sÄteilyturvakeskus strÅlsÄkerhetscentralen radiation and nuclear safety authority regulatory...
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SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
Regulatory project management
VN/RA/01 Task 1&2 Workshop
Hanoi, October 2012
Confidential
Ilari Aro
Ref. to Kirsi Alm-Lytz
STUK
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 2PVM/NN
Outline
• Regulatory oversight projects– Procedures developed at STUK– Typical oversight projects
• Examples of regulatory project management in new build projects– OL3 - STUK’s role and organisation in licensing steps – Summary of STUK’s competences and resources needed for OL3
project oversight
– Preparation for regulatory oversight of upcoming new build projects
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 3
Regulatory oversight projects
• Regulatory oversight is defined in the legislation and regulations
• New plant projects and plant modifications are initiated by the licensees-> STUK can’t decide whether the regulatory work should be done
or not but choice can be made whether the oversight work is performed as projects or within line organisation
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 4
Projects office at STUK/NRR(Department of Nuclear Reactor Regulation)
Projects office (PMO) founded in 2002 for the oversight of the OL3 licensing
Co-ordinates the regulatory oversight in new NPP licensing process, in NPP operating license renewals and in some larger plant modifications
Develops the project management procedures for oversight projects
Supports the project managers in project planning and prepares quarterly collective report on projects’ progress
Provides resident inspectors for new NPPs under construction
Oversight support
Department services
Structures and componentsAssistant director
Martti Vilpas
Projects and operationalsafety
Assistant directorKirsi Alm-Lytz
Reactor and safetysystems
Section headRisto Sairanen
Risk analysisSection head
Jorma Sandberg
Electrical andautomation systems
Section headKim Wahlström
Radiation protectionSection headOlli Vilkamo
Nuclear facilities andsystems
Assistant directorKeijo Valtonen
Nuclear Reactor RegulationDirector Petteri Tiippana
Deputy directorMarja-Leena Järvinen
Mechanical engineeringSection headPetri Vuorio
Civil engineeringSection head
Pekka Välikangas
Manufacturingtechnology
Section headJuhani Hinttala
Operational safetySection headJukka Kupila
ProjectsSection head
Janne Nevalainen
Project managers:OL 3: Tapani Virolainen
VALVE: Janne Nevalainen
LARA: Kaj Söderholm
Nuclear Security
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 5
Development of the project management procedures at STUK/NRR
• After foundation of Projects unit in 2002 also other oversight works have been co-ordinated as projects
• The detailed guidance for the regulatory project management was finalised in 2010
• STUK/NRR project model is based on generic project management practices, references e.g.,– A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK
guide), ANSI/PMI 99-001-2008– ABC project model, Finnish Project Institute
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 6PVM/NN
STUK/NRR project model
G1 PE
Planningphase
Closing phase
Executionphase
Preparation phase
Project ideaEvaluation
phase
Portfolio management
Project management
Project execution
Initiating
Management and control
Closing
Project planning
MS MS
End product of project
G0
Project documentsProject charter Assessment reportProject meeting memosProject management plan
Progress reports List of follow-up items
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 7
Regulatory oversight projectsGuidance for a single project
• Decision of project start, G0 (criteria, project charter template)• Project organisation (steering group, project manager, project group,
resident inspectors)• Project planning (project management plan templates)• Project management and control (meeting practices, communication with
licensee and other stakeholders, resource management, progress reporting and template)
• Closing project (closing meeting, assessment report and follow-up list templates)
• Documentation (record keeping)
Project management in STUK/NRR• Project classification (ABC model, classification principles and procedures
in different classes)• Project portfolio management (excel table used by PMO, quarterly project
progress reports and portfolio reporting)• Engagement in the department’s yearly planning process (resource
planning)
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 8
Typical oversight projects
• New build projects• Operating licence renewals and periodic safety reviews• Extensive plant modifications involving
– several technical areas– high safety significance– long time schedules (several years)– large resource need (several person-months of oversight work)
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 9
Oversight projects of nuclear facilities• new nuclear facilities
– FIN5 (2002-2014, oversight of OL3 licensing and construction)
– PAP (2008-2009, DiPs for new NPPs)– VALVE (2010-2014, preparations for FIN6/7 CL appl.
