s3 ecopath with ecosim 6: new generation ecosystem modeling … · villy christensen, joe...

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Ecopath with Ecosim 6: S34136 New generation ecosystem modeling package modeling package Villy Christensen, Joe Buszowski, Robyn Forrest, Fang Gao, Carie Hoover, Joe Hui, Sherman Lai, Jeroen Steenbeek, William Walters and Carl Walters PICES 16 th Annual Meeting, Victoria, October 30, 2007 / CCCC/FIS Topic Session S3 Towards ecosystembased management: Recent developments and successes in multispecies modeling

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Page 1: S3 Ecopath with Ecosim 6: New generation ecosystem modeling … · Villy Christensen, Joe Buszowski, Robyn Forrest, Fang Gao, Carie Hoover, Joe Hui, Sherman Lai, Jeroen Steenbeek,

Ecopath with Ecosim 6: S3‐4136

New generation ecosystem modeling packagemodeling package

Villy Christensen, Joe Buszowski, Robyn Forrest, Fang Gao, y , , y , g ,Carie Hoover, Joe Hui, Sherman Lai, Jeroen Steenbeek, 

William Walters and Carl Walters

PICES 16th Annual Meeting, Victoria, October 30, 2007

/CCCC/FIS Topic Session S3Towards ecosystem‐based management: 

Recent developments and successes in multi‐species modeling

Page 2: S3 Ecopath with Ecosim 6: New generation ecosystem modeling … · Villy Christensen, Joe Buszowski, Robyn Forrest, Fang Gao, Carie Hoover, Joe Hui, Sherman Lai, Jeroen Steenbeek,

NOAA celebrates 200 yearhttp://celebrating200years.noaa.gov/breakthroughs/welcome.html

2

Page 3: S3 Ecopath with Ecosim 6: New generation ecosystem modeling … · Villy Christensen, Joe Buszowski, Robyn Forrest, Fang Gao, Carie Hoover, Joe Hui, Sherman Lai, Jeroen Steenbeek,

Prince William SoundNMFS, Bering Sea, GoAlaska Greenland 

Fisheries Inst.Faroe Fisheries InstIMR, Bergen

DFOUBC

Swedish Fisheriesh

Stockholm Univ.FIMR, Helsinki

Four Fish. Commissions

DIFRES

CEFAS, Lowestoft

NOAA, Chesapeake Bay

Trop. Tuna Comm.Virginia IMS

NCEAS

UoWisconsin PolandEstonia, Latvia, Lithuania

Mote lab Santander

FL FWRI

S Atlantic MFC

Fish. Inst, LisboaLa Paz, Mexico

A

Venice/Trieste

NCEAS

NMFS, Galveston

NMFS, Honolulu Thetis, Greece

GoMexico FMC

IFREMER

Six West African Countries

ColombiaTrinidad, Tobago

Jamaica, BVI, …

Azores F.I.

G.o MexicoYucatan reefs

G.o.Guinea 19 countries

Dominican Rep.

GoMexico FMC

Charles Darwin Research Station, Galapagos

Venezuela = training courses / workshops

Angola

countries

and there areConcepcion, Chile

Namibia

Cape TownTongoy Gulf, Chile

Sao Paulo, BrazilAbrolhos, Brazil

>300 models>4500 reg. users

3

and there are also activities on 

the other side

p ,Argentina

Ecopath project activities

155 countries

Page 4: S3 Ecopath with Ecosim 6: New generation ecosystem modeling … · Villy Christensen, Joe Buszowski, Robyn Forrest, Fang Gao, Carie Hoover, Joe Hui, Sherman Lai, Jeroen Steenbeek,

EwE data models and uses

EwE data models and usesdata, models, and usesdata, models, and uses

ParameterizationParameterizationEcopathEcopath

Abundance, mortality, Abundance, mortality, catches, feeding rates, catches, feeding rates, 

diets, growth, interaction diets, growth, interaction i ii i

Environmental Environmental assessments, network assessments, network analysis, ecological analysis, ecological 

h fi h ih fi h iTimeTime‐‐dynamicsdynamics

EcosimEcosim

terms, carrying capacity, terms, carrying capacity, persistent pollutants, persistent pollutants, habitats, nutrient habitats, nutrient loading climateloading climate

theory, fisheries managetheory, fisheries manage‐‐mentment, adaptive manage, adaptive manage‐‐mentment, culling, ecosystem , culling, ecosystem manipulation protectedmanipulation protected

