s47564a03636 - gcse & a-level revision and past papers

Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield) Sample Assessment Materials – Issue 1 – December 2014 © Pearson Education Limited 2014

9936

*S47564A03636*

Analyse the data to discuss possible correlation and causation in the relationship between the incidence of type 2 diabetes and the level of weekly exercise.

(4)

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Total for Question 10 = 17 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 100 mARKS

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Bio

log

y A

Pap

er 2

Mar

k S

chem

e Q

uest

ion

Num

ber

Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

M

ark

1(a

) •

Idea

tha

t {c

ell b

ody

/ ce

ntro

n} in

mid

dle

/ de

ndri

tes

at

both

end

s (1

)

(1)

Que

stio

n N

umbe

r Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

M

ark

1(b

) An

expl

anat

ion

that

mak

es r

efer

ence

to

five

of t

he f

ollo

win

g:

• re

fere

nce

to S

chw

ann

cells

cov

erin

g th

e ax

on in

mye

linat

ed

neur

one

(1)

•

{mye

lin/S

chw

ann

cells

} pr

ovid

e in

sula

tion

(1)

•

{act

ion

pote

ntia

l/de

pola

risi

on}

at n

odes

of

Ran

vier

(1)

•

loca

l cur

rent

s oc

cur

over

a lo

nger

dis

tanc

e (1

) •

refe

renc

e to

sal

tato

ry c

ondu

ctio

n (1

) •

impu

lse

jum

ps f

rom

nod

e to

nod

e (1

)

(5

) (T

otal

for

Que

stio

n 1

= 6

mar

ks)


100

Que

stio

n N

umbe

r Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

M

ark

2(a

) B

(1

) Q

uest

ion

Num

ber

Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

M

ark

2(b

) An

expl

anat

ion

that

mak

es r

efer

ence

to

thre

e of

the

fol

low

ing:

•

MR

I gi

ves

bett

er r

esol

utio

n (1

)

• th

eref

ore

mor

e de

tail

can

be s

een

(1)

• no

use

of

X–r

ays

(1)

• th

eref

ore

{saf

er /

less

ris

k of

mut

atio

n /

eq}

(1)

• th

eref

ore

can

be u

sed

mor

e of

ten

(1)

(3

) Q

uest

ion

Num

ber

Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

M

ark

2(c

)

An

expl

anat

ion

that

mak

es r

efer

ence

to

the

follo

win

g:

• in

crea

sed

neur

al a

ctiv

ity

of {

cere

bellu

m /

cer

ebru

m}

(1)

• m

ore

oxyg

en n

eede

d so

incr

ease

in {

bloo

d flo

w /

ox

yhae

mog

lobi

n} (

1)

• le

ss {

radi

o w

ave

/ si

gnal

} ab

sorb

ed (

1)

(3

) (T

otal

for

Que

stio

n 2

= 7

mar

ks)


101

Que

stio

n N

umbe

r Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

M

ark

3(a

) 17

.0 ÷

140

(1)

=

121.

43 c

m3

(1)

(2

) Q

uest

ion

Num

ber

Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

M

ark

3(b

)(i)

An

expl

anat

ion

that

sho

ws

elem

ents

of

reas

onin

g /j

ustific

atio

n in

the

for

m o

f a

linke

d re

spon

se f

rom

the

fol

low

ing

poin

ts:

• th

e hi

gher

pre

ssur

e is

in t

he le

ft v

entr

icle

/ lo

wer

pre

ssur

e is

in t

he r

ight

ven

tric

le (

1)

•

beca

use

the

left

ven

tric

le h

as m

ore

mus

cle

(1)

• be

caus

e it n

eeds

a h

ighe

r pr

essu

re t

o ge

t bl

ood

thro

ugh

the

aort

a to

the

bod

y (e

xcep

t lu

ngs)

(1)

Allo

w a

ppro

pria

te s

truc

tura

l co

nseq

uent

ial c

omm

ents

for

rig

ht

vent

ricl

e.