review)– ONKALO (2005 ->, construction of research tunnels
and final repository for spent fuel)• operating licence renewals/ periodic safety reviews
– KLUPA (Loviisa licence renewal, ended 2007)– OLMATA (Olkiluoto periodic safety review, ended 2009)– FLUPA (Research reactor licence renewal, ended 2012)
• large plant modifications– LARA (Loviisa I&C renewal, 2004-2016)– LOKIT (Loviisa liquid waste solidification plant
construction, 2002-2013)– KOPLA (enlargement of Olkiluoto interim storage for
spent fuel, 2009-2013)– LAMO (modernisation of Loviisa refueling machine,
2010 ->)– DiGU (modernisation of Olkiluoto diesel generators,
2010 ->)– LoPolar (modernisation of Loviisa Polar crane, 2010 ->)
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 10
Project portfolio
Name Description Class Owner Manager Group Schedule Project phase
Estimated project progress (traffic lights)
e.g. FIN5 Olkiluoto 3 ... A N.N. N.N. N.N., …
Project initiated – predicted end
Planning/ Execution/ Closing
-Resources available -Use of resources compared to the planned-deviations in the submitting scheduleof documents for review-deviations in the quality of submitted documents for review
• Excel table collecting information on different projects• Includes also links to the project charter, project management
plan and the latest progress report• Project managers report quarterly on the progress of their
projects• Office head of PMO updates the project portfolio and reports
quarterly in the operative and management meetings on the progress of projects and possible resource problems
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
Example – Olkiluoto 3, resources for licensing and regulatory oversight
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
12
OL3 Project generally 1/2
• OL3 is the first EPR being constructed
• OL3 is a turn key project– Owner and operator (Licensee) is
TVO – Constructed by Consortium of Areva
and Siemens• Project is progressing but is more
than five years behind the original schedule
Photos: TVO
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
OL3 Project generally 2/2
• Main civil construction activities finished at the site
• Current issues– Installation activities
ongoing– Design of instrumentation
and control system (independence, testing, qualification)
• Operating licence application expected during 2013
• Schedule for Commercial operation under elaboration
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 14PVM/NN
• STUK started preparations for regulatory oversight of OL3 project in 2002 after DIP – Establishment of a
• project office and project group to plan and coordinate work• project plan for the oversight (steps, goals, resources, risks, reporting)
– Discussions with • the utility on the project schedule, content of documents for construction
licence• Technical Support Organisations to establish analysis capabilities needed for
independent comparison analyses• Regulators with recent licensing and construction experience• Regulators and TSO’s with knowledge on EPR design• Inspection Organisations possibly needed in the project
– Resource planning • to plan the work of subprojects (technical disciplines) • to find out possible expertise gaps.
OL3, CL phase - organization, competences and resources 1/4
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 15PVM/NN
• Conclusions of the planning were– STUK mainly had a core competences to review technical issues
presented in PSAR and other documents of CL application• on the other hand, resources to oversee existing plants was too
small - recruiting was necessary.– Technical support of TSOs was needed
• for new features like airplane crashes, severe accidents (melt retention in core catcher), digital I&C and primary system materials and components
• to perform independent assessments and analyses of design to support STUK’s decision making.
– co-operation with French regulatory body (ASN) to share experiences of EPR design.