SpatialSpatial‐‐dynamicsdynamicsEcospaceEcospace

loading, climate loading, climate indicators,  migration, indicators,  migration, dispersal, occurrence, dispersal, occurrence, distribution costsdistribution costs

manipulation, protected manipulation, protected areas, spatial zoning, areas, spatial zoning, policy exploration, policy exploration, 

fisheries sectorfisheries sector optimioptimi‐‐Persistent Persistent pollutant pollutant dynamicsdynamics

distribution, costs, distribution, costs, subsidies, prices, values, subsidies, prices, values, 

existence values, existence values, employmentemployment

fisheries sector fisheries sector optimioptimizationzation, conflict reduction, , conflict reduction, 

climate scenarios, climate scenarios, gaming, ...gaming, ...dynamicsdynamicsp yp y g gg g

Page 5: S3 Ecopath with Ecosim 6: New generation ecosystem modeling … · Villy Christensen, Joe Buszowski, Robyn Forrest, Fang Gao, Carie Hoover, Joe Hui, Sherman Lai, Jeroen Steenbeek,

The new Ecopath with Ecosim (6)

• Four year project funded y p jthrough Lenfest Ocean Program

• Lenfest Ocean Futures Project:Lenfest Ocean Futures Project:– EwE6 released Sep 2007

– Ocean Summitsmethodology– Ocean Summits methodology 2009 

5

• Customized versions facilitated

• User Ownership

• Customized versions facilitated

• User Ownership

Page 6: S3 Ecopath with Ecosim 6: New generation ecosystem modeling … · Villy Christensen, Joe Buszowski, Robyn Forrest, Fang Gao, Carie Hoover, Joe Hui, Sherman Lai, Jeroen Steenbeek,

New in EwE6• Object oriented implementation

• Usability improvements:• Usability improvements: – Navigation tree

I d i li ti t l– Improved visualization tools

• “More uncertainty”

• Plug‐ins 

• Alternative interfaces

• Linkages

• Localization• Localization6

Page 7: S3 Ecopath with Ecosim 6: New generation ecosystem modeling … · Villy Christensen, Joe Buszowski, Robyn Forrest, Fang Gao, Carie Hoover, Joe Hui, Sherman Lai, Jeroen Steenbeek,

EwE6 overview

Scientific Interface Plug-ins

EwE Core

Ecopath Ecosim Ecospace

Data sourceData source

Source code (live) available for download through cvs 7

Page 8: S3 Ecopath with Ecosim 6: New generation ecosystem modeling … · Villy Christensen, Joe Buszowski, Robyn Forrest, Fang Gao, Carie Hoover, Joe Hui, Sherman Lai, Jeroen Steenbeek,
Page 9: S3 Ecopath with Ecosim 6: New generation ecosystem modeling … · Villy Christensen, Joe Buszowski, Robyn Forrest, Fang Gao, Carie Hoover, Joe Hui, Sherman Lai, Jeroen Steenbeek,
Page 10: S3 Ecopath with Ecosim 6: New generation ecosystem modeling … · Villy Christensen, Joe Buszowski, Robyn Forrest, Fang Gao, Carie Hoover, Joe Hui, Sherman Lai, Jeroen Steenbeek,

EwE6: Spatial modelingEwE6: Spatial modeling

• EwE5 short cuts for differentiation no longerEwE5 short cuts for differentiation no longer needed

• Ecospace now models multi stanza groups• Ecospace now models multi‐stanza groups properly

O i f IBM f l i• Option for IBM for multi‐stanza groups incorporated (with Kenny Rose)

• Threading to multiple processors

10

Page 11: S3 Ecopath with Ecosim 6: New generation ecosystem modeling … · Villy Christensen, Joe Buszowski, Robyn Forrest, Fang Gao, Carie Hoover, Joe Hui, Sherman Lai, Jeroen Steenbeek,
Page 12: S3 Ecopath with Ecosim 6: New generation ecosystem modeling … · Villy Christensen, Joe Buszowski, Robyn Forrest, Fang Gao, Carie Hoover, Joe Hui, Sherman Lai, Jeroen Steenbeek,
Page 13: S3 Ecopath with Ecosim 6: New generation ecosystem modeling … · Villy Christensen, Joe Buszowski, Robyn Forrest, Fang Gao, Carie Hoover, Joe Hui, Sherman Lai, Jeroen Steenbeek,

Gulf of M i FMC

Red drum SRAEcosimEcospace 2Ecospace IBM8

1012 Menhaden

150

200

250

Mexico FMC• Ecosim

02

46

050

100

Ecosim results similar to  Red snapper

1012 Mullet

1.5

results from single species 

d l (SRA)

24

68

00.

51.