(3)

Que

stio

n N

umbe

r Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

M

ark

3(b

)(ii

) D

(1)

(Tot

al f

or Q

uest

ion

3 =

6 m

arks

)


102

Que

stio

n N

umbe

r Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

M

ark

4(a

)

B

(1

) Q

uest

ion

Num

ber

Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

M

ark

4(b

)

D

(1

) Q

uest

ion

Num

ber

Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

M

ark

4(c

) B

(1

) Q

uest

ion

Num

ber

Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

M

ark

4(d

)(i)

B

(1

)


103

Que

stio

n N

umbe

r In

dica

tive

con

tent

*4

(d)(

ii)

Ans

wer

s w

ill b

e cr

edited

acc

ordi

ng t

o ca

ndid

ate'

s de

ploy

men

t of

kno

wle

dge

and

unde

rsta

ndin

g of

the

mat

eria

l in

rela

tion

to

the

qual

itie

s an

d sk

ills

outlin

ed in

the

gen

eric

mar

k sc

hem

e.

The

indi

cative

con

tent

bel

ow is

not

pre

scri

ptiv

e an

d ca

ndid

ates

are

not

req

uire

d to

incl

ude

all t

he m

ater

ial w

hich

is

indi

cate

d as

rel

evan

t. A

dditio

nal c

onte

nt in

clud

ed in

the

res

pons

e m

ust

be s

cien

tific

and

rel

evan

t.

An

expl

anat

ion

that

mak

es r

efer

ence

to

the

follo

win

g:

• cy

anid

e in

hibi

ts c

ytoc

hrom

e ox

idas

e so

it c

an n

o lo

nger

acc

ept

elec

tron

s •

elec

tron

s st

op m

ovin

g al

ong

the

elec

tron

tra

nspo

rt c

hain

•

so n

o m

ovem

ent

of h

ydro

gen

ions

into

inte

rmem

bran

e sp

ace

•

so n

o m

ovem

ent

of p

roto

ns d

own

grad

ient

/ n

o ch

emio

smos

is

• N

AD

H/F

AD

H c

an n

o lo

nger

giv

e up

ele

ctro

ns a

nd r

egen

erat

e N

AD

/FAD

so

Kre

bs c

ycle

sto

ps

•

so n

o pr

oduc

tion

of

ATP

fro

m K

rebs

cyc

le o

r el

ectr

on t

rans

port

cha

in

• so

cel

lula

r pr

oces

ses

have

no

ener

gy s

ourc

e /

refe

renc

e to

nam

ed m

uscl

e co

ntra

ctio

n e.

g. h

eart

mus

cle

bein

g pr

even

ted

Leve

l M

ark

Des

crip

tor

0

No

awar

dabl

e co

nten

t Le

vel

1

1-2

Dem

onst

rate

s is

olat

ed e

lem

ents

of

biol

ogic

al k

now

ledg

e an

d un

ders

tand

ing

to t

he g

iven

con

text

with

gene

ralis

ed c

omm

ents

mad

e.

The

expl

anat

ion

will

con

tain

bas

ic in

form

atio

n w

ith

som

e at

tem

pt m

ade

to li

nk k

now

ledg

e an

d un

ders

tand

ing

to t

he g

iven

con

text

.

Leve

l 2

3-

4 D

emon

stra

tes

adeq

uate

kno

wle

dge

and

unde

rsta

ndin

g by

sel

ecting

and

app

lyin

g so

me

rele

vant

bio

logi

cal

fact

s/co

ncep

ts t

o pr

ovid

e th

e ex

plan

atio

n be

ing

pres

ente

d.

Line

s of

arg

umen

t oc

casi

onal

ly s

uppo

rted

thr

ough

the

app

licat

ion

of r

elev

ant

evid

ence

(sc

ient

ific

idea

s,

proc

esse

s, t

echn

ique

s an

d pr

oced

ures

).

The

expl

anat

ion

show

s so

me

linka

ges

and

lines

of

reas

onin

g w

ith

som

e st

ruct

ure.


