s3 mr. shoaib sultan role of civil society
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1 First Dialogue – Sherqilla, Gilgit (Pakistan) 1982
Shoaib Sultan Khan - April 2015
CIVIL SOCIETY: PUTTING THE COMMUNITY IN THE CENTRE
SOUTH ASIA EXPERIENCE
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Development policy is almost always about industrialisation and rarely about poverty.
Current trends of globalisation creating inequity and impoverishment
20% of the world population consumes 80% of global resources. The poorest 20% only account for 1.3% of global consumption.
Development Policy
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The centre-piece of a policy framework for poverty alleviation has to be the mobilisation of the poor in order to enable them to participate directly in the decisions that affect their lives and prospects.
* Independent South Asian Commission on Poverty Alleviation
(ISACPA)
Main Recommendations of ISACPA* - 1991
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Why Poverty in South Asia
The public sector makes huge investments but does not create a receiving mechanism for delivery of goods and services at the grassroots
Commonly it does not effectively involve poor communities when planning or delivering ‘development’
Proposal for reducing poverty and
improving quality of life of people
By linking political and administrative pillars with the socio-economic pillar (community institutions);
By engaging people for their own development; and
By building the capacities of people and increasing the outreach of government and other development actors for effective supply and genuine demand.
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Three Pillars of State
Essentials of Good Governance/Welfare State
Administrative Pillar: – Central, provincial and local governments, Judiciary,
Police and Other institutions of (From the PM/President to the Patwari)
Political Pillar: - National and Provincial Assembles, District & Union
Councils
Functions of Local Government: - Political education;
- Inter village planning;
- Coordination with government departments; and
- Local taxation 6
The missing link: The Socio-Economic Pillar
• None of the Federal Ministries, Provincial & District Departments or Elected Bodies have the capacity to engage all or overwhelming majority of people especially the vulnerable and the poor in planning, implementing and monitoring their own development agenda; and
• They are not equipped with the tools required to:
- assess the economic status of each household;
- prepare a development plan for each household;
- design products and projects that meet their local requirements; and
- Assess the needs of each village and prepare a village development plan based on villagers perceptions and aspirations
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Fostering of Socio-Economic Pillar through social guidance cannot be undertaken by government departments or NGOs. It requires an institutional mechanism which has the resources of the government and flexibility of an NGO, such as Rural Support Programme (RSP).
The approach of Rural Support Programme (RSP)
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Implementation Strategy and Institution Building by Governments of South Asia:
support financially and administratively the establishment of independent, non-governmental and national level support mechanisms to catalyse formation of organisations
* ISACPA – 1993 SAARC Summit
An Agenda For Action
RSPs ARE PRESENT IN 115 OUT OF 131
DISTRICTS, AND 5 OUT OF 13 FATA/FRs
SRSO
BRSP
NRSP
SRSP
PRSP
GBTI
AKRSP
TRDP
RSP Network
AJKRSP
SGA
FIDA
IRM
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• Number of clients: 4.1 million
Micro Health Insurance
• Clients: 203,788
• CIF amount Rs.2,347.6 - $25.5 million
• No. LSOs Managing CIF: 317
• No. of VOs Managing CIF: 5,465
Community Investment Fund (CIF)
• Rs. 2,661~$49.1 million
• (Rs. 715~$12 million women)
Community Savings
• Community members trained:24,684
Traditional Birth
Attendants/
Health workers
• 6.09 million members (51.1% women)
• 5.89 million HHs
• 38 million people
Membership
• Rs. 115,883~$1,486 million
• (Rs. 55,675~$659.8 million women)
Credit Disbursed cumulative
• Schemes: 151,552
• Cost: Rs. 20,491 ~$ 290.8million
• HHs benefiting: 4.7 million
Community Physical
Infrastructure
Schemes
• 7.6 million
• ( 3.3 million women)
Credit Beneficiaries
• # of community schools :2,327
• Total Students Enrolled: 91,342 (47% Girls)
Education
Community Schools
• Community members
• Benefiting: 3.99 million (2.12 million women,)
Skills Training
- Vocational & Technical
-leadership & management
LSOs: 1,088
Community Organizations
(COs)
Total :354,270
Women only: 48.4%
Impact of RSPs (till September, 2014)
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• 9.6 million poor Social Risk Management
• Number of centers: 4,225
• Liter milk procured daily: 274,833
V.O Milk Procurement
Centers
• US$677million saved
Community Savings
• 3.1 million poor Food Security
• US$ 1.43 billion
Commercial Banks Loan accessed
(2011-12)
• 0.34 million Person with
disability Helped
• 12 million acres
Community Managed
Sustainable Agriculture
by 2014
• US$ 462.43 million Collective
Marketing of Agri.Produce
(2011-12)
MMS: 1,098
VOs: 38,821
SHGS: 1,059,056
Key Impacts of Andhra Pradesh (India)
Poverty Reduction Programme through Social Mobilisation
As of June 2012.
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• 11.55 million (100% women) Membership
Linkages with Government Departments
Community Managed Sustainable Agriculture
All farmers – special vulnerability of small and marginal farmers
Risk Environment
Rain fed Agriculture
< than 30% cultivable land is irrigated
Increasing vulnerability and reducing the propensity to invest
Credit – informal sources
External input intensive agriculture
Shifted power towards suppliers
Tied sales excludes farmers from participation in markets
Imperfect Markets
Malpractices in market place
Price discovery only after farmers have sunk in marketing costs
Delayed payments
Challenges in Agriculture growth
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Enhancing the growth through Ecologically sound Practices
Non Pesticide Management
Natural soil fertility Management
In-situ rain water harvesting
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Community driven Knowledge Production and Dissemination
Farmer field schools:
A. Key activity for transfer of technology
B. Farmers upgrade knowledge by sharing, observation and by experimenting
C. Farmers are active participants rather than passive recipients
Community Resource Persons:
Best practicing farmers as “change agents”
Community Video films:
A. Human mediated Video films as extension tool
B. Video films produced by women farmers for the farmers
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Scale of Activities in 2013-14
Intervention Reach
District 22
Mandals 704
Villages 14,004
Farmers 30 lakhs
Area in Acres (gross cropped area) 60 Lakhs
POP strategy 50,000 families
RFSA 25,000 Acrs
Food security models 22 villages
Value chain investments 110 villages
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LiveStock & Poultry Development
Mandal Samkyas managing (179) BMCUs and procuring (2.90) Lakh lit of milk per day from(3272) villages and (65679) House holds in (13) districts to ensure MSP to milk. During the year 2012-13, (2149) SHGs/DJLGs have established Paala Pragathi Kendralu (PPKs) i.e mini dairies each with (8) milch animals with unit cost of Rs.6.00 lakhs. The SERP s providing Rs. 1.00 lakh and Rs.2.25 lakh subsidy to Non PoP and PoP groups respectively and rest is met from Bank loan. So far Rs.34.54 Cr. spent from NRLM funds benefiting 13153 SHG HH.
1.2 lakh Rajasri Dual purpose birds distributed to 11906 PoP families to encourage back yard poultry rearing and 1.30 lakh birds to 866 NDCCs to reduce the food cost. So far 4685 SHG women trained as Community managed livestock extension workers to act as liaison between community and Animal Husbandry Department.
India National Rural Livelihood Mission
(2011-2017)
Total No. of Households
to be organised 70 Million (approx. 350 million population)
Total Estimated Cost US$ 5.1 billion
(12th Five Year Plan)
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THANK YOU!