safe work procedures - province of manitoba

Manitoba Conservation Fire Program

Safe Work Procedures

Safe Work ProceduresManitoba Conservation Fire Program

Index

Aircraft

A01 - Hover Exit from a Helicopter 1

A02 - Helicopter Approach, Transport and Departure 3

A03 - Heli-Spot Pick-up (temporary landing area for helicopters) 6

Equipment

E01 - Felling and Limbing a Tree 8

E02 - Drip Torch Operation 12

E03 - Shoveling/Digging and Shovel Selection 15

E04 - Pressure Testing Hose 17

E05 - General Chainsaw Operation 19

General

G01 - Initial Attack of Forest Fire 22

G01 - Ground Crews Working on Sustained Action Wildfire 25

G01 - Working on the Fireline during Mop-up Stage 27

G01 - Construction of Heli-Spot 30 (a temporary landing area for helicopters)

G01 - Wildfire Suppression Activities Near Hydro Lines 33

G01 - Wildfire Suppression in Blowdown 35

G01 - Fire Crews Working in Isolation 37

1Safe Work Procedures Aircraft

A01 - Hover Exit from a Helicopter

Hazards Present Personal Protective Equipment or Devices Required

Additional Training Requirements

�� Sudden weight shift in helicopter may cause crash

�� Any pushing or pulling on the outside of aircraft can cause a rotor strike

�� Rotor contact with materials being loaded or unloaded

��Gusty wind conditions�� Falling off the

helicopter

�� Communication device��Hard Hat with chin

strap��Hearing protection�� Eye protection�� CSA approved boots

with 8” upper ankle support.

��Minimum Type 2 Fire Fighter Training or equivalent experience.

�� Practical hover exit training and yearly certification

PurposeTo identify the hazards involved in conducting a hover exit from a helicopter.

GeneralHover exits should only occur when the option for a stable landing is not available. The pilot must confirm that the helicopter company has an approved Operation Specification 44 in their operations manual allowing them to load or unload from a hover, as per the Canadian Air Regulations. Practical Hover Exit Training must be conducted every 12 months to certifyworkers. As per the Operational Guideline a hover is defined as a helicopter with the skids not touching any ground surface. The maximum skid height is three feet above the ground. All movement during a hover exit should be slow and deliberate with no sudden weight shift or movement.

1.) Pilot will position the aircraft and advise the crew when ready for the hover exit to begin.

2.) The chainsaw person will open the door of the aircraft and exit facing the helicopter with both hands holding onto stationary parts of the helicopter. All movement shall be in a slow controlled manner. The rest of the crew will exit one at a time in the same fashion. The crew leader will remain on board with the headset in place until the unloading is totally completed.

2Safe Work Procedures

Aircraft

3.) The tailboom should be unloaded first in all cases to maintain aircraft balance. If unloading the tail is not an option, locate an alternate spot to unload tail and retrieve

that equipment later when the weight of the cabin equipment has been off loaded.

4.) Crew placement, once outside of the aircraft in a hover, will depend on the size of the aircraft, terrain, the pilot and the height of the hover. Gener-ally in a medium helicopter at least one crew member can stand on the skid and pass equipment down to the crew if required. Never straddle the skid.

5.) Unload in layers. Equipment must be unloaded in an orderly fashion to ensure load balance at all times.

6.) Everything is passed hand to hand with heavier articles placed on top of lighter ones when they are unloaded.

7.) Once all of the equipment is unloaded the crew will crouch behind the off loaded material securing light articles as necessary.

8.) The crew leader will exit the helicopter and position themselves with the crew members and gear; giving the pilot the thumbs up when ready to have the helicopter lift off the helispot.

9.) Once the helicopter lifts off, the crew shall turn on their portable radios to the appropriate fire frequency. Communication should be established before the helicopter lift off the helispot.

Guidance Documents/Standards/Applicable Legislation/Other:Initial Attack Working GroupOperational Guideline FO20503 – Helicopter Hover ExitFASWG/Fire Program Trainers

Manitoba Workplace Safety & Health RegulationMR 217/2006 Part 6 Personal Protective Equipment

A02 - Helicopter Approach, Transport and Departure



�� rotor strike to body��mechanical failure�� bird strike�� severe weather�� debris on pad�� pilot error

�� hearing protection�� eye protection

�� pilot briefing

PurposeTo identify the hazards of helicopter approach, transport and departure.

GeneralEnsure you receive a Pilot Safety Briefing for the aircraft you will be travelling in prior to flight. Ensure clear understanding of how all headsets, doors and seat belts function, and the location of all emergency equipment. Pre-arrange seating and load configuration. Your pilot must be familiar with local frequencies and geography.

Approaching/Departing

1.) Do not have loose articles on your person, such as hats, that can be blown off in the rotor wash. All carried items should be held at waist level or below, in a horizontal position.

2.) If helipad is not on level ground, approach or depart on the downward slope.

3.) Ensure eye contact with the pilot when approaching or departing the helicopter.

4.) Approach or depart aircraft in a crouched manner for additional clear-ance from main rotor.

5.) Never proceed beyond tailboom compartment for any reason.


Transport

1.) Enter the helicopter one person at a time as per prearranged seating position.

2.) Ensure doors are securely closed.

3.) Fasten seat belt and shoulder harness. Both should be snug.

4.) Turn off portable radios.

5.) Put on headset if available, and check to ensure proper functioning prior to take off. Avoid unnecessary radio chatter during take off and landing. Utilize alternate hearing protection if headset is not available.

6.) Do not lean on windows and doors during flight.

7.) Communication must follow Aircraft Dispatch and Position Reporting Guidelines for flight following purposes, F02-05-02.

