safety data sheet - perstorp · phthalic anhydride molten revision date 17-nov-2015 4.3. indication...

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Safety data sheet Issue Date 17-Nov-2015 Revision Date 17-Nov-2015 Version 2 SECTION 1: Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking 1.1. Product identifier Product Name Phthalic Anhydride molten Chemical Name CAS No EC No REACH registration number Phthalic anhydride 85-44-9 201-607-5 01-2119457017-41-0011 Pure substance/mixture Substance 1.2. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Industrial Manufacture of substances. Formulation and (re)packing of substances and mixtures. Use as an intermediate and as a monomer for polymer formation. Professional Laboratory chemicals. Uses advised against Not identified. 1.3. Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet E-mail address [email protected] 1.4. Emergency telephone number Europe (+)1 760 476 3961 (contract no: 334101) United Kingdom (+)44 8 08 189 0979 (contract no: 334101) SECTION 2: Hazards identification 2.1. Classification of the substance or mixture Classification according to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 [CLP] Acute toxicity - Oral Category 4 - (H302) Skin corrosion/irritation Category 2 - (H315) Serious eye damage/eye irritation Category 1 - (H318) Respiratory sensitisation Category 1 - (H334) Skin sensitisation Category 1 - (H317) Specific target organ toxicity (single exposure) Category 3 - (H335) 2.2. Label elements Symbols/Pictograms Signal word Danger Manufacturer Perstorp Oxo AB SE-444 84 Stenungsund Sweden Tel. +46 303 728600 Fax. +46 303 728607 www.perstorp.com ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 1 / 24 EUGB - BE

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Page 1: Safety data sheet - Perstorp · Phthalic Anhydride molten Revision Date 17-Nov-2015 4.3. Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed Treat symptomatically

Safety data sheetIssue Date 17-Nov-2015 Revision Date 17-Nov-2015 Version 2

SECTION 1: Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking

1.1. Product identifier

Product Name Phthalic Anhydride molten

Chemical Name CAS No EC No REACH registration numberPhthalic anhydride 85-44-9 201-607-5 01-2119457017-41-0011

Pure substance/mixture Substance

1.2. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised againstIndustrial Manufacture of substances. Formulation and (re)packing of substances and mixtures.

Use as an intermediate and as a monomer for polymer formation.Professional Laboratory chemicals.

Uses advised against Not identified.

1.3. Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet

E-mail address [email protected]

1.4. Emergency telephone numberEurope (+)1 760 476 3961 (contract no: 334101)

United Kingdom (+)44 8 08 189 0979 (contract no: 334101)

SECTION 2: Hazards identification

2.1. Classification of the substance or mixtureClassification according to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 [CLP]Acute toxicity - Oral Category 4 - (H302)Skin corrosion/irritation Category 2 - (H315)Serious eye damage/eye irritation Category 1 - (H318)Respiratory sensitisation Category 1 - (H334)Skin sensitisation Category 1 - (H317)Specific target organ toxicity (single exposure) Category 3 - (H335)

2.2. Label elementsSymbols/Pictograms

Signal wordDanger

Manufacturer

Perstorp Oxo ABSE-444 84 StenungsundSwedenTel. +46 303 728600Fax. +46 303 728607www.perstorp.com

___________________________________________________________________________________________

Page 1 / 24 EUGB - BE

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Hazard statementsH302 - Harmful if swallowedH315 - Causes skin irritationH317 - May cause an allergic skin reactionH318 - Causes serious eye damageH334 - May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaledH335 - May cause respiratory irritation

Precautionary StatementsP261 - Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/sprayP280 - Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protectionP305 + P351 + P338 - IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present andeasy to do. Continue rinsingP310 - Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctorP304 + P340 - IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathingP342 + P311 - If experiencing respiratory symptoms: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor

Contains: Phthalic anhydride

2.3. Other hazardsRisk of severe burns, the temperature of the product is 160°C. Molten product is flammable. The product is not explosive.However, formation of explosive air/vapour mixtures are possible.

SECTION 3: Composition/information on ingredients

3.1 SubstancesChemical Name EC No CAS No REACH registration

numberWeight-% Classification according to

Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008[CLP]

Phthalic anhydride 201-607-5 85-44-9 01-2119457017-41-0011 100 Acute Tox. 4 (H302)Skin Irrit. 2 (H315)Eye Dam. 1 (H318)

Resp. Sens. 1 (H334)Skin Sens. 1 (H317)STOT SE 3 (H335)

Full text of H- and EUH-phrases: see section 16

Additional informationNo information available.

SECTION 4: First aid measures

4.1. Description of first aid measures

General advice Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

Inhalation Remove to fresh air. If breathing is irregular or stopped, administer artificial respiration. Ifsymptoms persist, call a doctor.

Skin contact In contact with molten product immediately flush with cold water for at least 10 minutes.Do not pull solidified product off the skin. In case of burn injury immediately get medicalattention.

Eye contact Important! Immediately rinse cautiously with tempered water for at least 15 minutes.Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Get medicalattention.

Ingestion Clean mouth with water and drink afterwards plenty of water. Get medical attention.

4.2. Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayedIngestion: May cause irritation of the mouth, throat, esophagus, and stomach including severe pain. Skin contact: Risk ofsevere burns in contact with hot product. Skin contact with solified product may cause severe irritation and prolonged contactan allergic dermatitis. Eye contact: Causes severe irritation with flood of tears and pain and strong redness and swelling of theeye. Risk of damage to the conjunctiva and cornea.Inhalation: May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled

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4.3. Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment neededTreat symptomatically.

SECTION 5: Firefighting measures

5.1. Extinguishing mediaSuitable extinguishing mediaUse extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.

Unsuitable extinguishing mediaHigh volume water jet.

5.2. Special hazards arising from the substance or mixtureMolten product is flammable. Thermal decomposition can lead to release of irritating and toxic gases and vapours: Carbonmonoxide (CO). Carbon dioxide (CO2).

