegion

TolerableRegion

IntolerableRegion

10-3

10-6IRPA Acceptance Criteria









AcceptableRegion

TolerableRegion

IntolerableRegion

1x10-3

1x10-6IRPA Acceptance Criteria








in extraordinary circumstances= 0,001 = 0,1%

= 0,000001 = 0,0001%

Ilustration of Risk Acceptance Criteria

AcceptableRegion

TolerableRegion

IntolerableRegion

10-3

10-6









Individual Risk Criteria from other countries for people working at plants

10-3

I

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f

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t

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l

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y

p

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10-510-4

10-6

10-7

10-8Australia

(New Plant)

(COPI - BelanakFPSO)

10-6

10-7

10-6

10-5

10-3

10-5

Netherland(New Plant)

Individual Risk Criteria from other countries for people working at plants

10-3

10-8

10-510-4

10-6

10-7 Australia(New Plant) (COPI - BelanakWHP-A)

10-6

10-7

10-6 10-6

10-3

10-5

Netherland(New Plant)

10-3

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d

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u

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l

f

a

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a

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t

y

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a

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AcceptableRegion

TolerableRegion

IntolerableRegion

?

?

Is there any Risk Acceptance Criteria within Indonesian Regulatory







Example :Example :

Individual Risk of Fatality Individual Risk of Fatality = 1 x 10= 1 x 10--33 per per manmanyearyear

What does it mean ?What does it mean ?

Example : Risk of fatality (per year) for a worker working in an offshore platform= 1 x 10-3 Or IRPA (Individual Risk Per Annum) = 1 x 10-3

Risk of fatality (per year) or IRPA = 1 x 10-3

This means that 1 fatality is possibly to occur in 1000 man-years

In other words :Possibility of fatality for a worker in 1 year working = 1 x 10 -3 = 0.001 or = 0,1 %

Possibility of fatality for a worker in 1.000 year working = 1000 x 10-3 = 1 or = 100 %

If the only cause of death is an accident in the offshore platform,then a worker would live for an average of 1000 years.However, we are exposed everyday to many risks (e.g. heart disease, cancer, eartquake, poisoning, fires, explosion, etc) to our life both natural and manmade.

8 x 108 x 10--55per year workingper year working

8 x 108 x 10--55per 4.000 milesper 4.000 miles

8 x 108 x 10--55per 100 cigarettesper 100 cigarettes

8 x 108 x 10--55per 2 hrs climbingper 2 hrs climbing

1 year exposure or8.760 hours exposure(365 days/yr - 24hrs/day)2 hours exposure

1 year exposureOr 8.760 hours

Risk of rock climbing is 4.380 times higher than Working in chemical industry

2 hours exposure

1X4.380 X

1 fatality 1 fatality per 25.000 hrsper 25.000 hrs

1 fatality 1 fatality per 12.500 yrsper 12.500 yrs

1 fatality 1 fatality per 1.250.000 cigarettesper 1.250.000 cigarettes1 fatality 1 fatality

per 50.000.000 milesper 50.000.000 miles

Example 2: PLL (Potential Loss of Life)Example 2: PLL (Potential Loss of Life)

Say, there are 1.000 Say, there are 1.000 personnelspersonnels on board (POB) on board (POB) with the same level of risk IRPA = 1 x 10with the same level of risk IRPA = 1 x 10--33

PLL = IRPA x PLL = IRPA x PopulasiPopulasi= (1 x = (1 x 1010--33) fatality per man) fatality per man--yearyear x x 1.000 1.000

manman= 1 = 1 fatality per yearfatality per year

WhatWhat does it mean ?does it mean ?

It means that in 1 year of working there will be It means that in 1 year of working there will be 1 fatality is possibly taking place from those 1 fatality is possibly taking place from those 1000 personnels.1000 personnels.



hazard ? hazard ? 8. Apa perbedaan bahaya dengan resiko ?8. Apa perbedaan bahaya dengan resiko ?9. Kenapa hazard identification itu sangat penting 9. Kenapa hazard identification itu sangat penting



Pertanyaan 5 : Pertanyaan 5 : Bagaimana metodologi / langkahBagaimana metodologi / langkah--

langkah dalam melakukan risk langkah dalam melakukan risk assessment ?assessment ?

Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment= Risk Analysis + Mitigation= Risk Analysis + Mitigation

Risk Analysis

Risk Level :Menentukan tingkat resiko pada pekerja, masyarakat di sekeliling, lingkungan hidup dan asset

ALARP Demontration :Mendemonstrasikan bahwa usaha-usaha untuk mengurangi resiko ada dalam kondisi ALARP

Mitigasi :Usaha-usaha untuk mengurangi resiko

Risk Assessment =

+ + +

Qualitative Risk Matrix

Each of Identified Hazards

Risk Level

ConsequencesConsequences

PeoplePeople AssetsAssets EnvironmentEnvironment ReputationReputation

No No InjuryInjury

No No DamageDamage

No No EffectEffect

No No ImpactImpact

Slight Slight InjuryInjury

Slight Slight DamageDamage

SlightSlightEffectEffect

Single Single ImpactImpact

Minor Minor InjuryInjury

Minor Minor DamageDamage

Minor Minor EffectEffect

Limited Limited ImpactImpact

Major Major InjuryInjury

LocalisedLocalisedDamageDamage

LocalisedLocalisedEffectEffect

Considerable Considerable ImpactImpact

Single Single FatalityFatality

Major Major DamageDamage

Major Major EffectEffect

National National ImpactImpact

Multiple Multiple FatalityFatality

ExtensivExtensive e

DamageDamage

Massive Massive EffectEffect

International International ImpactImpact

Never heard ofNever heard ofin oil & gas in oil & gas

industryindustry

Has Has occuredoccuredin oil & gas in oil & gas

industryindustry

Has been Has been experienced by experienced by most operatorsmost operators

Happens several Happens several times per year times per year per operatorper operator

Happens several Happens several times per year times per year

per facilityper facility

Risks intol

erableR

isks tolera

ble if ALA

RPRisks

acceptabl

e if manag

ed for

continous

improveme

nt

FSA : (FERA,TGRA, DORA, SCRA)

Quantitative Risk Assessment

FSA( SGIA, EERA, ESRAA, TRIA)

Determine Risks

Are the risks Intolerable ?

Start

Are risk reduction possibel ?

Implement risk reduction measures

Are the risks Acceptable ?