104

Leve

l 3

5-

6 D

emon

stra

tes

com

preh

ensi

ve k

now

ledg

e an

d un

ders

tand

ing

by s

elec

ting

and

app

lyin

g re

leva

nt

know

ledg

e of

bio

logi

cal f

acts

/con

cept

s to

pro

vide

the

exp

lana

tion

bei

ng p

rese

nted

. L i

ne(s

) of

arg

umen

t su

ppor

ted

thro

ugho

ut b

y su

stai

ned

appl

icat

ion

of r

elev

ant

evid

ence

(sc

ient

ific

idea

s,

proc

esse

s, t

echn

ique

s an

d pr

oced

ures

).

The

expl

anat

ion

show

s a

wel

l-de

velo

ped

and

sust

aine

d lin

e of

rea

soni

ng w

hich

is c

lear

, co

here

nt a

nd

logi

cally

str

uctu

red.

(T

otal

for

Que

stio

n 4

= 1

0 m

arks

)


105

Que

stio

n N

umbe

r Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

M

ark

5(a

) C

(1)

Que

stio

n N

umbe

r Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

M

ark

5(b

)(i)

58

- 45

= 1

3

(13÷

58)×

100

(1)

= 2

2.4%

(1)

(2

)

Que

stio

n N

umbe

r Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

M

ark

5(b

)(ii

)

An

answ

er t

hat

mak

es r

efer

ence

to

the

follo

win

g:

• m

ass

high

er in

A (

com

pare

d w

ith

B)

for

both

st

udie

s (1

)

• th

e di

ffer

ence

is le

ss in

rep

eat

stud

y /

mas

s lo

wer

in r

epea

ts (

of b

oth

A a

nd B

(1)

(2

)


106

Que

stio

n N

umbe

r Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

M

ark

5(c

) An

answ

er t

hat

mak

es r

efer

ence

to

four

of

the

follo

win

g po

ints

:

• pl

ants

gro

wn

in p

ots

cont

aini

ng s

ame

{soi

l / p

H /

m

iner

als

/ w

ater

}as

thes

e fa

ctor

s ca

n af

fect

gro

wth

(1)

•

one

grou

p un

der

lam

p em

itting

red

ligh

t an

d on

e gr

oup

unde

r a

lam

p em

itting

far

red

ligh

t /

one

grou

p un

der

lam

p em

itting

red

and

far

red

ligh

t at

sam

e in

tens

ity

and

one

grou

p un

der

lam

p em

itting

far

red

ligh

t a t

hi

gher

inte

nsity

than

red

(1)

• ke

ep t

empe

ratu

re t

he s

ame

in b

oth

as e

nzym

es

invo

lved

in g

row

th (

1)

• re

fere

nce

to {

seve

ral g

roup

s of

pot

s /

mul

tipl

e pl

ants

} to

ens

ure

resu

lts

are

{rel

iabl

e /

suitab

le f

or v

alid

st

atis

tica

l ana

lysi

s} (

1)

• us

e {c

lone

d /

gene

tica

lly id

entica

l} p

lant

s of

sam

e sp

ecie

s as

gen

es c

an a

ffec

t gr

owth

(1)

(4

) (T

otal

for

Que

stio

n 5

= 9

mar

ks)


107

Que

stio

n N

umbe

r Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

M

ark

6(a

) C

(1)

Que

stio

n N

umbe

r Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

M

ark

6(b

)(i)

Le

ngth

mea

sure

d fr

om d

iagr

am c

orre

ctly

(1)

z-

z lin

e =

3.0

cm t

hen

this

is 3

.0 x

10-3

M ÷

2.0

x 1

0 -6

m =

150

0 m

agni

ficat

ion

(1)

(2

)

Que

stio

n N

umbe

r Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

M

ark

6(b

)(ii

) B

(1

)

Que

stio

n N

umbe

r Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

M

ark

6(b

) (i

ii)

An

expl

anat

ion

that

mak

es r

efer

ence

to

the

follo

win

g:

• ac

tin

and

myo

sin

mol

ecul

es r

emai

n th

e sa

me

leng

th (

1)

•

thes

e sl

ide

past

eac

h ot

her

/ sa

rcom

ere

is s

hort

er /

Z li

nes

mov

e cl

oser

tog

ethe

r (1

)