5.3. Advice for firefightersWear self-contained breathing apparatus and protective suit.

SECTION 6: Accidental release measures

6.1. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency proceduresKeep unprotected persons away from molten/hot product if released. Wear chemical protective boots and personal protectiveequipment according to section 8. In case of major spill contact the rescue services.

6.2. Environmental precautionsDo not allow into any sewer, on the ground or into any body of water. Local authorities should be advised if significant spillagescannot be contained. See Section 12 for additional ecological information.

6.3. Methods and material for containment and cleaning upMethods for containmentEnsure adequate ventilation. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.Allow material to solidify, and scrape up.Methods for cleaning upTake up mechanically, placing in appropriate containers for disposal

6.4. Reference to other sectionsSee Section 7,8,13 for more information.

SECTION 7: Handling and storage

7.1. Precautions for safe handlingBefore handling, investigate the hazards and risk of using this product at your work place. Persons with a history of skinsensitisation problems or asthma, allergies or chronic or recurrent respiratory disease should not handle this product. Ensureadequate ventilation. Wear personal protective equipment according to section 8 if risk of exposure. Vapours may formexplosive mixture with air. Molten product is flammable. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take necessaryaction to avoid static electricity discharge (which might cause ignition of organic vapours).

General Hygiene ConsiderationsTake off all contaminated clothing and wash it before re-use. Wash hands before breaks and after work. Avoid contact withskin, eyes or clothing.

7.2. Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilitiesOnly use receptacles specifically permitted for this substance/product. Only store in heated receptacles. Keep container tightlyclosed.

7.3. Specific end use(s)For details, see the separate exposure scenario(s).

SECTION 8: Exposure controls/personal protection

8.1. Control parametersExposure LimitsKeep personal exposure levels below Derived No Effect Level (DNEL) and national exposure limit values (if existing).Chemical Name European Union United KingdomPhthalic anhydride Not available TWA: 4 mg/m3

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85-44-9 STEL: 12 mg/m3

Derived No Effect Level (DNEL) - workerPhthalic anhydride (85-44-9)Type Exposure route DNEL RemarksChronic effects, systemic Dermal 10 mg/kg bw/dChronic effects, systemic Inhalation 32.2 mg/m3

Derived No Effect Level (DNEL) - ConsumerPhthalic anhydride (85-44-9)Type Exposure route DNEL RemarksChronic effects, systemic Oral 5 mg/kg bw/dChronic effects, systemic Dermal 5 mg/kg bw/dChronic effects, systemic Inhalation 8.6 mg/m3

Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC)Phthalic anhydride (85-44-9)Environmental compartment Predicted No Effect Concentration

(PNEC)Remarks

Freshwater 1 mg/lIntermittent 5.6 mg/lFreshwater sediment 3.8 mg/kg dry weightMarine water 0.1 mg/lMarine sediment 0.38 mg/kg dry weightImpact on Sewage Treatment 10 mg/lSoil 0.173 mg/kg dry weight

8.2. Exposure controlsAppropriate engineering controlsTechnical measures: Use only in adequate ventilation. If user operations generate dust, fumes, gas, vapour or mist, useprocess enclosures, local exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to keep worker exposure to airborne contaminantsbelow any recommended or statutory limits.

Individual protection measures, such as personal protective equipmentEye/face protection Tight sealing safety goggles.Hand Protection Wear chemical resistant and heat resistant impervious gloves preferably covering the

forearm. PPE - Glove material: Nitrile rubber, NBR. Ensure that the breakthrough time ofthe glove material is not exceeded. Refer to glove supplier for information onbreakthrough time for specific gloves.

Skin and body protection Body protection must be chosen depending on activity and possible exposure, e.g.apron, chemical resistant boots, chemical-protection suit.

Respiratory protection In case of brief exposure or low pollution use respiratory filter device. In case of intensiveor longer exposure use self-contained respiratory protective device.

Environmental exposure controlsFurther information concerning special risk management measures: see annex of this safety data sheet (exposure scenarios).

SECTION 9: Physical and chemical properties

9.1. Information on basic physical and chemical propertiesAppearance

liquidcolourless

Odour fruityOdour threshold No data available

Property Value Remarks • MethodpH Not determinedMelting point / freezing point 131 °C OECD Test No. 102: Melting Point/ Melting RangeBoiling point / boiling range 285 °C OECD Test No. 103: Boiling PointFlash point 152 °C

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9.2. Other informationNo information available.

SECTION 10: Stability and reactivity

10.1. ReactivityThere exists no specific test data for this product. For further information, see the subsequent subsections of this chapter.

10.2. Chemical stabilityStable under recommended storage conditions.

10.3. Possibility of hazardous reactionsThe product reacts with alkalis, alcohols, oxygen, oxidising agents, acids, nitrite and metallic oxides.

10.4. Conditions to avoidAvoid contact with humid air.

10.5. Incompatible materialsIncompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids and bases, nitric acid and sodium nitrate.

10.6. Hazardous decomposition productsThermal decomposition can lead to release of irritating and toxic gases and vapours: Carbon monoxide (CO) Carbon dioxide(CO2)

SECTION 11: Toxicological information

11.1. Information on toxicological effects

Information on likely routes of exposureInhalation. Dermal.

Symptoms related to the physical, chemical and toxicological characteristicsSee Section 4 for more information.

Numerical measures of toxicity

Acute toxicityHarmful if swallowed.

