s5 carbon nanotubes
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
1/56
Carbon NanotubesTeam S5
Laura YoungTrevor Seidel
Pradip Rijal
Jason Savatsky
http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/node/2435
http://onorbit.com/node/825
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
2/56
What Are They?
Allotropes ofcarbon with a
cylindrical structure Can be capped onthe ends withbuckyballs or open
ended Composed entirelyof sp2 bonds
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
3/56
Why Should We Care?
Unique properties
Material of the future
Seemingly infiniteapplications
Possible health issues
http://www-ibmc.u-strasbg.fr/ict/images/CNT_Peptide.jpg
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
4/56
Properties
132,000,000:1 Length-To-Diameter Ratio
Diameter of 3 to 9 nm
Lengths in the millimeter
range Efficient electrical conductors
Can act as both thermalconductors and thermalinsulators
http://brent.kearneys.ca/wp-content/uploads/2006/05/carbon_nanotube.jpg
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
5/56
Strength
SWNT compared to some common materials
Youngs
Modulus*
TensileStreng
th* Density*
Steel 5 30 0.167
Kevlar 10 3 0.9
Rubber 10,000 700
Polypropylene
500 500 1.5
Glass 750 220 0.5
*Values = (Carbon Nanotube Property) / (MaterialProperty)
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
6/56
Reactivity
Flourination
Diazonium saltaddition
Possible catalyst http://static.newworldencyclopedia.org/thumb/a/ac/Diazonium.svg/180px-Diazonium.svg.png
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
7/56
Toxicity
Research is still in theearly stages
In rodents, carbon
nanotubes have beenfound to cause severallung issues
The needle-like shape
of the fibers is similarto that of asbestos http://www.phy.mtu.edu/newsletter/research/FatNanotubes.jpg
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
8/56
Single-Wall Nanotube (SWNT)
Armchair Zig-Zag
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
9/56
Multi-Walled Nanotubes (MWNT)
Multiple rolled layers
of graphene sheets More resistant to
chemical changesthan SWNTs
http://www.siemens.com/innovation/en/about_fande/corp_technology/partnerships_experts/uc_berkeley.htm
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
10/56
Four Ways to SynthesizeCarbon Nanotubes
Arc Discharge
Laser Ablation
Chemical VaporDeposition (CVD)
Ball Milling
http://students.chem.tue.nl/ifp03/synthesis.html
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
11/56
Arc Discharge
A direct current creates ahigh temperature discharge
between two electrodes Atmosphere is composed of
inert gas at a low pressure
Originally used to make C60fullerenes
Cobalt is a popular catalyst
Typical yield is 30-90%http://lnnme.epfl.ch/page80437.html
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
12/56
Arc Discharge
Advantages
Simple procedure
High quality product
Inexpensive
Disadvantages
Requires further purification
Tubes tend to be short withrandom sizes
http://www.mfa.kfki.hu/int/nano/results/arc.html
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
13/56
Laser Ablation
Discovered in 1995 at RiceUniversity
Vaporizes graphite at 1200 C
Helium or argon gas
A hot vapor plume forms andexpands and cools rapidly
Carbon molecules condense toform large clusters
Similar to arc discharge Yield of up to 70%
http://students.chem.tue.nl/ifp03/synthesis.html
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
14/56
Types of Laser Ablation
Pulsed
Much higher lightintensity (100
kW/cm2) Continuous Much lower light
intensity (12kW/cm2)
http://www.goalfinder.com/product.asp?productid=112
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
15/56
Ultra Fast-pulsed Laser Ablation
http://students.chem.tue.nl/ifp03/synthesis.html
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
16/56
Laser Ablation
Advantages
Good diameter control
Few defects
Pure product
Disadvantages
Expensive because oflasers and high
powered equipment
http://www.gsiglasers.com/MarketSectors.aspx?page=56
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
17/56
Chemical Vapor Deposition
Carbon is in the gas phase
Energy source transfers
energy to carbon molecule Common Carbon Gases
Methane
Carbon monoxide
Acetylenehttp://neurophilosophy.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/multiwall
-large.jpg
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
18/56
After energy transfer, thecarbon molecule binds tothe substrate
Temperature between 650
900 C Yield is usually about 30%
One of the most commonmethods of carbon nanotubesynthesis
Chemical Vapor Deposition
http://nanoscale-materials-and-nanotechnolog.blogspot.com/2007_04_13_archive.html
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
19/56
Chemical Vapor Deposition
Advantages
Disadvantages
Easy to increase scale to
industrial production Large length
