Safe Handling of BitumenA PRACTICAL GUIDE

Safety is No AccidentObserve, think and act

© 2012 Nynas AB

Designed and produced by Hesketh Design Limited, UK

• Wewanttobethepreferredlongtermsupplierofhighperformancespecialtyoilproducts

andservices,meetingand,wherepossible,exceedingtheexpectationsofourcustomers.

• Weassessthehealth,safetyandenvironmentalimpactofourproductsanddoourutmostto

minimiseit.Weprovideguidanceforsafeuseofourproducts.

• Wecomplywithbothapplicableregulatoryandinternalrequirementsasdocumented

inourmanagementsystem.WeconstantlystrivetoimprovetheHSSE&Qperformance

byminimisingtheriskofmajorandminoraccidents,therisktopeople’shealthandthe

environmentaswellasoptimisingtheefficiencyofouractivitiesanduseofresources.

• WepromoteastrongandpositiveHSSE&Qculture,wherethelinemanagementare

responsible.Allemployeesareindividuallyawareandresponsiblefortheirworkingactivities.

• Weoperateafullyintegratedandcertifiedmanagementsystemwhichmeetsthe

requirementsofISO9001andforourtechnicalandoperationalsitesalsomeetsthe

requirementsofISO14001andOHSAS18001.Oursystemprovidesaframeworkfor

establishingandreviewingHSSE&Qobjectivesandtargetsandtocontinuouslyevaluateand

improvetheeffectivenessofthemanagementsystem.

TheaimofthePolicyistosupportNynasvisionanddeliveraperformanceweallcanbe

proudof,sothatconfidencecanbeearnedofcustomers,employees,shareholders,suppliers,

authorities,neighboursandsocietyatlarge.

StaffanLennström

PresidentNynasAB

Nynas Policy for Health Safety Security Environment &Quality (HSSE&Q)

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Nynasisadifferentkindofoilcompany.

Weuseoiltocreatevalueandmore

sustainableoptions.Withinourfieldof

specialisationweareaworldleader.

Withovereightyyears’experience,weare

oneofEurope'sleadingsuppliersofbitumen.

Wecontinuetodevelopbitumenandits

functionalperformanceinawidevarietyof

applications.Ourlongstandingfocuson

bitumenhasearnedusthereputationof

beingthe‘bitumenspecialist’-andthatis

somethingweareveryproudof.

Wearerecognisedasareliablesupplierof

specificqualitybitumentomeetour

customers’changingneedsandperformance

requirements.

Wehaverefineriesandanetworkof

terminalsacrossEurope.Operatingasa

coordinatedEuropeancompanyweare

gearedtomeeteachcustomer’slocalor

regionalneedsaswellaspanEuropean

requirements.

Bycontrollingeachstepofthesupplychain-

shippingcrudeoil,refiningandfinalproduct

dispatch-weareabletoprovideconsistent

productswithassuredperformance.

Ourcustomersoftenrequiredeliverieson

veryshortnoticeatanytimeofthedayor

night,atremotelocations.Ourcustomer

drivenlogisticssystemandnonstop,year

roundoperationsconsistentlymeetthese

demandingrequirements.Thisisverifiedby

ourcertifiedISO9001qualitymanagement

systems.InadditionallNynasrefineries

arecertifiedforISO14001andOHSAS

18001(environmentalandsafety&health

managementsystemsrespectively).

NynasprovidesCEmarkedbitumenfor

pavingapplicationsinaccordancewiththe

applicableENspecifications.CEmarkingis

anEUofficialconfirmationthatourproducts

fulfiltheproductspecificationsandthe

essentialrequirementsoftheConstruction

ProductsDirective.

About Nynas

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Thehaulier’sresponsibilities 3.3

Useofhose/flex 3.4

Loadingplan-tankcleaning -checks 3.5

Samplingbitumenproducts 3.6

4. Handling and storage

Storageofbitumen 4.1

Oxidation 4.2

Mixing 4.3

Tankconstructionandinspection 4.4

Ventingpipesandother attachments 4.5

Bitumenstoragetank requirements 4.6

Cleaningandemptyingoftanks 4.7

5. Appendices

1.PersonalProtectiveEquipment(PPE)

2. ADRregulations

3. Bitumenloadingchecklist

4. Bitumenunloadingchecklist

5. EurobitumeBitumenBurnsCard

6. Recommendedbitumenstorage andhandlingtemperatures

7. Nynassalesoffices,depotsand emulsionplants

8. Glossary

9. References

Contents

NynasPolicyforHealthSafetySecurity Environment&Quality(HSSE&Q)

AboutNynas

Preface

1. Product information

Bitumen-general 1.1

Bitumencomposition 1.2

Typesofbitumens 1.3

Bitumenmixtures 1.4

Productquality 1.5

Productinformation 1.6

2. Health,safetyandenvironment

REACH 2.1

ClassificationLabellingand

Packaging 2.2

Bitumenburns 2.3

Hotbitumenincontactwithwater2.4

Exposuretobitumenfumes 2.5

Hydrogensulphide 2.6

Skincontactwithcutbacks andemulsions 2.7

Firehazard 2.8

Emissionsandother environmentaleffects 2.9

Spill 2.10

3. Distribution, transport, loading and unloading

Transport 3.1

Preventingaccidentsduring handlingandtransportation 3.2

Thesupplier’sresponsibilities 3.3

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Bitumeninitssolidphaseisnothazardousbutduetohightemperaturesforstorage,handling

andtransportationthereareriskswhenworkingwiththematerial.Themainaimofthisbook

thereforeistoprovidethereaderwithaclear,usefulunderstandingofbitumenfromaproduct

healthandsafetyperspectivesothatbitumencanbehandledsafelywithinthesupplychain.

Thiscreatesagoodknowledgebaseandanappreciationoftheproductanditspotentialrisks.

Nynas’HSSE&Q’Observe,thinkandact’initiativeencouragespeopletobeobservantofany

risks,thinkwhatshouldbedonetomitigatethemandthenactuallydosomethingaboutthe

situation.

Theinformationinthis’SafeHandlingofBitumen’guideisprimarilyintendedforthosewho

workoperationallywithbitumen:roadtankerdrivers,operatingpersonnelinasphaltworks

andbitumendepots,surfacinggangsandotherproductionpersonnel.Othergroupsthatwe

hopewillusethispublicationincludesafetymanagers,humanresourcemanagersoftheabove

groups,trainingcoordinatorsandtechniciansofallkinds.

Theadvicegiveninthispublicationreflectsthecurrentknowledgeofthehazardsandrisks

associatedwiththehandlingofbitumenproducts.Iftheproductismixedwithothermaterials,

theusersshalltaketheseintoaccountwhenidentifyinganyadditionalhazardsandriskswhich

mightarise.

Atthetimeofprintingthissafetybooklet,thefullreportof’IARCmonographsonthe

evaluationofoccupationalexposurestobitumenandbitumenemissions,volume103’had

notbeenpublished.Forthelatestupdateonthebitumenindustryposition,whichNynasis

activelyfollowing,pleasechecktheEurobitumewebsiteonwww.eurobitume.eu/hse.Ifthere

arefutureindustryrequirementstomakechangesinsafetyrecommendationsthesewillbe

highlightedinourNynasSafetyDataSheets,latestversionsofwhichcanbefoundon

www.nynas.com.

Nynashasmadegreateffortstoensurethereliabilityofdatausedinthispublicationbutgives

noguaranteesandtakesnoresponsibility,directorindirect,fordamageorloss,norforany

infractionofapplicableinternational,governmentalorlocallaws,norforinfringementofrights

ownedbythirdparty,asaconsequenceoftheuseofthispublication.

Extractsfromthispublicationmaybereproducedwithoutanyreformattingexceptfor

commercialpurposes.

ThisbookletandNynasSafetyDataSheetsareavailableontheNynaswebsitewww.nynas.com

Preface

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Product information

Pro

du

ct in

form

atio

n

Bitumenisanonvolatile,adhesiveand

waterproofingmaterialderivedfromresidue

fromselectedasphaltenerichcrudeoil

whichiscompletelyornearlycompletely

solubleintoluene.Itisaviscousandelastic

thermoplasticmaterial,browntoblackin

colourandveryviscousornearlysolidat

ambienttemperatures.

Therearemanydifferentbitumensand

bitumenproductswithmanydifferentfields

ofapplicationinbothroadconstructionand

industrialmanufacturing.Bitumenisdefined

asaconstructionmaterialaccordingtothe

ConstructionProductsDirective(CPD).

Bitumensare,fromaregulatorystandpoint,

regardedassubstancesalthoughthey

containacomplexmixtureofhighmolecular

weighthydrocarbons.

Bitumenshouldnotbeconfusedwithcoal

tarwhichisproducedfromblackcoalby

destructivedistillationathightemperatures.

Coaltariscompletelydifferentinchemical

compositionandphysicalpropertiesandis

classifiedascarcinogenicwhilebitumensare

nonclassified.

Bitumenshouldnotbeconfusedwithnatural

asphaltswhichareunrefinedproducts.

1.1

Bitumen - general

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1.2

Bitumensareverycomplexmixturesof

highmolecularweighthydrocarbonswhich

alsocontainsmallamountsofsulphur,

oxygenandnitrogen.Carbonnumbers

arepredominantlygreaterthanC25,with

molecularweightsvaryingfrom350up

toabout1500daltons*.Theymayalso

containsmallamountsofvariousmetals

suchasnickel,ironandvanadium.The

hydrocarbonskeletonconsistsoffourbasic

elements:straightchainalkanes,branched

alkanes,saturatedrings(naphthenes)and

fusedaromaticringswhicharecombinedin

differentsizeandproportionstomakethe

largevarietyofmoleculesinbitumen.

Theseveralhundredthousanddifferent

moleculesinbitumenarecontinuouswith

respecttosizeandotherchemicalproperties

likeforexamplepolarity.Allcurrent

knowledgeaboutbitumenchemistryis

basedonaveragesfromchemical

characterisation.Ithasjustrecentlybeen

possibletoidentifysinglebitumenmolecules

anddeterminetheirbasicstructureinterms

ofsizeandnumberofringsbutstillnotthe

exactstructure.

Bitumen composition

* dalton(Da)isaunitusedtoindicatethemassonanatomicormolecularscale.

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Therearethreemaintypesofbitumens.

Paving bitumensareusuallyproduced

fromtheatmosphericdistillationof

petroleumcrudeoilfollowedbyfurther

processingsuchasvacuumdistillation,

thermalconversion,air-rectificationor

solventprecipitation.Acombinationof

theseprocessescanbeusedforproduction

ofdifferentbitumengrades.Roadpaving

asthenameindicatesistheprincipaluse.