Phthalic anhydride (85-44-9)Method Species Exposure route Effective dose Remarks

Not defined Rat Oral 1530 LD50 (lethal dose)

Evaporation rate No information availableFlammability (solid, gas) Not flammableExplosive limits

Upper explosive limits 10.5 %Lower explosive limits 1.7 %

Vapour pressure 0.0006 hPa @ 26.6 °C

Vapour density Not applicableRelative density 1.49 20°C, ISO 1183-1Water solubility 5.4 g/L @ 20 °C OECD Test No. 105: Water SolubilitySolubility(ies) No information availablePartition coefficient -0.6 @ 20 °C, OECD Test No. 117: Partition

Coefficient (n-octanol/water), HPLC MethodAutoignition temperature 580 °CDecomposition temperature Not applicableKinematic viscosity No information availableDynamic viscosity No information availableExplosive properties Not explosive. May form explosive

mixtures with airOxidising properties Not oxidising.Density No information availableBulk density No information available

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mg/kgOECD Test No. 403: Acute

Inhalation ToxicityRat Inhalation >2.14 LC50 mg/l Aerosol

Maximum attainableconcentration

Skin corrosion/irritationIrritating to skin.

Phthalic anhydride (85-44-9)Method Species Exposure route Results:

OECD Test No. 404: Acute DermalIrritation/Corrosion

Rabbit Dermal Slightly irritating.

Serious eye damage/eye irritationCauses serious eye irritation. Risk of serious damage to eyes.

Phthalic anhydride (85-44-9)Method Species Exposure route Results:

Not defined Rabbit Eye Irritating to eyes

Respiratory or skin sensitisationMay cause sensitisation by inhalation and skin contact.

Phthalic anhydride (85-44-9)Method Species Exposure route Results:

OECD Test No. 406: SkinSensitisation

Guinea pig Skin Skin sensitization test (OECD406) on guinea pigs:extremely sensitising

OECD Test No. 429: SkinSensitisation: Local Lymph Node

Assay

Mouse Skin Skin sensitisation test LocalLymph Node Assay (OECD

429): sensitisingNot defined Guinea pig Inhalation Sensitising

Germ cell mutagenicityNot mutagenic.

Phthalic anhydride (85-44-9)Method Species Results:

OECD Test No. 471: Bacterial ReverseMutation Test

in vitro Negative

OECD Test No. 476: In vitro Mammalian CellGene Mutation Test

in vitro Negative

In vitro Mammalian Chromosome AberrationTest

in vitro Negative

CarcinogenicityAnimal studies have not shown any carcinogenic potential.

Phthalic anhydride (85-44-9)Method Species Exposure route Effective dose Remarks

Not defined 104w Mouse male Oral 3570 NOAEL mg/kg bw/dNot defined 104w Mouse female Oral 1785 NOAEL mg/kg bw/d

Not defined 2y Rat Oral 1000 NOAEL mg/kg bw/d

Reproductive toxicityThere is no fertility study with phthalic anhydride available. No effects on reproductive organs were however observed in a oralcarcinogenicity study in rats and mice.

Phthalic anhydride (85-44-9)Method Species Exposure route Effective dose Remarks

Not defined 104w Mouse male Oral 3570 NOAEL mg/kg bw/dResults: Negative

Not defined 104w Mouse female Oral 1785 NOAEL mg/kg bw/dResults: Negative

Not defined 2y Rat Oral 1000 NOAEL mg/kg bw/d

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STOT - single exposure Irritating to respiratory system

Phthalic anhydride (85-44-9)Method Species Exposure route Effective dose Remarks

Not defined human data Inhalation - Irritating to respiratorysystem

STOT - repeated exposure

Phthalic anhydride (85-44-9)Method Species Exposure route Effective dose Remarks

Not defined 105w Rat Oral 500 NOAEL mg/kg bw/d

Aspiration hazardNo hazard from product as supplied.

SECTION 12: Ecological information

12.1. ToxicityLow toxicity to aquatic organisms.

Phthalic anhydride (85-44-9)Method Species Exposure route Effective dose Exposure time Remarks

OECD Test No. 210: Fish,Early-Life Stage Toxicity

Test

Brachydanio rerio Freshwater 560 7d LC50 (lethalconcentration) mg/l

Not defined Cyprinus carpio Freshwater >500 48h LC50 (lethalconcentration) mg/l

EPA 660/3-75-009 Daphnia magna Freshwater >640 48h EC50 (effectiveconcentration) mg/l

Regulation (EC) No.440/2008, Annex, C.3

Scenedesmussubspicatus

Freshwater >100 72h EC0 mg/l

OECD Test No. 210: Fish,Early-Life Stage Toxicity

Test

Oncorhynchusmykiss (rainbow

trout)

Freshwater 10 60d NOEC mg/l

OECD Test No. 211:Daphnia magna

Reproduction Test

Daphnia magna Freshwater 16 21d NOEC mg/l

12.2. Persistence and degradabilityReadily biodegradable.

Phthalic anhydride (85-44-9)Method Value Exposure time Results:

Hydrolysis as a Function of pH 0.7 - Half-life time minutes pH:4,25°C

Hydrolysis as a Function of pH 0.3 - Half-life time minutes pH 7,25°C

Hydrolysis as a Function of pH 0.02 - Half-life time minutes pH 9,25°C

OECD Test No. 301D: ReadyBiodegradability: Closed Bottle Test

(TG 301 D)

74% 30d Readily biodegradable

OECD Test No. 301C: ReadyBiodegradability: Modified MITI Test

(I) (TG 301 C)

85% 14d Readily biodegradable

12.3. Bioaccumulative potentialNot potentially bioaccumulable.

Chemical Name Partition coefficient Bioconcentration factor (BCF)Phthalic anhydride -0.6 3.16

12.4. Mobility in soil

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The substance does not adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc which indicates a high mobility in soil.

Phthalic anhydride (85-44-9)Method Koc RemarksOECD 106 2-31

12.5. Results of PBT and vPvB assessmentThis substance does not meet the criteria for classification as PBT or vPvB.

12.6. Other adverse effectsEmissions to water lowers the pH. This may cause local damage to fish and aquatic organisms in the discharge area.

SECTION 13: Disposal considerations

13.1. Waste treatment methodsWaste from residues/unused productsThe product is classified as hazardous waste and must be disposed of as such. Incinerate at a licensed installation.