0

model (SRA)

• Ecospace versions

0 0.0

Grouper1.2 Mackarel2.5

versions similar to Ecosim and

Grouper

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Mackarel

1.0

1.5

2.0

2

Ecosim and SRA

Walters et al (MS)

0.0

0.2

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

0.0

0.5

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 201013

Page 14: S3 Ecopath with Ecosim 6: New generation ecosystem modeling … · Villy Christensen, Joe Buszowski, Robyn Forrest, Fang Gao, Carie Hoover, Joe Hui, Sherman Lai, Jeroen Steenbeek,

Fitting to time series: Fitting to time series: learning from ecosystem historylearning from ecosystem history

• Numerous EwE models have in recent years produced credible fit to

• Numerous EwE models have in recent years produced credible fit torecent years produced credible fit to historical data, and made plausible 

li di ti

recent years produced credible fit to historical data, and made plausible 

li di tipolicy predictions– requires inclusion of environmental as 

policy predictions– requires inclusion of environmental as well as fisheries impactwell as fisheries impact

14

Page 15: S3 Ecopath with Ecosim 6: New generation ecosystem modeling … · Villy Christensen, Joe Buszowski, Robyn Forrest, Fang Gao, Carie Hoover, Joe Hui, Sherman Lai, Jeroen Steenbeek,

Ecosystems where EwE models have been tested with historical trend data

Ecosystems where EwE models have been tested with historical trend datatested with historical trend data tested with historical trend data • E Bering Sea• Aleutian Islands• E Bering Sea• Aleutian Islands

• Bay of Quinte • Oneida Lake• Bay of Quinte • Oneida Lake• Aleutian Islands

• W&C GoAlaska• E GoAlaska

• Aleutian Islands• W&C GoAlaska• E GoAlaska

• Oneida Lake• Scotian Shelf• Chesapeake Bay

• Oneida Lake• Scotian Shelf• Chesapeake Bay

• W Vancouver Island• Hecate Strait

B i i h C l bi Sh lf

• W Vancouver Island• Hecate Strait

B i i h C l bi Sh lf

p y• Tampa Bay• US Gulf of Mexico

S B il Bi h

p y• Tampa Bay• US Gulf of Mexico

S B il Bi h• British Columbia Shelf• Strait of Georgia • NE Pacific

• British Columbia Shelf• Strait of Georgia • NE Pacific

• S Brazil Bight• Norwegian Sea• North Sea

• S Brazil Bight• Norwegian Sea• North SeaNE Pacific

• CN & ET Pacific • NWHI, Hawaii

NE Pacific• CN & ET Pacific • NWHI, Hawaii

North Sea • Baltic • S Benguela

North Sea • Baltic • S Benguela

15

• Gulf of California • Central Chile • Gulf of California • Central Chile 

• Gulf of Thailand• South China Sea • Gulf of Thailand• South China Sea 

Christensen & Walters 2005

Page 16: S3 Ecopath with Ecosim 6: New generation ecosystem modeling … · Villy Christensen, Joe Buszowski, Robyn Forrest, Fang Gao, Carie Hoover, Joe Hui, Sherman Lai, Jeroen Steenbeek,

Modeling process: fitting & driversFormal estimation 

Fishing

Ecosystem model (predation, competition, mediation,

g

Predicted C, B, Z, W, diets

Log Likelihood

(Diet0)

(Z0)

Search  for 

minimi‐zationmediation, 

age structured)

Climate Nutrientloading

ObservedC,B,Z,W, diets

( BCC/B0)

Habitat area

zation

Judgmental evaluation

Errorpattern 

recognition

Choice of parametersto include in final 

estimation (e.g., climate anomalies)

Judgmental evaluation

anomalies)

Christensen & Walters 2005

Page 17: S3 Ecopath with Ecosim 6: New generation ecosystem modeling … · Villy Christensen, Joe Buszowski, Robyn Forrest, Fang Gao, Carie Hoover, Joe Hui, Sherman Lai, Jeroen Steenbeek,

Are seals causing fishAre seals causing fishcausing fish declines in the Georgia 

causing fish declines in the Georgia Strait?

I it fi hi ?

Strait?

I it fi hi ?Is it fishing? 

Is it environ‐

Is it fishing? 

Is it environ‐Is it environmental change?

Is it environmental change?g

Or, is it all 

g

Or, is it all three?three?