Simple to perform
Pure product
http://endomoribu.shinshu-u.ac.jp/research/cnt/images/cat_cnt.jpg
Defects are common
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
20/56
Ball Milling
Powder graphite isplaced in a stainlesssteel container
Argon gas is used
Process occurs atroom temperature
Powder is thenannealed
http://www.rsphysse.anu.edu.au/nanotube/
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
21/56
Combining Ball Milling and VaporDeposition
Arkema Francedeveloped the
process Process generates
the highest carbonpurity
Products haveimproved dispersion
http://nanopatentsandinnovations.blogspot.com/2009/12/arkema-combines-ball-milling-with-vapor.html
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
22/56
Electrical Field emission in vacuum
electronics Application in electrodes,
capacitors
Energy storage Lithium batteries Hydrogen storage
Biological sensors AFM tips DNA sequencing
Applications
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
23/56
Electrical Application: FEDField Emission Display ( FED)- Uses electron beam to produce
color images (FED)- Traditionally cathode ray tubes
are used but recently more focuson using carbon nanotubes
- NASA is researching this
technology to use in spaceexploration
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
24/56
Energy Storage: Lithium batteries
Nanotubes have the highest reversiblecapacity of any carbon material for use inLithium ion batteries
Nanotubes have intrinsic characteristicsdesired in material used as electrodes inbatteries and capacitors
Nanotubes are outstanding materials forsuper capacitor electrodes
They also have a number of propertiesincluding high surface area and thermalconductivity that make them useful aselectrode catalyst supports in PolymerElectrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
25/56
Energy storage: Hydrogen storage
Single-walled carbonNanotubes can storehydrogen
Nano tube technology will
meet the challenge of storinghydrogen and releasing themadequately in hydrogen fuelcar in future
Physisorption and
chemisorption e mechanismsused for hydrogen storage incarbon nanotubes
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
26/56
Biological applications: sensing
Many spherical Nano-particles have beenfabricated for biological applications.
Nanotubes offer some advantages relative to
Nano-particles by the following aspects:1. Larger inner volumes can be filled with chemical or biological
species.
2. Open mouths of Nano tubes make the inner surface accessible.
3. Distinct inner and outer surface can be modified separately.
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
27/56
Biological applications: AFM tips
Resolution of ~ 12nm is achieved
Carbon nanotubes as AFM probe tips:1. Small diameter maximum resolution
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
28/56
Biological applications: DNAsequencing
Nanotubes fit intothe grove of theDNA strand
Apply voltage
across CNT,different DNAbase-pairs giverise to differentcurrent signals
With multipleCNT, it is possibleto do parallel fastDNA sequencing
Top view and side view of theassembled CNT-DNA system
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
29/56
Paper battery
Could easily be mistaken fora sheet of black paper
Functions as both a lithium-
ion battery and asupercapacitor
Lightweight, thin, flexible
Can function at a wide rangeof temperatures
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
30/56
Nanotube speakers
Thin carbonnanotube filmscan act asspeakers
New generation ofcheap, flatspeakers
Transparent,flexible,stretchable, andmagnet free
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
31/56
Artificial muscles
Aerogels made from carbon nanotubes (CNTs) canserve as electrically powered artificial muscles
Sheet becomes 220% wider and thicker when voltage
is applied
Flexes about 3 orders of magnitude faster andgenerates more than 30 times the force than humanmuscles of the same size
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
32/56
Nanotube thermocell uses multiwalled
carbon nanotubes aselectrodes
3 times efficient than
conventional Converts waste heat
from industrial plants,pipelines into
electricity
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
33/56
Nanotube Catalysts
Carbon nanotubesdoped with Nitrogen
Reduce oxygen more
effectively thanplatinum catalysts
Not susceptible tocarbon monoxide
poisoning, known todeactive platinumcatalysts
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
34/56
In Conclusion
There are many unique properties
Further investigation of toxicity is needed
There are many ways to synthesize
Method of synthesis depends on financialneeds and amount of product desired
There are many exciting applications of
carbon nanotubes
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
35/56
Questions?