8.) Do not remove seat belt during flight. Remain buckled in until pilot informs you it is safe to unbuckle.

9.) Re-buckle seat belt prior to departing helicopter.

10.) Notify the pilot of any hazards observed.

11.) Any aircraft incidents should be reported as per Operational Guideline F02-05-01 Aircraft Accidents and Incidents.

Note: Always notify pilot of any hazards observed. Hazards can be another aircraft, bird, wire or other obstacle. Ground hazards can be a skid/bear paw becoming stuck in snow, roots or boggy ground at take off. Helicop-ter skids must always be free and clear of ground entrapment when lifting off. Ground hazards are also light articles that may be lifted into the rotor blades. Notify the pilot if you see any hazards. Never assume the pilot is aware of a hazard.

4 Safe Work Procedures

Aircraft


Guidance Documents/Standards/Applicable Legislation/Other:Initial Attack Working GroupManitoba Conservation “Safety Tips for Emergency Fire Fighters” brochureFASWGFire Program Operational Guidelines

F02-05-01- Aircraft Accidents and Incidents F02-05-02- Aircraft Dispatch and Position Reporting F02-05-05 – Personnel Authorized to Use Aircraft F02-05-11 –Aircraft Safety Equipment F02-05-13 –Helicopters-Heli-Tac Officer Presence

Manitoba Workplace Safety and Health Regulation MR 217/2006Part 6 Personal Protective EquipmentPart 12 Hearing Conservation


Aircraft

A03 - Heli-Spot Pick-up (temporary landing area for helicopters)



�� rotor strike �� eye protection�� hearing protection�� CSA approved boots

8” ankle support�� communication device�� hard hat with chin

strap

�� training in loading and unloading

�� pilot briefing

PurposeTo identify the hazards involved in the pick-up of fire crews and equipment at a heli-spot.

GeneralThe heli-spot should be in accordance with the Safe Work Procedure (SWP) for Construction of a Heli-spot to ensure the area is constructed as safe as possible. Approach should be in accordance with the SWP for Helicopter Approach, Transport and Departure.

1.) Observe the wind direction. The pilot will want to land with the aircraft nose into the wind.

2.) If there is equipment to be loaded on to the helicopter, position the equipment on the side of the heli-pad that will be next to the pilot when the aircraft comes in to land. Always secure any light items beneath heavier ones. Do not pile items over waist height. Ensure the area is clear of any other light items or debris. Personnel shall secure lighter items.

3.) Communicate with the incoming aircraft prior to arrival and be aware of arrival time.


4.) As the landing occurs, the preferred location of the crew members is in a tight group at a safe distance (typically tree line edge) in front of the pad. There may be some exceptions--where wind direction and terrain factors will not allow for this to be the safest option. If this situation arises, the crew crouches in a tight group with the equipment while the helicopter lands. In either case all crew members must have required personal protective equipment on.

5.) Always maintain communication with the aircraft so the pilot can advise of any difficulties in entering the heli-spot or a request for equipment or crew re-positioning.

6.) Maintain a fixed position, eye contact with the pilot, until the aircraft lands on the pad. Do not move until the pilot gives you the “O.K.” nod.

7.) Ensure eye contact with the pilot when approaching or departing the helicopter. Approach or depart aircraft in a crouched manner for additional clearance from main rotor. Never approach a helicopter on a downward slope.

Guidance Documents/Standards/Applicable Legislation/Other:Initial Attack Working GroupFASWG/Fire Program TrainersFire Program Operational Guideline F02-05-13; Heli-Tac Officer Presence

Manitoba Workplace Safety and Health Regulation MR 217/2006Part 6 Personal Protective EquipmentPart 9 Working Alone or in Isolation


Equipment

E01 - Felling and Limbing a Tree



�� serious cuts to operator or co-workers

�� serious head/body strikes and crushes to operator and co-workers

�� hearing loss�� eye injury�� back injury/strain

�� communication device�� First Aid kit�� hard hat�� eye protection�� hearing protection�� face screen�� Class A chainsaw

chaps�� chainsaw gloves�� CSA approved boots

with 8” ankle support �� fire extinguisher

(where practical)�� long sleeved shirt�� chainsaw kit�� axe�� high visibility vest

(when required)

�� successfully completed the department approved practical chainsaw training program

PurposeTo identify the hazards involved in the felling and limbing of a tree.

GeneralOnly use a saw that you have pre-inspected and fueled. If the saw has a signed and dated pre-inspection/fueling tag, do a visual check of the saw. When operating a chainsaw another person shall be present. All saw operation must follow the Safe Work Procedure for general chainsaw operation.

Beginning to Cut

1. Put on all required personal protective equipment.

2. View the tree that you are intending to cut, and the surrounding trees. Look for chicots (dead or partially dead trees) in the proximity. Chicots must be removed before any other work can proceed.

9Safe Work Procedures Equipment

3.) Determine the fall direction of the tree. This is based on the natural lean of the tree, the wind force and direction, and the canopy weight. Other factors that may affect the direction of fall are the health of the tree, entanglement of branches, ground slope and snow load. Only an experienced feller should fell trees near buildings, hydro lines or in extremely gusty wind conditions.

4.) Once fall direction is determined, establish a primary and secondary escape path from the tree. The paths should run at a 45° angle from the direction of tree fall. Clear the escape paths.

5.) Remove any lower branches, up to shoulder height, on the tree that may interfere with your felling work.

6.) Before beginning to cut, ensure all co-workers in the area are aware of the up-coming cut. Anyone in the area must ensure he/she maintains a minimum distance away--2x the height of the tree in all directions. No one should ever enter this zone without authorization from the feller.