Contaminated packagingContaminated packaging materials must be disposed of in the same manner as the product.

Waste codes / waste designations according to EWC / AVVWaste from residues/unused products: 16 03 05*.

Other InformationWaste codes should be assigned by the user based on the application for which the product was used.

SECTION 14: Transport information

ADR Road transport14.1 UN number UN325614.2 UN proper shipping name Elevated temperature liquid, flammable, n.o.s

Proper Shipping Description UN3256, Elevated temperature liquid, flammable, n.o.s (Phthalic anhydride), 3, III, (D/E)14.3 Transport hazard class(es) 3

Subsidiary hazard class 314.4 Packing Group III14.5 Environmental hazard Not applicable14.6 Special precautions for user 274, 560

Tunnel restriction code (D/E)Limited quantity (LQ) 0ADR Hazard Id (KemmlerNumber)

30

RID Rail transport14.1 UN number UN325614.2 UN proper shipping name Elevated temperature liquid, flammable, n.o.s

Proper Shipping Description UN3256, Elevated temperature liquid, flammable, n.o.s (Phthalic anhydride), 3, III14.3 Transport hazard class(es) 314.4 Packing Group III14.5 Environmental hazard Not applicable14.6 Special precautions for user None

IMDG Sea transport14.1 UN number UN325614.2 UN proper shipping name Elevated temperature liquid, flammable, n.o.s

Proper Shipping Description UN3256, Elevated temperature liquid, flammable, n.o.s (Phthalic anhydride), 3, III14.3 Transport hazard class(es) 314.4 Packing Group III

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14.5 Environmental hazards Not applicable14.6 Special precautions for user 274

EmS-No F-E, S-DLimited quantity (LQ) 0

14.7 Transport in bulk accordingto Annex II of MARPOL 73/78 andthe IBC Code

No information available

IATA Air transport Forbidden

14.1 UN number Not regulated14.2 UN proper shipping name Not regulated14.3 Transport hazard class(es) Not regulated14.4 Packing Group Not regulated14.5 Environmental hazard Not applicable14.6 Special precautions for user None

SECTION 15: Regulatory information

15.1. Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance ormixtureInternational RegulationsEuropean UnionTake note of Directive 98/24/EC on the protection of the health and safety of workers from the risks related to chemical agentsat workTake note of Directive 94/33/EC on the protection of young people at workComply with Directive 94/9/EC concerning equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosiveatmospheres and, Directive 1999/92/EC regarding minimum requirements for improving the safety and health protection ofworkers potentially at risk from explosive atmospheres.

FranceChemical Name French RG numberPhthalic anhydride 85-44-9

RG 66,RG 66bis

GermanyWater hazard class (WGK) slightly hazardous to water (WGK 1)TA Luft (German Air Pollution Control Regulation)Chemical Name Type ClassPhthalic anhydride - 85-44-9 5.2.5 0.10 kg/h Mass flow (Class I); 20 mg/m3

Mass concentration (Class I)I

15.2. Chemical safety assessmentA Chemical Safety Assessment has been carried out for this substance.

SECTION 16: Other information

Key or legend to abbreviations and acronyms used in the safety data sheet

Full text of H-Statements referred to under section 3H302 - Harmful if swallowedH315 - Causes skin irritationH318 - Causes serious eye damageH334 - May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaledH317 - May cause an allergic skin reactionH335 - May cause respiratory irritation

Issue Date 17-Nov-2015

Revision Date 17-Nov-2015

Revision Note SDS sections updated: 1.

This safety data sheet complies with the requirements of: Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006, COMMISSION REGULATION(EU) No. 453/2010 of 20 May 2010.

DisclaimerThe information provided in this Safety Data Sheet is correct to the best of our knowledge, information and belief at the date of its publication.The information given is designed only as a guidance for safe handling, use, processing, storage, transportation, disposal and release and is

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not to be considered a warranty or quality specification. The information relates only to the specific material designated and may not be validfor such material used in combination with any other materials or in any process, unless specified in the text.

End of Safety Data Sheet

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Annex to the Safety Data Sheet according to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006[REACH]

Product Name Phthalic Anhydride moltenChemical Name Phthalic anhydrideCAS No 85-44-9EC No 201-607-5REACH registration number 01-2119457017-41-0011Pure substance/mixture Substance

Exposure scenario

Section 1 - Title

Title ES1 - Manufacture of substances.Version 2Product Name Phthalic Anhydride moltenRevision Date 17-Nov-2015

Section 2 - Operational conditions and risk management measures

Section 2.1 - Control of environmental exposure

Environmental release category(ies) ERC1 - Manufacture of substances

Control of environmental exposureTitle Contributing Scenario [CS]

EnvironmentEnvironmental release categories[ERC]

ERC1 - Manufacture of substances

Remarks Sewage treatment plant usedAssumed domestic sewage treatmentplant flow

2000 m3/d

Removal efficiency (total) 87.3%Sludge treatment No application of sewage sludge to soil

Can be landfilled or incinerated, when in compliance with local regulationsTechnical onsite conditions andmeasures to reduce or limitdischarges, air emissions

Wet scrubber - gas removalorIncineration

Receiving surface water flow 20 000 m3/d

Section 2.2 - Control of worker exposure

Control of worker exposureTitle Contributing Scenario [CS]

workerProcess category(ies) PROC1 - Use in closed process, no likelihood of exposure

PROC2 - Use in closed, continuous process with occasional controlled exposurePROC8b - Transfer of substance or preparation (charging/discharging) from/tovessels/large containers at dedicated facilitiesPROC9 - Transfer of substance or preparation into small containers (dedicated fillingline, including weighing)

Covers concentrations up to 100%Physical form of product MoltenExposure duration Avoid carrying out operation for more than

8h/dayUse frequency 220

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Product Name Phthalic Anhydride moltenVersion 2

days per yearTechnical conditions and measuresto control dispersion from sourcetowards the worker

