sabdarupas ajantha color

Kalidasa – Samskrita – Kendram, 18, Sannathi Street, Madurantakam, India

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Reference lesson: AjantXabd$paiNa

Xabd$paiNa Ajantaina (Aca\ + Ant:) Forms of words (words ending with vowels)

Note: In Sanskrit words end with vowels as well as consonants. It is easy to identify them. Kindly read the following :

You may think why should one learn the following tables? Is this important? Is there any other way since I can’t memorise? The answer is yes. It is important to understand the grammar thoroughly. Otherwise you may do mistakes & misunderstand the sloka meaning moreover it will take time to understand the language. It will be difficult to you in the first two formats there after you will find that almost they are similar. There are no prepositions in Sanskrit language and the Sabdarups (tables) are very important to learn. There are 7 prime cases and 8th is extra. The prepositions of the 7 cases as follow. We use those 7 cases to get those prepositions.

1st case Nominative 1, 2, 3 2nd case Accusative Object, to (when the verb is go), towards, about 3rd case Instrumental By, with, through 4th case Dative case For, to (when the verb is give) 5th case Ablative From, than 6th case Possessive Of, ‘s, among 7th case Locative In, on, at, among

Xabd: Ant: Ending letter

Xabd: Ant: Ending letter

dova A vaaca\ ca rmaa Aa gacCt\ t kiva [ ikma\ ma nadI [- td\ d Baanau ] pyasa\ sa vaQaU } naamana\ na iptR ? gaao Aao

glaaO AaO

Write the meaning of

every sabdarup yourself from

page no.5




Read the following Sabdarup. Same method of understanding the meaning should be followed with all sabdarups. (note the suffixes that are added next to the basic words.)

Akarant: puilla=\ga: “baala” Xabd: Forms “Baala” (a boy) sabdarup, masculine and ending with ‘A’

ivaBai>: ekvacanama\ iWvacanama\ bahuvacanama\ Cases Singular Dual Plural p`qamaa baala: baalaaO baalaa:

1st A boy Two boys 3 and many boys iWtIyaa baalama\ baalaaO baalaana\

2nd

A boy is object, To a boy

Towards a boy About a boy

Two boys are object, To two boys

Towards two boys About two boys

Many boys are object, To many boys

Towards many boys About many boys

tRtIyaa baalaona baalaaByaama\ baalaO:

3rd By a boy, with a boy

through a boy

By two boys, with two boys

through two boys

By many boys, With many boys

Through many boys catuqaI- baalaaya baalaaByaama\ baalaoBya:

4th For a boy, To a boy.

For two boys, To two boys.

For many boys To many boys

pHcamaI baalaat\ baalaaByaama\ baalaoBya: 5th From a boy

Than a boy From two boys Than two boys

From many boys Than many boys

YaYzI baalasya baalayaao: baalaanaama\

6th Of a boy, Boy’s

Of two boys, Boys’

Among two boys

Of many boys, Boys’

Among many boys saPtmaI baalao baalayaao: baalaoYau

7th In a boy On a boy At a boy

In two boys On two boys At two boys

Among two boys

In many boys On many boys At many boys

Among many boys sambaaoQanama\ ho baala ho baalaaO ho baalaa:

Exclamatory Oh boy! Oh two boys! Oh many boys! evama\ (like above) dova nar pva-t ipk kRYNa rama gaaopala Xa=\kr makr maIna saut pu~ naRp Anala Ainala vaRxa Kga caaor kak mayaUr vaayasa gaja sap- manauYya bak Aadya: (etc.)




Aakarant: s~Iila=\ga: “lata” Xabd: Forms of “latha” (a girl called Latha or a creeper) sabdarup, feminnine and ending with ‘Aa’ ivaBai>: ekvacanama\ iWvacanama\ bahuvacanama\ Cases Singular Dual Plural p`qamaa lata lato lata:

1st A girl called latha Two lathas 3 and many lathas iWtIyaa latama\ lato lata:

2nd

A latha is object, To latha

Towards a latha About a latha

Two lathas are object, To two lathas

Towards two lathas About two lathas

Many lathas are object, To many lathas

Towards many lathas About many lathas

tRtIyaa latyaa lataByaama\ lataiBa:

3rd By a latha, with a latha

through a latha

By two lathas, with two lathas

through two lathas

By many lathas, With many lathas

Through many lathas catuqaI- latayaO lataByaama\ lataBya:

4th For a latha, To a latha.