OL3, CL phase - organization, competences and resources 2/4
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 16PVM/NN
Electrical systemsAutomation systems
Layout, Auxiliary systemsTurbine systems
Nuclear materials and Waste
Mechanical equipment
Reactor, safety functions, systems and analyses
Radiation safety and emergency preparedness
Probabilistic risk assessment
Civil construction, Structures, Fire protection
Quality Management and organisation
Commissioning and operational safety
OL3, CL phase - organization, competences and resources 3/4
STUK´s project group
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 17PVM/NN
OL 3 technical support areas in CL phaseDesign basis accidents
Severe accidents
External threats & airplanecrash
Building & construction
Primary system andcomponents mechanicaldesignWater chemistry
Digital I & C
Nuclear fuel
Radiological consequences
PSA
Other
OL3, CL phase - organization, competences and resources 4/4
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 18PVM/NN
• Review and approval of detailed design documentation for systems, structures and components (SSCs)– Before start of construction or manufacturing
• Oversight of and inspections on manufacturing and construction to verify QA and QC activities of manufacturer, vendor and licensee– Resident inspectors on site (complemented with staff from HQ)– Regular visits at the component manufacturing sites
• Assessment of licensee´s performance to verify the adequacy of project management, safety assessment, QA/QC programmes, etc. – Quality of the submitted regulatory documentation– Inspections within the construction inspection programme– Resident inspectors at site
• Assessment of the performance of the parties responsible for design, construction and manufacturing – participation as an observer in audits, inspection visits, manufacturing
and construction oversight, meetings
OL3, construction - STUK objectives 1/2
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 19PVM/NN
– Inspections during construction on structures and components
• To verify QA and QC results and activities of manufacturer, vendor and licensee - product conformity
• Defined in regulatory guides• Inspection organizations used in
lower safety classes
– Inspections on licensee’s performance within the Construction Inspection Program
• To verify the adequacy of project management, safety assessment, QA/QC programmes, etc. - performance conformity
• Inspections during construction can be divided to two categories
OL3, construction - STUK objectives 2/2
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 20PVM/NN
• Oversight during construction needs– same core competences than during CL phase but also– much new know-how (e.g. materials, concreting, welding, QA/QC
inspections to manufacturers, site supervision...) and human resources when the amount of work is much larger.
• STUK has continued recruiting as well as using of TSOs and IOs– technical experts recruited from expert organisations, utilities or from
“conventional” industry - background from nuclear side not necessarily needed in all tasks
– IOs are “extension” of STUK - they take STUK’s role as a regulator in lower safety classes.
– TSOs participate more in STUK’s reviews than make independent analyses.
OL3, Construction phase - organisation, competences and resources
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
Regulatory Oversight (man-years/NPP)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 1-3 2012
Reg
ula
tory
ove
rsig
ht
[man
yea
rs]
LO1/LO2 LO3 OL1/OL2 OL3 OL4 FV1
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 22PVM/NN
Oversight OL3 - mechanical engineering and manufacturing technology
• Core competences for mechanical engineering, red colour indicates remarkable increase of resources– Nuclear fuel and control rods– Mechanical equipment– Nuclear power plant pressure
vessels– Strength analysis– Manufacturing technology– Material technology and ageing– NDI– Ageing management– Assessment of QMS– Utilization of PRA in inspections– Maintenance– Assessment of inspection
organisations.
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
Full time equivalents on oversight of OL3 - mechanical components and manufacturing technology
year
ma
ny
ea
rs
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110
5
10
15
20
25
30
Number of staff - mechanical components
year
nu
mb
er
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
Full time equivalents on oversight of OL3 - reactor and safety systems
year
ma
ny
ea
rs
23PVM/NN
Oversight OL3 - reactor and safety systems
• Core competences for reactor and safety systems– Safety Principles and Design
Basis of NPP– Deterministic safety analysis– NPP Technology and system
design, thermal hydraulics– Reactor technology and physics,
criticality safety – Nuclear fuel technology– Containment functions– I&C functions– Severe accidents– Technical specifications– Emergency response– Operational safety
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Number of staff - reactor and safety systems
year
nu
mb
er
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Full time equivalents on oversight of OL3 - radiation protection
year
ma
ny
ea
rs
24PVM/NN
Oversight OL3 - radiation protection
• Core competences for radiation protection– Radiation protection - dose
control– Radiation protection - dose
calculations– Radioactive release (normal
operation)– Emergency preparedness and
rescue services at NPP– Dispersion of radioactive
releases in accidents – source term
– Meteorology - dispersion of radioactive releases
– Monitoring environment of NPP – Research reactors– Nuclear waste management.