Danger Area

Line of Fall

Danger Area Danger Area

45° Escape Path 45° Escape Path


Equipment

7.) To cut using the Conventional NotchCut the sloping cut 1/3 the diameter of the tree.Cut the horizontal cut to meet the diagonal cut and remove the notch of wood.Look up and around after each cut.Move to the opposite side of the tree to make the back cut. The back cut should be 1” to 2” above the lower notch just cut.As the tree begins to fall, give a warning shout, set the chain break, and carefully move away in your primary safety zone. Always keep your footing safe and secure.Do not move back into the area until the tree has hit the ground and all debris has fallen.

8.) If limbing the tree, limb one side at a time. Know where the tip of the saw is at all times and beware of “kick back”.

Guidance Documents/Standards/Applicable Legislation/Other:NE chainsaw InstructorFire Program chainsaw instruction material

Manitoba Workplace Safety and Health Regulation MR 217/2006Part 5 First AidPart 6 Personal Protective EquipmentPart 9 Working Alone or in IsolationPart 12 Hearing Protection

Conventional Notch

Back Cut

Direction of Fall

45°

HingeWood


E02 - Drip Torch Operation



�� burns�� slips and trips�� flammable liquids

�� eye Protection�� CSA approved boots �� gloves�� CGSB Nomex Clothing �� fire extinguisher 10lb.

ABC��wiping rags

�� Type 1 Fire Fighter Training or equivalent experience

PurposeThe purpose of this procedure is to identify the hazards involved in the use of a drip torch.

GeneralPrecautions should be taken to prevent danger to yourself and others. A means of escape should always be located before setting fires where rapid spread may prove hazardous to yourself or others. All petroleum products should be handled with the same precautions as when working with gaso-line. Keep torch in good working condition, make sure all connections are tight, inspected on a regular basis, and replace any damaged parts with original replacement parts only.

Fire Program Operational Guidelines F01-03—10 “Prescribed Burning” and F01-03-11 “Hazard Reduction Burning” may be applicable and should be reviewed prior to burning.

Torch Handling Procedure

1) Wear all personal protective equipment before beginning task.

2) FuellingPrepare Special Fuel Mixture by adding #1 diesel to Jet A-1, using three to one ratio.Ensure that a 10 lb. ABC fire extinguisher is within reach during all operations of the drip torch.Fuelling should take place on a non-combustible surface a minimum


Equipment

of 1 square meter (3 suare feet) away from any sparks or embers, and a minimum of 30 meters (98 feet) from the ignition operation area.Fuel should be premixed in a separate approved gas container and shaken thoroughly prior to fuelling the drip torch tank.

Never use gasoline! Explosive vapors may be released from these mix-tures. Handle mixtures accordingly.

Prepare your drip torch for use by removing the lock ring and spout. Fill the tank ¾ full. This will leave room for expansion. If the tank is filled to the top, leakage will result. Wipe off any fuel that may have spilled onto the outside surface of the tank or handle. Dispose of wiping material well away from the filling site. Clothing contaminated with fuel should be replaced prior to torch operation.


3) Torch Ignition

Move from the fuelling site and select an area with sufficient duff layer to ignite the torch.Except for the fuel being used in the drip torch, all excess fuel should be kept well clear of the ignition operation area.Remove the discharge spout sealing plug and screw it into the blind threaded socket.Place the spout assembly on the gasket in the mouth of the tank with the spout exposed. Screw the lock ring down securely. (Torch should never be operated without the gasket because it could cause some fuel to leak onto the outside tank and handle surfaces.)Shake the torch to ensure the fuel is well mixed.Slightly open the breather valve on the tank to allow air into the container and fuel to flow. Check the torch for leaks.If fuel leaks from any part of the torch other than the nozzle, empty the fuel into an approved fuel container and return for servicing.Light the igniter by igniting a portion of the duff layer and then lower the wick to burning duff to ignite. After the torch is ignited, thoroughly extinguish the duff fire. The torch is now ready to be used. Tank should not be opened or filled near an open flame, hot coals, sparks or while smoking. The tank may contain dangerous vapors!

4) Torch Operation

Hold the torch to your side pointing the igniter away from your body.Gradually tilt the torch forward until the fuel pours over the burning igniter casting a flame along the path you are traveling.If no flame carries with discharged fuel, reduce the flashpoint of fuel by increasing the Jet A-1 proportion of the mixture, this operation must be completed back at the fuelling site. Pay special attention to the direction of flame travel when personnel are nearby!When igniting strips at right angles to the wind direction always light on the downwind side of yourself regardless of which ignition pattern is being used.Maintain balance and sure footing. Never walk backwards while igniting, always face the direction of travel. Avoid climbing over logs or dead falls. Go around obstructions paying attention to wind direction and ignition pattern. Avoid spilling fuel on clothes or boots.


Equipment

5) Torch Extinguishment, Handling and Storage

To extinguish the torch, stand it upright (preferably on mineral soil). Close the breather valve and allow the wick to burn itself out. Do not try to blow out the flame. Burn injuries, primarily to the face area, may result. Ensure the torch tip has cooled prior to removing it for refueling or storage.After the igniter cools, empty mixture into an approved container and mark container as to its contents. The torch must be empty of fuel for transportation and storage. Remove the lock ring, return the spout to the inside of the tank and replace the lock ring securely.Unscrew the discharge sealing plug from the blind threaded socket and return it securely to the spout opening.Turn the air breather valve clockwise to close it.Carry and store your torch with the same care you would give any fuel tank.If the drip torch must be quickly extinguished in an emergency situation, close the breather valve. The tip should then be smothered in mineral soil or water. This may damage the wick and should only be done in emergency situations. Tag the torch as having been extinguished due to an emergency and return for inspection/repair.