For two lathas, To two lathas.

For many lathas To many lathas

pHcamaI latayaa: lataByaama\ lataBya: 5th From a latha

Than a latha From two lathas Than two lathas

From many lathas Than many lathas

YaYzI latayaa: latyaao: latanaama\

6th Of a latha, Latha’s

Of two lathas, lathas’

Among two lathas

Of many lathas, lathas’

Among many lathas saPtmaI latayaama\ latyaao: latasau

7th In a latha On a latha At a latha

In two lathas On two lathas At two lathas

Among two lathas

In many lathas On many lathas At many lathas

Among many lathas sambaaoQanama\ ho lato ho lato ho lata:

Exclamatory Oh latha! Oh two lathas! Oh many lathas! evama\ (like above) Baayaa- kanta rmaa maalaa baalaa p`jaa klaa idXaa rsanaa p`Baa AaXaa vasauQaa paduka roKa ivaVa vasaunQara dovata pazXaalaa inaXaa ip`ya=\ka jyaao%snaa Aip-ta Aadya: (etc.)




[karant: puilla=\ga: “kiva” Xabd: Forms of “Kavi” (a poet) sabdarup, masculine and ending with ‘[’

ivaBai>: ekvacanama\ iWvacanama\ bahuvacanama\ Cases Singular Dual Plural p`qamaa kiva: kvaI kvaya:

1st A poet Two poets 3 and many poets iWtIyaa kivama\ kvaI kvaIna\

2nd

A poet is object, To poet

Towards a poet About a poet

Two poets are object, To two poets

Towards two poets About two poets

Many poets are object, To many poets

Towards many poets About many poets

tRtIyaa kivanaa kivaByaama\ kivaiBa:

3rd By a poet, with a poet

through a poet.

By two poets, with two poets

through two poets

By many poets, With many poets

Through many poets catuqaI- kvayao kivaByaama\ kivaBya:

4th For a poet, To a poet.

For two poets, To two poets.

For many poets To many poets

pHcamaI kvao: kivaByaama\ kivaBya: 5th From a poet

Than a poet From two poets Than two poets

From many poets Than many poets

YaYzI kvao: kvyaao: kvaInaama\

6th Of a poet, Poet’s

Of two poets, poets’

Among two poets

Of many poets, poets’

Among many poets saPtmaI kvaaO kvyaao: kivaYau

7th In a poet On a poet At a poet

In two poets On two poets At two poets

Among two poets

In many poets On many poets At many poets

Among many poets sambaaoQanama\ ho kvao ho kvaI ho kvaya:

Exclamatory Oh poet! Oh two poets! Oh many poets! evama\ (like above) puilla=\gao mauina ivaiQa EaIpit saariqa ?iYa kip paiNa vyaaiQa AaOYaiQa Aid` inaiQa igair jalaiQa pyaaoiQa pit Aadya: (etc.)




[-karant: s~Iila=\ga: “nadI” Xabd:

Forms of “nadii” (a river) sabdarup, feminine and ending with ‘[-’ ivaBai>: ekvacanama\ iWvacanama\ bahuvacanama\ Cases Singular Dual Plural p`qamaa nadI naVaO naV:

1st A river Two ------------ 3 and many ----------- iWtIyaa nadIma\ naVaO nadI:

2nd

A ---------- is object, To a -------------

Towards a ---------- About a ------------

Two ------- are object, To two ------------

Towards two --------- About two ------------

Many ------- are object, To many ------------

Towards many --------- About many ------------

tRtIyaa naVa nadIByaama\ nadIiBa:

3rd By a ------------, with a ------------

through a -----------

By two --------------, with two ------------

through two ----------

By many ---------, With many ---------

Through many -------- catuqaI- naVO nadIByaama\ nadIBya:

4th For a --------------, To a ------------.