Use in contained systemsEnclosed equipmentEnsure that the worker is in a separated (control) room with independent air supplyPROC2, PROC8b, PROC9:Use with local exhaust ventilation

Conditions and measures related topersonal protection, hygiene andhealth evaluation

Use in contained systemsPersonal measures have to be applied in case of potential exposure onlySamplingandMaterial transfers:Worst case assumptionProtective clothingRespiratory protectionSee section 8 for more information

Organisational measures to prevent/limit releases, dispersion andexposure

Ensure operatives are trained to minimise exposuresAssumes a good basic standard of occupational hygiene is implementedPre-employment screening and appropriate health surveillance

Indoor/Outdoor use Indoor

Section 3 - Exposure estimation

Environmental exposure

Environmental release category(ies) ERC1 - Manufacture of substances

Calculation method Used EUSES modelEnvironmental compartment predicted exposure level Risk characterisation ratio (RCR)Freshwater 0.257Freshwater sediment 0.316Marine water 0.258Marine sediment 0.312Soil 0.015Sewage treatment plant 0.253

Control of worker exposure

Calculation method Risk management measures are based on qualitative risk characterizationThe ECETOC TRA tool has been used to estimate workplace exposures unlessotherwise indicated

Title Exposure route Calculation method predicted exposurelevel

Risk characterisationratio (RCR)

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC1

Worker - dermal,long-term - systemic

0.003

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC1

Worker - inhalative,long-term - systemic

0.019

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC1

Worker - combined,long-term - systemic

0.043

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC2

Worker - dermal,long-term - systemic

0.014

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC2

Worker - inhalative,long-term - systemic

0.019

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC2

Worker - combined,long-term - systemic

0.022

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC8b

Worker - dermal,long-term - systemic

0.069

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC8b

Worker - inhalative,long-term - systemic

0.019

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC8b

Worker - combined,long-term - systemic

0.077

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Product Name Phthalic Anhydride moltenVersion 2

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC9

Worker - dermal,long-term - systemic

0.069

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC9

Worker - inhalative,long-term - systemic

0.019

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC9

Worker - combined,long-term - systemic

0.077

Section 4 - Guidance to check compliance with the exposure scenario

Predicted exposures are not expected to exceed the applicable exposure limits (given in section 8 of the SDS) when theoperational conditions/risk management measures given in section 2 are implemented. Where other risk managementmeasures/operational conditions are adopted, then users should ensure that risks are managed to at least equivalent levels.Guidance is based on assumed operating conditions which may not be applicable to all sites; thus, scaling may be necessaryto define appropriate site-specific risk management measures.

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Annex to the Safety Data Sheet according to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006[REACH]

Product Name Phthalic Anhydride moltenChemical Name Phthalic anhydrideCAS No 85-44-9EC No 201-607-5REACH registration number 01-2119457017-41-0011Pure substance/mixture Substance

Exposure scenario

Section 1 - Title

Title ES2 - Use as an intermediate. Industrial.Version 2Product Name Phthalic Anhydride moltenRevision Date 17-Nov-2015Sector(s) of use SU3 - Industrial uses: Uses of substances as such or in preparations at industrial sites

SU8 - Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)SU9 - Manufacture of fine chemicals

Product category(ies) PC19 - Intermediate

Section 2 - Operational conditions and risk management measures

Section 2.1 - Control of environmental exposure

Environmental release category(ies) ERC6a - Industrial use resulting in manufacture of anothersubstance (use of intermediates)

Control of environmental exposureTitle Contributing Scenario [CS]

EnvironmentEnvironmental release categories[ERC]

ERC6a - Industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use ofintermediates)

Maximum daily site tonnage max 360 days/year, total: 579 500 tonnes/yearRemarks Sewage treatment plant usedAssumed domestic sewage treatmentplant flow

2000 m3/day

Removal efficiency (total) 87.3%Sludge treatment No application of sewage sludge to soil

Can be landfilled or incinerated, when in compliance with local regulationsTechnical onsite conditions andmeasures to reduce or limitdischarges, air emissions

Wet scrubber - gas removalorIncineration

Receiving surface water flow 20 000 m3/d

Section 2.2 - Control of worker exposure

Control of worker exposureTitle Contributing Scenario [CS]

workerProcess category(ies) PROC1 - Use in closed process, no likelihood of exposure

PROC2 - Use in closed, continuous process with occasional controlled exposurePROC3 - Use in closed batch process (synthesis or formulation)PROC4 - Use in batch and other process (synthesis) where opportunity for exposurearises

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Product Name Phthalic Anhydride moltenVersion 2

PROC8b - Transfer of substance or preparation (charging/discharging) from/tovessels/large containers at dedicated facilitiesPROC9 - Transfer of substance or preparation into small containers (dedicated fillingline, including weighing)

Covers concentrations up to 100%Physical form of product MoltenExposure duration Avoid carrying out operation for more than

8h/dayUse frequency 220

days per yearTechnical conditions and measuresto control dispersion from sourcetowards the worker

Use in contained systemsEnclosed equipmentEnsure that the worker is in a separated (control) room with independent air supplyPROC2, PROC3, PROC4, PROC8b, PROC9:Use with local exhaust ventilation

Conditions and measures related topersonal protection, hygiene andhealth evaluation

Use in contained systemsPersonal measures have to be applied in case of potential exposure onlySamplingandMaterial transfers:Worst case assumptionProtective clothingRespiratory protectionSee section 8 for more information

Organisational measures to prevent/limit releases, dispersion andexposure

Ensure operatives are trained to minimise exposuresAssumes a good basic standard of occupational hygiene is implementedPre-employment screening and appropriate health surveillance

Indoor/Outdoor use Indoor

Section 3 - Exposure estimation

Environmental exposure

Environmental release category(ies) ERC6a - Industrial use resulting in manufacture of anothersubstance (use of intermediates)