Guidance Documents/Standards/Applicable Legislation/Other:Drip torch manufacturers manualFire program personnelOntario Module 17 Ground Ignition OperationsFASWGFire Program Operational Guideline F01-03-10; Prescribed BurningFire Program Operational Guideline F01-03-10 Hazard Reduction Burning

Manitoba Workplace Safety and Health Regulation MR 217/2006Part 6 Personal Protective EquipmentPart 9 Working Alone or in IsolationPart 19 fire and Explosive Hazards


E03 - Shoveling/Digging and Shovel Selection



�� body sprains and strains

�� slips and trips

�� eye protection�� CSA approved boots�� gloves�� long pants�� hard hat – depending

upon working area

PurposeTo ensure proper technique in the use of a shovel/spade and proper shovel/spade selection for the job task required.

Shovelling, Digging Procedure

1.) Do some warm-up exercises prior to start of work. Flexing and stretching to warm and loosen the muscles.

2.) Put on personal protective equipment.

3.) Allow for safe working distance between other crew members and ensure that material is not thrown in their direction.

4.) Never throw or toss a shovel or spade toward another person. Pass it over with the handle forward.

5.) Use the ball of the foot, not the instep, to press the spade into clay or other stiff material.

6.) Lift only what you can handle. Avoid strain when digging and lifting by using the leg muscles as much as possible. Be sure of footing and balance when shoveling.

7.) Always turn feet in the direction of throw and do not twist your body.

8.) Never leave a spade where others may stumble over or strike against it. Hang it up. Place the blade securely in the ground or other material, or stand the tool in a corner.


Equipment

Keep feet wide apart. Place front foot close to shovel.

Put weight on front foot. Use leg to push shovel.

9.) Review the following illustrations and captions for proper techniques in weight shift, load distribution and foot placement for shoveling and digging.

Shift weight to rear foot. Keep load close to body.

Turn feet in direction of throw.

Push spade down using leg muscle. Slide load close to body. Ensure load is loose from ground before lifting.

Techniques for Digging


E04 - Pressure Testing Hose



��water under high pressure

�� eye and face/body injury

�� slip and trip hazards

�� safety glasses�� hard hat with face

screen�� hearing protection�� CSA approved boots

PurposeTo identify the hazards involved in pressure testing hose.

GeneralAll fire hose is pressure tested to ensure that it will withstand the water pres-sure applied to it in field operations. If the hose has weakened areas, they may blow open when the water pressure is applied. All hose is tested to the specifications set out in the Fire Equipment Standards Manual.

1.) Before starting the pump, the hoses and couplings must be inspected and connected properly for the pressure testing procedure.

2.) Ensure a release value is open prior to starting pump to release water pressure.

3.) The hoses to be pressure tested should be laid out on the testing rack with the couplings securely attached to the testing system. The hoses should be straight as possible with no kinks. All of the hose valves should be in the open position to start. The valve position is written on the valve handle.

4.) To pressure test the hoses, one person must operate the water valves and two other people are handling the fog nozzle at the end of the two hoses being tested. When the group is ready to test, the two nozzle per-sons will indicate verbally to the valve operator they have the fog nozzles attached and are ready. Shut the release valve on the wye.

5.) The hoses should fill up with water. The nozzle persons will close off the fog nozzles once all the air has been removed from the hose and water


Equipment

starts to flow. The valve operator will read the pressure indicator meter. If the hoses have weakened areas they may blow open during this test. Noz-zle person should not step over the hoses when they are pressurized. An assigned person should check for leaks and weak areas which may rupture, and notify the valve operator of any findings.

6.) When the valve operator has an accurate pressure reading for the allot-ted time (Equipment Standards Manual indicates PSI and time), they will give the thumbs up and open the pressure relief valve. The nozzle persons will open the nozzles. The nozzle persons will remove the fog nozzle and move on to the next set of hoses.

7.) The valve operator will close the hose valve while simultaneously open-ing the next hose valve. If the next hose valve cannot be opened simultane-ously then the release valve on the wye should be opened to release the water pressure. Failure to do so may cause parts of the system to blow off causing worker injury.

8.) The testing will continue down the row of hoses until all have been tested.

Guidance Documents/Standards/Applicable Legislation/Other:FASWGEastern Region Fire Tech.Fire Equipment Standards Manual

Manitoba Workplace Safety and Health Regulation MR 217/2006Part 6 Personal Protective Equipment


E05 - General Chainsaw Operation



�� serious cuts to operator or co-workers

�� serious head/body strikes and crushes to operator and co-workers

�� hearing loss�� eye injury�� back injury/strain

�� communication device�� First Aid kit�� hard hat�� eye protection�� hearing protection�� face screen�� class a chainsaw chaps�� chainsaw gloves�� CSA approved boots

8” ankle support �� fire extinguisher

(where practical)�� long sleeved shirt�� chainsaw kit�� axe

�� successfully completed the department approved practical chainsaw training program

PurposeTo identify the hazards involved in the general use of a chainsaw.

GeneralOnly use a saw that you have pre-inspected and fueled. If the saw has a signed and dated pre-inspection/fueling tag, do a visual check of the saw. When operating a chainsaw another person shall be present.

Starting the Chainsaw

1.) Put on all required personal protective equipment.

2.) Be at least 3 meters (10 feet) away from any fuel container.

3.) Place the saw in a clear area. Ensure that the chain and bar are clear of debris and that the chain brake is on. Put the operating switch into the “run” position. On a cold saw, engage the choke.