For two --------------, To two ------------.

For many ----------- To many ----------

pHcamaI naVa: nadIByaama\ nadIBya: 5th From a ------------

Than a ----------- From two ----------- Than two ----------

From many ---------- Than many --------

YaYzI naVa: naVao: nadInaama\

6th Of a --------------, --------------‘s

Of two ------------, ------------------’

Among two -----------

Of many -----------, ----------------’

Among many ----------- saPtmaI naVama\ naVao: nadIYau

7th In a -----------

On a ------------ At a --------------

In two ----------- On two ------------- At two -------------

Among two -----------

In many ------------- On many ----------

At many -------------- Among many ----------

sambaaoQanama\ ho naid ho naVaO ho naV: Exclamatory Oh -------------! Oh two -------------! Oh many --------------! evama\ (like above) gaaOrI pava-tI laxmaI BavaanaI sauKI ivaduYaI EaoNaI QaI jananaI mahI BaiganaI QarNaI pRiqavaI naTI p%naI EaI Aadya: (etc.)




]karant: puilla=\ga: “Baanau” Xabd: Forms of “Bhanu” (the sun) sabdarup, masculine and ending with ‘]’

ivaBai>: ekvacanama\ iWvacanama\ bahuvacanama\ Cases Singular Dual Plural p`qamaa Baanau: BaanaU Baanava:

1st A river Two ------------ 3 and many ----------- iWtIyaa Baanauma\ BaanaU BaanaUna\

2nd

A ---------- is object, To a -------------

Towards a ---------- About a ------------





tRtIyaa Baanaunaa BaanauByaama\ BaanauiBa:

3rd By a ------------, with a ------------

through a -----------

By two --------------, with two ------------


By many ---------, With many ---------

Through many -------- catuqaI- Baanavao BaanauByaama\ BaanauBya:

4th For a --------------, To a ------------.

For two --------------, To two ------------.

For many ----------- To many ----------

pHcamaI Baanaao: BaanauByaama\ BaanauBya: 5th From a ------------



YaYzI Baanaao: Baanvaao: BaanaUnaama\

6th Of a --------------, --------------‘s

Of two ------------, ------------------’

Among two -----------

Of many -----------, ----------------’

Among many ----------- saPtmaI BaanaaO Baanvaao: BaanauYau

7th In a -----------

On a ------------ At a --------------


Among two -----------

In many ------------- On many ----------


sambaaoQanama\ ho Baanaao ho BaanaU ho Baanava: Exclamatory Oh -------------! Oh two -------------! Oh many --------------! evama\ (like above) iXaXau ivaYNau gau$ irpu XamBau banQau saUnau pXau Xa~u saaQau t$ sauQaaMXau kRXaanau [ndu baahu isanQau ?tu ibandu vaayau prXau Aadya: (etc.)




}karant: s~Iila=\ga: “vaQaU” Xabd: Forms of “Vadhuu” (the bride) sabdarup, feminine and ending with ‘}’

ivaBai>: ekvacanama\ iWvacanama\ bahuvacanama\ Cases Singular Dual Plural p`qamaa vaQaU: vaQvaaO vaQva:

1st A river Two ------------ 3 and many ----------- iWtIyaa vaQaUma\ vaQvaaO vaQaU:

2nd

A ---------- is object, To a -------------

Towards a ---------- About a ------------





tRtIyaa vaQvaa vaQaUByaama\ vaQaUiBa:

3rd By a ------------, with a ------------

through a -----------

By two --------------, with two ------------


By many ---------, With many ---------

Through many -------- catuqaI- vaQvaO vaQaUByaama\ vaQaUBya:

4th For a --------------, To a ------------.

For two --------------, To two ------------.

For many ----------- To many ----------

pHcamaI vaQvaa: vaQaUByaama\ vaQaUBya: 5th From a ------------



YaYzI vaQvaa: vaQvaao: vaQaUnaama\

6th Of a --------------, --------------‘s

Of two ------------, ------------------’

Among two -----------

Of many -----------, ----------------’

Among many ----------- saPtmaI vaQvaama\ vaQvaao: vaQauYau

7th In a -----------

On a ------------ At a --------------


Among two -----------

In many ------------- On many ----------


sambaaoQanama\ ho vaQau ho vaQvaaO ho vaQva: Exclamatory Oh -------------! Oh two -------------! Oh many --------------! evama\ (like above) BaU jambaU XvaEaU Aadya: (etc.)