Activity not permitted

Activity permitted

Activity permitted

Are risk reduction measures RP ?

Determine cost and benefit of

risk reduction measures


Periodic Review

No

Yes No

No

No

Yes

Yes

AcceptableRegion

TolerableRegion

IntolerableRegion

Risk Assessment Methology

Yes

Stop

Pertanyaan 6 : Pertanyaan 6 : Apa itu bahaya ?Apa itu bahaya ?

Hazard (Bahaya)Hazard (Bahaya)

Bahaya adalah suatu kondisi fisik yang secara Bahaya adalah suatu kondisi fisik yang secara potensial dapat membahayakan kesehatan / potensial dapat membahayakan kesehatan / keselamatan manusia serta merusak lingkungan keselamatan manusia serta merusak lingkungan hidup dan aset perusahaan, atau kombinasi dari hidup dan aset perusahaan, atau kombinasi dari tiga hal di atastiga hal di atas

Pertanyaan 7 : Pertanyaan 7 : Apa itu major accident hazard Apa itu major accident hazard

(MAH) ?(MAH) ?

List of Common HazardsList of Common Hazards

FireFire ExplosionExplosion Toxic gasToxic gas ExplosivesExplosives Dropped ObjectDropped Object Blow outBlow out FatigueFatigue Sharp edgesSharp edges Ship CollisionShip Collision ElectricityElectricity Chemical agentsChemical agents MachinaryMachinary Hot surfacesHot surfaces Slipping & trippingSlipping & tripping Hazardous substancesHazardous substances EtcEtc EtcEtc EtcEtc

Pertanyaan 7:Pertanyaan 7:Major Accident Hazard (MAH)Major Accident Hazard (MAH)

MAH adalah suatu kondisi fisik yang secara MAH adalah suatu kondisi fisik yang secara potensial dapat menyebabkan kematian pada potensial dapat menyebabkan kematian pada manusia, kerusakan pada lingkungan hidup dan manusia, kerusakan pada lingkungan hidup dan aset perusahaan dalam skala yang besar, atau aset perusahaan dalam skala yang besar, atau kombinasi dari tiga hal diatas.kombinasi dari tiga hal diatas.

Example of Major Accident Hazards (MAH)

Inventory of high pressure hydrocarbon Explosions Fire Blow-outs Impact hazards due to dropped objects Ships collision Helicopter crash Toxic gas, etc

Pertanyaan 9:Pertanyaan 9:Apa perbedaan bahaya dan resiko ?Apa perbedaan bahaya dan resiko ?

Hazard Hazard RiskRisk

Hazard Identification Hazard Identification Risk AnalysisRisk Analysis

1. Hazard Identification :Mengidentifikasi Bahaya dan Penyebnya

3. Consequence of occurrenceMenentukan dampak terhadap manusia, lingkungan dan asset bila bahaya itu terjadi

2. Probability of occurrenceMenghitung seberapa besar kemungkinanterjadinya bahaya tersebut

Risk Analysis

Tools for Hazard IdentificationTools for Hazard Identification

1. Hazard Identification :Mengidentifikasi Bahaya dan Penyebabnya

3. Consequence of occurrenceMenentukan dampak bahaya yang terjaditerhadap manusia, lingkungan dan asset bila bahaya itu terjadi

2. Probability of occurrenceMenghitung seberapa besar kemungkinan(probabilitas) terjadinya bahaya tersebut

Risk AnalysisHOW ???What tools ? HAZOP What if FMEA FTA ETA etc

HOW ???

Quantified byMathematicalmodels

Historicaldata

HAZARD IDENTIFICATIONHAZARD IDENTIFICATION

Pertanyaan 9 :Pertanyaan 9 :

Kenapa hazard identification itu sangat penting Kenapa hazard identification itu sangat penting dalam proses risk assessment dan bagaimana dalam proses risk assessment dan bagaimana caranya mengidentifikasi hazard ?caranya mengidentifikasi hazard ?

Hazard Identification : Hazard Identification : The most critical stepThe most critical step

Hazard identification is almost the critical step Hazard identification is almost the critical step in safety work because a hazard that has not in safety work because a hazard that has not been identified can not be defended against.been identified can not be defended against.

MAHs for FSAMAHs for FSA

ForFor the purpose of the FSA the purpose of the FSA (Formal Safety (Formal Safety Assessment) studiesAssessment) studies, the focus of hazard , the focus of hazard identification is on those hazards with potential identification is on those hazards with potential to cause to cause fatalities or serious injuries /serious fatalities or serious injuries /serious damagedamage

In term of FSA, In term of FSA, identificationidentification of hazards (of hazards (HazidHazid) ) means means identification of identification of MAHsMAHs (Major Accident (Major Accident Hazards)Hazards)

Major Accident Analysis(FERA, TGRA, DORA,

SCRA)Identification and

Characterisation of Major Hazards Emergency Systems Survivability Analysis

Assess Impact of Major Hazards on Emergency

Systems

Smoke/Gas Ingress Analysis

Assess Impact of Smoke/ Gas on TR from

Hydrocarbon Events

TR Integrity Analysis

Assess Impact of all Possible Consequences on

TR Integrity

Escape, Evacuation and Rescue Analysis

Analyse Ability to Successfully Evacuate

PlatformQuantitative Risk

AnalysisEvaluate the Risk to

Personnel from Major Hazards

Analysis of ResultsInterpretation of Results, ALARP

Studies, etc

Conclusions

FSA Studies FSA Studies to QRA Relationshipto QRA Relationship

QRAFSA





Risk AnalysisWhat tools ? HAZOP What if FMEA FTA ETA etc

HOW ???


Historicaldata

Typical Steps for the HAZID studyTypical Steps for the HAZID study

1. Selection of a safety critical system and element1. Selection of a safety critical system and elementThe system for review and the relevant hazard category was seleThe system for review and the relevant hazard category was selected;cted;

2. Identification of hazards2. Identification of hazards::Hazards associated with the selected hazard category were identiHazards associated with the selected hazard category were identified based on a set of fied based on a set of guidewords;guidewords;

3. Brainstorming of potential causes and consequences of the h3. Brainstorming of potential causes and consequences of the hazardsazards::All potential threats and consequences of the hazards were identAll potential threats and consequences of the hazards were identified and recorded on ified and recorded on the HAZID worksheet;the HAZID worksheet;

4. Qualitative assessment of risk4. Qualitative assessment of risk: : Each of the hazards identified was ranked using the agreed risk Each of the hazards identified was ranked using the agreed risk matrix;matrix;

5. Review of appropriate controls and raise recommendations5. Review of appropriate controls and raise recommendations: : The appropriate controls or measures that will be in place to prThe appropriate controls or measures that will be in place to prevent/mitigate the event/mitigate the hazards were identified and evaluated. Further recommendations hazards were identified and evaluated. Further recommendations if necessary were if necessary were also identified; and also identified; and

6. Responsible action party6. Responsible action party: : Each action item was assigned to either the design team or to thEach action item was assigned to either the design team or to the project team for e project team for further review or necessary actions. further review or necessary actions.