Hard bitumensaremanufacturedinsimilar

processestopavingbitumensbutareharder

andmorebrittle(withlowerpenetrations

andhighersofteningpoints).Theprincipal

useisinthemanufactureofflooring,

bitumenpaints,preservationoffibreboard

etc.

Oxidised bitumens (air-blown)are

producedbypassingairthroughabitumen

feedstock.Thisgivesaproductwithhigher

softeningpointrelativetopenetration,

withreducedtemperaturesusceptibility.

Thepropertiesofthefinalbitumenproduct

dependonthedegreeofblowingandthe

processconditions.

Amilddegreeofair-blowing,knownas

air-rectification,iscommonlyusedto

adjustthephysicalpropertiesinorderto

manufacturesubstancesusedinpaving.

Thepenetrationindexforair-rectified

bitumensis≤2.

Anintensedegreeofblowing(oxidation)

iscommonlyusedtoadjustthephysical

propertiesinordertomanufacture

substancesusedinindustrialapplications.

Theoxidationprocessmayusefluxoilto

softenthefeed.Acatalyst(phosphoric

acid,ferricchlorideetc)mayalsobeusedto

increasethespeedofthereaction.Themain

usesforoxidisedbitumenincluderoofing

material,waterproofing,electricalinsulation

andmanyotherbuildingandconstruction

materials.

Thepenetrationindexforseverelyoxidised

bitumensis>2.

1.3

Types of bitumens

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1.4

Bitumenisalsousedasarawmaterial

tomanufacturemixtureswithimproved

handlingandapplicationcharacteristicsorto

enhancethephysicalpropertiesofbitumen.

Modified bitumensusuallycontain

polymersorwaxeswhichchangetheir

rheologicalpropertiesandareusedinroad

paving,roofingandwaterproofing.

Inthecaseofpolymermodifiedbitumens

thedesiredendperformanceoftheproduct

influencestheselectionofthepolymer

type.Typicalpolymersusedinthebitumen

industryareelastomericpolymersegSBS

(StyreneButadieneStyreneco-polymer).

Waxmodifiedbindersexhibitlower

viscositiesatelevatedtemperaturesthan

unmodifiedbitumen.Thisreducedviscosity

allowsenduserstoeither:

• reducemixingtemperaturestypicallyby

20°Cor

• maintainconventionalmixing

temperaturesandimprovetheworkability

andtimeavailableforeffective

compactionwhencomparedtostandard

pavinggradebitumen.

Inadditionwaxmodifiedbindersare

designedtoenhancetheperformance

characteristicsofasphaltatspecificphases

withinconstructionandinservicelives.

Bitumen emulsionsarefinedispersionsof

bitumensormodifiedbitumeninwaterwhere

thebitumencommonlyisthedispersedphase

andwateristhecontinuousphase.

Bitumenemulsionsarenormallyproduced

usingahighshearratemillwhichdisperses

thebitumeninthewater.Somebitumen

emulsionsmayalsocontainafluxingagent

and/orasolventandthebitumenphase

maybeamodifiedbitumen(egcontaining

polymer).

Thebitumencontentofanemulsion

typicallyvariesbetween40%-80%and

theapplicationtemperaturerangesfrom

ambienttoabout90°C.Ahighercontentof

bitumenusuallyleadstoahigherapplication

temperature.

Bitumenemulsionsareidentifiedbythe

typeofelectricalchargeoftheemulsifier.

Threetypesofemulsifiersareused:anionic

(alkaline),cationic(acidic)andnonionic.

Bitumen mixtures

Greatlyenlargedpictureofbitumenemulsion.Bitumenparticlesare“floating”inthewater.

Bitumenemulsionsurfacetreatment.

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1.4

InEuropethecationicemulsionsaremost

frequentlyusedforbitumenapplications.

Cutback bitumensaremixturesofbitumen

withvolatilepetroleumdiluents(kerosene,

whitespiritetc)torenderthemmorefluidfor

easeofhandlingandapplicationatambient

temperature.Dependingonthetypeof

diluenttheoriginalpropertiesofthebitumen

maybepartlyorcompletelyrecoveredasthe

solventevaporates.Cutbacksaremainlyused

inroadsurfacedressingsandtackcoating.

Fluxed bitumensaremixturesofbitumen

withrelativelynonvolatilefluxoilstomake

theproductsofterforeaseofapplication.

Thefluxoilsarecommonlyhighboiling

distillatesorprocessoilswhichtendto

remaininthebinderafterapplication.Fluxed

bitumensaremainlyusedforveryflexible

roadpavementsinareaswithacoldclimate.

Foralloftheabovetypesofbitumenan

adhesionagentissometimesaddedto

improvetheadhesiveperformanceofthe

asphaltmix.

Althoughtheremaybeotherbitumen

mixturesavailableonthemarketNynasonly

offersthebitumenandbitumenmixtures

describedinthischapter.

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1.5

Thequalityandperformanceofbitumencan

becompromisedifitiscontaminatedbylight

oilproductsduringtransportationorlaying.

Ifthereisanydoubttheproductshouldbe

retestedtocheckthequality.

Evensmallamountsofsolvent,petrol,

fueloilordieselcanconsiderablyalterthe

propertiesofbitumenfilmsandleadto

deteriorationoftheiradhesiveproperties

whichinturnmayleadtofailureofthe

asphalt.

Itisessentialthatbitumenishandledand

storedatthecorrecttemperature.

Ifthetemperatureistoolow,coatingof

aggregatewillbeuneven;whereasifthe

temperatureistoohigh,thepropertiesof

thebitumenwilldeteriorateanditmaydrain

fromtheaggregateleadingtorunoff.

Thetemperatureatwhichbitumencanbe

pumpedandmixeddependsonthegrade.

Thesetemperaturesarecalculatedonthe

basisofviscositymeasurementsandare

supportedbyoperationalexperience.

Moreinformationcanbefoundin

‘Recommendedbitumenstorageand

handlingtemperatures’,Appendix6.

Product quality

Deteriorationandsofteningofasphaltduetofuelspillage.

Adamagedroadthatsuggeststhedefectscouldbeduetoapoorlymixedasphalt.

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Nynasoffersawiderangeofbitumen

products.

SafetyDataSheets,ProductDataSheetsand

CEDataSheetscanbefoundontheNynas

websitewww.nynas.comorwillbesent

uponrequest.

Foradditionalinformationpleasecontact

oneoftheNynasregionalsalesoffices.

ContactinformationisgiveninAppendix7.

1.6

Product information

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Health, safety and environment

Hea

lth

, saf

ety

and

envi

ron

men

t

REACHistheEuropeanregulationon

chemicalsandtheirsafeuse.Itstandsfor

Registration,Evaluation,Authorisationand

RestrictionofChemicals.REACHrequires

manufacturersandimportersofchemicals

toregisterthesubstance(s)totheEuropean

ChemicalAgency(ECHA).Dependingon

annualtonnageandhazardsofthesubstance

therearedifferentdeadlinesforwhenthe

registrationhastobecompleted.

Asfrom30November2010allsubstances

manufacturedorimportedabove1000

tonnes/yearneedtobefullyregistered.

Onemajorpartoftheregistrationdossieris

theChemicalSafetyAssessment(CSA)which

mustinclude:

• hazardassessment;classificationand

labellingofhumanhealth,environmental

andphysiochemicalhazards;Derived

NoEffectLevels(DNELs)1;Predicted

NoEffectConcentrations(PNECs)2

• Persistent,BioaccumulativeandToxic(PBT)

andveryPersistentandvery

Bioaccumulative(vPvB)assessment.

Ifthesubstancemeetsthecriteriafor

classificationasdangerousormeetsthePBT/

vPvBcriteria,theCSAshallalsoinclude:

• anexposureassessmentforallidentified

andrelevantusesofthesubstance

includingthegenerationofexposure

scenario(s)

• ariskcharacterisationwhichidentifiesif

therisksarisingfrommanufacture/import

andusesofasubstanceareadequately

controlled.

Theriskcharacterisationconsistsofa

comparisonofDNELsandPNECswith

calculatedexposureconcentrations

respectivelytohumansandtothe

environment.Ifthecalculatedexposure

exceedstheDNEL/PNECthereisaneed

toimplementriskmanagementmeasures

(protectiveclothing,ventilationetc).

Europeanbitumenmanufacturershave

recentlycompletedareviewofthehealth

andenvironmentalimpactsofbitumen,

requiredaspartoftheREACHregistration

process.Basedonthepublisheddataat

thattimebitumenisconsideredunlikelyto

presentahazardthatrequiresclassification

forhumanhealth,safetyortheenvironment.

Animalstudiesonseverelyoxidisedbitumen

(penetrationindex>2)indicatethatrepeated

exposuretofumesmaypresentaweak

carcinogenichazard.Theclassification

criteriaarenotfulfilledbutadditionalrisk

managementmeasuresarecommunicatedin

theSafetyDataSheetsfortheseproducts.

Sincebitumenisnotclassifiedashazardous

underREACHthereisnolegalrequirement

tomakeanexposureassessmentorarisk

characterisation.

2.1

REACH

1 DerivedNoEffectLevel: thelevelofexposureabovewhichhumans shouldnotbeexposed.

2 PredictedNoEffectConcentration: theconcentrationofthesubstancebelowwhich adverseeffectsintheenvironmentalsphereof concernarenotexpectedtooccur.

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SafetyDataSheets

REACHalsosetsuptheobligationsfor

SafetyDataSheets(SDS).Suppliersare

requiredtoprovidetheircustomerswithSDS

forallclassifiedsubstances/mixtures.

TheSDSissupposedtobethemainchannel

forcommunicationdownthesupplychain

onREACHrelatedinformation.Asa

consequencetheinformationrequirements

intheSDShavebecomemoreextensive

comparedtothepreviousSafetyDataSheet

Directive.

Examplesofnewinformationtobeincluded:

• identifiedusesforthesubstanceuses

whichhavebeenidentifiedbysupplier

and/orcustomerandforwhichuseis

regardedassafe

• REACHregistrationnumber-company

specificnumberthatconfirmsthe

substancehasbeenregistered

• exposurescenariosforclassified

substancesshouldbeinanannex

totheSDScoveringidentifieduses

• DNEL/PNEC-bothDNELandPNECare

derivedfromtoxicologicaland

ecotoxicologicalstudies.

UnderREACH,bitumenisnotclassifiedas

hazardousandthereiscurrentlynolegal

requirementtoprovideSDSsforbitumen.

HoweverSDSsdocontainveryimportant

informationregardingsafehandlingof

bitumenandthereforeitisindustrypractice,

whichisfollowedbyNynas,toprovidethem.

2.1

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ClassificationLabellingandPackaging(CLP)

istheEuropeanversionoftheUNbased

systemforclassificationandlabellingGlobally

HarmonisedSystem(GHS).CLPintroduces

anewsystemincludingnewcriteriafor

classifications,newtypesofindicationsof

danger,pictograms,hazardstatementsand

precautionarystatements.

