safety hazards in aviation, emergencies and their solutions 1lt jan kalvoda 22nd afb náměšť
DESCRIPTION
Definitions Hazard - Condition or object with the potential of causing injuries to personnel, damage to equipment or structures, loss of material, or reduction of ability to perform a prescribed function. Consequence – Potential outcome(s) of the hazardTRANSCRIPT
Safety hazards in aviation, emergencies and their solutions
1LT Jan KALVODA22nd AFB Náměšť
Abbreviations
• RCF• UCS• ATSU• ATC• POB• TWR• RWY• SSR
• RTB• WOC• SMS• NCNG
Definitions
• Hazard - Condition or object with the potential of causing injuries to personnel, damage to equipment or structures, loss of material, or reduction of ability to perform a prescribed function.
• Consequence – Potential outcome(s) of the hazard
Type of hazards
Human factorsNaturalTechnicalEconomic
Human errors
Active errorbreach of standart proceduresunconcentration, oversight, tiredness, runway
incursion, incompliance with UCS.
Latent errorsystem failureproblem hidden in system, equipment or
management. (tiredness)
Natural hazardsSevere weather or climatic events:
hurricanes, major winter storms, drought, tornadoes, thunderstorms lightning, and wind shear
Adverse weather conditions:Icing, freezing precipitation, heavy rain, snow, winds, and restrictions to visibility
Geophysical events:earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, floods and landslides
Geographical conditions:adverse terrain or large bodies of water
Environmental events:wildfires, wildlife activity, and insect or pest infestation.
Public health events:epidemics of influenza or other diseases
Technical hazardsDeficiencies regarding:
aircraft and aircraft components, systems, subsystems and related equipment
an organization’s facilities, tools, and related equipment
facilities, systems, sub-systems and related equipment that are external to the organization
Economic hazards
• Major trends related to: Cost of material or equipment
Growth
Recession
Etc.
Safety management system is a systematic approach to managing safety,
including the necessary organisational structures, accountabilities, policies and procedures.
Participant units aircraft operators;aircraft maintenanceorganisations;air navigation services providers;airport operators
PATHOLOGICAL
REACTIVE
CALCULATIVE
PROACTIVE
GENERATIVE
Safety Culture indicators
chronic uneasesafety seen as a profit centrenew ideas are welcomed
we are serious, but why don’t they do what they’re told?endless discussions to re-classify accidentsSafety is high on the agenda after an accident
the lawyers said it was OKof course we have accidents, it’s a dangerous businesssack the idiot who had the accident
resources are available to fix things before an accidentmanagement is open but still obsessed with statisticsprocedures are “owned” by the workforce
we cracked it!lots and lots of auditsHSE advisers chasing statistics
Need for Emergency Procedures
• Organizations are frequently required to have written emergency procedures in place to comply with statutory requirements
WHY?• to protect staff, the public, the environment,
the business, their property and their reputation.
Emergency situations• Radiocommunication failure• Birdstrike• System failure (hydraulics, electric,vibration..)• Pilot incapacitation• Depressurization• Fire of engine, smoke in cabin• Engine flameout• Aquaplanning• NCNG• Jammed gun
Consequences of emergency situations
Some technical problem can led to:• Flapless landing, hot brakes• Autorotation• Gear troubles• Ditching• Belly landing• Ejection
Emergency signals
• Distress signal: MAYDAY - Is used to indicate that an aircraft is in distress
and requires immediate assistance, and has priority over all communications.
Emergency signals
• Urgency signal: PAN-PAN- Is used when the safety of a mobile craft is in
jeopardy or an unsafe situation exists that may eventually involve a need for assistance and has priority over all but distress traffic.
Emergency statuses of an airport
Local standby
Full emergency
rescueAir crash
Emergency SSR codes
• There are three wordwide codes, which are used for notification of ATCo about emergency situation on board.
7700 – emergency (SOS, MAYDAY)7600 - Radio failure (lost communications)7500 – Aircraft hijacking
Principles of assistance
A acknowledgeS separateS supportI informS silenceT time
Solution to a specific emergency situation: RCF
1) Find out if pilot is able to receive any information
2) Inform relating traffic and others ATS, mainly TWR in order to alert emergency units.
3) Transmit blind, clear- up airspace.4) Priority for landing5) Visual signal for landing
Solution to a specific emergency situation: Laser illumination
1) Figure out the precise position of the aircraft2) Find out info about the crew and source of laser
(colour of laser, persistence..)3) Make sure that the pilot is able to control the
aircraft.4) Intention of captain (RTB, injuries…)5) Call to WOC and Police and hand over
information to arrest the deliquents.6) Local standby or full emergency status.
Solution to a specific emergency situation: Birdstrike
1) According to an emergency signal from the pilot alert ground personnel and emg. units.
2) Make sure that the pilot is able control the aircraft.3) Priority for landing, clear-up airspace.4) Intention of the captain5) Find out: POB, fuel rest, dangerous goods.6) Inform TWR, and others ATS if necessary.7) RWY check after every emergency landing.
Thank you for your attention…