Calculation method Used EUSES modelEnvironmental compartment predicted exposure level Risk characterisation ratio (RCR)Freshwater 0.216Freshwater sediment 0.266Marine water 0.216Marine sediment 0.266Soil 0.026Sewage treatment plant 0.253

Control of worker exposure

Calculation method Risk management measures are based on qualitative risk characterizationThe ECETOC TRA tool has been used to estimate workplace exposures unlessotherwise indicated

Title Exposure route Calculation method predicted exposurelevel

Risk characterisationratio (RCR)

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC1

Worker - dermal,long-term - systemic

0.003

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC1

Worker - inhalative,long-term - systemic

0.019

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC1

Worker - combined,long-term - systemic

0.043

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC2

Worker - dermal,long-term - systemic

0.014

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Product Name Phthalic Anhydride moltenVersion 2

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC2

Worker - inhalative,long-term - systemic

0.019

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC2

Worker - combined,long-term - systemic

0.022

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC3

Worker - dermal,long-term - systemic

0.003

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC3

Worker - inhalative,long-term - systemic

0.019

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC3

Worker - combined,long-term - systemic

0.012

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC4

Worker - dermal,long-term - systemic

0.069

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC4

Worker - inhalative,long-term - systemic

0.019

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC4

Worker - combined,long-term - systemic

0.077

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC8b

Worker - dermal,long-term - systemic

0.069

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC8b

Worker - inhalative,long-term - systemic

0.019

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC8b

Worker - combined,long-term - systemic

0.077

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC9

Worker - dermal,long-term - systemic

0.069

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC9

Worker - inhalative,long-term - systemic

0.019

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC9

Worker - combined,long-term - systemic

0.077

Section 4 - Guidance to check compliance with the exposure scenario

Predicted exposures are not expected to exceed the applicable exposure limits (given in section 8 of the SDS) when theoperational conditions/risk management measures given in section 2 are implemented. Where other risk managementmeasures/operational conditions are adopted, then users should ensure that risks are managed to at least equivalent levels.Guidance is based on assumed operating conditions which may not be applicable to all sites; thus, scaling may be necessaryto define appropriate site-specific risk management measures.

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Annex to the Safety Data Sheet according to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006[REACH]

Product Name Phthalic Anhydride moltenChemical Name Phthalic anhydrideCAS No 85-44-9EC No 201-607-5REACH registration number 01-2119457017-41-0011Pure substance/mixture Substance

Exposure scenario

Section 1 - Title

Title ES3 - Use as a monomer for polymer formation. Industrial.Version 2Product Name Phthalic Anhydride moltenRevision Date 17-Nov-2015Sector(s) of use SU3 - Industrial uses: Uses of substances as such or in preparations at industrial sites

SU10 - Formulation [mixing] of preparations and/or re-packaging (excluding alloys)SU12 - Manufacture of plastics products, including compounding and conversion

Product category(ies) PC32 - Polymer preparations and compounds

Section 2 - Operational conditions and risk management measures

Section 2.1 - Control of environmental exposure

Environmental release category(ies) ERC6c - Industrial use of monomers for manufacture ofthermoplasticsERC6d - Industrial use of process regulators for polymerisationprocesses in production of resins, rubbers, polymers

Control of environmental exposureTitle Contributing Scenario [CS]

EnvironmentEnvironmental release categories[ERC]

ERC6c - Industrial use of monomers for manufacture of thermoplasticsERC6d - Industrial use of process regulators for polymerisation processes in productionof resins, rubbers, polymers

Maximum daily site tonnage max 360 days/year, total: 37 500 tonnes/yearRemarks Sewage treatment plant usedAssumed domestic sewage treatmentplant flow

2000 m3/day

Removal efficiency (total) 87.3%Sludge treatment No application of sewage sludge to soil

Can be landfilled or incinerated, when in compliance with local regulationsTechnical onsite conditions andmeasures to reduce or limitdischarges, air emissions

Wet scrubber - gas removalorIncineration

Receiving surface water flow 20 000 m3/d

Section 2.2 - Control of worker exposure

Control of worker exposureTitle Contributing Scenario [CS]

workerProcess category(ies) PROC1 - Use in closed process, no likelihood of exposure

PROC2 - Use in closed, continuous process with occasional controlled exposure

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Product Name Phthalic Anhydride moltenVersion 2

PROC3 - Use in closed batch process (synthesis or formulation)PROC4 - Use in batch and other process (synthesis) where opportunity for exposurearisesPROC8b - Transfer of substance or preparation (charging/discharging) from/tovessels/large containers at dedicated facilitiesPROC9 - Transfer of substance or preparation into small containers (dedicated fillingline, including weighing)

Covers concentrations up to 100%Physical form of product MoltenExposure duration Avoid carrying out operation for more than

8h/dayUse frequency 220

days per yearTechnical conditions and measuresto control dispersion from sourcetowards the worker

Use in contained systemsEnclosed equipmentEnsure that the worker is in a separated (control) room with independent air supplyPROC2, PROC3, PROC4, PROC8b, PROC9:Use with local exhaust ventilation

Conditions and measures related topersonal protection, hygiene andhealth evaluation

Use in contained systemsPersonal measures have to be applied in case of potential exposure onlySamplingandMaterial transfers:Worst case assumptionProtective clothingRespiratory protectionSee section 8 for more information

Organisational measures to prevent/limit releases, dispersion andexposure

Ensure operatives are trained to minimise exposuresAssumes a good basic standard of occupational hygiene is implementedPre-employment screening and appropriate health surveillance

Indoor/Outdoor use Indoor

Section 3 - Exposure estimation

Environmental exposure

Environmental release category(ies) ERC6c - Industrial use of monomers for manufacture ofthermoplasticsERC6d - Industrial use of process regulators for polymerisationprocesses in production of resins, rubbers, polymers