Asfrom1December2010allsubstances

havetobeclassifiedaccordingtothe

regulationonCLP,EC1272/2008.

Formixturesthereisatransitionperiodfor

classificationaccordingtoCLPuntil2015.

Bitumenisnotclassifiedashazardous

accordingtotheCLPregulation.

Bitumenmixturesthatcontainsolvents,

flux,emulsifiersandotheradditivesmaybe

classifiedasdangeroustohealthand/orto

theenvironment.Theclassificationofthese

mixturesisspecificsincetheydependonthe

classificationsandamountofthedifferent

ingredients.Thereforeitisimportanttocheck

theSDS.

2.2

Classification Labelling and Packaging

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Forfirstaidincaseofburns

Afteranaccidenthasoccurredtheaffected

areaofthebodyshouldbecooledassoon

aspossibletopreventtheheatfromcausing

furtherdamagetotheskin.Theburn

shouldbedrenchedincoldwaterforat

leasttenminutesforskinburnsandatleast

fiveminutesforeyeburns.Howeverbody

hypothermiamustbeavoided.

Neverattempttoremovebitumenfrom

burnedareas!

Thebitumenlayerwillbefirmlyattached

totheskinandremovalshouldnotbe

attemptedunlesscarriedoutatamedical

facilityunderthesupervisionofadoctor.

Thecoldbitumenwillformawaterproof

sterilelayerovertheburnwhichwillprevent

theburnfromdryingout.Ifthebitumen

isremovedfromthewoundthereisthe

possibilitythattheskinwillbedamaged

further,bringingwithitthepossibilityof

complications.

Furthermore,byexposingaseconddegree

burninordertotreatit,thereisthe

possibilitythatinfectionordryingoutwill

makethewounddeeper.

Eurobitumehaspublisheda

recommendationscardaboutburnsthat

iseasytoreadandsuitabletohangupat

theworksite.The‘BitumenBurnsCard’

isavailableinseverallanguagesandcan

beorderedfromEurobitumeorviaNynas.

AcopyofthisisillustratedinAppendix5

(showingtheversionavailableattimeof

print).

Bitumenisnormallymanufactured,stored,

transportedandhandledhot.Hencethe

mostsignificanthazardisthepotentialto

causesevereburns.

Thereareseveralcaseswherethereisarisk

ofpersonnelbeingcoveredwithhotbitumen

forexample:

• ifahosebursts

• boil-overofatruckorstoragetank

• ifavalvehasbeenblockedandtheplug

isreleased

• samplingwithoutcorrectPersonal

ProtectiveEquipment(PPE)orexperience

ofhowtoopenthevalve.

Tominimisetheriskofburnsitisessential

toalwayswearPPEandtofollowproper

workingprocedures.TherequiredPPEis

showninAppendix1.Itisrecommended

tohaveasafetyshowerinthevicinity

(20mradius)oftheloading/unloadingareas.

2.3

Bitumen burns

Contactwithhotbitumencausessevereburnsonexposedskin.

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Ifwatercomesintocontactwithhot

bitumenthereisariskofaviolentreaction.

Incontactwithhotbitumenthewater

evaporatesandexpandsinvolumewhich

leadstosplattering.Inastoragetankor

truckthepressurecanincreaseandresultin

aviolenteruptionofhotbitumen.Ifclosed,

thetruckortankcouldexplodeorrupture.

Asaconsequenceitisofutmostimportance

toensurethattanksandtrucksarefree

fromwater.See3.2,3.5and4.1formore

information.

Examplesofrisksofboil-over:

• previousloadofbitumenemulsionor

anyproductwithhighwatercontent

• coldtruck(watercondensation/mist)

• trappedwaterinstoragetank.

Themostcommonreasonforboilingover

ishotbitumenbeingloadedinatankthat

haspreviouslycontainedbitumenemulsion.

Thewaterintheemulsionvaporisesand

expands.Thepressurewillincreaseand

eventuallybecomesohighthatthesteam

willpushthebitumenthroughthemanhole.

Ifthetankisclosedtheincreaseofpressure

cancauseanexplosion.

2.4

Hot bitumen in contact with water

StillfromCCTVfootageofaneruptionofbitumenfromatanker.

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Heatedbitumenemitsfumeconsistingofa

gasphaseandanaerosolphase.Thegas

phaseisoftencalledthesemivolatilephase

whiletheaerosolphaseiscalled“blue

smoke”.Bitumenfumesarenotconsidered

harmfultothepublic.Exposuretohigh

concentrationswhenhandlinghotbitumen

cancauseirritationoftheeyesandnoseand/

orrespiratorytract.

Workingatthecorrecttemperatureand

usingthecorrectbitumenproductsforeach

specificapplicationcanreducethefumingof

bitumenduringnormalhandling.

Itisrecommendedtostriveforagood

workingenvironmentwhereallunnecessary

exposureisavoided.Incertainapplications,

forexampleindoormasticasphaltworks(in

tunnels,buildingsormultistoreycarparks),

theexposurelevelcanbehigh.

Inthesecasesadequateventilationmustbe

provided(egtunnelfans)anditisessentialto

usetherecommendedprotectiveequipment.

Duetothepresenceofsolvent,cutbacks

maycausedizzinessornauseawhen

usedinconfinedspaces.Againinthese

circumstancesadequateventilationisalways

recommended.

ThereisnoEUoccupationalexposurelimit

(OEL)setforbitumenfumesbutseveral

Europeancountrieshaveestablishedtheir

ownthresholdvalueand/orshortterm

exposurelimit.Pleasenotethatthesevalues

arecountryspecific.Formoredetailed

informationpleaserefertosection8ofthe

SafetyDataSheets.

TheDerivedNoEffectLevel(DNEL)which

hasbeenderivedintheREACHprocessis

2.9mg/m3(TotalHydrocarbonConcentration,

TWA*8h)forbitumenbasedonirritative

effects.

Formoreinformationonworkplaceexposure

measurementprotocolsee

www.eurobitume.eu

Exposuremeasurementsatpavingworks

haveshownthatthelightoilmolecules

whicharepresentininhaledairlargelycome

fromsolventssuchasdieseloilwhichwas

historicallyusedasareleaseandcleaning

agentwhenapplyingthebitumen.

Bitumencontainsasmallamountof

PolycyclicAromaticHydrocarbons(PAHs)of

whichsomeareclassifiedascarcinogenic.

Asaconsequencetherehavebeenmany

studiestoevaluateifthereisanincreased

riskofcanceramongasphaltworkers.The

InternationalAgencyonResearchonCancer

(IARC)hasdoneanepidemiologicalstudy

onasphaltworkersinseveralEuropean

countries.Thisstudyshowedasmallincrease

oflungcanceramongasphaltworkersin

somecountriesbutitwasnotpossibleto

seeifthecancerwasrelatedtobitumenor

otherfactors(egtobaccosmoking).Asa

followupIARCconductedastudywherethe

reasonsbehindthecancerswereevaluated.

Theoutcomeofthisstudyshowedthatthere

wasnodirectlinkbetweenbitumenand

lungcancer.Theincreasewasprobablymore

linkedtotobaccosmoking.

Atthetimeofprintingthissafetybooklet

thefullreportof‘IARCmonographsonthe

evaluationofoccupationalexposuresto

bitumenandbitumenemissions,volume

103’,hadnotbeenpublished.

2.5

Exposure to bitumen fumes

*TimeWeightedAverage

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2.5

BITUMENFUMINGASAFUNCTIONOFHANDLINGTEMPERATURE

Bitu

men

fum

e

Temperature

150 170 190 210 230 250

Softgradebitumen

Hardgradebitumen

Forfurtherdetailsonthemonograph

conclusionsandlatestbitumenindustry

updatespleasecheckEurobitume’swebsite:

www.eurobitume.eu/hseorNynaswebsite

www.nynas.com

Althoughthereisnocurrentlyavailablestudy

showingthatevenlongtermexposureto

bitumenfumesisharmful,itisnevertheless

recommendedtoavoidallunnecessary

exposure.

Thefollowingshouldbenoted:

• controltemperaturetoreducefuming

• donotusedieselfuelasareleaseand

cleaningagent.

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TheprincipalsymptomsofexposuretoH2S

areirritationoftheeyes,nausea,vomiting,

dizzinessandheadaches.Prolongedexposure

toconcentrationsabove50ppmproduces

irritationofeyes,nose,throatandlungs.Any

exposuretoconcentrationsabove500ppm

canbefatal.Levelsabove700ppmcause

unconsciousnessandapersoncancollapse

withinseconds.

Inopenworkingareashydrogensulphide

isunlikelytoposearisktohealth.However

hydrogensulphidecanaccumulateinclosed

spacesandintheheadspaceofstorage

tankscontainingbitumenandcanreach

potentiallyhazardousconcentrations(lethal

concentrationsmayoccur).

Thereisalsoariskofpotentialhazardous

concentrationsinheadspaceoftrucksandin

storagetanksfurtherdownthesupplychain

(asphaltplantsetc).

ThereleaseofH2Sfrombothcrudeoil

andcertaintypesofoilproductssuchas

heatedbitumenisandhasbeenacommon

occurrenceinthepetroleumindustry.

Hydrogensulphide(CAS#7783-064,

EINECS#231-977-3)isatoxicand

flammablegaswhichisheavierthanair

andmayaccumulateinlowareasand

confinedspaces.Itischaracterisedbya

strongodourof“rotteneggs”atlow

concentrations.Butthisodourcannotbe

reliedupontowarnofthepresenceof

dangerousconcentrationsbecausethegas

rapidlydeadensthesenseofsmelleven

atconcentrationsbelowhazardouslevels.

Whenhandledhot,bitumenodourwillalso

camouflagetherotteneggodourofH2S.

2.6

Hydrogen sulphide (H2S)

Atmanyloadingsitesthedriverhastostandhereduringloading

1.5m≤1ppm

1.0m≤3ppm

0.5m≤5ppm

Insidetankermanlid<50ppm

Trucktankheadspace<500ppm

Note:figuresobtainedfromNynasH2S

monitoringmeasurements2010/11

v12

012

Areasaroundmanlidsandventilationpipes

areriskareasforexposureespeciallyduring

fillingoperations.

Accesstoventsshouldberestrictedwith

warningsignsforH2Sandaccessprohibited

whilethetanksarebeingfilled.

Whenaccessisnecessary,asformanualtank

measurements,afullgasmaskshouldbe

worn.

Atloadingsitesthereshouldbesignsthat

warntheloaderofpossibleH2S.Personal

DoseMonitors(PDM)arerecommendedfor

thoseperformingtheloading.

Beforeenteringconfinedvapourspacesin

bitumentanksalwayscheckforhydrogen

sulphide.