Pertanyaan 10Pertanyaan 10--1313

10. Dalam kontesk risk analysis, setelah tahapan 10. Dalam kontesk risk analysis, setelah tahapan mengidentifikasi bahaya, apa tahapan mengidentifikasi bahaya, apa tahapan selanjutnya ?selanjutnya ?

11. Apa itu probability, frequency dan likelihood ? 11. Apa itu probability, frequency dan likelihood ? Apa perbedaannya ?Apa perbedaannya ?

12. Apa itu consequence (konsekuensi) ?12. Apa itu consequence (konsekuensi) ?13. Bagaimana menghitung probability dan 13. Bagaimana menghitung probability dan

consequence ?consequence ?

10. Dalam kontesk risk analysis, setelah tahapan 10. Dalam kontesk risk analysis, setelah tahapan mengidentifikasi bahaya, apa tahapan mengidentifikasi bahaya, apa tahapan selanjutnya ?selanjutnya ? Setiap bahaya yang telah diidentifikasi Setiap bahaya yang telah diidentifikasi kemudian dianalisa probability dan kemudian dianalisa probability dan consequence yang diakibatkanconsequence yang diakibatkan

Risk AnalysisRisk Analysis




Risk AnalysisWhat tools ? HAZOP What if FMEA FTA ETA etc

HOW ???


Historicaldata

11. Apa itu probability, frequency dan 11. Apa itu probability, frequency dan likelihood ? Apa perbedaannya ?likelihood ? Apa perbedaannya ?

11. Probability, Frequency & Likelihood

Probability represents the statistical chance of something happening. Probability values are dimensionless

e.g. : p = , p = 1/6, p = 90%

Frequency represents the number of occurences of an event in a particularunit of time. Frequency has units of inverse of time

e.g. The frequency for a pipe rupture, say 0,01 per year, indicating that 1 failure in 100 years of operationcan be expected for a pipe that is in continuous service.

Likelihood can represent for either probability or frequency, but it is qualitative and subjective. .

Kategori Frequency of MAHKategori Frequency of MAH

Never heard of

in oil & gas industry

Has occured

in oil & gas industry

Has been experienced by most operators

Happens several

times per year per operator

Happens several

times per year per facility

12. Apa itu consequence (konsekuensi) ?12. Apa itu consequence (konsekuensi) ?

Consequences

People Assets Environment Reputation

No Injury

No Damage

No Effect

No Impact

Slight Injury

Slight Damage

SlightEffect

Single Impact

Minor Injury

Minor Damage

Minor Effect

Limited Impact

Major Injury

LocalisedDamage

LocalisedEffect

Considerable Impact

Single Fatality

Major Damage

Major Effect

National Impact

Multiple Fatality

Extensive Damage

Massive Effect

International Impact

Each of Identified Hazards

Qualitative Risk Tolerability Matrix

Risk Level

Consequences

People Assets Environment Reputation

No Injury

No Damage

No Effect

No Impact

Slight Injury

Slight Damage

SlightEffect

Single Impact

Minor Injury

Minor Damage

Minor Effect

Limited Impact

Major Injury

LocalisedDamage

LocalisedEffect

Considerable Impact

Single Fatality

Major Damage

Major Effect

National Impact

Multiple Fatality

Extensive

Damage

Massive Effect

International Impact

Never heard ofin oil & gas

industry

Has occuredin oil & gas

industry

Has been experienced by most operators

Happens several times per year per operator

Happens several times per year

per facility

Risks intol

erableR

isks tolera

ble if ALA

RPRisks ac

ceptable if

managed

for

continous

improveme

nt

Ilustrasi efek domino Ilustrasi efek domino

Accidents do not just happenAccidents do not just happen

They are causedThey are caused

EFEK DOMINOFrank E.Bird Jr

Kerugian / Loss

Insiden / Incident

Sebab Langsung/Immediate Cause

Sebab Dasar /Basic Cause

Kurang Pengawasan /Lack of Control

EFEK DOMINO : EFEK DOMINO : Frank E.Bird JrFrank E.Bird Jr THERE ARE CAUSES OF ANY MAETHERE ARE CAUSES OF ANY MAE

Insiden / Incident

Sebab Langsung/Immediate Cause

Sebab Dasar /Basic Cause

Kurang Pengawasan /Lack of Control

MAE :Fire & Exlposion

THE CA

USES O

F MAE

MinorHazard

Prevention / isolation of minor hazard for causing bigger hazard

Major AccidentHazard

Major Accident Hazard does not occur

because the minor hazard has

been prevented / isolated for causing bigger hazard

ilustration of ilustration of MAH PREVENTION MAH PREVENTION

ilustration of ilustration of Fatality prevention due to Major Accident EventFatality prevention due to Major Accident Event

Fatality do not occur because system for escape, evacuation and rescue work perfectly

Detection and controlling

Prevention /isolation

Temp Refuge

Escape, EvacuationAnd Rescue,

Major

Accid

ent

Even

tFIRE

Mitigat

ion of M

AH con

sequen

ce

MAH

Preventi

on of ha

zards

for causi

ng bigge

r hazard

s

Detection &Controlling

Prevention /Isolation

TR

EERPre

vention

of MA

H occu

ringPro

bability

of MA

H

taking

place

Consequ

ence

of MAH

to fatality

Hazards RISK = Probability X Consequece

13. Bagaimana menghitung 13. Bagaimana menghitung probability dan consequence ?probability dan consequence ?





Risk AnalysisHOW ???What tools ? HAZOP What if FMEA FTA ETA etc

Historical dataQuantified by

Mathematicalmodels

BLOW OUT FREQUENCYBLOW OUT FREQUENCY

Percentage contribution (area)