Calculation method Used EUSES modelEnvironmental compartment predicted exposure level Risk characterisation ratio (RCR)Freshwater ERC6C 0.253Freshwater sediment ERC6C 0.314Marine water ERC6C 0.253Marine sediment ERC6C 0.315Soil ERC6C 0.352Sewage treatment plant ERC6C 0.253Freshwater ERC6D 0.39Freshwater sediment ERC6D 0.489Marine water ERC6D 0.39Marine sediment ERC6D 0.484Soil ERC6D 0.533Sewage treatment plant ERC6D 0.39

Control of worker exposure

Calculation method Risk management measures are based on qualitative risk characterizationThe ECETOC TRA tool has been used to estimate workplace exposures unless

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Product Name Phthalic Anhydride moltenVersion 2

otherwise indicatedTitle Exposure route Calculation method predicted exposure

levelRisk characterisationratio (RCR)

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC1

Worker - dermal,long-term - systemic

0.003

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC1

Worker - inhalative,long-term - systemic

0.019

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC1

Worker - combined,long-term - systemic

0.043

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC2

Worker - dermal,long-term - systemic

0.014

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC2

Worker - inhalative,long-term - systemic

0.019

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC2

Worker - combined,long-term - systemic

0.022

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC3

Worker - dermal,long-term - systemic

0.003

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC3

Worker - inhalative,long-term - systemic

0.019

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC3

Worker - combined,long-term - systemic

0.012

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC4

Worker - dermal,long-term - systemic

0.069

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC4

Worker - inhalative,long-term - systemic

0.019

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC4

Worker - combined,long-term - systemic

0.077

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC8b

Worker - dermal,long-term - systemic

0.069

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC8b

Worker - inhalative,long-term - systemic

0.019

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC8b

Worker - combined,long-term - systemic

0.077

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC9

Worker - dermal,long-term - systemic

0.069

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC9

Worker - inhalative,long-term - systemic

0.019

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC9

Worker - combined,long-term - systemic

0.077

Section 4 - Guidance to check compliance with the exposure scenario

Predicted exposures are not expected to exceed the applicable exposure limits (given in section 8 of the SDS) when theoperational conditions/risk management measures given in section 2 are implemented. Where other risk managementmeasures/operational conditions are adopted, then users should ensure that risks are managed to at least equivalent levels.Guidance is based on assumed operating conditions which may not be applicable to all sites; thus, scaling may be necessaryto define appropriate site-specific risk management measures.

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Annex to the Safety Data Sheet according to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006[REACH]

Product Name Phthalic Anhydride moltenChemical Name Phthalic anhydrideCAS No 85-44-9EC No 201-607-5REACH registration number 01-2119457017-41-0011Pure substance/mixture Substance

Exposure scenario

Section 1 - Title

Title ES4 - Formulation and (re)packing of substances and mixtures.Version 2Product Name Phthalic Anhydride moltenRevision Date 17-Nov-2015Sector(s) of use SU3 - Industrial uses: Uses of substances as such or in preparations at industrial sites

SU10 - Formulation [mixing] of preparations and/or re-packaging (excluding alloys)

Section 2 - Operational conditions and risk management measures

Section 2.1 - Control of environmental exposure

Environmental release category(ies) ERC2 - Formulation of preparations (mixtures)

Control of environmental exposureTitle Contributing Scenario [CS]

EnvironmentEnvironmental release categories[ERC]

ERC2 - Formulation of preparations (mixtures)

Maximum daily site tonnage max 360 days/year, total: 47 500 tonnes/yearRemarks Sewage treatment plant usedAssumed domestic sewage treatmentplant flow

2000 m3/d

Removal efficiency (total) 87.3%Sludge treatment No application of sewage sludge to soil

Can be landfilled or incinerated, when in compliance with local regulationsTechnical onsite conditions andmeasures to reduce or limitdischarges, air emissions

Wet scrubber - gas removalorIncineration

Receiving surface water flow 20 000 m3/d

Section 2.2 - Control of worker exposure

Control of worker exposureTitle Contributing Scenario [CS]

workerProcess category(ies) PROC1 - Use in closed process, no likelihood of exposure

PROC2 - Use in closed, continuous process with occasional controlled exposurePROC3 - Use in closed batch process (synthesis or formulation)PROC4 - Use in batch and other process (synthesis) where opportunity for exposurearisesPROC5 - Mixing or blending in batch processes for formulation of preparations andarticles (multi-stage and/or significant contact)PROC8b - Transfer of substance or preparation (charging/discharging) from/to

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Product Name Phthalic Anhydride moltenVersion 2

vessels/large containers at dedicated facilitiesPROC9 - Transfer of substance or preparation into small containers (dedicated fillingline, including weighing)

Covers concentrations up to 100%Physical form of product MoltenExposure duration Avoid carrying out operation for more than

8h/dayUse frequency 220

days per yearTechnical conditions and measuresto control dispersion from sourcetowards the worker

Use in contained systemsEnclosed equipmentEnsure that the worker is in a separated (control) room with independent air supplyPROC2, PROC3, PROC4, PROC5, PROC8b, PROC9:Use with local exhaust ventilation

Conditions and measures related topersonal protection, hygiene andhealth evaluation

Use in contained systemsPersonal measures have to be applied in case of potential exposure onlySamplingandMaterial transfers:Worst case assumptionProtective clothingRespiratory protectionSee section 8 for more information

Organisational measures to prevent/limit releases, dispersion andexposure

Ensure operatives are trained to minimise exposuresAssumes a good basic standard of occupational hygiene is implementedPre-employment screening and appropriate health surveillance

Indoor/Outdoor use Indoor

Section 3 - Exposure estimation

Environmental exposure

Environmental release category(ies) ERC2 - Formulation of preparations (mixtures)

Calculation method Used EUSES modelEnvironmental compartment predicted exposure level Risk characterisation ratio (RCR)Freshwater 0.253Freshwater sediment 0.308Marine water 0.253Marine sediment 0.303Soil 0.36Sewage treatment plant 0.253