4.) Hold the saw firmly on the ground, and grip the front handle bar with one hand, placing one foot in the handle. If it is not possible to start the saw on the ground (wet, soft or very uneven ground) the “leg lock” method


Equipment

may be used. This method should only be used by those with the physical strength to safely do so. The chainsaw must be locked between the legs just at, or above knee height. Both arms straight, with one hand holding the saw and the other hand pulling the cord. The chain brake must be engaged prior to starting, using either method. Never drop start a chainsaw!

5.) Pull out the starting cord gently until you feel resistance and then pull the cord sharply. Do not pull the cord all the way out. Keep hand on recoil to prevent it from snapping back into the saw.

6.) The chain brake may be removed when you have the saw started and are in a stationary position ready to cut. The saw should be able to idle without the chain spinning. If this is not possible the saw needs to be shut off and serviced.

Parts of the Saw

1.) Chain catcher – prevents a broken or dislodged chain from striking the operator

2.) Flywheel

3.) Clutch

4.) Decompression valve

5.) Anti-vibration handle system

6.) Hand guard

7.) Anti-vibration system

8.) Muffler

9.) Chain brake – to stop the chain if kickback occurs

10.) Throttle

11.) Throttle interlock – prevents the throttle from activation until the interlock is depressed


General Operation of the Saw

1.) Hold onto the saw firmly with both hands.

2.) Try not to stand directly behind the saw.

3.) Always have secure footing.

4.) Never use the saw above shoulder height.

5.) When cutting, hold the saw as close to the body as possible and avoid reaching with the saw. Keep handle bar arm straight.

6.) Keep the bar tip extended through the cut and avoid cutting with tip of bar. Keep bar tip clear of all objects to avoid kickback.

7.) Always engage the chain brake when not actively cutting with the saw.

8.) Always keep muffler away from body to avoid burns.

9.) Do not attempt to carry or pull on heavy logs. Cut materials into sizes that can be safely moved, or ask for help. Take mini stretch breaks.

10.) When walking with the saw, shut the saw off. Carry the saw so the bar is behind you and re-start at your next cutting location.

11.) Refer to Safe Work Procedure for Felling Trees.

Guidance Documents/Standards/Applicable Legislation/Other:NE chainsaw InstructorFire Program chainsaw instruction material



General

G01 - Initial Attack of Forest Fire



�� burn over�� slips and trips�� body sprain/strain�� eye injury�� smoke inhalation�� hit by tanker drop�� heat disorders�� dehydration

�� communication device�� CGSB Nomex clothing�� hard hat�� hearing protection�� eye protection�� CSA approved boot

with 8” ankle support�� gloves�� personal First Aid kit

��minimum of Type 2 Fire Fighter Training

PurposeTo identify the hazards of the ground work involved in the initial attack of forest fires.

GeneralEnsure all protective equipment is worn and that you are adequately hydrated and have drinking water available. Portable radios should be functioning and one spare charged battery should be available. Safety Zones and Escape Routes should be identified prior to the commencement of the Initial Attack. Listen to directions of crew leader and air-support. If water bombers are present at the fire, communications should be established between the crew leader and the birddog aircraft. If there is no available radio communication, the birddog aircraft will warn crews of the drop with a fly-by and a yelping siren. This signals the crew to clear the area. When the drops have been completed and it is safe for crews to return to the area, the birddog will indicate with a wailing sound. Follow the “LACES” directive at all times.

L-ookout

A-nchor points

C-ommunication

E-scape routes

S-afety zones

23Safe Work Procedures General

Pump set-up

1.) Ensure stable footing. Pull recoil out slowly before starting pump to ensure functionality and avoid hand injury. Brace pump with foot and pull start cord. One person should remain at pump until it is certain the pump will continue to run and has an adequate water source.

Hose Laying

2.) Safe lifting techniques should be used to pick up hose bag. Get assistance when available. Part one hose is used from pump to fireline. Part two hose is used at the fireline. Avoid areas of heavy smoke and ensure stable footing. Aerial Foam drops can leave surfaces very slippery, so use extra caution. Use face screen to protect against tree branches. Nozzle

3.) Maintain control of charged nozzle at all times. When strangling hose, position strangler a minimum of 3 meters/10 feet back from coupler. Place foot on the hose as you are strangling to prevent strangler from slipping ahead. Use two hands to strangle, always maintaining control of strangler and releasing slowly. Never straddle hose.

Lookout/Scout

4.) Rank four is the upper limit of ground suppression activities

W-eather dominates fire behavior so keep informed.

A-ctions must be based on current and expected fire behavior.

T-ry out at least two safe escape routes.

C-ommunication is essential. Maintain communication with crew and adjoining forces.

H-azards to watch include flash fuels, spot fires and snags.

O-bserve changes in wind direction or velocity, temperature and fire spread.

U-nderstand your instructions and make sure yours are understood.

T-hink clearly, be alert and act decisively BEFORE your situation becomes critical.


General

Guidance Documents/Standards/Applicable Legislation/Other:Initial Attack Working GroupFASWGManitoba Conservation “Safety Tips for Emergency Fire Fighters” brochure

Manitoba Workplace Safety and Health Regulation MR 217/2006Part 5 First AidPart 6 Personal Protective EquipmentPart 9 Working in IsolationPart 12 Hearing Protection


G02 - Ground Crews Working on Sustained Action Wildfire



�� burn over�� slips and trips�� body sprain/strain�� eye injury�� smoke inhalation�� trees falling over or

branches breaking off�� getting lost�� dehydration ��wildlife encounters�� heat disorders

�� communication device�� hard hat�� hearing protection�� eye protection�� CGSB Nomex clothing�� gloves�� CSA approved boots

with 8” ankle support.�� personal First Aid kit��warm clothing to suit

variable seasonal conditions

��must be certified as a Manitoba Emergency Fire Fighter or a departmental employee with equivalent or higher training

PurposeTo identify the hazards involved in working on the fireline during sustained action.