Base Blow out Frequency

well head subsea well head subsea

OIL 4.60E-05 per well year 78% 22% 24 well 8.61E-04 2.43E-04

GAS 1.40E-04 per well year 78% 22% 24 well 2.62E-03 7.39E-04

Qty of wellWell Type

Generic Blow out Frequency *)

*) This generic blow out frequency was obtained from the E&P forum databasewhich mainly covers the North Sea and the Gulf of Mexico data. In total, 86.606 oil well years and 57.796 gas well years have been registered

Detection

Control / Isolation

Esc, Evac,Rescue

Time to escape(50%)

Prob of Failure = 9,8%

E,E,R = 77%

Probab

ility of

fatality=

9,8%*

50%*77

% =3,6

3%

Example of MAH frequency Calculation

Suppose a piece of equipment containing hydrocarbon is being assessed. An event tree starting with a loss of containment as shown by figure below :

Loss of ContainmentFrequency of Failure = 1/1000 (one failure in 1000 years)

= 0.001 failure /year

No FireProbability of Non-ignition = 99% = 0.99

FireProbability of Ignition = 1% = 0.01

Frequency of Fire = 0.001 fire / year * 0.01 = 0.00001 / year = 1 x 10 -5 fire per year = 0,001 % fire per year

Mitigat

ion of M

AH con

sequen

ce

MAH

Preventi

on of ha

zards

for causi

ng bigge

r hazard

s

Detection &Controlling

Prevention /Isolation

TR

EERPre

vention

of MA

H occu

ringPro

bability

of MA

H

taking

place

Consequ

ence

of MAH

to fatality

Hazards RISK = Probability X Consequece

14. Apa yang harus dilakukan setelah melakukan risk 14. Apa yang harus dilakukan setelah melakukan risk analysis ?analysis ?

15. Apa perbedaan risk analysis dengan risk assessment ?15. Apa perbedaan risk analysis dengan risk assessment ?16. Kalau dalam proses penilaian resiko (risk assessment) 16. Kalau dalam proses penilaian resiko (risk assessment)

diperoleh hasil bahwa risk levelnya tinggi, langkah apa diperoleh hasil bahwa risk levelnya tinggi, langkah apa yang harus dilakukan ?yang harus dilakukan ?

17. Apa itu risk mitigation ?17. Apa itu risk mitigation ?18. Upaya18. Upaya--upaya apa saja yang dapat dilakukan dalam upaya apa saja yang dapat dilakukan dalam

melakukan risk mitigation dan apa persyaratannya ? melakukan risk mitigation dan apa persyaratannya ?


14. Apa yang harus dilakukan setelah 14. Apa yang harus dilakukan setelah melakukan risk analysis ?melakukan risk analysis ?

Risk Assessment


Safety Case

Risk Management



++ SCE




Looping

15. Apa perbedaan risk analysis dengan 15. Apa perbedaan risk analysis dengan risk assessment ?risk assessment ?


Risk Analysis




Risk Assessment =

+ + +

16. Kalau dalam proses penilaian resiko 16. Kalau dalam proses penilaian resiko (risk assessment) diperoleh hasil (risk assessment) diperoleh hasil bahwa risk levelnya tinggi, langkah bahwa risk levelnya tinggi, langkah apa yang harus dilakukan ?apa yang harus dilakukan ? Risk MitigationRisk Mitigation


Risk Analysis




Risk Assessment =

+ + +

Determine Risks

Are the risks Intolerable ?

Start

Are risk reduction possibel ?


Are the risks Acceptable ?

Activity not permitted

Activity permitted

Activity permitted

Are risk reduction measures RP ?

Determine cost and benefit of

risk reduction measures


Periodic Review

No

Yes No

No

No

Yes

Yes

AcceptableRegion

TolerableRegion

IntolerableRegion

Risk Assessment Methodology

Yes

Stop

17. Apa itu risk mitigation ?17. Apa itu risk mitigation ?

18. Upaya18. Upaya--upaya apa saja yang dapat upaya apa saja yang dapat dilakukan dalam melakukan risk dilakukan dalam melakukan risk mitigation dan apa persyaratannya ? mitigation dan apa persyaratannya ?

Risk MitigationRisk Mitigation

Mitigasi adalah suatu upaya yang diusulkan / dilakukan Mitigasi adalah suatu upaya yang diusulkan / dilakukan dalam rangka memperkecil tingkat resiko yang ada, dalam rangka memperkecil tingkat resiko yang ada, dengan cara :dengan cara : Memperkecil probabilitas munculnya bahayaMemperkecil probabilitas munculnya bahaya Dan / atau memperkecil konsekuensi yang Dan / atau memperkecil konsekuensi yang

ditimbulkan oleh adanya bahaya tersebut.ditimbulkan oleh adanya bahaya tersebut. Dengan persyaratan bahwa upayaDengan persyaratan bahwa upaya--upaya tersebut upaya tersebut

harus dapat diterapkan secara praktis dan logis harus dapat diterapkan secara praktis dan logis ((RReasonably easonably PPracticableracticable) )

Contoh mitigasi : elimination, substitution, Contoh mitigasi : elimination, substitution, change/modification, safety sign, reduce exposure, change/modification, safety sign, reduce exposure, procedure, PPE, etcprocedure, PPE, etc

Risk Assessment


Safety Case

Risk Management



++ SCE




Looping


19. Apakah setiap upaya19. Apakah setiap upaya--upaya risk mitigation upaya risk mitigation sepenuhnya bisa diterima untuk diterapkan ? sepenuhnya bisa diterima untuk diterapkan ? Kalau tidak, apa batasanKalau tidak, apa batasan--batasan acceptancebatasan acceptance--nya ?nya ?

20. Apa kriteria dari RP (Reasonably Practicable) ? 20. Apa kriteria dari RP (Reasonably Practicable) ? 21. Apakah ALARP bisa dikuantifikasi ?21. Apakah ALARP bisa dikuantifikasi ?22. Apakah ada batas22. Apakah ada batas--batas (region) dimana suatu batas (region) dimana suatu

risk level dapat dikategorikan dalam daerah risk level dapat dikategorikan dalam daerah intolerable, acceptable atau unacceptable ?intolerable, acceptable atau unacceptable ?

ALARPALARP

Reasonably practicable is defined as where the cost of difficulty of making improvements (including capital cost, impact on schedule, additional maintenance, effect on process availability, etc) does not outweight the risk reduction gained.