Control of worker exposure

Calculation method Risk management measures are based on qualitative risk characterizationThe ECETOC TRA tool has been used to estimate workplace exposures unlessotherwise indicated

Title Exposure route Calculation method predicted exposurelevel

Risk characterisationratio (RCR)

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC1

Worker - dermal,long-term - systemic

0.003

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC1

Worker - inhalative,long-term - systemic

0.019

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC1

Worker - combined,long-term - systemic

0.043

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC2

Worker - dermal,long-term - systemic

0.014

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC2

Worker - inhalative,long-term - systemic

0.019

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Product Name Phthalic Anhydride moltenVersion 2

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC2

Worker - combined,long-term - systemic

0.022

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC3

Worker - dermal,long-term - systemic

0.003

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC3

Worker - inhalative,long-term - systemic

0.019

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC3

Worker - combined,long-term - systemic

0.012

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC4

Worker - dermal,long-term - systemic

0.069

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC4

Worker - inhalative,long-term - systemic

0.019

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC4

Worker - combined,long-term - systemic

0.077

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC5

Worker - dermal,long-term - systemic

0.007

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC5

Worker - inhalative,long-term - systemic

0.019

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC5

Worker - combined,long-term - systemic

0.016

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC8b

Worker - dermal,long-term - systemic

0.069

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC8b

Worker - inhalative,long-term - systemic

0.019

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC8b

Worker - combined,long-term - systemic

0.077

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC9

Worker - dermal,long-term - systemic

0.069

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC9

Worker - inhalative,long-term - systemic

0.019

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC9

Worker - combined,long-term - systemic

0.077

Section 4 - Guidance to check compliance with the exposure scenario

Predicted exposures are not expected to exceed the applicable exposure limits (given in section 8 of the SDS) when theoperational conditions/risk management measures given in section 2 are implemented. Where other risk managementmeasures/operational conditions are adopted, then users should ensure that risks are managed to at least equivalent levels.Guidance is based on assumed operating conditions which may not be applicable to all sites; thus, scaling may be necessaryto define appropriate site-specific risk management measures.

Page 23: Safety data sheet - Perstorp · Phthalic Anhydride molten Revision Date 17-Nov-2015 4.3. Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed Treat symptomatically

Annex to the Safety Data Sheet according to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006[REACH]

Product Name Phthalic Anhydride moltenChemical Name Phthalic anhydrideCAS No 85-44-9EC No 201-607-5REACH registration number 01-2119457017-41-0011Pure substance/mixture Substance

Exposure scenario

Section 1 - Title

Title ES5 - Laboratory chemicals. Professional.Version 2Product Name Phthalic Anhydride moltenRevision Date 17-Nov-2015Sector(s) of use SU22 - Professional uses: Public domain (administration, education, entertainment,

services, craftsmen)Product category(ies) PC21 - Laboratory chemicals

Section 2 - Operational conditions and risk management measures

Section 2.1 - Control of environmental exposure

Environmental release category(ies) ERC8a - Wide dispersive indoor use of processing aids in opensystemsERC8b - Wide dispersive indoor use of reactive substances inopen systems

Control of environmental exposureTitle Contributing Scenario [CS]

EnvironmentEnvironmental release categories[ERC]

ERC8a - Wide dispersive indoor use of processing aids in open systemsERC8b - Wide dispersive indoor use of reactive substances in open systems

Waste management See Section 13 for additional waste treatment information

Section 2.2 - Control of worker exposure

Control of worker exposureTitle Contributing Scenario [CS]

workerProcess category(ies) PROC15 - Use as laboratory reagentCovers concentrations up to 100%Physical form of product MoltenExposure duration Avoid carrying out operation for more than

8h/dayUse frequency 220

days per yearTechnical conditions and measuresto control dispersion from sourcetowards the worker

Use with local exhaust ventilation

Conditions and measures related topersonal protection, hygiene andhealth evaluation

Worst case assumptionProtective clothingRespiratory protectionSee section 8 for more information

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Product Name Phthalic Anhydride moltenVersion 2

Organisational measures to prevent/limit releases, dispersion andexposure

Ensure operatives are trained to minimise exposuresAssumes a good basic standard of occupational hygiene is implemented

Indoor/Outdoor use Indoor

Section 3 - Exposure estimation

Environmental exposure

Environmental release category(ies) ERC8a - Wide dispersive indoor use of processing aids in opensystemsERC8b - Wide dispersive indoor use of reactive substances inopen systems

Calculation method Used EUSES modelEnvironmental compartment predicted exposure level Risk characterisation ratio (RCR)Freshwater ERC8a 0.002Freshwater sediment ERC8a 0.002Marine water ERC8a 0.013Marine sediment ERC8a 0.0013Soil ERC8a 0.622Sewage treatment plant ERC8a 0.439Freshwater ERC8b 0.000Freshwater sediment ERC8b 0.000Marine water ERC8b 0.000Marine sediment ERC8b 0.000Soil ERC8b 0.026Sewage treatment plant ERC8b 0.015

Control of worker exposure

Calculation method Risk management measures are based on qualitative risk characterizationThe ECETOC TRA tool has been used to estimate workplace exposures unlessotherwise indicated

Title Exposure route Calculation method predicted exposurelevel

Risk characterisationratio (RCR)

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC15

Worker - dermal,long-term - systemic

0.003

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC15

Worker - inhalative,long-term - systemic

0.019

Contributing Scenario [CS]PROC15

Worker - combined,long-term - systemic

0.012

Section 4 - Guidance to check compliance with the exposure scenario

Predicted exposures are not expected to exceed the applicable exposure limits (given in section 8 of the SDS) when theoperational conditions/risk management measures given in section 2 are implemented. Where other risk managementmeasures/operational conditions are adopted, then users should ensure that risks are managed to at least equivalent levels.Guidance is based on assumed operating conditions which may not be applicable to all sites; thus, scaling may be necessaryto define appropriate site-specific risk management measures.