GeneralHazards shall continually be assessed on the fireline. The Crew Leaders must ensure communication with the main base in case of emergency. There are limitations to air-support which may include darkness and poor weather.

W-eather dominates fire behavior so keep informed.

A-ctions must be based on current and expected fire behavior.

T-ry out at least two safe escape routes.

C-ommunication is essential. Maintain communication with crew and adjoining forces.

H-azards to watch include flash fuels, spot fires and snags.

O-bserve changes in wind direction or velocity, temperature and fire spread.

U-nderstand your instructions and make sure yours are understood.

T-hink clearly, be alert and act decisively BEFORE your situation becomes critical.


General

Communication is essential when working on the fireline. Always know where you and your crew members are. Maintain communication with the other crews on the fireline and with any air support/main base.Always wear the listed Personal Protective Equipment. Hearing protection may not have to be worn when the worker is not exposed to loud noises but the worker must have hearing protection available at all times. The personal First Aid Kit contains a distress whistle. Ensure that the whistle is functioning properly and is accessible.Maintain secure footing at all times. Never run in the bush.As hazard levels increase, the proximity or distance to the other crew members should decrease.Schedule meeting times. Meet for breaks. Stick to the task assigned by the crew leader. Tell someone if your task is going to vary from the assigned one.Adequate drinking water should be taken on the line and be available at all times. Make sure to drink water periodically during the day. Keep camp clean of garbage and store food correctly to reduce the attraction of bears.Personal hygiene is important to maintain mental and physical health.A crew anticipating deployment must ensure that clothing in personal packs takes into account cool night time and variable seasonal conditions.If you have a pre-existing medical condition such as diabetes or allergy to insect bites, ensure you have adequate prescription medication on your person. Inform your crew leader and co-workers of your condition in case a related medical emergency arises.If you become lost, stay in one place and wait for assistance. The crew leader is required to establish and mark safety zones with flagging tape, and communicate their locations to the crew.

Guidance Documents/Standards/Applicable Legislation/Other:Manitoba Conservation “Safety Tips for Emergency Fire Fighters” brochureFASWG



G03 - Working on the Fireline during Mop-up Stage



�� slips and trips�� trees falling over or

branches breaking off�� getting lost�� dehydration �� fatigue��wildlife encounters�� heat disorders�� personal hygiene

�� communication device�� hard hat�� hearing protection�� eye protection�� CGSB Nomex clothing�� gloves�� CSA approved boots

with 8” ankle support.�� personal First Aid kit��warm clothing to suit

variable seasonal conditions

��minimum Type 3 Fire Fighter Training

PurposeTo identify the hazards involved in working on the fireline during the mop-up stage.

GeneralHazards shall continually be assessed on the fireline. The Crew Leaders must ensure communication with the main base in case of emergency. There are limitations to air-support which may include darkness and poor weather.

Hazard assessment questions on the fireline may include the following:

Is the terrain very steep and rocky where slips and trips are more likely to occur? Are the rocks slippery because of rain? Is there blow down that makes walking difficult? How intensely did the fire burn? Are the trees tall and many of the root systems burned making them more susceptible to falling over? Is there a strong wind that may increase the probability of falling trees and branches?


General

Is the fireline well defined and relatively straight, or is it patchy with many fingers and bays? Are there landmarks present that can assist you in identifying your location? Is the forest thick with trees making for poor visibility?What is the temperature and relative humidity? Is the likelihood of dehydration or heat disorders increased? Do you have a pre-existing medical condition that may require prescription medication?Have there been signs of wildlife in the area? Bear sightings or bear sign?There may be a remote potential for a flare up of the fire. Always stay alert.If the fire was ignited by a lightening strike there may be other fires ignited in the area. Stay alert to this possibility.

Once the hazards have been assessed the fire fighter should ensure that the following is in place:

Communication is essential when working alone or in isolation. Always know where you and your crew members are. Ensure communication with the other crews on the fireline and with air support/main base.Always wear the listed Personal Protective Equipment. Hearing protection may not have to be worn when the worker is not exposed to loud noises however the worker must have hearing protection available at all times. The personal First Aid Kit contains a distress whistle. Ensure that the whistle is functioning properly and that it is easily accessible.Maintain secure footing at all times. Never run in the bush.Maintain visual or audible contact with coworkers based on hazard levels. As hazard levels increase the proximity or distance to coworkers should decrease.Schedule meeting times. Meetings should take place at the beginning and end of each work day, and if there is a change in work or work conditions.Drinking water should be taken up the line and be available at all times. Make sure to drink water periodically during the day. Keep camp clean of garbage and store food correctly to reduce the attraction of bears.A deployed crew must ensure that clothing in personal packs takes into account cool night time temperatures and variable seasonal conditions.


Personal hygiene is important to maintain mental and physical health.If you have a pre-existing medical condition such as diabetes or allergy to insect bites, ensure you have adequate prescription medication on your person. Inform your crew leader and co-workers of your condition in case a related medical emergency arises.If you become lost, stay in one place and wait for assistance. The crew leader is required to establish and mark safety zones with flagging tape, and communicate their locations to the crew.