ALARP is generally measured by engineering judgement, although as necessary, cost benefit analysis can be used as a quantitative demonstration of ALARP

How to achieve ALARP condition ?How to achieve ALARP condition ?(How to get the risk as low as possible with the prevention and(How to get the risk as low as possible with the prevention and

mitigation measures are reasonably practicable)mitigation measures are reasonably practicable)

How to achieve ALARP condition ?How to achieve ALARP condition ?(How to get the risk level as low as possible with the preventi(How to get the risk level as low as possible with the prevention and on and

mitigation measures are reasonably practicable ?)mitigation measures are reasonably practicable ?)

ALARP = As low as ALARP = As low as RReasonably easonably PPracticableracticable ALA ALA RPRP

Regulasi / Peraturan

Recommended Practice

=

R

e

a

s

o

n

a

b

l

y

P

r

a

c

t

i

c

a

b

l

e

Rp (Cost & Benefit Analysis)

RP = Reliable Parts

RP = Rules and Procedures

Bagaimana menilai suatu RISK itu Bagaimana menilai suatu RISK itu ALARP atau tidak ALARP ? ALARP atau tidak ALARP ?

Ilustration of ALARP Region

AcceptableRegion

TolerableRegion

IntolerableRegion

10-3

10-6


Tolerable if cost of reduction would exceed the improvement gained





A

L

A

R

P



Risk Assessment


Safety Case

Risk Management



++ SCE




Looping

RISK MANAGEMENTRISK MANAGEMENT

Safety Critical Elements Safety Critical Elements (SCEs)(SCEs)

SCEs : SCEs : the key elements of risk managementthe key elements of risk management

One of the key elements of risk management is One of the key elements of risk management is the identification of th preventive and protective the identification of th preventive and protective measures in place on an installation that act to measures in place on an installation that act to control risk to people, the environment and the control risk to people, the environment and the assets. assets.

Such measures are defined as Safety Critical Such measures are defined as Safety Critical Elements (SCEs)Elements (SCEs)

SCEsSCEs

SCEs are defined as those systems that are essential to :SCEs are defined as those systems that are essential to : PreventPrevent a MAE from occuring e.g. navigational aids, a MAE from occuring e.g. navigational aids,

overpressure protectionoverpressure protection DetectDetect a MAE a MAE has occurredhas occurred. Eg. Fire, gas and smoke . Eg. Fire, gas and smoke

detection systemdetection system Control the consequencesControl the consequences of MAE. E.g. ESD, blow down.of MAE. E.g. ESD, blow down. Mitigate the effectMitigate the effect of a MAE. E.g. Active or passive fire of a MAE. E.g. Active or passive fire

protectionprotection Enable the escape, temporary refuge, evacuation and rescueEnable the escape, temporary refuge, evacuation and rescue

goals to be metgoals to be met

SCESCE

MAE (example Fire)take place here

Prevention SystemDetection System

Control System

Mitigation system(to prevent escalation)

Escape,Temporary refuge,Evacuation,rescue

Pre-Contact Post -Contact

SAFETY STUDIES UNTUK SAFETY STUDIES UNTUK INSTALASI PEMBORANINSTALASI PEMBORAN


1. Apa itu Fatality Accident Rate (FAR) ?1. Apa itu Fatality Accident Rate (FAR) ?2. Seberapa besar nilai FAR (untuk kegiatan 2. Seberapa besar nilai FAR (untuk kegiatan

drilling) di Indonesia ?drilling) di Indonesia ?3. Seberapa besar nilai FAR (kegiatan drilling) di 3. Seberapa besar nilai FAR (kegiatan drilling) di

negara lain (UK) ?negara lain (UK) ?4. Apakah FAR (drilling) di Indonesia lebih baik 4. Apakah FAR (drilling) di Indonesia lebih baik

atau lebih buruk dibandingkan dengan FAR di atau lebih buruk dibandingkan dengan FAR di UK ?UK ?

Beberapa Data Kecelakaan Beberapa Data Kecelakaan Pemboran Di IndonesiaPemboran Di Indonesia

DATA KECELAKAAN DI KEGIATAN DATA KECELAKAAN DI KEGIATAN PEMBORAN PEMBORAN

TTAHUN 1996 AHUN 1996 -- 20022002Tahun

Klasifikasi Kecelakaan1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Ringan 33 13 12 20 6 6 3 93

Sedang 10 32 26 18 8 14 19 127

Berat 21 10 12 16 16 17 17 109

Meninggal 2 5 3 5 4 6 3 28

Total

Catatan :Ringan = 0 LTA, Sedang = LTA21 days LTA = Loss Time Accident

DATA KECELAKAAN DRILLING DATA KECELAKAAN DRILLING MENINGGAL DUNIA (1996 MENINGGAL DUNIA (1996 2002)2002)

Akumulasi 1996-2002

TOTALMeninggal

28 *)

Onshore 21

Offshore 7

Offshore (25%)

Onshore (75%)

*) Rata-rata meninggal 4 orang / tahun sejak tahun 1996 s/d 2002

FAKTOR PENYEBAB FAKTOR PENYEBAB KECELAKAAN (FATALITIES)KECELAKAAN (FATALITIES)

Human Error (85%)

Equipment Failure (10%) Dropped

Object (5%)

Bagaimana FAR (Fatal Accident Bagaimana FAR (Fatal Accident Rate) pada operasi drilling dari Rate) pada operasi drilling dari

negara lain (contoh UK) ?negara lain (contoh UK) ?

UK Offshore FAR (Fatal Accident Rates) during 1975 UK Offshore FAR (Fatal Accident Rates) during 1975 19821982

Work Activity Fatalities Periode of data

recorded (years)

Qty of

worker

Man -Years

(exposure)

Percentage of population of

each group

FAR (per man-

years)

FAR (per man-

years)

Construction 15 82,691 21,525

29%0.000697 6.97E-04

Drilling 9 81,485 11,876

16%0.000758 7.58E-04

Production 1 81,021 8,165

11%0.000122 1.22E-04

Maintenance 6 81,948 15,587

21%0.000385 3.85E-04

Diving 15 893 742

1%0.020216 2.02E-02

Domestic 1 81,392 11,134

15%0.000090 8.98E-05

Others 1 16 8650 5,196

7%0.003079 3.08E-03

Total 63 89,278 74,225

100%0.000849 8.49E-04

1 Others include crane operators, boat crew, etc.

Apakah FAR (drilling) di Indonesia lebih Apakah FAR (drilling) di Indonesia lebih baik atau lebih buruk dibandingkan dengan baik atau lebih buruk dibandingkan dengan FAR di UK ?FAR di UK ?