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Number of staff - radiation protection
year
nu
mb
er
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
Full time equivalents on oversight of OL3 - risk analysis
year
ma
ny
ea
rs
25PVM/NN
Oversight OL3 - risk analysis
• Core competences for risk analysis
– PRA in risk informed regulation– Fire protection– Meteorological and
environmental risks– Seismic risks– PRA-methods (level 1 and 2)– PRA software (user skills and
development)– Operation, Maintenance– Reliability of human
performance– Theoretical basis of risk
analysis.2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
0123456789
10
Number of staff - risk analysis
year
nu
mb
er
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
Full time equivalents on oversight of OL3 - electrical and automation systems
year
ma
ny
ea
rs
26PVM/NN
Oversight OL3 - electrical and automation systems
• Core competences for electrical and automation systems– Electrical systems and
components– Embedded automation of
electrical components– Protection automation– Accident instrumentation and
accident management systems– Software based automation
systems– QA & QC, verification and
validation– Operational automation– Control room– Ageing of I&C components.
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Number of staff - electrical and automation systems
year
nu
mb
er
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
0.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.0
Full time equivalents on oversight of OL3 - civil engineering
year
ma
ny
ea
rs
27PVM/NN
Oversight OL3 - civil engineering
• Core competences for civil engineering
– Civil engineering – Construction technology– Strength analyses– Fire protection– Lay-out– Risk analysis.
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Number of staff - civil engineering
year
nu
mb
er
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
Full time equivalents on oversight of OL3 - project office
year
ma
ny
ea
rs
28PVM/NN
Oversight OL3 - project office
• Core competences for project office – Handling of license
applications– Regulatory control of plant
projects– Project management– Management systems / QA &
QA, safety culture issues– Modification projects– Interfaces between technical
areas– Safety analysis– PRA– Oversight at site during
construction (resident inspectors).
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
0123456789
10
Number of staff - project office
year
nu
mb
er
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Full time equivalents on oversight of OL3 - operational safety
year
man
year
s
29PVM/NN
• Core competences for operational safety – Technical specification and
basis– Operation– Maintenance– Operational experiences– Operating organisation – Safety culture– Management systems– Personnel resources, training– Emergency preparedness– Resident inspectors
Oversight OL3 - operational safety
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Number of staff - organisations and operation
year
nu
mb
er
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 30PVM/NN
Annual costs of the technical support contracted for OL 3
Oversight OL3 - using of TSOs
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110.00
200,000.00
400,000.00
600,000.00
800,000.00
1,000,000.00
1,200,000.00
1,400,000.00
1,600,000.00
1,800,000.00
2,000,000.00
Eu
ro
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
YVL 1.1: Construction Inspection Programme
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 32
YVL 1.1: Construction Inspection Programme
The purpose of STUK’s Construction Inspection Programme is to verify that the operations of the construction licensee ensure high-quality construction and implementation in accordance with the approved designs while complying with the regulations and official decisions concerned. In particular, the Construction Inspection Programme assesses and controls the following issues:• the licensee’s general operations with a view to
constructing the facility• detailed procedures in the various fields of technology
implemented for constructing the facility• dealing with safety matters and consideration of safety in
management procedures• the licensee’s expertise and use of expertise• quality management and quality control.
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 33
Construction Inspection Programme
The Construction Inspection Programme is divided into two main levels: the upper level assesses the licensee’s main operations, such as project management and resources management, project control, dealing with safety issues and project quality management.
The next level, known as the operation level, assesses, e.g., project quality assurance, training of the operating personnel, inspection procedures, utilization of the PSA, document management, radiation safety, and structure and component-specific inspections in the various fields of technology. Furthermore, the emergency response arrangements during construction, physical protection, fire protection and nuclear waste treatment are included in the Construction Inspection Programme within the scope STUK considers necessary.
In addition to the above-mentioned inspections, of which the licensee is informed in advance, STUK carries out inspections without prior notice at its discretion.
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 34
Inspections and regulatory control required by YVL Guides
STUK controls the construction project, quality management of the construction and the licensee’s safety work with the aid of inspections at its discretion. The inspections pertain, e.g., to the following issues:• project management and control• organization; training, competence and adequacy of the
personneldealing with safety matters• implementation of quality management as a whole and in
the different sectors• control exercised by the licensee concerning the
implementation of quality management by the licensee itself, the facility contractor and their subcontractors.