Guidance Documents/Standards/Applicable Legislation/Other:Manitoba Conservation “Safety Tips for Emergency Fire Fighters” brochureFASWG

Manitoba Workplace Safety and Health Regulation MR 217/2006Part 5 First AidPart 6 Personal Protective EquipmentPart 9 Working Alone or in IsolationPart 12 Hearing Conservation


General

G04 - Construction of Heli-Spot (a temporary landing area for helicopters)



��working alone or in isolation

�� chainsaw use-lacerations

�� body sprains and strains

�� insect stings and bites�� dehydration�� fatigue�� inadequate heli-spot

may result in rotor strike

�� slips and trips�� heat disorders

�� communication device �� hard hat�� eye protection�� hearing protection�� CSA approved boot

with 8” ankle support

Additional Requirements for chainsaw operator�� Class A Chainsaw

chaps�� chainsaw gloves�� face screen

�� chainsaw training��minimum Type 2

training or equivalent

PurposeTo identify the hazards involved in the construction of a heli-spot, and the importance of the heli-pad (landing surface) position and construction in relation to safety.

GeneralHeli-spot construction is a minimum two person task. Communication must be established, after drop-off at location, with air-support. Check-ins with crew, Heli-Tac Officer or base will be made every 45 minutes.

Site Selection: General

Choose areas with natural openings, smaller trees, and flat dry surfaces as available. Areas should have multi-directional clearance if possible, for take-off and landing. Heli-spots should not be located inside of the burn or in sandy areas. If there is no other option, the area must be watered to keep dust and ash down. If at all possible, do not locate on a slope. Approach and departure of the helicopter will be into the prevailing wind and should be free of overhead obstructions (Hydro Lines or rising terrain). Pads should be a minimum of 92 meters (300 feet) from the camp set up.


Clearing of Heli-Spot

1.) Put on all required safety equipment for chainsaw operation and operate saw according to all chainsaw and felling safe work procedures.

2.) Identify and remove all surrounding “trouble” trees such as chicots and “leaners”. “If in doubt, cut it out”.

3.) The minimum size of heli-spot is 36.5 meters x 36.5 meters (120 feet x 120 feet). The site must accommodate any light or medium helicopter.

4.) Cut down all scrub brush flush to ground level and remove brush to outside edge of heli-spot. Be aware of stinging insect habitat in rotten logs, ground nests, etc. Multiple wasp/insect stings may occur if a nest is dis-turbed.

5.) This is very physically demanding work. Always stay hydrated and take mini-stretch breaks. Use safe lifting techniques and do not over reach when using the saw.

Heli-Pad Construction

1.) Preference is for a flat, dry, level landing surface. 2.) Depending on terrain, logs may have to be placed to ensure a safe pad. Select minimum of two straight, green logs 6 meters (20 feet) in length with a diameter of 15 to 24 cm (6 to 10 inches).

3.) Completely de-limb all logs.

4.) Logs should be placed at right angles to the forward direction of helicop-ter skids so the pilot has the ability to place the rear skid “bear paws” onto the logs.


General

5.) Logs should be secured with stakes on either side (below the level of the log), or by tying them together with rope to prevent rolling and to provide a solid and secure landing pad.

6.) Wrap flagging tape on the logs for visibility.

7.) Place a “wind indicator” on the edge of the heli-spot where it can be viewed on the pilot’s right side. This can be done by placing four ½ meter (2 foot) long pieces of flagging tape on the end of a log pole and securing the pole into the ground. The indicator should be placed such that it does not interfere with the take off or departure, but will allow for the flagging tape to flutter in the wind.

Guidance Documents/Standards/Applicable Legislation/Other:Initial Attack Working GroupManitoba Heli-spot training materialFASWG

Manitoba Workplace Safety and Health Regulation MR 217/2006Part 8 Musculoskeletal InjuriesPart 6 Personal Protective EquipmentPart 9 Working Alone or in IsolationPart 12 Hearing Protection


G05 - Wildfire Suppression Activities Near Hydro Lines



�� energized hydro line �� communication device�� CGSB Nomex clothing�� hard hat�� hearing protection�� eye protection�� CSA approved boot

with 8” ankle support�� gloves�� personal First Aid kit

��minimum Type 3 training

PurposeTo identify the hazards involved in fire suppression activities near hydro lines.

GeneralManitoba Hydro should be notified when there are wildfires near hydro lines. Call 1-888-624-9376.Every hydro line should be treated as if it is energized.Dense smoke may cause arcing from line to line. This does not pose a threat to anyone on the ground.Water should never be sprayed from the ground onto the hydro line. Water can be sprayed near, or on to the base structure (poles/towers) with no danger, when there are no downed lines.Air tankers may drop alongside (parallel) the hydro line, but never across any line.If there is a downed line, electrocution of ground personnel is highly possible. If a line is downed, stay a MINIMUM of 9 meters (30 feet) away and do not approach until Manitoba Hydro has advised the line has been de-energized. Do not spray foam or water within a minimum space of 9 meters (30 feet) of any downed line until you have been informed by your supervisor that the line is de-energized.Do not remove any tree or object that has fallen onto a power line. Manitoba Hydro employees will remove objects when it is safe to do so.Hydro line location should be considered when constructing heli-spots.


General

Guidance Documents/Standards/Applicable Legislation/Other:Don Thompson-Manitoba Hydro Fire MarshallFASWG

Manitoba Workplace Safety and Health Regulation MR 217/2006Part 6 Personal Protective EquipmentPart 38 Electrical Safety


G06 - Wildfire Suppression in Blowdown



�� slips and trips�� bending�� body sprains and

strains�� fallen trees�� fuel loading

�� communication device�� eye protection�� hearing protection�� CSA approved boots

with 8” ankle support�� gloves�� CGSB Nomex clothing�� hard hat �� personal First Aid kit

��minimum of Type 1 training during initial attack

�� Type 2 may be used for sustained action

�� Incident Commander will have a minimum qualification of Division Supervisor

PurposeTo identify the hazards involved while suppressing wildfire in blowdown.