(2

)


108

Que

stio

n N

umbe

r Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

M

ark

6(c

)

An

expl

anat

ion

that

mak

es r

efer

ence

to

four

of

the

follo

win

g:

• pe

rson

B h

as m

ore

slow

tw

itch

fib

res

than

per

son

A (

1)

•

slow

tw

itch

are

mor

e ef

ficie

nt a

t ae

robi

c re

spir

atio

n be

caus

e th

ey h

ave

mor

e m

itoc

hond

ria

(1)

•

slow

tw

itch

hav

e m

any

capi

llari

es t

o gi

ve g

ood

oxyg

en

supp

ly (

1)

• sl

ow t

witch

hav

e lo

ts o

f m

yogl

obin

to

stor

e ox

ygen

(1)

•

ther

efor

e le

ss li

kely

to

build

up

lact

ate

(1)

(4

) (T

otal

for

Que

stio

n 6

= 1

0 m

arks

)


109

Que

stio

n N

umbe

r Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

M

ark

7(a

)

•

2.03

– 1

.53

= 0

.5 ÷

2.0

3 x

100

(1)

• =

24.

63%

(1)

(2

)

Que

stio

n N

umbe

r Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

M

ark

7(b

) An

expl

anat

ion

that

mak

es r

efer

ence

to

thre

e of

the

fol

low

ing:

•

mov

ing

shad

ow a

nd t

ouch

are

per

ceiv

ed a

s pr

esen

ce o

f {d

ange

r /

pred

ator

} (1

)

• re

spon

se t

o to

uch

is g

reat

er t

han

to s

hado

w b

ecau

se t

ouch

pe

rcei

ved

as {

mor

e da

nger

ous/

clo

sene

ss o

f pr

edat

or}

(1)

• re

spon

se in

tub

e is

gre

ater

tha

n re

spon

se o

ut o

f tu

be

beca

use

tube

pro

vide

s ph

ysic

al s

urfa

ce t

o as

sist

{c

ontr

action

/ w

ithd

raw

al}

(1)

• w

orm

has

rec

epto

rs a

nd t

hose

for

ligh

t ge

nera

te le

ss

resp

onse

tha

n th

ose

for

touc

h (1

) •

whe

n ou

t of

tub

e, a

sha

dow

stim

ulus

aff

ects

all

of a

wor

m

but

a to

uch

stim

ulus

aff

ects

par

t of

a w

orm

(1)

(3)

Que

stio

n N

umbe

r Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

M

ark

7(c

)(i)

An

answ

er t

hat

mak

es r

efer

ence

to

the

follo

win

g:

• pr

even

ts w

asting

ene

rgy

(1)

• al

low

s m

axim

um f

eedi

ng e

ffor

t (1

)

(2

)


110

Que

stio

n N

umbe

r Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

M

ark

7(c

)(ii

)

An

expl

anat

ion

that

mak

es r

efer

ence

to

the

follo

win

g:

• th

ere

is le

ss r

espo

nse

beca

use

ther

e is

less

dep

olar

isat

ion

of t

he p

ost –

syna

ptic

mem

bran

e (1

)

• be

caus

e th

ere

are

few

er c

alci

um io

ns e

nter

ing

the

pre

syna

ptic

mem

bran

e so

few

er v

esic

les

fuse

with

the

pres

ynap

tic

cel

l mem

bran

e (1

) •

so le

ss n

euro

tran

smitte

r di

ffus

es a

cros

s th

e sy

napt

ic c

left

(1

)

• th

eref

ore

less

bin

ding

to

the

rec

epto

rs o

n th

e po

st–

syna

ptic

mem

bran

e so

few

er s

odiu

m c

hann

els

open

(1)

•

resu

ltin

g in

no

{act

ion

pote

ntia

l / im

puls

e} in

the

pos

t–

syna

ptic

neu

rone

lead

ing

to n

o w

ithd

raw

al r

espo

nse

(1)

Allo

w d

escr

iption

of

sodi

um io

n m

ovem

ent

(5)

(Tot

al f

or Q

uest

ion

7 =

12

mar

ks)