TherearenationalOccupationalExposure

Limits(OEL)forhydrogensulphide.The

valuescanbefoundintheSafetyDataSheets

forbitumen.

Firstaidincaseofhydrogensulphideintoxicationorexcessivefumeexposure

Undersafeconditions,removetheperson

fromthecontaminatedatmosphereintofresh

air.Rescuersmustwearbreathingapparatus,

beltandsafetyropeandfollowrescue

procedures.Iftrainedtodosoimmediately

beginartificialrespirationifbreathinghas

ceased.Provisionofoxygenmayhelp.Obtain

medicaladviceforfurthertreatment.Ifthe

gashasaffectedtheeyes,washwithwater

foratleastfiveminutesandseekmedical

attention.

2.6

1.5mabovemanlid≤1ppm

1.0mabovemanlid≤1ppm

0.5mabovemanlid≤5ppm

Fumerelease(signage)

BitumenfumeBitumendischarge

connection

Tankbottommanholes(signage)

Tankheadspace<500ppm

Tankbreather/vent(signage)

Topmanlid<50ppm(signage) Overflow/ventpipework

Note:figuresobtainedfromNynasH2S

monitoringmeasurements2010/11

v12

012

Cutbackscontainasolvent(egnaphtha,

kerosene,whitespiritorfluxoil)which

dependingonthetypeofsolventmaycause

skinirritationatrepeatedexposure.

Wherecontactwiththeskinisrepeatedover

alongtimethereisarisk-althoughasmall

one-ofpermanentskindamage.

Bitumencontainsverylowconcentrationsof

PolycyclicAromaticHydrocarbons(PAHs)of

whichsomeareknowntobecarcinogenic.

TheconcentrationofPAHsislowerin

bitumenthaninthecrudeoilitselfsince

theproductionprocessincludesavacuum

distillationstepwherepracticallyallthePAHs

areliftedout.

InundilutedbitumenthePAHsarenot

consideredtobebioavailable.Howeverifthe

bitumenismixedwithdiluentsitisbelieved

thatsuchmaterialsmaybecomebioavailable

iftheproducthaslowviscosityatambient

temperatures.

Bitumenemulsionscontainlow

concentrationsofemulsifierswhichcancause

irritationtotheskinandeyes.Someofthe

emulsionscanalsocontainsmallamountsof

solvents.

Itisthereforeessentialtowashcarefully

thepartsofthebodythathavecomeinto

contactwithabituminousmixturewith

soapandwateroravegetableoil.Itis

recommendedtouseanappropriateskin

creamafterwards.

AlwayschecktheappropriateSafetyData

Sheetformoreinformation.

2.7

Skin contact with cutbacks and emulsions

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Dangeroffireandexplosion

Inordertopreventfireinstoragetanksthe

productshouldbestoredsufficientlybelow

itsignitiontemperature.Thisprovidesa

safemarginfordeviationsofanymeasuring

devices.Bitumenshouldbestoredatleast

30°Cunderitsflashpoint.Theautoignition

temperatureforpurebitumenisover300°C.

Thereisariskofselfignitionifbitumen

hasleakedintotankinsulation.Heating

thatleadstoselfignitiononthesurfaceof

porousorfibrousmaterialthathasbeen

impregnatedwithbitumenorbycondensed

bitumenfumecanoccurattemperatures

below100°C.

Carbondepositsthatcanbepyrophoric

maydeveloponwallsandroofsofbitumen

storagetanks.Inthepresenceofoxygen,

thesemightdevelopariskofselfignition.

Actionstopreventfireandexplosions

Cleanandrepairanydamagedinsulation.

Replacetheinsulationwhereithasbeen

contaminated.Iftherehasbeenastorage

tankoverfillitisverylikelythatthiswill

leadtoafireintheinsulationunlesscorrect

actionsaretaken.Ifcontaminated,insulation

cannotbeimmediatelyreplacedtheriskof

firecouldbedecreasedbyinjectingsteam

throughtheuseofsteamlances.

Bitumenroadtankersandstoragetanks

thathavecontainedcutbacksmaycontain

concentrationsofflammablevapoursinthe

headspace.Thereforenoopenflamesuch

asthatofabottledgasburner,blowtorch

orsimilarshouldbeintheimmediatevicinity

duringorsoonafterunloading.However

roadtankersandrailwaywagonscanbe

equippedwithheatingtubesforheating

bitumenwithbottledgas.Itisessentialthat

heatingtubesinatankarewellcoveredby

bitumen(between10cmand20cm)during

theheatingprocess.Thisespeciallyapplies

tocutbacksthatcontainsolventwithalow

flashpoint.Theheatingtubesshouldhave

adoubleskintoavoidlocaloverheating.

Flamesmustneverdirectlyheatthetank

surface.Ifthishappenstherewillbearisk

ofignition.Ensurethatprotectivetubing

isingoodcondition.Acommoncauseof

bitumenignitionislocalisedoverheating

duringtheheatingprocess,forinstance

duringunloading.

2.8

Fire hazard

Tankinsulationthathasbeenimpregnatedwithbitumenshouldbereplaced.

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Firesintankinsulationcanbeputoutusing

steamfromasprayunitoradrypowder

extinguisher.Itisessentialtoalwaysreplace

contaminatedinsulation.Ifitisnotreplaced

thefirecouldigniteagainwhenoxygenis

reintroducedunlessthetemperatureiswell

below100oC.Ensurethatworkplacesand

roadtankersareequippedwithextinguishers

ofthecorrectsizeandtype.

Ifabitumenfirearises,alwayscallthelocal

emergencyfireservicesandtellthemwhatis

onfire.

Extinguishingbitumenfires

NEVERUSEAWATERJET!

Bitumenfiresmustbeextinguishedby

smotheringsothatthecontinuedsupplyof

oxygencanbeprevented.

Smallfirescanbeputoutwithablanket

offoam,drypowderorcarbondioxide

extinguishers.

Largefiresareextinguishedpreferablyby

usingfoamordrypowderextinguishersbut

thereisadangeroffiresflaringupagain.

Foamandpowderdonotprovidealasting

oxygenfreeatmosphereinbitumenfires.

2.8

Bitumenfirescanbeveryviolent. Fireinatankisfoughtwithdrypowderextinguishers.

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Bitumenassuchisnotclassifiedasdangerous

totheenvironment.

REACHrequiresassessmentofthePersistent

BioaccumulativeToxic(PBT)andVery

PersistentVeryBioaccumulative(vPvB)

propertiesofasubstance.Bitumensare

neitherclassifiedasPBTorvPvB.

BitumenisahydrocarbonUVCB(substances

ofUnknownorVariablecomposition,

ComplexreactionproductsorBiological

materials)thatdoesnotposeachronic

hazardtowater,soilorsediment.Derivation

ofPNEC(PredictedNoEffectConcentation)

forbitumenisnotscientificallyjustifieddue

tolimitationsonwatersolubility.

Somecomponentsusedinbitumenmixtures

areclassifiedasenvironmentallyhazardous.

Forexamplebitumencutbacksnormally

containsolventsthatareclassifiedas

dangeroustotheenvironment.Depending

onthetypeofingredientsused,someof

thebitumenemulsionsarealsoclassified

asharmfulortoxictoaquaticorganisms.

Theseverenessoftheclassificationdepends

ontheclassificationsandamountsofthe

ingredients.AlwayschecktheSafetyData

Sheet.

2.9

Emissions and other environmental effects

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Ifspilledinwatertheproductwillformafilm

onthesurfaceandspread.Theproductwill

adheretosoilandthesolventwillevaporate

fromtheproduct.Thebitumenitselfis

immobileandwillremainonthesoilsurface

whereitcanberemovedmechanically.

Bitumenemulsions

Incontactwithsoiltheemulsionwillbreak

andthebitumenparticulatesareadsorbed

intheupperlayerandarethereforeeasyto

cleanup.

Incontactwithwater,theemulsionwill

spreadoutonthesurfaceofwaterandblend

withthewater.Theemulsionwillfinally

collapseondilution.Theemulsifierwillpartly

dissolveinwaterandthebitumenphasewill

disperse.

Bitumen

Spillageofbitumentogroundisrelatively

harmless.Leaksandspillageswillinitially

consistofmoltenhotmaterialandtheremay

beariskofsevereburns.Thebitumenwill

cooldownandbecomesolid.Theaffected

areacanbecleanedupusingordinary

equipmentsuchasspades,rakes,wheel

mountedloadersandsimilar.

Inwater,bitumenwillnormallysinkintothe

sedimentatthebottomalthoughinsome

circumstancesitmayfloat.

Themaineffectofaspillofbitumenin

wateroronsoilisadsorptiontosediment

causingphysicalcontamination.Thewater

solubilityofbitumenissolowthatitcouldbe

consideredtobenegligible.Bitumensarenot

thoughttopresentanysignificanthazardto

theaquaticenvironment.

Bitumenconstituentsarepotentially

bioaccumulativebutthelowwater

solubilityandhighmolecularweightmake

thebioavailabilitytoaquaticorganisms

limited.Bioaccumulationisunlikely.Theuse

ofbitumeninroadandroofingconstruction

showsthatbitumenisapersistentmaterial

(ieitisnotandshouldnotbebiodegradable).

Cutbacks

Cutbackspillagetogroundcanbemore

complicatedsinceithasalowerviscosityand

canconsequentlypenetratethesoiland/or

affectnearbywatercoursesbeforehardening.

Intimethesolventwillevaporatefromthe

product.

2.10

Spill

Surfacedressingbitumencutbacksarebeingreplacedbybitumenemulsions.

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012

Atmosphericemissions

Bitumenatambienttemperaturedoes

notcauseanyatmosphericemissions.

Howeverstorageandapplicationatelevated

temperaturescausediffuseemissionsof

mainlyhydrocarbons.Theseemissions

increasewiththehandlingandstorage

temperature.

Whenbitumenisheated,hydrogensulphide

isgivenoffaswellashydrocarbons.For

moreinformationregardinghydrogen

sulphidepleasesee2.6.

Actionsandadviceincaseofaspill

Eventhoughmostbitumenproductsare

nothazardoustotheenvironmenttheycan

causephysicalcontamination.

Amajorbitumenspillcanforexampleblock

sewersanddrainswhenhardening.Forthis

reasonanyspillshouldbecontrolledassoon

aspossiblewithoutendangeringpeople’s

healthintheprocess.

Preventproductfromenteringsewers,rivers

orotherbodiesofwatersincethesolidified

productmayclogdrainsandsewers.

Guidanceonspillage:

• smallspill-allowthebitumentocool

andsolidify.Removemechanicallyinto

containersfordisposalorreclamationin

accordancewithlocalregulations

• largespill-preventfromspreadingby

makingatrenchorbarrierwithsand,

earthorothermaterial.Otherwisetreat

asasmallspillage.