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
36/56
References
www.ece.rochester.edu/courses/ECE580/docs/Nanotubes_Fu.ppt
www.ece.rochester.edu/courses/ECE580/docs/Nanotubes_Fu.ppt
http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=4154.php
http://www.azonano.com/details.asp?ArticleID=980#_Energy_Storage
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6THY-493PC9C-
1&_user=952835&_coverDate=12/30/2003&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1231942804&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000049198&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=952835&md5=03c5f21cb002be312d9fc81685b8914b
http://www.icdd.com/resources/axa/vol47/v47_33.pdf
http://lnnme.epfl.ch/page80437.html
http://students.chem.tue.nl/ifp03/synthesis.html
http://www.azonano.com/details.asp?ArticleID=1561
http://nanopatentsandinnovations.blogspot.com/2009/12/arkema-combines-ball-mill
http://www.ece.rochester.edu/courses/ECE580/docs/Nanotubes_Fu.ppthttp://www.ece.rochester.edu/courses/ECE580/docs/Nanotubes_Fu.ppthttp://www.ece.rochester.edu/courses/ECE580/docs/Nanotubes_Fu.ppthttp://www.ece.rochester.edu/courses/ECE580/docs/Nanotubes_Fu.ppthttp://www.ece.rochester.edu/courses/ECE580/docs/Nanotubes_Fu.ppthttp://www.ece.rochester.edu/courses/ECE580/docs/Nanotubes_Fu.ppthttp://www.ece.rochester.edu/courses/ECE580/docs/Nanotubes_Fu.ppthttp://www.ece.rochester.edu/courses/ECE580/docs/Nanotubes_Fu.ppthttp://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=4154.phphttp://www.azonano.com/details.asp?ArticleID=980http://lnnme.epfl.ch/page80437.htmlhttp://students.chem.tue.nl/ifp03/synthesis.htmlhttp://www.azonano.com/details.asp?ArticleID=1561http://nanopatentsandinnovations.blogspot.com/2009/12/arkema-combines-ball-milling-with-vapor.htmlhttp://nanopatentsandinnovations.blogspot.com/2009/12/arkema-combines-ball-milling-with-vapor.htmlhttp://www.azonano.com/details.asp?ArticleID=1561http://students.chem.tue.nl/ifp03/synthesis.htmlhttp://lnnme.epfl.ch/page80437.htmlhttp://www.azonano.com/details.asp?ArticleID=980http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=4154.phphttp://www.ece.rochester.edu/courses/ECE580/docs/Nanotubes_Fu.ppthttp://www.ece.rochester.edu/courses/ECE580/docs/Nanotubes_Fu.ppthttp://www.ece.rochester.edu/courses/ECE580/docs/Nanotubes_Fu.ppthttp://www.ece.rochester.edu/courses/ECE580/docs/Nanotubes_Fu.ppthttp://www.ece.rochester.edu/courses/ECE580/docs/Nanotubes_Fu.ppthttp://www.ece.rochester.edu/courses/ECE580/docs/Nanotubes_Fu.ppthttp://www.ece.rochester.edu/courses/ECE580/docs/Nanotubes_Fu.ppthttp://www.ece.rochester.edu/courses/ECE580/docs/Nanotubes_Fu.ppt -
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
37/56
Group S5Carbon Nanotubes
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
38/56
S5 presentation 1 rebuttal
S5 agrees with the criticism made for the most part. Our approach was to briefly touch variousproperties of nanotubes such as reactivity and talk in detail about the application of nanotubes, sosome of the slides may have little reference to the topic. We as a group feel that we should not haveused filler words. Few slides in the second of the presentation were prepared by Pradip but he wasunable to present the materials so we decided put few more words in those slides to help the speakerpresent slides prepared by him. Jason could have put more effort into his slides and rehearsed hispart. The group should have taken more time to explain some of the charts and graphs. We didinclude the sources of graphics in the Literature Cited section but forgot to cite each graphic
towards the end of the presentation.
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
39/56
Group 1 Evaluation of
Group 5Presentation:
Carbon Nanotubes
By Group 5
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
40/56
The introduction was very solid Good information was presented
Initial animated graphics quickly grabbed theaudiences attention
The first half of the presentation used slidesthat were easy to read and follow.
Showing the summary charts of the positiveand negative processes for creating carbon
nanotubes was helpful as a quickcomparison guide.
Positive Notes
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
41/56
Each of the speakers, especially the third,used too many filler words, such as um.
The third speaker was clearly nervous infront of the audience. It made hispresentation very dry, uninteresting, anddetracted from the first two presenters.