111

Que

stio

n N

umbe

r Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

Mar

k 8

(a)

D

(1)

Que

stio

n N

umbe

r Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

Mar

k 8

(b)

An

expl

anat

ion

that

mak

es r

efer

ence

to:

•

mus

cles

can

onl

y w

ork

in o

ne d

irec

tion

(1)

Plus

one

fro

m:

• th

eref

ore

a ne

ed t

o cr

eate

opp

osite

forc

es (

1)

•

so m

ust

have

ext

enso

rs a

nd f

lexo

rs (

1)

(2

)


112

Que

stio

n N

umbe

r In

dica

tive

con

tent

8(c

) Ans

wer

s w

ill b

e cr

edited

acc

ordi

ng t

o ca

ndid

ate'

s de

ploy

men

t of

kno

wle

dge

and

unde

rsta

ndin

g of

the

mat

eria

l in

rel

atio

n to

the

qua

litie

s an

d sk

ills

outlin

ed in

the

gen

eric

mar

k sc

hem

e.

The

indi

cative

con

tent

bel

ow is

not

pre

scri

ptiv

e an

d ca

ndid

ates

are

not

req

uire

d to

incl

ude

all t

he m

ater

ial

whi

ch is

indi

cate

d as

rel

evan

t. A

dditio

nal c

onte

nt in

clud

ed in

the

res

pons

e m

ust

be s

cien

tific

and

rel

evan

t.

Sup

port

s •

this

is t

rue

afte

r 10

mon

ths

beca

use

ther

e is

a s

igni

fican

t de

crea

se f

or t

he s

low

tw

itch

•

if m

uscl

e is

{m

ainl

y sl

ow t

witch

/ h

as f

ewer

fas

t tw

itch

}

• C

a-ATP

ase

will

tak

e lo

nger

to

tran

spor

t ca

lciu

m io

ns in

to t

he s

arco

plas

mic

ret

icul

um

Doe

s no

t su

ppor

t •

agei

ng h

as {

no /

litt

le}

effe

ct o

n fa

st t

witch

fib

res

•

ther

e is

litt

le d

iffer

ence

bet

wee

n th

e fa

st a

nd s

low

tw

itch

up

to 1

0 m

onth

s

• ap

prop

riat

e co

mm

ent

on t

he d

iffer

ence

bet

wee

n th

e da

ta r

elat

ed t

o th

e va

riat

ion

as s

how

n by

the

err

or

bars

Le

vel

Mar

k D

escr

ipto

r

0 N

o aw

arda

ble

cont

ent

Leve

l 1

1-

2 Li

mited

sci

entific

jud

gem

ent

mad

e w

ith

a fo

cus

on o

ne s

ide

of t

he a

rgum

ent

only

.

A c

oncl

usio

n m

ay b

e at

tem

pted

, de

mon

stra

ting

isol

ated

ele

men

ts o

f bi

olog

ical

kno

wle

dge

and

unde

rsta

ndin

g bu

t w

ith

limited

evi

denc

e to

sup

port

the

jud

gem

ent

bein

g m

ade.

Le

vel

2

3-4

A s

cien

tific

jud

gem

ent

is m

ade

thro

ugh

the

appl

icat

ion

of r

elev

ant

evid

ence

to

both

sid

es o

f th

e ar

gum

ent.

A c

oncl

usio

n is

mad

e, d

emon

stra

ting

link

ages

to

elem

ents

of

biol

ogic

al k

now

ledg

e an

d un

ders

tand

ing,

with

occa

sion

al e

vide

nce

to s

uppo

rt t

he j

udge

men

t be

ing

mad

e.


113

Leve

l 3

5-

6 A s

cien

tific

jud

gem

ent

is m

ade,

whi

ch is

sup

port

ed t

hrou

ghou

t by

sus

tain

ed a

pplic

atio

n of

rel

evan

t ev

iden

ce f

rom

the

ana

lysi

s an

d in

terp

reta

tion

of

the

scie

ntifi

c in

form

atio

n.