Contactthelocalauthoritiesand/or

emergencyservices.Alwaysactaccordingto

thelocallegislation.

Wastedisposal

Forthedisposalofbitumenproducts,referto

section13oftheNynasSafetyDataSheets.

Bitumenitselfisnotregardedasahazardous

waste.

2.10

Bitumenresiduefromcleaningafilter.

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Distribution, transport,loading and unloading

Dis

trib

uti

on

, tra

nsp

ort

load

ing

an

d u

nlo

adin

g

3.1

Themajorityofbitumenproductsare

transportedinbulkbyroadtankersor

vessels.Insomecountriesrailtransportisalso

used.Smallervolumescanalsobesupplied

indrumsorminicontainersforexample

intermediatebulkcontainers.Thisiscommon

practiceforemulsionsandbituminous

solutionsbutlesscommonforroadbitumen.

Oxidisedbitumenandpolymermodified

bitumencanalsobedistributedinpelletsor

inblocks,stackedonpallets.

Transportinghotbitumenissubjecttothe

internationalUNregulationregardingthe

transportationofhazardousgoodswhich

appliesto:

• roadtransport(ADR)

• railtransport(RID)

• inlandwaterwaystransport(ADN)

• seatransport(IMDG).

Roadtransportationofdangerousgoods

inEuropeisregulatedbytheinternational

agreement‘AccordEuropéenrelatifau

transportinternationaldesmarchandises

DangereusesparRoute’(ADR).Thisregulation

impliesspecificrequirementsregardingfor

example:

• thevehicle

• labellingofthevehicle(withrespectto

thegoodsbeingtransported)

• checkingdocumentationandemergency

informationrelativetotheproduct

• thedriver(andco-driver).

FordetailsofADRrefertoAppendix2.

Forthetransportofbitumenproductsreferto

section14oftheNynasSafetyDataSheets.

Transport

ModernNynastankerusedforbitumentransport.

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012

3.2

Preventing accidents during handling and transportation

Allequipmentanditsmaintenance

shouldalwaysfollowlocal,nationaland

internationalregulationsandcodesof

goodpractice.

DuringloadingofBitumen

Itisimportantthatthetankerdoesnot

containresiduesfrompreviousloads,for

exampleemulsionoraproductwithalow

boilingpoint.Bitumenloadedontowateror

emulsioncanleadtoaviolenteruptionor

boil-over.Itmustthereforebeavoidedatall

times.

Tanksthathavecarriedemulsionshaveto

besteamcleanedanddriedbeforetheycan

beusedforbitumenproducts.Procedure

loadingmustbeconsidered.

Ifadeadman’shandleistobeusedduring

loading,itisstrictlyforbiddentooverridethe

operationofthesafetyhandle.

Thereisariskofsplashingespecially

whenloadingcommences.Alwaysusethe

correctPersonalProtectiveEquipment

(seeAppendix1).

Intheeventofanaccidentthedepot

orrefinerypersonnelshouldalwaysbe

contactedandthelocalsiteinstructions

followed.

Safebitumendeliveryinbrief

• UseallroundSafetyAwareness-

Observe,thinkandact.

• Beawareofthevehicle’semergency

locations(fireextinguishers,emergency

stopbuttons,mainclosurevalve).

• Ensureallpersonnelarekeptatleast

6mawayfromthedeliveryoperation

(exclusionzone).

• Drivermuststayinattendanceatthemain

closurevalveatalltimesduringdelivery.

• Checkandsecureanyvalves,caps,covers

andpadlocks.

• Leavethedeliverypointinaclean

condition.

• Signandcompletedelivery

documentation.

• Reportalldefectsoranyproblemsfirstly

tothecustomer,secondlytoyourNynas

contact.

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012

Thesupplier/consignorisresponsiblefor:

• classificationoftheproductsunder

ADR,RID,ADNandIMDG

•usingapprovedpackagingforpackaged

productsensuringcorrectmarkingand

labelling

• declaringproductsinaccordancewithlocal

regulations

• issuingthecorrecttransportation

documentstoaccompanythedelivery.

3.3

Informationregardingtheclassificationof

eachproductisgivenintheSafetyData

Sheetsprovidedbythesupplier.

Nynascanprovideonrequest‘Additional

InformationforADR5.4.3Instructionsin

Writing’.Pleaseseeanexamplein

Appendix2.

The supplier’s responsibilities

The haulier’s responsibilities

Inordertoguaranteethecorrectdelivery

itmustbeensuredthattherightproduct

andquantityattherighttemperatureis

loadedonthepremisesofthebitumen

supplier.Thisshouldbeverifiedthroughout

theentireprocess.

Thetemperatureoftheloadcanfall

quicklyifthevehicle’stanksarecold.

Recommendedhandlingtemperaturesare

giveninAppendix6.

Thehaulierguaranteesthatvehicletanks

areapprovedfortransportaccordingtothe

Nynasinstructions.Thedrivermustinform

thesupplieraboutthepreviousload.The

supplierisentitledtoverifythisinformation

atanytime.

Itisthehaulier’sresponsibilityto:

• makesurethatvehiclesarefullyequipped

accordingtotheADRlegislationandthat

theyareproperlymarkedandlabelled

•providetheirdriver/swith‘ADRInstructions

inWriting5.4.3’.

DriverswhotransportADRclassified

goodsrequireaspecialtrainingcertificate.

Thehaulierisresponsibleforthetraining

andcertificationofitsdrivers.

Accreditedbitumensuppliersnormallyhave

equipmentandcheckingproceduressothat

thedrivercaneasilymonitortheloading

process.Ifanythinggoeswrongthedriver

shouldalwaysimmediatelystoploadingand

contactthebitumensupplier’spersonnel.

Thehaulier/drivershouldusethesupplier’s

accident/incidentreportingsystemaswell

astheoneusedinhisownorganisation

inordertotakepreventiveandcorrective

actionsassoonaspossible.

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3.4

Thedeliveryhose/flexisavitalpieceof

equipmentforthesafedeliveryofelevated

temperatureproducts.Itisthereforevery

importanttousethecorrecthose/flexfor

theintendeduse.

Itisrecommendedthatthehoseshould

haveaminimumlengthoffourmetres.

Importantlyforelevatedtemperature

productsthehose/flexmusthave

temperatureratingandapressurerating.

Testingofthehose/flexshouldbecarried

outaccordingtolocallegislationandcodes

ofgoodpractice.Itisrecommendedtotest

thematleastannually.Thiswillinclude

equipmentcertification.Recordsofthe

testingshouldbekeptbytheowner.

Hosesthathavenotbeentestedshould

notbeused.

Driversshouldcarryoutchecksontheirhose/

flex,connectionpackingsandgasketsbefore

useonadailybasis.Ifanyfaultsarefound

defectiveequipmentshouldnotbeusedand

correctiveactionsshouldbetaken.

Use of hose/flex

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012

3.5

Tominimisetheriskofaccidentsandtoensure

ahighqualitystandardofdeliveredproducts

itisveryimportantthatavehicle’stankdoes

notcontainresiduefrompreviousloads.

Specialattentionshouldbepaidtoemulsions

(containingwater)andproductswithalow

flashpoint.Incaseofdoubtthebitumen

supplier/depotmanagershouldalwaysbe

consulted.

Duetothedangersofmixingbitumen

emulsionandbitumenitisrecommendedthat

inspectionoftheloadingvehicleisinstigated

andsitespecificprocedureloadingisfollowed.

Alwaysconsultwiththebitumenloading

facility.

Moreinformationregardingsafeloadingis

describedunder‘Preventingaccidentsduring

handlingandtransportation’,3.2.Loadingand

unloadingchecklistsareaddedasAppendices

3and4.

Loading plan - tank cleaning - checks

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Hotbitumensamplingisparticularly

hazardousduetotheriskofsplashesand

spillsthatcancauseburns.Itistherefore

essentialtoweartheappropriatePersonal

ProtectiveEquipment(PPE)asindicatedin

Appendix1.

Thesamplingareashouldhavesafeingress

andegresswithadequatelighting.

Localsitespecificinstructionsmustalways

befollowed.Ifindoubt,askthesite

representative.

Inlinesamplingvalves

Inthiscasesamplingvalvesareplacedinthe

pipeandareusedtotakeasampledirectly

fromthebitumenflow.

Dipsampling

Dipsamplingisusedforsmallsamplesusing

aweightedreceptacleattachedtoaropeor

rod.Sampletakingfromroadvehiclesshould

beavoided.Thereisariskofexposureto

potentiallyhazardousconcentrationsofH2S

duringdipsampling(pleaseseesection2.6).

Dipsamplingofcutbacksshouldbeavoided

duetotheflammableatmosphereinthe

tanker’svapourspace.

3.6

Sampling bitumen products

Bitumensamplingpoint.

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Labellingofsamples

Alwaysfillinthelabelonthesample

containerwiththefollowinginformation:

• dateofsampling

• deliverydepot/placeofsampling

• deliverynotenumber

• receivingtank

• sampler’ssignature.

Handling and storage

Han

dlin

g a

nd

sto

rag

e

Careshouldbeexercisedtoensurethatthe

temperatureatthebottomofanemptytank

doesnotbecomesolowsoastoallowwater

tocondensate.

Anemptycoldtankshouldinitiallybefilled

upgradually.Thiswillgiveanyremaining

moisturetimetoevaporate.Fortanks

containingcoldbitumen,heatingshouldbe

carriedoutatalowleveluntilthebitumen

temperaturehasreached120°C.Thisenables

moisturetoevaporatebeforehotbitumen

isaddedtothetank.Itisimportantthat

bitumencoverstheheatingtubeswhen

heated.

Itisrecommendedtofilltanksinthree

stagesallowingthetemperatureinthetank

toequilibrateeachtimeonethirdhasbeen

loaded.

Packagedbitumenforexampleindrums

isnotaslikelytobeaffectedbyoilor

contaminantsasisbitumeninbulk.

Neverthelesspackagedbitumenshouldbe

storedcarefully.Thewarmthofthesuncan

causethelightcomponentsintheproduct

tovaporiseandformbubbleswhenthe

packagingisdamaged.Thesebubblescan

containflammablevapours.

4.1

Allbitumenproductsshouldtoacertain

extentberegardedasperishablegoodsas

theircharacteristicschangewhenstored

forlongperiodsatvaryingtemperatures.

Thisappliesespeciallyforpackagedliquid

bitumenproductswhichthereforecanonly

bestoredforalimitedperiod.

Correctstoragetemperatureofbitumen

productswillguaranteeproductqualityinthe

finalapplication.Fromaqualityperspective

itisthereforeessentialthattheproductis

handledcorrectly.Bitumenisaconstruction

materialandshouldbehandledaccordingly.