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 35
Buildings and concrete and steel structures
STUK controls the design, manufacture and installation of the buildings and concrete and steel structures important to safety. The control includes• pre-inspection of structures• inspections at the construction site concerning the readiness to begin
work• inspections concerning manufacture• construction inspections of steel structures• commissioning inspections.
The safety class of structures is taken into account when determining the scope of control and setting the requirements. The requirements for and control of concrete and steel structures have been described in Guides YVL 4.1 and YVL 4.2. Fire protection at nuclear facilities is discussed in Guide YVL 4.3.
Only organizations and persons in their employ that have been granted approval by STUK are allowed to carry out inspections and expert duties subject to licence relating to concrete and steel structures. Guides YVL 1.3 and YVL 4.1 deal with these duties and the approval procedures.
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 36
ComponentsSTUK controls the design, manufacture and installation of pressure equipment and other mechanical components of nuclear facilities. The control includes• inspection of the construction plans for components• approval of the manufacturers and testing organizations• inspections concerning manufacture• construction inspections• installation inspections• commissioning inspections.The safety class of components is taken into account when determining the scope of control and setting the requirements. On the licensee’s application, STUK may approve a separate testing organization to carry out specified control duties. The requirements for and control of mechanical components have been described in Guides YVL 1.3, YVL 1.14 and YVL 1.15 and in YVL Guides of series 3 and 5. Guide YVL 3.0 describes the principles of pressure equipment control. Guide YVL 3.4 presents the requirements for the approval of manufacturers. Guide YVL 1.3 deals with the duties and the approval procedure for inspection and testing duties subject to licence relating to mechanical components.
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 37
ComponentsSTUK controls the design, manufacture and installation of electrical and instrumentation and control equipment of nuclear facilities. The control includes review of the suitability assessment, inspections concerning manufacture and installation to be conducted at STUK’s discretion, and commissioning inspections.
The safety significance of the component concerned is taken into account when determining the scope of control and setting the requirements. The requirements for and control of electrical and instrumentation and control equipment have been described in Guides YVL 5.2 and YVL 5.5. Guides YVL 7.9 and YVL 7.10 give the requirements for radiation protection of nuclear facility workers and monitoring of occupational exposure. Other requirements and control concerning the radiation protection and environmental monitoring of a nuclear facility are discussed in guides of the YVL 7 Guide series.
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 38
Nuclear fuel
In accordance with Sections 114 and 115 of the Nuclear Energy Decree, STUK controls that the nuclear fuel is designed, manufactured, transported, stored, handled and used in compliance with the valid regulations.
The nuclear fuel licensing procedure and STUK’s regulatory control measures for nuclear power plants have been described in Guide YVL 6.1.
Guides YVL 6.2, YVL 6.3, YVL 6.4, YVL 6.5, YVL 6.7 and YVL 6.8 give the requirements for the design, manufacture, transport, handling, storage and use of nuclear fuel.
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 39
Preparations for operation; organization and training
In accordance with Section 119 of the Nuclear Energy Decree, STUK controls that the organization operating the facility is appropriate and adequate and that the persons involved in the use of nuclear energy meet the competence requirements and that they are given proper training.
Development and training of the operating organization shall begin early enough during the construction of the nuclear power plant (YVL 2.5).When reviewing the administrative rules and organization manual referred to in Section 4.2 above, STUK assesses the appropriateness and adequacy of the licence applicant’s organization and the qualifications required.
In accordance with Section 128 of the Nuclear Energy Decree, the operator of the facility systems in the main control room of a nuclear facility shall have STUK’s approval for this job. The requirements for the nuclear power plant operator licensing and the training of personnel have been defined in Guides YVL 1.6 and YVL 1.7.
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 40
Pre-operational testing
The purpose of the pre-operational testing of a nuclear facility is to demonstrate that the facility has been constructed and operates as designed. The testing consists of the following stages:• system performance tests• fuel loading and pre-criticality tests of the reactor systems• making the reactor critical and low-power tests• power tests.
