Disediakan oleh :AMIR MOHAMEDCIAST, Shah Alam

“ ANUNPLANNEDEVENTWHICHRESULTSINUNACCEPTABLE

CONSEQUENCES ”

“AN UNPLANNED AND UNDESIREABLE EVENT WHICH

INTERRUPTS NORMAL ACTIVITY”

ACCIDENT PREVENTION

WORKING EASIER

Production is higher

Quality is better

Takes less time & costs less money

How to prevent accident from occur?

FROM THAT

Our companyOur profitOur incomeOur employee

still stay/ maintain

if we omit/ exclusion

accident & result

Higher costLower profit

cause why

Money spent for accident is not like money spent for material or wages. There is no return on money spent for accident.

DATE DISASTERS CASUALTIES

31 July 1988Collapse of Sultan Abdul Halim Jetty, Butterworth, Penang.

2 dead; 1,674 injured

7 May 1991Fire and explosion of Bright Sparklers Fireworks Factory, Sg. Buloh, Selangor.

22 dead; 103 injured

5 April 1992Fire at Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah International Airport, Subang.

3 dead

20 June 1992Choon Hong 111 Ship, explosion and fire, Port Klang, Selangor.

13 dead

11 Dec 1993Collapse of Highland Towers Condominium, Hulu Klang, Selangor.

52 dead

30 June 1995Landslide, off Genting Highland Road, Pahang.

20 dead; 22 injured

15 July 1996Tourist Bus Accident, Ravine at Km 15, Genting Highland, Pahang.

17 dead

29 Aug 1996Mud Slide, Natives Resettlement Village, Pos Dipang, Kg. Sahom, Kampar, Perak.

44 dead

24 Dec 1997Fire and explosion, SMDS, Bintulu Sarawak.

5 dead; property damage

SOME RECENT INCIDENTS IN MALAYSIA

YEAR

ALL INDUSTRIES CONSTRUCTION

ACCIDENTSDEATHS

ACCIDENTSDEATHS

TOTALPER 1000

TOTALPER 1000

1988 88,127 1.5 802 2816 7.9

1989 107,479 1.7 869 3187 8.2

1990 121,104 1.9 731 2631 6.2

1991 124,898 1.8 830 3854 8.3

1992 124,503 1.9 778 4154 8.2

1993 133,293 1.8 653 4007 8.0 11

1994 122,688 1.6 644 4311 7.6 44

1995 114,134 1.5 952 4406 6.9 76

1996 108,418 1.3 5401 7.4 80

1997 89,047 1.0 3646 4.7 136

OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS AND DEATHS IN MALAYSIA (1988 – 1997)

CAUSE OF FATALITIES

BY INDUSTRY

CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING OTHERS TOTAL

Fall or persons. 52 1 3 56

Struck by falling/flying objects.

22 2 24

Knocked by moving objects.

7 2 2 11

Caught in between moving objects.

2 3 1 6

Struck by lightning.

Overcome by toxic gas.

Cave-ins & slides. 4 1 3 8

Fire 1 1

Electrocution 3 3

Others 1 3 4

Total 92 9 12 113

MAIN CAUSES OF FATAL ACCIDENTS – 1997(AS REPORTED IN SELANGOR/WILAYAH PERSEKUTUAN)

Every five working days two workers die from work accidents.Each day 134 others are injured and need more than one week off work.

These figure are for industrial accident. Hidden are the disabilities caused by diseases and illness contracted through work.

FATALITY

LOST TIMEINJURIES

MINOR INJURIES/ PROPERTY DAMAGE

NEAR MISSES

UNSAFE ACTS/ CON/ENV

Design of tools & equipment

Layout of workplace

However one constant factor involved in every accident ?

Environmental conditions

INDIRECTLY INVOLVED

DIRECTLY INVOLVED

Fatigue Stress

Taking shorts cut Lack of experiance

Lack of training Lack of concentration

Not wearing appropriate PPE

Using incorrect tool Not following work

practices

Fault with the original design of a piece of equipment.

Inappropriate purchasing decisions. Behaviour of fellow

individuals in the workplace.

Can we eliminatethis factor ?

Safety awareness is all about understanding the need to prevent avoidable accidents and there are three compelling reasons why every organisation

and every individual MUST accept accident prevention as vital element of all activity in the

workplace.

HUMANITARIAN

ECONOMIC LEGAL

An accident can lead to a change of lifestyle that can be for an individual

and often for a whole family.

Organisation face lossabsenteeism, higher accident compensation premium

Hidden cost of accidentsstopped production, spoilage of material, damage to plant and equipment, replacement of staff, training &

re-training, re-tooling, re-designing

Refer to the Act

Workers, unions and employees don’t always agree on why accident happen.

Workers may say that the workplace is :HAZARDOUS * UNSAFE * DANGEROUS * BADLY ORGANISED

THE WORKPLACE IS TO BLAME.

Employers sometimes say that the worker is :CARELESS * RECKLESS * SILLY * ACCIDENT PRONE

* STUBBORN * INCONSIDERATE * IGNORANT

THE WORKER IS TO BLAME.

Some accidents may be due to human errors.But the work environment must recognise that the workersare human and sometimes make mistakes – this must be

acknowledged during workplace design.Employers can improve the workplace so that stress,

fatigue and poor working conditions do notcause mistakes.

HAS BLAMING EACH OTHER SOLVED THE PROBLEM ?NO, AS CAN BE SEEN FROM THE ACCIDENT FIGURES

Accidents don’t just happen, they’re caused.