Indonesian FAR (Fatal Accident Rates) during 1996-2002 for drilling activities(estimation on qty of workers = 2000 workers)

Work Activity

Fatalities Periode of data

recorded (years)

Qty of

worker

Man Years

(exposure)

FAR (per

manyear)

FAR (per

manyear)

Drilling offshore

7 7 2,000 14,000 0.000500 5.00E-04

Drilling onshore

21 72,000

14,000 0.001500 1.50E-03

Total 28 74,000 28,000 0.001000 1.00E-03

Ilustration of IRPA for drilling activties

AcceptableRegion

TolerableRegion

IntolerableRegion

10-3

10-6







A

L

A

R

P



INDONESIA (1x10-3)

UK (7.5 x 10-4)

5. Untuk instalasi drilling, safety studies 5. Untuk instalasi drilling, safety studies apa saja yang perlu dilakukan ?apa saja yang perlu dilakukan ?

6. Bagaimana perbandingan safety 6. Bagaimana perbandingan safety studies untuk instalasi yang lain, studies untuk instalasi yang lain, seperti misalnya instalasi WHP, seperti misalnya instalasi WHP, FPSO ? FPSO ?


What What areare Needed for Needed for ensuring safety ?ensuring safety ?

For a Simple Facility (e.g. WHP, For a Simple Facility (e.g. WHP, Buoy, Buoy, Pipeline, drilling rig, Pipeline, drilling rig, etc)etc)

Use recognised Codes and Use recognised Codes and Standards.Standards.

Good Practice.Good Practice. Engineering JudgementEngineering Judgement Standard EquipmentStandard Equipment Qualitative Risk Qualitative Risk AssessmentAssessment

For a Complex Facility For a Complex Facility (e.g. (e.g. FPSOFPSO))

As for a simple facility PLUSAs for a simple facility PLUS Formal Safety Formal Safety Assessment Assessment

(FSA)(FSA) Quantitative Risk Quantitative Risk

Assessment (QRA)Assessment (QRA)

Formal Safety Assessment


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Codes and StandardsGood Practice

Engineering Judgement

Typical Developments

1

Exploration drillingactivities

Simple wellhead platform

Simple subsea development

Simple production platform

Large production platform or FPSO

Large complex multi-productproduction platform or FPSO

Large complex petrochemical facility

2

Framework for risk related studies for FPSO and simple WHP

UKOOA Industry Guidelines on Framework For Risk Related Decision support

Framework for risk related decision for drilling activitiesFramework for risk related decision for drilling activities

UKOOA Industry Guidelines on Framework For Risk Related Decision support



Company Values

SocietalValues

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Codes and StandardsGood Practice


Typical Developments

1

Exploration drillingactivities

Simple wellhead platform

Simple subsea development

Simple production platform

Large production platform or FPSO

Large complex multi-productproduction platform or FPSO

Large complex petrochemical facility

2

3

Risk related requirements for Drilling Activites


3%

Code & Standard

70%

Good Practice

17%


10%

Pertanyaan 7 : Pertanyaan 7 : Apa persyaratan (minimum) agar risk level dalam Apa persyaratan (minimum) agar risk level dalam

kegiatan pemboran mencapai kondisi ALARP ?kegiatan pemboran mencapai kondisi ALARP ?

Pesyaratan (mnimum) agar Risk Level kegiatan pemboran dalam kondisi ALARP Regulasi / Peraturan Recommended

PracticeReliable Parts Rules & Procedure

A.Peraturan Pokok Pemerintah

B.Peraturan Penunjang

oPeraturan MentambenoPeraturan Dirjen Migas

Diantaranya :

API RP-54 Keselamatan Kerja untuk operasi pemboran dan servis sumur minyak dan gasAPI RP-7G Desain batang bor dan limit pengoperasiannyaDll

A. Mengunakan Certified Parts

B. Pemeriksaan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja pada Instalasi Pemboran

Inspeksi rutin dan insidentil

C.Rig safety check list onshore

D. Rig safety check list offshore

Pedoman Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja bagi regu pemboran

A.Peralatan Keselamatan Kerja Perorangan (PPE)B.Pemeliharaan tempat kerjaC.Kerja tanganD.Mesin pengangkatE.Mesin-mesinF.Ruang tertutup / tankiG.Mencegah bahaya kebakaranH.Alat-alat listrikI.Peti penyimpanan bahan peledak dan zat radio aktifJ.Tabung gas bertekanan tinggiK.Kesehatan kerja dan pemeliharaan lingkunganL.Peralatan penyelamat pada instalasi pemboran lepas pantaiM.Sarana penting lainnya pada operasi pemboran lepas pantaiN.HelideckO.P3K

Faktor Penunjang Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Kegiatan PemboranA. OrganisasiB. Tugas pokokC. Tanggung jawabD. Prosedur keselamatan kerja pada setiap tahapan proses

1.Masa persiapan2.Saat Pemboran3.Saat uji kandungan lapisan4.Pengoperasian pompa Lumpur5.Pemeriksaan menara bor6.Meletakan/menyusun dirll pipe7.memotong tali pemboran8.Motor-motor9.Cementing10.Running casing11.Acidizing formasi12.Pencampuran bahan kimia, caustic soda13.Fracturing formasi14.Perforasi

Risk related requirements for Drilling Activites


3%

Code & Standard

70%

Good Practice

17%


10%

Pertanyaan 8 : Bagaimana umumnya bentuk dari kegiatan safety

assessment untuk kegiatan pemboran ?