Bitumenshouldbestoredinwellinsulated

tanks.Thiswillreducetheneedforextra

heatingwhichinturnwillreduceheating

costs.Thetemperatureoftheheatingsource

canalsobekeptlowersothatthebitumen

willnotbeunnecessarilyexposedtoexcessive

contacttemperatures.Pleasenotethat

bitumenatthebottomofastoragetankcan

haveaconsiderablyhighertemperaturethan

inotherpartsofthetankunlessitisproperly

agitated.

Ifthebitumenisoverheatedlocally,deposits

maybeproduced.Thesedepositsappearon

heatingcoilsandotherinnerpartsofstorage

tanks.Afterawhilesuchdepositsmayfall

offandinterferewithpumpingormixing

actions.

Fortheselectionofaproduct’sstorage

temperaturepleaserefertothebitumen

handlingtemperaturerecommendations

giveninAppendix6.Inthecaseofspecialty

productspleaserefertomanufacturers’

recommendations.

Storage of bitumen

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Oxidation

Thecharacteristicsofbitumenproductscan

changewhenstoredforprolongedperiods

athightemperatures.Bitumenwillgradually

harden.Thepenetration,ameasureofthe

bitumen’shardness,maydecrease.The

hardeningprocesswillincreasewhenhigher

storagetemperaturesareusedandwillbe

worseinpartlyfulltankswheremoreairis

present.

Thereisapossibilitythatflammable

atmospherescanbegenerated.Pyrophoric

depositscanalsobeformed.Forthisreason

controlledoxygendepletionisrecommended.

Continuouspurgingofthetankvapourspace

isnotrecommendedbecauseitcanpromote

theformationofpyrophoricdeposits.Oxygen

concentrationsbetween4%and6%are

normallysufficienttopreventthebuildupof

deposits.

Ifthetankhasbeenoperatedunder

controlledoxygendepletionthenany

potentiallyflammablevapoursshouldbe

displacedforexamplewithnitrogenbefore

airisallowedtoenterthetank(iecooling

beforemaintenance).

4.2

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Electricdrivenagitatorsidemountedonabitumenstoragetank.

Mixing

4.3

Insomecasesitisnecessarytoblend

differentgradesofbitumen.Suchblends

seldombecomehomogeneousiftheyare

notstirredmechanicallyorblendedthrough

aninlineblender.Mixingbymeansofairis

notadvisableforbitumenproductssincethis

willresultinanoxidationprocess.Themixers

shouldbeactivatedoccasionallyinorderto

maintainthepropertemperatureandquality

ofatank’scontents.

v12

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Tank construction and inspection

4.4

Construction,equipmentandinspection

ofstoragetanksforoilproductsingeneral

shouldfollowtheAPIstandards650and653

regarding‘Weldedsteeltanksforoilstorage’

and‘Tankinspection,repair,alterationand

reconstruction’and/oranyadditionallocal

standardssuchasthelatest‘BitumenSafety

Code(modelcodeofsafetypractice)’

providedbytheEnergyInstitute.

Forbitumenproducttankageinspectionby

anindependentinspectioncompanyisnot

necessary.Inspectioncanbehandledlocally

inaselfadministeredprogramme.

Itisrecommendedthatnewtanksare

inspectedafter20years.Tanksolderthan

20yearsshouldbeinspectedevery12years.

Inspectioncanbemorefrequentifany

reasonsareseenforthis,forinstanceiftank

corrosionisbeguntobenoticedandthe

tankneedstobemonitoredmoreclosely.

Thisevaluationcanbedonebyexpertiseat

thelocationorincooperationwithNynas.

Abitumentankshouldalsobeprovided

withaninertgasblanketingsystemto

preventtankbreath(moistureandoxygen

gettingintothetank).API2023gives

recommendationonwhenbitumentanks

shallbeinerted.

Itisrecommendedtohaveasafetyshowerin

thevicinityofstoragetanksinwhichbitumen

isbeingunloaded.

Inrespectoftankentrypleasereferto4.7.

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012

Venting pipes and other attachments

4.5

Pipeworkshouldcomplywithlocal

regulationsandstandardsandshouldbe

asvertical,asshortandwithasfewbends

aspossible.Ifthepipeworkisrequiredto

belongerthannecessaryorisinexposed

locationstheninsulationandheatingofthe

pipeworkwillberequired.Theinletshould

bebetween0.5mandonemetrefrom

groundlevelandbefittedwithaspecialist

flangefitting.

Ifthelineisfullandtheinletlineislower

thanthebitumenlevelthensyphoningwill

takeplace.

Itisrecommendedtohaveindependentlow,

highandultrahighlevelalarmsinstalledon

bitumenstoragetanks.

Ventilationfromtheheadspaceoftanks

shouldbeplacedtominimisepersonal

exposureofhydrocarbonandH2Stothe

tankheadspace.

Bitumenandbituminoussolutionsarestable

substancesthatdonottendtocorrodemetal

surfacestheycontact.Howevervapours

fromthetank’svapourspaceconstantly

moveinandoutthroughtheventpipesat

storagedependingforinstanceonweather

conditions.Thetankbreatheswhichcauses

acontinualmixingofair,moistureand

hydrocarbons.Thismixtureiscorrosive.

Cokedepositcanalsobeformedinvent

pipesandcauseaharmfulover-orunder

-pressureinsidethetank.Thisapplies

especiallytotankscontainingoxidised

bitumen.Storagetanksforbitumen

emulsionsarenormallynotaffectedby

theproduct.

Damagetotanks’pipeworkandequipment

canbepreventedthroughregularinspection

andanadequatepreventivemaintenance

programme.

Specialattentionshouldbepaidtothe

inletsthroughtheinsulationbecausepitting

mayoccurthere.Bitumenleakageand

condensationofoilmistbetweenthetank

plateandinsulationisafrequentcauseof

fire.Itisimportanttoreplacecontaminated

insulationassoonaspossible!

v12

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4.6

Ladder Vent

Heating coilsMustbeeasilyaccessibleformaintenance

Measuring electronics-Highlevelalarm-Levelgauge-Temperaturegauge

ManlidConsidertheplacingforeaseoftankmaintenance

Shell platesWind girderStrongwindscanteardowntheshellplates

Choose the right construction steelMustbeeasytoreplace

StirrerConsiderpowerrequirementandmechanicalstability

DecontaminationGravelorsmoothconcretebaseontheareaaroundthestoragetank-foreasierwastehandling

Valves-Draining-Inlet-Outlet-Sampling

Cleaninghatch

Sloping bottom plateEasiertoemptythetank

Insulation-Suitablefortemperatures upto230°C

-Goodinsulationlimits temperaturevariationsinthetank

-Limitsdeposits

Bitumen storage tank requirements

Overflowpipe

v12

012

Handrail andstairs

Tanksforsoftbitumen,bituminoussolutions

andbitumenemulsionscannormallybe

cleanedthroughsuccessivemixingofthe

residuewithsolvent.Howevercaremustbe

takentoensurethatthetemperatureisalways

keptbelowtheflashpointofthemixture.

Wheneverproductsarechangedinlarge

installationsthepipeworkmustbeemptied.

Thiscanbedonebyflushinginseveralstages

whichwillensurethatonlytracesofthe

previousproductwillremaininthepiping

system.

Bitumendepositscreatedbytheoxidation

processcanoftenbefoundinstorage

tankswithahighstoragetemperatureor

uneventemperaturedistribution.Therefore

tankcleaningshouldbepartofaregular

maintenanceprogrammetakingintoaccount

thetank’shistoryandtheapplicablelocal

legislation.

Whenemptyingastoragetankitisessential

tobefamiliarwiththelayoutofthebottom

ofthebitumentank;thewayinwhichthe

heatingcoilsareconstructed;andhow

conduitsareconnected.

Thetankisnormallyheatedtothehighest

temperaturetheproductallowsforstorage

beforethecontentispumpedout.Draining

ofthefinalsectionshouldbedoneslowlyto

allowthebitumensufficienttimetoflowand

preventtankimplosion.

Whenatankistakenoutofservicealways

ensurethatthetank’stemperatureisbelow

40°Cbeforeopeningthemanholefor

ventilation.Whenthetankhasmorethanone

manhole,theloweroneshouldbeopened

first.

Beforepersonnelcanenterthetank,thetank

shouldbeventilatedandgastestsshould

beperformedinordertoguaranteeasafe

workenvironment(withsafetypermitsystem/

checklistforworkinconfinedspacesinplace).

Bitumenresiduethatcannotbepumpedoutor

washedoutwithoilwhileitiswarmisusually

allowedtosolidifyandmustbechiselledaway.

Productremnantsshouldbedisposedofin

compliancewithlocalandnationalregulations.

Recyclingisalwaysrecommended.

4.7

Cleaningactivitiesinsideastoragetank.

Cleaning and emptying of tanks EU Directive –UK Confined Space Entry Regulations

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Appendices

Ap

pen

dic

es

1For all tasks involving bitumen handling,

a task Risk Assessment should be

performed detailing the required PPE

for the associated task.

PPE should be used when working with

bitumen and should cover all parts of

exposed skin to avoid direct contact.

1.Loadingandunloading

Alwaysuse:

• asafetyhelmetandvisor.

Eyegogglesdonotgivefullfaceprotection

• aneckaprontoprotectthebackofthe

neck

• a coverallwithadditionalhighvisibility

• heatresistantgauntlets/gloves.

Ensurethatnobitumencanrunintothe

gloves(seelatestEurobitume

documentation)

• a onepieceprotectivecoverallwith

longsleevesandlegswornoverboots

• safetyfootwear,calflength.

Noshoes,sandals,clogsortrainers.

NOTES:

During loading and discharging

it is recommended to wear well fitting

long sleeved gauntlets (see picture).

If close fitting wristlet gloves are used

the cuffs should always be worn inside

coverall sleeves.

In general there may be additional

PPE requirements from local sites eg

Personal Dose Monitor (PDM) for H2S

during loading operations.

Appendix1

Appendix 1 - Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

1

23

4

5

6

7

8

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1 2

3

4

5

6 7

8O

ne

2.Producthandlingandsampling

Alwaysuse:

• safetyglasses

• gloves

• overall.

Appendix1

NOTES:

If close fitting wristlet gloves are used,

the cuffs should always be worn inside

overall sleeves. If taking bitumen samples,

full face protection must be used.

Always follow any site specific

requirements.

1

2

3

1

2

3

v12

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Transportcontainers(tankers)

Trucksusedforbitumentransportshould

fulfilthetechnicalspecificationsinthe

countrieswheretheyaretobeused.

Furthermorevehiclesandtanksmustfulfil

thedemandsoftheADR/RID/ADN/IMDG*

legislation.

Itisessentialthattankersareconstructed

insuchawaythattheycanbecompletely

emptied.(IntheUKthisisdonebymeans

ofdumpvalves.Airisreleasedfromthe

trailerairsuspensionandthisinturnlowers

therearairsuspension).Itisalsothereason

whyroad/railwaytanksusedforbitumen

transportationnowadaysarebuiltwitha

completelysmoothinterior.