The text used in second half of the
presentation began to get crowded. Moreslides with fewer words per slide wouldvebeen helpful.
Opportunities for Improvement
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
42/56
Slides (19/20)
Well designed, but very basic in appearance. Educational Value (20/20)
A lot of research was presented in a very clear andunderstandable manner about a new field.
Graphics (19/20)
Use of 3-D animation was great Made presentation more enjoyable
But replace a few pictures with diagrams
Oral presentation (16/20) 1st speaker did well
3rd speaker was extremely nervous and unprepared Group Analysis of Research (20/20)
It was evident that plenty of research was done to give a verythorough presentation.
Overall (94/100)
Grade
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
43/56
Group S2
Review of Carbon TubesChris Heflin
Rachael HoukMichael Jones
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
44/56
Positives
The first two speakers spoke clearlyand eloquently.
The slides had both pictures andwords, with graphics providing goodinsight into the intricacies of theprocess.
The group was well prepared andanswered questions well.
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
45/56
Negatives
The third speaker read his materialdirectly off of the slide the vast majorityof the time. Also, almost every sentence
contained an Um The second speaker spoke quickly and
moved swiftly through the slides, she
could have elaborated more andallowed more time for the material tosink in.
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
46/56
Group S3
Review of S5Carbon Nanotubes
James Kancewick
Michael KoettingBradford Lamb
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
47/56
Positives
The introduction to the topic was simple andeasy to understand, while providing enoughbackground to follow the presentation.
The slides appeared well-made and did notpresent too much information at any onetime.
The first two speakers did a good jobspeaking on their respective topics and wereeasy to follow.
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
48/56
Areas for Improvement
The third speaker appeared unrehearsed andmostly read off the slides in an uninspiredmanner. More rehearsal would have helpedimprove the presentation greatly.
The comments about safety needed some sort ofresearch information to back up the concerns.
Sometimes the presentation was moved along a
little too quickly, especially with charts andgraphs.
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
49/56
S4 Review of S5 Presentation
Group S4
REVIEW of Carbon-Nanotubes
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
50/56
Things Done Well
Did a good job of defining any technical terms usedthroughout the presentation.
Had a nice basic informative introduction that
allowed the audience to follow along in thepresentation.
Did an excellent job of explaining graphics.
Laura and Travis had good eye contact andprojection.
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
51/56
Things to Improve On
Graphics in the first half of presentation hadcitations, but toward the end of presentation there
were absolutely no citations for the graphics used.
What article were you critiquing?Some slides were too wordy, but overall most of the
slides had a nice layout.
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
52/56
Things To improve On
Jason- Your part of the presentation contained themost interesting topics, but you were so nervous thatit was hard to follow along..Relax! Have confidencein what you are going to say and look up.
Laura- use a transition or at least a statement tointroduce new slides; you just read the title of theslide and proceeded to talk about the body of the
slide.
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
53/56
Group S6REVIEW of Carbon-Nanotubes
John BaumhardtDaniel Arnold
Michael TrevathanMichael Tran
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
54/56
Review Good color scheme for a professional presentation;
however, formatting on each slide was not consistent(text sizing and bullet use).
The presentation went into impressive detail on thesynthesis of nanotubes. There is too much text on
the application slides. Most of the group spoke very well. We would
recommend that the last speaker work on his publicspeaking. Public speaking is not learned over night,and is an important skill to possess.
Overall, it was a very interesting in the presentation.
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
55/56
Critique of Information
During the presentation, we would have liked to havethe information on the strength of nanotubes (slide 5)explained more thoroughly. The slide was changedbefore we realized the numbers given were ratios.
There should have been a slide concluding all of the
types of synthesizing nanotubes. Comparing andcontrasting the multiple methods would have helped tiethe information together.
When presented with the multiple applications thatcarbon nanotubes have, it was hard to determine whichones were practical, and in what timeframe we wouldexpect to see them in use.
The slide on reactivity did not add anything to thepresentation and was not tied in to the overallpresentation.
-
7/28/2019 S5 Carbon Nanotubes
56/56
Critique (continued)
Our main concerns are that:
There was not any real connections between each of thesynthesis methods (compare and contrast).
No timetable or discussion on the practicality of nanotube
application. Information was not always tied into the topic.
Extraneous information was given.
It is clear that this group extensively researchedtheir topic, and concise organization of the material
would have served to emphasize this aspect to agreater extent.