A c

oncl

usio

n is

mad

e, d

emon

stra

ting

sus

tain

ed li

nkag

es t

o bi

olog

ical

kno

wle

dge

and

unde

rsta

ndin

g w

ith

evid

ence

to

supp

ort

the

judg

emen

t be

ing

mad

e.

(Tot

al f

or Q

uest

ion

8 =

9 m

arks

)


114

Que

stio

n N

umbe

r Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

M

ark

9(a

) An

expl

anat

ion

that

mak

es a

ref

eren

ce t

o th

e fo

llow

ing:

•

sero

toni

n ca

nnot

be

brok

en d

own

fast

er t

han

prod

uced

(1)

• th

eref

ore

activi

ty o

f th

e tw

o en

zym

es t

hat

prod

uce

sero

toni

n m

ust

be s

imila

r to

the

act

ivity

of e

nzym

e 3

(1)

• on

e of

the

enz

ymes

mus

t be

rat

e lim

itin

g (1

)

(3

) Q

uest

ion

Num

ber

Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

M

ark

9(b

) An

expl

anat

ion

that

mak

es a

ref

eren

ce t

o th

ree

of t

he

follo

win

g:

• SSR

Is b

ind

to {

chan

nel /

reu

ptak

e} p

rote

ins

(1)

•

sero

toni

n le

vels

rem

ain

high

in s

ynap

se (

1)

• se

roto

nin

bind

s to

rec

epto

r pr

otei

ns in

pos

t-sy

napt

ic

mem

bran

e (1

) •

depo

lari

sation

of

post

-syn

aptic

mem

bran

e (1

) •

{act

ion

pote

ntia

ls /

impu

lses

/ t

rans

mis

sion

} co

ntin

ues

(1)

(3

)


115

Que

stio

n N

umbe

r Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

M

ark

9(c

)(i)

•

neithe

r pa

tien

ts n

or {

doct

ors

/sci

entist

s /

eq}

know

whi

ch

trea

tmen

t th

e pa

tien

ts w

ere

give

n (1

)

(1)

Que

stio

n N

umbe

r Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

M

ark

9(c

)(ii

) An

answ

er t

hat

mak

es r

efer

ence

to

thre

e of

the

fol

low

ing:

•

idea

tha

t SSR

I w

orks

bes

t (1

)

• pl

aceb

o w

orks

fas

ter

than

SJW

(1)

•

SJW

and

pla

cebo

eff

ect

{wea

r of

f /

leve

l / e

nd a

t 12

/ s

ame

final

sco

re /

fal

l the

n ri

se /

eq}

(1)

•

corr

ect

com

para

tive

man

ipul

atio

n of

fig

ures

to

supp

ort

anal

ysis

(1)

(3

)


116

Que

stio

n N

umbe

r Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

M

ark

9(c

)(ii

i)

An

expl

anat

ion

that

mak

es r

efer

ence

to

two

of t

he f

ollo

win

g pa

irs:

•

use

mor

e pa

tien

ts /

incr

ease

sam

ple

size

/ r

epea

t th

e tr

ial

(1)

• to

incr

ease

rel

iabi

lity

(1)

and

/o

r

• co

nsid

er s

ampl

e se

lect

ion

to u

se s

ame

age

/ ge

nder

/

ethn

icity

/ lif

esty

le /

hea

lth

of p

atie

nts

(1)

• to

con

trol

bio

tic

vari

able

s (1

)

and

/o

r •

exte

nsio

n of

tim

e fo

r tr

ial (

1)

• to

ens

ure

SSR

Is c

ontinu

e to

red

uce

HR

SD

sco

re o

r no

t /

SJW

con

tinu

e to

dec

reas

e H

RSD

sco

re o

r no

t (1

) an

d/

or

•

use

of s

tatist

ical

ana

lysi

s (1

) •

to s

ee if

the

diff

eren

ces

are

sign

ifica

nt (

1)

(4

) (T

otal

for

Que

stio

n 9

= 1

4 m

arks

)


117

Que

stio

n N

umbe

r Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

M

ark

10

(a)

volu

me

chan

ge

e.g.