ADRlegislativerequirementsshouldbe

followedfortankmanufacturewithregard

tometaltypeinorderforthemtoendure

hightemperaturesandlargetemperature

changes.Thetanksshouldbewellinsulated

tomaintainthetemperatureoftheproduct

foraslongaspossible.Sometankersare

equippedwithheating.Equipmentis

chosenaccordingtothegeographicalarea

oftransportationandthetypeofproduct

handled.

Bitumentanksshouldbeconstructedand

shouldfunctioninsuchawaythattherisk

ofinjuriesisreducedtoaminimumandthe

productretainsitsquality,homogeneityand

temperatureduringtransit.

*seesection14ofSafetyDataSheets(SDS)

Appendix2

Appendix 2 - ADR regulations

LabellingofvehiclesaccordingtoADRregulations

ThisrelatestoUK,NordicandContinental

markingrequirements.

Dangerousgoodshavebeendividedinto

ninedifferentclasses.

Withinthisclassificationeachproductis

assignedaUNnumber,packaginggroupand

asafetylabelcode.

Bitumenisclassifiedasdangerousdueto

itshightransporttemperature(>100˚C,

belowitsflashpoint).Alsothelowflash

pointsofcutbacksmayimplyclassificationas

dangerousgoods.

Bitumenisclassifiedasfollows:

• UN3257,ELEVATEDTEMPERATURE

LIQUID,N.O.S.atorabove100˚Cand

belowitsflashpoint(bitumen)

• Class9

• Packaginggrouplll

• ClassificationcodeM9.

v12

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Two

Appendix2

ForUKdomesticjourneysthemarkingandlabellingforbitumen

ForNordicandContinentaljourneysthemarkingandlabellingforbitumen

Rearand

bothsides

Rearand

bothsides

Front

Frontand

rear

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Appendix2

NynasprovidesadditionalinformationsheetsonADR5.4.3

Additional Information for ADR 5.4.3. Instructions in Writing

- Safety helmet with integrated full face visor and neckprotection

- One-piece protective coverall- Safety footwear covering ankle- Heat resistant gloves with long sleeves- During loading/unloading there should be no areas of

exposed skin and the face visor must be down !

NATURE OF DANGER

PERSONALPROTECTION

- Contact of hot liquid with skin causes severe burns.- Overheating of product may result in fire or explosion.- Contact with water will result in a violent expansion and a danger of boil-over.- Respiratory problems or nausea may be induced by high concentration of fumes / vapours.

- Local or national regulations may require specificadditional equipment to be carried.

GENERAL ACTIONS TOBE TAKEN BY DRIVER

- Stop the engine.- No naked lights. No smoking.- Mark roads and warn other road users or persons passing by.- Inform the public about the hazard and give advice to keep upwind.- Notify police and fire brigade as soon as possible.

ADDITIONAL AND/ORSPECIAL ACTIONS TOBE TAKEN BY THEDRIVER

- Only take action if without personal risk.- Avoid direct contact with the product.- Stop leaks if possible without risk.- Contain or absorb leaking liquid with sand / earth or suitable material.- If practicable : use shovel, broom, small collecting container.- Prevent liquids from entering water courses, sewers, basements and workpits.- If product has entered a watercourse or sewer or been spilt on soil or vegetation, advise Police.

FIRE- Extinguish fire with water fog or fine spray, dry powder,

foam, inert gas, carbon dioxide, sand.- Do not use water jet.- Cool closed containers exposed to fire with water.

- Do not attempt to deal with any fire involving the load.

FIRST AID- Drench burn in cold water for a minimum of10 minutes.

- Do not attempt to remove the bitumen unless blockingan airway.

- Bitumen acts as a sterile layer and should only beremoved by specialist medical care.

- Send person for medical attention immediately.- If product gets into the eyes, immediately wash out

with plenty of water and get medical attention.

- Where hot bitumen completely encircles a limb or otherbody part, the bitumen must be softened and/or split toprevent restriction of blood flow during cooling(tourniquet effect).

Emergency phone: +44 (0)208 762 8322

Date of issue : 2010-01-07. Version : 2

APPLIES ONLY DURING ROAD TRANSPORT

ADDITIONALINFORMATION

Proper shipping name :

Name of product or products:

Physical state :

Odour :

Colour :

Solubility :

Elevated temperature liquid, N.O.S. at or above 100°C and below itsflashpoint. (Bitumen) (D)Bitumen

Liquid at normal handling temperature.Solid at ambient temperature.

Characteristic.

Brown to black

insoluble in water.

LOAD

In case of burns: In case of circumferential burns:

- Under safe conditions remove person fromcontaminated atmosphere into fresh air.

- Seek medical assistance if breathing remains difficult.

In case of respiratory problems:

Information for the driver in case of fire: Information for emergency services:

Additional equipment:

ADR/RID Class :

Packing group :

UN number :

99

3257

IIIHazard identification number :

9

v12

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Appendix3

Thisisnotanextensivelistbutcanbeusedasanexampletoformulatequestionsonsiteand

addressspecificrequirementsforloadingbitumenvehicles.

BEFORE LOADING

1.Vehicleowner

2.Vehiclenumber

3.Loadordernumber

4.Productrequired

5.Lastload

6.Sameproduct(compatible)? yes-gotonumber9/no-cleaningisrequired

7.Otherproduct(noncompatible)? yes/no

8.Iscleaningrequired? yes/no

9.Istankdry,emptyandclean? yes/no

10.Isprocedureloadingrequired? yes/no

11.Tank/barrelcapacity

12.Numberofcompartments

13.Cantank/barrelcarryrequestedamount? yes/no

14.Arealltank/barrelvalvesclosedshut? yes/no

15.Vehiclecorrectlylabelled? yes/no

16.Correctproducttemperature? yes/no

AFTER LOADING BUT BEFORE LEAVING

Deliverynote

Instructionsinwriting(ADR4Pagerequirement)(Hauliersresponsibility)

AdditionalinformationtotheADR5.4.3InstructionsinWriting

NynascanprovideadditionalinformationsheetstotheADR5.4.3InstructionsinWriting(seeAppendix2).

Specialdirections/instructions(ifapplicable)

Necessarytransportdocumentationonboard yes/no

Appendix 3 - Bitumen loading checklist

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Thre

e

Appendix4

BEFORE UNLOADING

Contactwithcustomer’srepresentative?

Checkthattheloadcorrespondstoorder

yes/no

Isthereceivingtanknumberandlabellingcorrect? yes/no

Isthereenoughspaceinthereceivingtank?

Customersignatureforullage

yes/no

Correctconnectionforunloading? yes/no

Isallemergencyequipmentworking? yes/no

Arehighlevelalarmsandtankgaugesworkingproperly? yes/no

Isasafeexitrouteavailable? yes/no

Appendix 4 - Bitumen unloading checklist

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Fou

r

Appendix5

Pleasecheckforupdatesofthiscardatwww.eurobitume.eu

Appendix 5 - Eurobitume Bitumen Burns Card

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five

Five

Appendix5

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>> SECOND DEGREE BURNS

The bitumen should be left in place and covered with a Tulle dressingcontaining paraffin or a burn ointment containing paraffin, e.g. Flammazine(silver sulphadiazine). Such treatment will have the effect of softening thebitumen enabling it to be gently removed over a period of days. As a result ofthe natural re-epithelialisation of the wound any remaining bitumen will peeloff in time.

>> THIRD DEGREE BURNS

Active removal of the bitumen should be avoided unless primary surgicaltreatment is being considered due to the location and depth of the wound. Insuch cases removal of the bitumen is best carried out in the operating theatrebetween the second and fifth day after the burn occurred. By the second daythe capillary circulation has usually recovered and the bed of the wound issuch that a specialist can assess the depth to which the burn has penetrated.There are normally no secondary problems such as infections to contend withbefore the sixth day. However, it is essential to commence treatment usingparaffin based substances from the day of the accident to facilitate removalduring surgery.

>> CIRCUMFERENTIAL BURNS

Where hot bitumen completely encircles a limb or other body part the cooledand hardened bitumen may cause a tourniquet effect. In the event of thisoccurring the adhering bitumen must be softened and/or split to preventrestriction of blood flow.

>> EYE BURNS

No attempt should be made to remove the bitumen by unqualified personnel.The patient should be referred urgently for specialist medical assessment andappropriate treatment.Considerable effort has been made to assure the accuracy and reliability of the information containedin this publication. However, neither Eurobitume nor any company participating in Eurobitume canaccept liability for any loss, damage or injury whatsoever resulting from the use of this information.Eurobitume would like to acknowledge the contribution of Drs M.J. Hoekstra and M.H.E. Hermanns ofthe Burns Unit, Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, The Netherlands, in compiling this guide.

BITUMEN BURNS

european bitumen associationE-mail: info@eurobitume.eu

Appendix6

PAVINGGRADEBITUMEN

10/20 15/25 20/30 30/45 35/50

Minimumpumpingtemperature °C 150 145 140 130 130

Typicalstoragetemperature °C 175-190 175-190 165-185 160-180 155-175

Maximumhandling/storagetemp °C 200 200 200 200 200

PAVINGGRADEBITUMEN

40/60 50/70 70/100 100/150 160/220

Minimumpumpingtemperature °C 125 125 120 115 110

Typicalstoragetemperature °C 150-170 145-165 140-160 135-155 130-150

Maximumhandling/storagetemp °C 200 200 190 190 190

SOFTBITUMEN

V1500 V3000 V6000 V12000

Minimumpumpingtemperature °C 60 65 70 80

Typicalstoragetemperature °C 80-130 85-135 90-140 100-150

Maximumhandling/storagetemp °C 130 140 150 150

Thetablegivesanoverviewofbestpracticeforhandlingeachgrade:

Appendix 6 - Bitumen storage and handling temperatures (as recommended by Eurobitume)

PAVINGGRADEBITUMEN

250/330 330/430 500/650 650/900

Minimumpumpingtemperature °C 100 95 90 85

Typicalstoragetemperature °C 125-145 120-140 115-135 110-130

Maximumhandling/storagetemp °C 190 180 170 160

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OXIDISEDBITUMEN

R&B<100°C R&B>100°C

Minimumpumpingtemperature °C r&b+80 r&b+90

Typicalstoragetemperature °C 200-220 210-230

Maximumhandling/storagetemp °C 230 230

Six

Appendix6

Minimum pumping temperature

Thisindicatestheminimumtemperatureatwhichthebitumenreachesasuitableviscosity

forpumping,typicallyrelatedto2000mPa.s.

Fornormaloperations,temperatures10°Cto50°Cinexcessofthesemaybeselectedto

facilitatetransferorblendingoperationsbutthemaximumsafehandlingtemperaturemust

notbeexceeded.