GeneralBlowdown Guidelines

Review LACES and WATCHOUT situations with your crew. Think before you act.Establish and try at least two escape routes.ensure each crew member knows where the escape routes and safety zones areGround visibility will often be severely reduced in blowdown fuels. Escape routes must be well flagged.ensure the escape route is clear of obstructions and consider its vulnerability to the fireA helicopter is to be on-site or staged nearby if the fire behavior warrants it, or if a safety concern is expressed by the Incident Commander.It is essential to establish and maintain reliable communications with either the helicopter remaining on site, or directly with the Regional Fire Centre or nearest Incident Command Post.Be aware of the potential for lateral spotting in blowdown fires.Crew leaders must take extra time scouting for jump fires which can easily go undetected in blowdown fuels.Construction of heli-spots at, or near the fire should be strongly considered.


General

Aerial observation will remain over fire until the Incident Commander determines that LACES are established and the observer can be released from the incident. This must be documented by the Incident Commander.Due to fuel loading, cutting and clearing firelines will be labour intensive. It is preferred to have multiple saw crews so they can rotate or leap frog.When constructing fireline in blowdown, crews will establish an anchor point and saw crews (if required) will cut fireline and escape routes as needed. When fire indices move into the moderate stage, direct attack on blowdown fires may become impractical. Indirect attack and burnout will be standard operating procedure as per operational guidelines.Air Tanker drops may become the primary initial attack mode when conditions reach a moderate to high fire danger range.Your role may change from suppression to assisting evacuation should the situation warrant it.Direct supervision at all times is mandatory and extra supervisory personnel should be added if a concern is expressed by the Incident Commander.When conditions warrant it, a double crew dispatch should be encouraged.Use a guideline of 800meters (2600 feett or 26 hose lengths) to 1000 meters (3200 feett or 32 hose lengths) for a maximum hose line length for each fire crew.Ensure that a minimum of two saws are sent to all blowdown fires.Keep in mind, that additional cutting crews are available per the Incident Commander’s request. However, it will take at least 4 to 6 hours for the crews to arrive. Crew leaders should consider this prior to making the request.All trails are to be cleared to the ground level. This will ensure a speedy escape and removes the hazard of slipping on wet trees.

��No tree hopping is allowed. No laying hose over or under downed trees!Campsite location should be placed further back from wildfire suppression activities; if possible, out of the blowdown area.

Guidance Documents/Standards/Applicable Legislation/Other:Fire ProgramOperational Guideline F03-08-01-Burnout and BackfiringFASWG

Manitoba Workplace Safety and Health Regulation MR 217/2006Part 6 Personal Protective EquipmentPart 9 Working in IsolationPart 12 Hearing Protection


G07 - Fire Crews Working in Isolation



�� a situation requiring evacuation from the area

�� an injury or illness requiring immediate medical attention

�� communication device�� First Aid kit�� P.P.E. required for job

function

PurposeTo outline a protocol for Fire Crews working in isolation on a fireline, training exercise or any work activity. Isolation is defined as a workplace that is normally accessible only by air,or from which under normal travel conditions the usual transportation cannot be used to move an ill or injured worker from the workplace to a medical facility in less than two hours.

GeneralProcedure

1.) Communication is essential when working in isolation. As a Crew leader, you should always know where you and your crew members are. Ensure communication with the other crews on the fireline and with air support/main base. If you experience any difficulties with a communication device it should be reported as soon as possible.

2.) In addition to a portable radio, carry a distress whistle with you. The personal First Aid Kit contains a distress whistle. Ensure that the whistle is functioning properly and that it is worn in such a way to be accessible at all times. Universal practice of three short blasts of the whistle means that you are in trouble and require assistance.

3.) Do not leave attractants (food and garbage) accessable to bears and other wildlife.

4.) The satellite phone and information below are the crew leader’s responsibility.Work and after hours telephone numbers of the District Supervisor or


General

Incident Commander, (this may include the radio repeater phone number).A current Fire Program Communications Directory which contains the after hours Provincial Duty Officers telephone number (1-204-945-5252)If you have difficulty accessing the numbers above the “Tip/Forest Fire Report Line” is also monitored and a message can be left at (1-800-782-0076).

5.) Document the following information and relay in case of an emergency:nature and severity of the emergencynumber/names of persons involved GPS coordinates of heli-spot for pickup

6.) Limitations of helicopter support as follows:helicopters will not be sent out after darkhelicopters will not be dispatched during inclement weathertime required for pickup due to distance from base

7.) Ensure the following:The crew leader must clearly identiy a minimum of 2 escape routes and safety zones to all crew members.Walkable escape route and safety zones must be well marked with flagging tape.The heli-spot will be used as a gathering area/safety zone in the event of an emergency. An alternate heli-spot must be available, including marked escape routes, in the event that the original heli-spot is not accessible. If an alternate heli-spot has to be used, GPS coordinates must be communicated to the Duty Officer/air support upon arrival.In the event of a quick evacuation, use the “buddy system”, when possible, to get to the heli-spot. Designate which crew members are to bring emergency supplies/equipment such as the satellite phone, First Aid kit, provisions, GPS, etc. to the heli-spot in the event of an emergency evacuation. Perform a head count at the heli-spot to ensure all crew members are present. Immediately inform the Duty Officer/Air support if a crew member is missing.Remain at helipad until transport arrives or crew safety becomes compromised.

Guidance Documents/Standards/Applicable Legislation/Other:FASWG

Manitoba Workplace Safety and Health Regulation MR 217/2006Part 6 Personal Protective EquipmentPart 9 Working Alone or in Isolation