0.5

dm

3 in

1 m

inut

e (1

) co

rrec

t co

nver

sion

to

ml f

rom

dm

3 (1

)

answ

er 5

00 ÷

90

= 5

.5 (

1)

Cor

rect

ans

wer

gai

ns f

ull m

arks

, no

w

orki

ng s

how

n (3

)

Que

stio

n N

umbe

r Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

M

ark

10

(b)(

i)

An

expl

anat

ion

that

mak

es r

efer

ence

to

five

of t

he

follo

win

g:

• an

aero

bic

resp

irat

ion

occu

rs d

urin

g ex

erci

se b

ecau

se

oxyg

en s

uppl

y to

cel

ls is

lim

ited

(1)

• th

eref

ore

glyc

olys

is u

sed

to p

rodu

ce A

TP (

1)

• gl

ycol

ysis

als

o pr

oduc

es la

ctat

e (1

) •

oxyg

en c

onsu

mpt

ion

is h

ighe

r at

end

of

exer

cise

tha

n at

res

t be

caus

e la

ctat

e is

con

vert

ed b

ack

to p

yruv

ate

(1)

• py

ruva

te e

nter

s K

rebs

cyc

le (

1)

•

oxyg

en u

sed

in e

lect

ron

tran

spor

t ch

ain

/ ox

idat

ive

phos

phor

ylat

ion

as f

inal

hyd

roge

n el

ectr

on a

ccep

tor

/ to

for

m w

ater

(1)

Allo

w s

ome

lact

ate

is c

onve

rted

into

gl

ycog

en (

1)

(5)


118

Que

stio

n N

umbe

r Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

M

ark

10

(b)(

ii)

An

expl

anat

ion

that

mak

es r

efer

ence

to

five

of t

he f

ollo

win

g:

• H

igh

CO

2 in

the

blo

od s

tim

ulat

es t

he r

espi

rato

ry c

entr

e (1

)

• In

crea

se in

lact

ate

/ fa

ll in

pH

stim

ulat

es t

he r

espi

rato

ry

cent

re (

1)

• R

efer

ence

to

chem

orec

epto

rs in

the

med

ulla

/car

otid

bo

dies

/aor

tic

bodi

es (

1)

• M

ore

impu

lses

sen

t to

dia

phra

gm a

nd in

terc

osta

l mus

cles

(1

) •

Res

ulting

in a

n in

crea

se in

the

rat

e an

d de

pth

of b

reat

hing

(1

) •

pH r

etur

ns t

o no

rmal

as

CO

2 is

rem

oved

and

ven

tila

tion

ra

te d

ecre

ases

(1)

(5

)


119

Que

stio

n N

umbe

r Acc

epta

ble

Ans

wer

Add

itio

nal G

uida

nce

M

ark

10

(c)

An

answ

er t

hat

mak

es r

efer

ence

to

four

of

the

follo

win

g:

• Fo

r hi

gh r

isk,

an

incr

ease

in e

xerc

ise

redu

ces

inci

denc

e of

typ

e II

dia

bete

s (1

) •

For

low

ris

k, a

n in

crea

se in

exe

rcis

e ha

s no

eff

ect

on

inci

denc

e of

typ

e II

dia

bete

s (1

) •

Ref

eren

ce t

o co

rrel

atio

n in

cor

rect

con

text

(1)

•

A c

ausa

l rel

atio

nshi

p is

{sh

own

by t

he h

igh

risk

gro

up

and

leve

l of

exer

cise

/ n

ot s

how

n by

the

low

ris

k gr

oup

and

leve

l of

exer

cise

} (1

)

• O

ther

fac

tors

may

cau

se t

ype

II d

iabe

tes,

e.g

. ob

esity,

di

et,

age,

eth

nici

ty (

1)

Acc

ept

high

ris

k =

fam

ily h

isto

ry

low

ris

k =

no

fam

ily h

isto

ry

(4)

(Tot

al f

or Q

uest

ion

10 =

17

mar

ks)

*s47564a03636* - gcse & a-level revision and past papers

Documents

s47564a03636 - gcse & a-level revision and past papers