All accidents are avoidable.

Nearly all injuries and illnesses can be prevented.

Hazards has potential for damaging people, property and environment.

Accident is unplanned and uncontrolled event..

IMMEDIATE

Death Injury

Pain

DiseaseDamage

Loss

Fear

SHORTTERM

Medical Treatment

Repair

Replacements

Lost ProductionIncreased Cost

Discipline

Low Morale

LONGTERM

SufferingDisability

LostIncome

InsuranceCompensation

Mistrust

MissedTargets

Profitability

COST TO THE

Supervisor

Victim &Dependents

Section/Department

Firm

Nation

Suffering

Lost ofearning

Extraexpences

Effect on family

Continuingdisability

Effect onsport & hobbies

Worry

Recrimination

Report, extra work, training new staff

Loss prestige

Morale Capacity to produce

Loss of earning

Compensation

ExtraInsurancepremium

Lost of client

Damage tothe equipmentand materials

Loss inpaying in

legal action Penalty

Loss ofincome ina form of

income tax

Loss ofmorale

People at all organisational levels in involved. Identifies individual and shared responsibilities. Integrates safety with other functions and responsibilities. Allocates appropriate priority and authority.. Creates co-ordinated effort.. Makes best use of skills and experience available. Allocates or allows access to proper funding / resources.

Provides for follow up.. Gives constant attention to all safety matters- monitoring all aspect..

Provides for regular consultation and communication.

FOR SUCCESS, EVERYONE MUST RECOGNISE THAT :

Line management is responsible for safety.

Safety is a team responsibility.

All accidents are preventable.

Remote control is possible..

Safety is as important as

production, quality or profit.

THE RESPONSIBILITY OF A SUPERVISOR OR SAFETY

OFFICERS IS TO:

SAFEGUARDTHE WORK AREA

SAFEGUARDTHE WORKER

SAFEGUARDTHE WORK METHOD

1. Passageways and exit.2. Moving objects.3. Storage and stacking.4. Surfaces and edges.5. Workarea cleanliness.

6. Defective wiring and lighting.7. Ventilation.8. Floor, roof and walls.9. Access to fire appliances.10. Flammable and hazardous substances.

Inspect for unsafe condition.

- Eliminate- Guard

- Warn- Report

THE

DANGER

IN

SPOT

CONTROL

PREVENT

1. Poor maintenance.2. Defective tools and materials.3. Poor or untidy layout.4. Handling materials.5. Deficiencies in protective equipment.6. Poor plan jobs.7. Fire and disaster routine.

Make the methodsafe.

- Eliminate- Guard

- Warn- Report

THE

DANGER

IN

SPOT

CONTROL

PREVENT

1. Knowledge of safety rules.2. Induction safety programmes.3. Personal attire.4. Discipline.5. Use of protective devices.

6. Use of PPE.7. Use of RPE.8. Personal hygiene.9. Method of doing work.

Train and follow-up.

- Eliminate- Guard

- Warn- Report

THE

DANGER

IN

SPOT

CONTROL

PREVENT

TRAINING IS A KEY FACTORS IN ACCIDENT PREVENTION AND EFFECTIVE WORKPLACE HEALTH AND SAFETY.

A good, effective health and safety training programme:

Clearly states who will do the training. Clearly states who is responsible for overseeing the identification of training needs and the provision of that training. Provides for training of health and safety representatives and all health and safety committee members. Provides for generalised health and safety training, including hazards management.

Provides for specific training related to particular hazards in the workplace. Covers everyone in the workplace from senior management to new staff. Looks at the risk situations for training requirements. Provides for on-going refresher courses. Stimulates interest in health and safety on the job. Provides specialist training for specific tasks e.g. first aid, emergency procedures, civil defence, inspections and accident investigations

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MALAYSIAN STANDARDS TRAINING REQUIREMENTSCode of Practice For Safety & Health At Work

( Management Training )

Training for management should include explanation of :

1. The company’ safety and health policy.2. Their responsibility and accountability.3. Practices and procedures to ensure responsibilities are met, particularly the importance of senior mangement’s involvement in safety matters.4. Basic concepts and theories of accident prevention.

5. Legal obligations.

The aims and objectives in and enterprises occupational safety and health policy cannot be achieved without effective personalized supervision. Training of supervisors is ;

1. Explanation and supervision of work practices of employees under their control.

2. Provision of effective communication between management and workforce.

3. Interpretation of occupational safety and health legislation and work instructions.

MALAYSIAN STANDARDS TRAINING REQUIREMENTSCode of Practice For Safety & Health At Work

( Supervisor Training )

4. Instruction of new and transferred employees.

5. Continual instruction of all (old and new) employees whwn the necessity arises.

6. On going monitoring of work practices to detect and correct any dangerous acts and conditions in the workplace.

7. Reporting and correct investigation of all accidents, including those not involving personal or property damage.

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1. Workplace training.

2. Induction training.

3. Supervisors need to ensure that :

- Training of employees has been adequate and appropriate.

- Employees have the necessary skill for the job.

- Work methods are safe and are being observed

- Hazards are detected and eliminated.

- Particular attention is paid at times of change, e.g. new employees, new or increased quantities of materials, new methods or new machinery.

MALAYSIAN STANDARDS TRAINING REQUIREMENTSCode of Practice For Safety & Health At Work

( Employee Training )