Jawab : Safety assessment untuk kegiatan pemboran, umumnya

dituangkan dalam bentuk form yang namanya : JSA (Job Safety Analysis), yang intinya mengidentifikasi potential hazard dari setiap urutan proses pemboran, dan memberikan rekomendasi (solution) dari setiap potential hazard yang telah teridentifikasi

Job To Be Performed:Job To Be Performed:Job Safety Analysis WorksheetJob Safety Analysis Worksheet

DepartmentDepartment Task performed by: (names)Task performed by: (names) DateDate

DaveDave DrillerDriller

JSA written by:JSA written by: DarrelDarrel DerrickmanDerrickman

MikeMike MotormanMotorman SupervisorSupervisor

FredFred FloormanFloorman

FrankFrank FloormanFloorman

Personal Protective Equipment, Special Tools and Other EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment, Special Tools and Other Equipment Required:Required: Supervisor Approval (Signature)Supervisor Approval (Signature)

Hardhat, Safety toe Boots, Safety GlassesHardhat, Safety toe Boots, Safety Glasses Terry ToolpusherTerry Toolpusher

Step No.Step No. Sequence of Basic Job StepsSequence of Basic Job Steps Potential HazardsPotential Hazards Recommended Safe Job ProceduresRecommended Safe Job Procedures

11 Traveling block moving up derrickTraveling block moving up derrickSwinging blocks hitting sides of derrick. Tong Swinging blocks hitting sides of derrick. Tong

counterweight line getting hooked on blocks or counterweight line getting hooked on blocks or elevatorselevators

Stabilize blocks and elevators. Do not put Stabilize blocks and elevators. Do not put tongs on pipe too soon. Look up tongs on pipe too soon. Look up and live!and live!

22 Put makePut make--up tongs on and wrap up tongs on and wrap spinning chainspinning chain Pinch points when latching tongs to pipe.Pinch points when latching tongs to pipe.

Keep hands and fingers on designated Keep hands and fingers on designated handles. Keep good tail on handles. Keep good tail on spinning chain. Keep control of spinning chain. Keep control of chain.chain.

33 Latching pipe into elevatorsLatching pipe into elevators Pinch points of elevators and pipe. Dropping stand across Pinch points of elevators and pipe. Dropping stand across derrick. Swinging pipe.derrick. Swinging pipe.

Derrickman should tail out pipe and Derrickman should tail out pipe and stabilize stand after pickup. stabilize stand after pickup. Floormen watch for snag or short Floormen watch for snag or short stand.stand.

44 Stabbing pipeStabbing pipe Slipping while tailing pipe. Pinch points of pipe and tongs. Slipping while tailing pipe. Pinch points of pipe and tongs. Missing box.Missing box.

Get firm hold. Give driller clear view. Get firm hold. Give driller clear view. Place hands and legs properly.Place hands and legs properly.

55 Throwing chain, torquing pipe, Throwing chain, torquing pipe, unlatching tongsunlatching tongs

Chain breaking, stuck by chain, pinch points Chain breaking, stuck by chain, pinch points -- getting getting hand or fingers in chain. Tongs slipping.hand or fingers in chain. Tongs slipping.

Make sure tongs are latched properly. Make sure tongs are latched properly. Hold tongs out of way after Hold tongs out of way after unlatching. Stay clear of chain and unlatching. Stay clear of chain and out of swing of tongsout of swing of tongs

66 Pulling slipsPulling slips StrainsStrains Proper lifting techniques. Lift together. Proper lifting techniques. Lift together. Use moving pipe as leverage.Use moving pipe as leverage.

77 Lowering pipeLowering pipe Hitting bridge, line parting brake, or hydromatic failureHitting bridge, line parting brake, or hydromatic failure Lower pipe at controlled speed. Watch Lower pipe at controlled speed. Watch weight indicator.weight indicator.

88 Set slips and unlatch elevatorsSet slips and unlatch elevators Pinch points at slip handles, elevator links, and elevator Pinch points at slip handles, elevator links, and elevator latchlatch

Slow down pipe and set slips. All hands Slow down pipe and set slips. All hands should work together. Proper should work together. Proper lifting and hand placement.lifting and hand placement.

Terry ToolpusherTerry ToolpusherDave the DrillerDave the Driller

Tripping Pipe in HoleTripping Pipe in Hole

An Example o

f Job Safety A

nalysys

Apa saja elemen SMS untuk kegiatan Apa saja elemen SMS untuk kegiatan pemboran ?pemboran ?

Safety Management System Safety Management System for Drilling Operationfor Drilling Operation

Accident Record (Lesson learned from the past)Accident Record (Lesson learned from the past) Identify the root causesIdentify the root causes Identify the major cause Identify the major cause Pareto AnalaysisPareto Analaysis Propose solution to overcome the major causePropose solution to overcome the major cause Implement the proposed solutionImplement the proposed solution Monitoring and MeasureMonitoring and Measure AuditAudit ReviewReview

Propose next continues improvementPropose next continues improvement

Beberapa potential hazard yang Beberapa potential hazard yang teridentifikasi pada kegaitan pemboran teridentifikasi pada kegaitan pemboran dan usulan solusinya.dan usulan solusinya.

Preparing the break out pipePreparing the break out pipe

The driller stops the drill string from rotating, and hoists theThe driller stops the drill string from rotating, and hoists the drill string drill string with the with the drawworksdrawworks until the kelly is out of the rotary table. The until the kelly is out of the rotary table. The driller then shuts down the mud pump(s). The floor hands set thedriller then shuts down the mud pump(s). The floor hands set the

Fig. Setting slips

slipsslips around the joint of pipe. The tongs are then latched onto the around the joint of pipe. The tongs are then latched onto the tool joints above and below the connection.tool joints above and below the connection.

Potential Hazards:Potential Hazards:

Pinching fingers or other body parts between slips or slip handlPinching fingers or other body parts between slips or slip handles es and rotary table.and rotary table.

Experiencing muscle strain from improper lifting technique.Experiencing muscle strain from improper lifting technique. Pinching fingers when latching the tongs onto the pipe. Pinching fingers when latching the tongs onto the pipe.

Possible Solutions:Possible Solutions: Implement effective, safe work procedures for using slips and toImplement effective, safe work procedures for using slips and tongs, ngs,

which include: which include: Proper finger and hand placement on slip handles and tong Proper finger and hand placement on slip handles and tong

handleshandles Proper stance and Proper stance and slip lifting techniquesslip lifting techniques Proper tong latching techniques Proper tong latching techniques

Breaking Out PipeBreaking Out PipeThe tongs and The tongs and catheadcathead are used to break out the pipe. Either the rotary table or are used to break out the pipe. Either the rotary table or

kelly spinnerkelly spinner is used to spin the drill string or kelly to unscrew it from this used to spin the drill string or kelly to unscrew it from the e drill pipe joint. (see drill pipe joint. (see Fig. Breaking out drill pipe)Fig. Breaking out drill pipe)

Potential Hazards:Potential Hazards:

Being struck by: Being struck by: Swinging tongs if the tong dies fail, or the tong counterweight Swinging tongs if the tong dies fail, or the tong counterweight

lines were to breaklines were to break The slip handles if the rotary table is used to spin the drill sThe slip handles if the rotary table is used to spin the drill stringtring Reverse backlash of tongs (backbiting) during spinning out Reverse backlash of tongs (backbiting) during spinning out

operationsoperations The tongs if a snub line breaks or the tongs come unlatchedThe tongs if a snub line breaks or the tongs come unlatched Pipe Pipe

Possible Solutions:Possible Solutions:

Inspect tong dies, counterweight cables, and snub lines tourly aInspect tong dies, counterweight cables, and snub lines tourly and prior to nd prior to each trip.each trip.