?karant: puilla=\ga: “iptR” Xabd: Forms of “Pithr” (father) sabdarup, feminnine and ending with ‘?’

ivaBai>: ekvacanama\ iWvacanama\ bahuvacanama\ Cases Singular Dual Plural p`qamaa ipta iptraO iptr:

1st A river Two ------------ 3 and many ----------- iWtIyaa iptrma\ iptraO *

2nd

A ---------- is object, To a -------------

Towards a ---------- About a ------------





tRtIyaa ip~a iptRByaama\ iptRiBa:

3rd By a ------------, with a ------------

through a -----------

By two --------------, with two ------------


By many ---------, With many ---------

Through many -------- catuqaI- ip~o iptRByaama\ iptRBya:

4th For a --------------, To a ------------.

For two --------------, To two ------------.

For many ----------- To many ----------

pHcamaI iptu: iptRByaama\ iptRBya: 5th From a ------------



YaYzI iptu: ip~ao: iptRnaama\

6th Of a --------------, --------------‘s

Of two ------------, ------------------’

Among two -----------

Of many -----------, ----------------’

Among many ----------- saPtmaI iptir ip~ao: iptRYau

7th In a -----------

On a ------------ At a --------------


Among two -----------

In many ------------- On many ----------


sambaaoQanama\ ho ipt: ho iptraO ho iptr: Exclamatory Oh -------------! Oh two -------------! Oh many --------------! evama\ (like above) puilla=\gao iptR naotR Ba`atR jaamaatR BatR- rcaiyatR s~Iila=\gao maatR svasaR nanaantR Aadya: (etc.)

‘’ is special character. In feminine words the ending na\ will be dropped and : (visarga) will be added.

*iptna\




Aaokarant: “gaao” Xabd:

Forms of “Go” (a cow) sabdarup, feminine and ending with ‘Aao’ ivaBai>: ekvacanama\ iWvacanama\ bahuvacanama\ Cases Singular Dual Plural p`qamaa gaaO: gaavaaO gaava:

1st A river Two ------------ 3 and many ----------- iWtIyaa gaama\ gaavaaO gaava: gaa:

2nd

A ---------- is object, To a -------------

Towards a ---------- About a ------------





tRtIyaa gavaa gaaoByaama\ gaaoiBa:

3rd By a ------------, with a ------------

through a -----------

By two --------------, with two ------------


By many ---------, With many ---------

Through many -------- catuqaI- gavao gaaoByaama\ gaaoBya:

4th For a --------------, To a ------------.

For two --------------, To two ------------.

For many ----------- To many ----------

pHcamaI gaao: gaaoByaama\ gaaoBya: 5th From a ------------



YaYzI gaao: gavaao: gavaama\

6th Of a --------------, --------------‘s

Of two ------------, ------------------’

Among two -----------

Of many -----------, ----------------’

Among many ----------- saPtmaI gaiva gavaao: gaaoYau

7th In a -----------

On a ------------ At a --------------


Among two -----------

In many ------------- On many ----------


sambaaoQanama\ ho gaaO: ho gaavaaO ho gaava: Exclamatory Oh -------------! Oh two -------------! Oh many --------------!

Lessons are prepared and published on behalf of Kalidasa-Samskrita-Kendram Trust, Madurantakam by V.C. Govindarajan. Your feedback to [email protected] or [email protected]

by Kalidasa-Samskrita-Kendram, Madurantakam




Previous lessons are available (word format) in the following links.

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/kalidasa/files/ and

http://www/geocities.com/vcgrajan/kendram.html Next lesson: Lesson 17 : Ablative 5th case ( Apadanakarkma\ ) Remaining sabdarups (ending with consonants and pronoun) will be sent later. Kindly practice the above without fail.

sabdarupas ajantha color

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