STUK controls the testing of a nuclear facility by reviewing the general testing plans and programmes, by watching the tests at the nuclear facility and by reviewing the documents of test results.
The operation of a nuclear power plant is considered to begin when the loading of nuclear fuel into the reactor begins. The reactor loading requires that the Government has granted an operating licence and that STUK has approved the application concerning fuel loading and the reports on the reactor and fuel behaviour in the first operating cycle.
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 41
Pre-operational testing
To ensure that the nuclear facility complies with the regulations applied to it, STUK verifies, in accordance with Section 20 of the Nuclear Energy Act, before the fuel loading that• the documents linked with operation of the facility, referred to in Section 36 of the Nuclear
Energy Decree, are acceptable in all respects• the instruction manuals concerning operation of the facility, including instructions for
accidents and transients, are adequate• the organization operating the nuclear facility is appropriate and adequate• the persons involved in the use of nuclear energy meet the competence requirements• the persons designated as responsible manager for the facility operation and as his/her
deputy have received STUK’s approval• there is a sufficient number of licensed operators at the facility• for operation of the facility, persons who have received STUK’s approval have been
appointed to see to the emergency response arrangements, physical protection and safeguards of nuclear materials
• the commissioning inspections of the facility systems, structures and components have been carried out with acceptable results
• the results of system performance tests are acceptable insofar as it has been possible to perform the testing without the reactor
• pre-service inspections of the structures and components have been completed• physical protection and emergency response arrangements are sufficient• the necessary control to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons has been arranged
appropriately• the licensee of the nuclear facility has arranged indemnification regarding liability in the case
of nuclear damage as prescribed.
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 42
Pre-operational testing
The reactor may be made critical and brought to a higher power level in accordance with the decisions taken by STUK.
When the testing has finished, the holder of the operating licence shall assess the results of the testing as a whole. The testing results shall be used to assess, for instance, whether any changes in the Final Safety Analysis Report and in the operational limits and conditions are needed. On the basis of this assessment, the licensee shall make the necessary changes in the operational limits and conditions and in the Final Safety Analysis Report, and submit them to STUK for approval.
Guide YVL 2.5 deals with regulatory control of the testing of nuclear power plants.
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
Preparation for regulatory oversight of upcoming new build projects
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
STUK’s preparation tasks for new projects (1/2)
• Collecting and analysing OL3 experience and lessons learned – Collecting OL3 experience by interviewing project key
persons– Collection, classification and analyse of OL3 lessons
from different sources• Presenting targets for construction licence review
according to the new STUK YVL guides • Influencing to licence applicants preparation activities
and organisational preparedness• Possible meetings with licence applicants and
vendors concerning plant design, design maturity and siting
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
STUK’s preparation tasks for new projects (2/2)
• Coordinate possible applications, e.g. for material manufacturing before granting the construction license
• Advancing STUK’s oversight activities• Producing specifications for project and requirement
management tools• Planning competence and personnel resources for
new oversight projects• Cooperate with national and international regulatory
bodies and organisations
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 46
Summary, project management
• Oversight of new build, licence renewals and plant modifications can be organised as projects, beneficial when includes – several technical areas– high safety significance– long time schedules (several years)– large amount of resources (several person-months)
• Generic project management models are applicable for also regulatory oversight projects– Project management processes: initiating, planning, executing, monitoring
and control, and closing– Cost management is reduced to human resource management
• Good planning of use of inspection resources is important but sometimes it is difficult to predict the submitted documents and their schedule
-> licensing plan
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 47PVM/NN
Lessons to be learned for New Build
• Regulator need to be well prepared for the project and licensing phases– regulations need to be up-to-date - requirements need to be managed– licensing steps, licensing documentation and regulatory hold points
need to be commonly understood by project parties as well as project schedule and expectations to design completion
– competences and human resources for safety evaluations need to be evaluated and ensured
• TSO support was indispensable for STUK. It was profitable to:– use a limited number of experienced organisations– use organisations that were familiar with design of the plant - but
independent from vendor– focus on the new features.
• Co-operation with other regulators is a good possibility to benchmark requirements, findings and coverage of the review and inspection work.