Implement an effective spinning out pipe procedure: Implement an effective spinning out pipe procedure: Personnel other than tong operators stand outside the tong swingPersonnel other than tong operators stand outside the tong swing

radius when breaking pipe.radius when breaking pipe. No one should stand in the red zoneNo one should stand in the red zone Use proper tong latching techniques and use proper hand and Use proper tong latching techniques and use proper hand and

finger placement on tong handles.finger placement on tong handles. Stand clear of the rotary table when it is rotating.Stand clear of the rotary table when it is rotating. Use special operational procedures when using a high torque Use special operational procedures when using a high torque

connection.connection. Maintain good communication between floor crew and driller. Maintain good communication between floor crew and driller.

Fig. Breaking out drill pipe

Making up pipe in mouseholeMaking up pipe in mousehole

The crew swings the kelly out over the The crew swings the kelly out over the mouseholemousehole

Making up mousehole joint

and and stabs it into a new joint of pipe. The driller then spins up stabs it into a new joint of pipe. The driller then spins up the kelly using the kelly spinner or spinning chain and the the kelly using the kelly spinner or spinning chain and the crew uses tongs to torque the joint.crew uses tongs to torque the joint.

Potential Hazards: Potential Hazards:

Being struck or pinched by the kelly.Being struck or pinched by the kelly. Loosing footing while swinging the kelly out over the Loosing footing while swinging the kelly out over the

mousehole and stabbing it into a new joint of pipe.mousehole and stabbing it into a new joint of pipe. Being struck by or caught in the spinning chain. Being struck by or caught in the spinning chain.

Possible Solutions:Possible Solutions:

Use proper hand placementUse proper hand placement Keep the work area around the rotating table clean and Keep the work area around the rotating table clean and

clear of mud, ice, snow, debris and other materials that may clear of mud, ice, snow, debris and other materials that may cause slipping or tripping.cause slipping or tripping.

Inspect chain for broken or distorted links. Chains with the Inspect chain for broken or distorted links. Chains with the metal reduced by wear at any point less than 90 percent of metal reduced by wear at any point less than 90 percent of its original cross section area should be discarded.its original cross section area should be discarded.

Lubricate and maintain guide rollers to prevent undue wear Lubricate and maintain guide rollers to prevent undue wear on the chain or cable. on the chain or cable. Pipe in mousehole joint

Raising the kelly and new jointRaising the kelly and new joint

The driller uses the drawworks to raise the The driller uses the drawworks to raise the kelly and attached joint out of the kelly and attached joint out of the mousehole.mousehole.

Potential Hazards:Potential Hazards: Being struck by debris or overhead Being struck by debris or overhead

objects if the traveling block runs into the objects if the traveling block runs into the crown block or if the traveling block or crown block or if the traveling block or swivel hits the derrick.swivel hits the derrick.

Being struck by kelly or pipe. Being struck by kelly or pipe.

Possible Solutions:Possible Solutions: Install a crown safety device on the Install a crown safety device on the

drawworks and ensure proper drawworks and ensure proper functioning.functioning.

Keep personnel clear of the potential Keep personnel clear of the potential swing path of the kelly and pipe. swing path of the kelly and pipe.

Raising the travelling block and kelly

Adding pipe to the stringAdding pipe to the stringThe new joint is guided over to the drill hole, the tool joint iThe new joint is guided over to the drill hole, the tool joint is doped, and stabbed s doped, and stabbed

into the end of the pipe suspended in the rotary table with the into the end of the pipe suspended in the rotary table with the slips.The joints slips.The joints are threaded together using the pipe spinner, kelly spinner, or are threaded together using the pipe spinner, kelly spinner, or spinning chain. spinning chain. Final torque is provided by the tongs.Final torque is provided by the tongs.The drawworks lifts the kelly and attached string to facilitate The drawworks lifts the kelly and attached string to facilitate removal of the removal of the slipsslips

Potential Hazards:Potential Hazards: Being struck by: Being struck by:

Swinging kelly and pipeSwinging kelly and pipeTongs if the stabber misses the stumpTongs if the stabber misses the stumpThe jerk or spinning chain The jerk or spinning chain

Being caught between the swinging pipe and the tongs.Being caught between the swinging pipe and the tongs. Being caught between the joint of pipe being stabbed and the stuBeing caught between the joint of pipe being stabbed and the stump.mp. Getting pinched between tongs or pipe spinner and pipe.Getting pinched between tongs or pipe spinner and pipe. Slips, trips, and falls. Slips, trips, and falls. Possible Solutions:Possible Solutions: Never step over a jerk chain and stay clear of spinning chain whNever step over a jerk chain and stay clear of spinning chain when a connection en a connection

is being made.is being made. Keep hands away from end of stump or inside of pipe.Keep hands away from end of stump or inside of pipe. Keep feet and legs away from underneath tongs when the pipe is bKeep feet and legs away from underneath tongs when the pipe is being stabbed.eing stabbed. Use proper tong latching techniques and hand and finger placemenUse proper tong latching techniques and hand and finger placement on tong t on tong

handles.handles. Never stand or walk under suspended loads.Never stand or walk under suspended loads. Keep the work area around the rotary table clean and clear of drKeep the work area around the rotary table clean and clear of drilling fluids, illing fluids,

mud, ice, snow, debris, and other materials that may cause slippmud, ice, snow, debris, and other

safety management system (sms) presentation -5 sept 06

Documents

i gusti ngurah anom

unocal west seno tlp2003

dibagi atas dua kategori

s1 s1 itb

sms safety management

metodologi langkahlangkah

2002nownow 200220022004

penerapan safety a