Typical storage temperature

Arangeisgivenforeachgrade.Thesecoverthetypicaltemperaturesusedforstorageofthe

bitumenandareconsistentwithachievingrealisticloadingratesanddeliverytocustomer

storagetanks.Theperiodduringwhichbitumenisstoredandcirculatedatelevated

temperatureshouldbeminimisedtopreventhardening.Ifthebitumenistobestoredfor

anextendedperiodwithoutadditionoffreshmaterial,thetemperatureshouldbereduced

toapproximately20°Cto25°Cabovethesofteningpointwithcirculationstopped.When

reheatingtheprocessmustbecarriedoutcarefullytopreventlocalisedoverheatingand

operatingproblems.

Maximum handling/storage temperature

Therecommendedmaximumstorageandhandlingtemperaturesarebasedongenerally

satisfactoryexperienceforstorageincontactwithairsubjecttoavoidanceofflammable

atmospheresinthevapourspaceofthetank.

Themaximumhandlingandstoragetemperaturesvaryaccordingtobitumengradebutthe

currentrecommendedmaximumforpavinggradebitumenis200°C.Forothergradesplease

refertotheappropriateSafetyDataSheets.

v12

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Appendix7

Appendix 7 - Nynas bitumen sales offices

Luxemburg

NynasNV

Excelsiorlaan87

BE-1930Zaventem

Tel:+32-2-7251818

Netherlands

NynasNV

Excelsiorlaan87

BE-1930Zaventem

Tel:+32-2-7251818

Norway

NynasAS

Tollbugatan39B

NO-3044Drammen

Tel:+4732202530

Spain

NynasNV

Excelsiorlaan87

BE-1930Zaventem

Tel:+32-2-7096851

Switzerland

NynasAG

Dammstrasse19

CH-6301Zug

Tel:+41-41-7233355

Poland

NynasSp.zo.o.n

Ul.Górnoslaska17-18

PL-70-664Szczecin

Tel:+48-91-4623121

Belgium

NynasNV

Excelsiorlaan87

BE-1930Zaventem

Tel:+32-2-7251818

Denmark

NynasA/S

Lyngbyvej20

DK-2100Copenhagen

Tel:+45-39-158080

Estonia

ASNynas

Õli5

EE-74115Maardu

Tel:+372-6319422

Finland

NynasOY

Ayritie12B

FIN-01510Vantaa

Tel:+358-20-7433310

France

NynasNV

Excelsiorlaan87

BE-1930Zaventem

Tel:+32-2-7251818

Germany

NynasNV

Excelsiorlaan87

BE-1930Zaventem

Tel:+32-2-7251818

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Seve

n

Appendix7

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Appendix 7 - Nynas bitumen sales offices

Sweden

NynasAB

POBox10700

12129Stockholm

Tel:+46-8-6021200

UnitedKingdom

NynasUKAB

NorthRoad

EllesmerePortCH651AJ

Tel:+44-151-3273171

NynasUKAB

EastCamperdownStreet

DundeeDD13LG

Tel:+44-1382-462211

Appendix7

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Appendix 7 - Nynas bitumen depots

Denmark

NynasA/S

Kuwaitvej3

DK-8000ÅrhusC

Tel:+45-86127344

Fax:+45-86137446

NynasA/S

Sdr.Molevej13-15

DK-4600Køge

Tel:+45-56655050

Fax:+45-56-655014

Estonia

ASNynas

Õli5

EE-74115Maardu

Tel:+372-6319422

France

NynasNV

c/oLBC

DépôtdeBayonne

ZI

RoutedelaBarre

FR-40220Tarnos

Tel:+32-2-7252238

Fax:+32-2-7251091

NynasNV

c/oLBC

DépôtdeNantes

103,QuaiE.Cormerais

BP53

FR-44801St-Herblain

Tel:+32-2-7252238

Fax:+32-2-7251091

Poland

NynasSp.zo.o.

ul.Gornoslaska17/18

PL-70-664Szczecin

Tel:+48-914-623121

Fax:+48-914-623188

Sweden

NynasAB

Oljevägen55

SE-41878Göteborg

Tel:+46317551200

Fax:+46317551201

NynasAB

Tjärhovet

SE-39231Kalmar

Tel:+46480403690

Fax:+46480403691

NynasAB

Oljehamnsvägen

SE-14982Nynäshamn

Tel:+46852065248

Fax:+46852016510

NynasAB

Box18

SE-82022Sandarne

Tel:+46270428405

Fax:+46270428406

NynasAB

UmeåUthamn

SE-91332Holmsund

Tel:+4690149180

Fax:+4690149609

Appendix7

Appendix 7 - Emulsion plants

Estonia

ASNynas

Õli5

EE-74115Maardu

Tel:+372-6319422

ASNynas

Kärknaküla

EE-60503Tartu

Tel:+372-7366144

Sweden

NynasAB

Oljevägen55

SE-41878Göteborg

Tel:+46317551200

Fax:+46317551201

NynasAB

Kritvägen1

SE-94100Piteå

Tel:+4691163320

Fax:+4691163320

NynasAB

Cisterngatan3

SE-72132Västerås

Tel:+46730297089

Fax:+46706622478

Appendix 7 - Nynas bitumen depots

Sweden

NynasAB

c/oVopacLogisticsAB

Oljevägen18

SE-21124Malmö

Tel:+4640936650

Fax:+4640183963

NynasAB

Oljevägen2

SE-72132Västerås

Tel:+4621120647

Fax:+4621412694

NynasAB

c/oVopacLogisticsAB

Björkuddsvägen1

SE-15138Södertälje

Tel:+46855011538

Fax:+46855010514

Appendix8

Appendix 8 - Glossary

API AmericanPetroleumInstitute

CLP EUregulation1272/2008onClassificationLabellingandPackagingof

substancesandmixtures

Concawe CONservationofCleanAirandWaterinEurope.Theoilcompanies’

Europeanassociationforenvironment,healthandsafetyinrefiningand

distribution

CSA ChemicalSafetyAssessment

DNEL DerivedNoEffectLevel

ECHA EuropeanChemicalAgency

Eurobitume TheEuropeanBitumenAssociation

FPC FactoryProductionControl

GHS GloballyHarmonisedSystemofClassificationandLabellingofChemicals

Hazard Thepotentialtocauseharm

IARC InternationalAgencyonResearchonCancer

OEL OccupationalExposureLimit

PAHs PolycyclicAromaticHydrocarbons

PBT PersistantBioaccumulativeandToxic

PDM PersonalDoseMonitor(H2S)

PNEC PredictedNoEffectConcentration

ppm partspermillion

vPvB VeryPersistantandVeryBioaccumulative

PPE PersonalProtectiveEquipment

REACH EUregulation1907/2006onRegistrationEvaluationAuthorisationand

RestrictionofChemicals

Risk Thelikelihoodofharm

SDS SafetyDataSheet

TWA TimeWeightedAverage

THC TotalHydrocarbonConcentration

UVCB UnknownorVariableCompositionComplexreactionproductsor

BiologicalMaterials

v12

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Eig

ht

Appendix8

Appendix 8 - Glossary

Managementsystemstandards

ISO9001 isaglobalqualitymanagementstandard.ISO9001appliestoalltypesof

organisations.Itcanhelpbothproductandserviceorganisationsachieve

standardsofqualitythatarerecognisedandrespectedthroughoutthe

world.

ISO14001 isanenvironmentalmanagementstandard.Itspecifiesasetof

environmentalmanagementrequirementsforenvironmentalmanagement

systems.Thepurposeofthisstandardistohelpalltypesoforganisationsto

protecttheenvironment,topreventpollutionandtoimprovetheir

environmentalperformance.

OHSAS18001 isanoccupationalhealthandsafetymanagementstandard.Itdefinesaset

ofoccupationalhealthandsafety(OH&S)managementrequirementsfor

occupationalhealthandsafetymanagementsystems(OHSMS).

CEMarking CEMarkingisalegalrequirementtoplacebitumen-foruseinpaving

applications-ontheEUmarket,exceptinthosecountrieswhereCE

Markingisoptionaltodate.

CEMarkingonaproductisamanufacturer’sdeclarationthattheproduct

complieswiththeessentialrequirementsoftheConstructionProducts

DirectiveoftheEuropeanUnionandindicatesthattheproductcomplies

withtherelevantnationalstandardstransposingtheharmonisedEuropean

standardsandthatallthetaskslinkedtoattestationofconformityhave

beencompleted.

CEMarkingisnotamarkoforigin.

CEMarkingistheevidenceofconformitytotherequirementsdescribedin

theharmonisedproductstandards.

CEMarkingisonlypossibleforthoseproductsforwhichaharmonised

Europeanproductstandardisavailable.

ThemanufacturermusthaveasystemofFactoryProductionControl(FPC)

inplace.FPChasasetofprocedures,inspectionsandteststocontroland

ensurethequalityandpropertiesofthefinishedproduct.TheFPCsystem

coversallmanufacturingsitesforwhichCEMarkingisrequired.

Externalauditingisperformedbyacertifiedbodywhosetaskistocheck

thatthequalitysystemsanddocumentationcomplywiththerequirements

ofAnnexZAintheproductstandard,byvisitingthelocationandexamining

therelevantprocesses,recordsetc.

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Other

Air-rectifiedbitumen Bitumenthathasundergoneamilddegreeofair-blowingfor

adjustmentofthephysicalproperties.Penetrationindex≤2.0.

Severelyoxidisedbitumen Bitumenproductsthathaveundergoneintensiveair-blowing,in

somecaseswiththepresenceofaflux.Penetrationindex>2.0.

Hazardoussubstances Substancesthat,followingexposure,canhaveanadverseeffect

onhealth.Examplesofhazardoussubstancesincludepoisons,

substancesthatcauseburnsorskinandeyeirritationand

substancesthatmaycausecancer.

Dangerousgoods Substancesorarticlesthat,becauseoftheirphysical,chemical

(physicochemical)oracutetoxicityproperties,presentan

immediatehazardtopeople,propertyortheenvironment.

Typesofsubstancesclassifiedasdangerousgoodsinclude

explosives,flammableliquidsandgases,corrosives,chemically

reactiveoracutely(highly)toxicsubstances.

Appendix 8 - Glossary

Appendix8

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Appendix 9 - References

Concawepublications:www.concawe.be

Echapublications:www.echa.europa.eu

Eurobitumepublications:www.eurobitume.eu

Nynaspublications:www.nynas.com

InformationrelatingtoADR/RID/ADNlegislationisavailableontheUNECETransportDivision

websitepagewww.unece.org/trans/danger/danger

InformationrelatingtoIMDGlegislationisavailableonthewebsitepagehttp://gisis.imo.org/public

orwww.imo.org/publications

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Ref

eren

ces

www.nynas.com

B080

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