1950 19502000 2000‘50 ‘50 ‘90‘90

17‘70 ‘70

Page 18: S3 Ecopath with Ecosim 6: New generation ecosystem modeling … · Villy Christensen, Joe Buszowski, Robyn Forrest, Fang Gao, Carie Hoover, Joe Hui, Sherman Lai, Jeroen Steenbeek,

PP anomaly and climate indicators

• Strait of Georgia– Race Rocks Salinity Feb‐May– Race Rocks Salinity Feb‐May

1.1

1.3

duct

ion

anom

aly

-20

-10

upwelling (m

3/10

PPA 10MJJ 10• BC shelf

– Upwelling, May‐July), 54°N

0.7

0.9

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

prod

0

10

00m/s)

p g y y

0 9

1.1

1.3

rodu

ctio

n an

omal

y

-0 5

-0.1

0.3

0.7

1.1

PDO

index

PPA 30AMJJ 30

• NE Pacific– PDO, April‐July

0.7

0.9

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

pr

-1.3

-0.9

0.5

Preikshot (UBC  FCRR) 2007 18

Page 19: S3 Ecopath with Ecosim 6: New generation ecosystem modeling … · Villy Christensen, Joe Buszowski, Robyn Forrest, Fang Gao, Carie Hoover, Joe Hui, Sherman Lai, Jeroen Steenbeek,

What are models used for?What are models used for?• Lyne Morisette contacted registered EwE users:

325 models constructed or under construction

• Lyne Morisette contacted registered EwE users:

325 models constructed or under construction325 models constructed or under construction– 42% ecosystem structure;

325 models constructed or under construction– 42% ecosystem structure;

– 30% fisheries management;

11%

– 30% fisheries management;

11%– 11% theoretical ecology;

– 11% theoretical ecology;

– 6% protected area evaluations

– 6% protected area evaluationsevaluationsevaluations

19

Page 20: S3 Ecopath with Ecosim 6: New generation ecosystem modeling … · Villy Christensen, Joe Buszowski, Robyn Forrest, Fang Gao, Carie Hoover, Joe Hui, Sherman Lai, Jeroen Steenbeek,

Use of EwE for fisheries management• Evaluate impact of shrimp 

trawling, GoCalifornia;• Evaluate impact of shrimp 

trawling, GoCalifornia;• EIA of proposed fisheries 

interventions, Bering Sea;

• Evaluate impact of bycatch, GoCalifornia;

• Shrimp bycatch issues Gulf of

• Evaluate impact of bycatch, GoCalifornia;

• Shrimp bycatch issues Gulf of

• EIA of alternative TAC’s, Bering Sea and GoAlaska;

• Target species response to• Shrimp bycatch issues, Gulf of Mexico FMC

• Evaluate impact of predators 

• Shrimp bycatch issues, Gulf of Mexico FMC

• Evaluate impact of predators 

• Target species response to TACs, Bering Sea

• Closed area sizing, Great Barrier on shrimp, GoMexico;

• Demonstrate ecological role of species GoMexico;

on shrimp, GoMexico;

• Demonstrate ecological role of species GoMexico;

Reef, Australia

• Valuation of cormorant impact, Ortobello Italyspecies, GoMexico;

• Impact of proposed fisheries interventions, Namibia

species, GoMexico;

• Impact of proposed fisheries interventions, Namibia

Ortobello, Italy

• Evaluation of cormorant impact, Ringkobing, Denmark

• South Africa pelagic fisheries• South Africa pelagic fisheries20

Page 21: S3 Ecopath with Ecosim 6: New generation ecosystem modeling … · Villy Christensen, Joe Buszowski, Robyn Forrest, Fang Gao, Carie Hoover, Joe Hui, Sherman Lai, Jeroen Steenbeek,

So why aren’t ecosystem models d f t?

So why aren’t ecosystem models d f t?used more for management?used more for management?

• Lack of experience using ecosystem models for• Lack of experience using ecosystem models for• Lack of experience using ecosystem models for predictive purposes;

E t d li i f t t i t

• Lack of experience using ecosystem models for predictive purposes;

E t d li i f t t i t• Ecosystem modeling is for strategic management, and supplements the tactical single species 

t

• Ecosystem modeling is for strategic management, and supplements the tactical single species 

tassessment;

• Fisheries management process is focused on 

assessment;

• Fisheries management process is focused on tactical management;

• Strategic decisions are virtually non‐existing.

tactical management;

• Strategic decisions are virtually non‐existing.

21

Page 22: S3 Ecopath with Ecosim 6: New generation ecosystem modeling … · Villy Christensen, Joe Buszowski, Robyn Forrest, Fang Gao, Carie Hoover, Joe Hui, Sherman Lai, Jeroen Steenbeek,

Our empirical knowledge is limitedOur empirical knowledge is limitedp gp g

• Habitat and environmental changes (including• Habitat and environmental changes (including• Habitat and environmental changes (including those caused by fishing) and intensive fishery removals create novel situations

• Habitat and environmental changes (including those caused by fishing) and intensive fishery removals create novel situationsremovals create novel situations–We do not to understand the ‘mechanics’ of ecological response well enough to be able to

removals create novel situations–We do not to understand the ‘mechanics’ of ecological response well enough to be able toecological response well enough to be able to predict all important responses to novel situations;

ecological response well enough to be able to predict all important responses to novel situations;

–Make models one can play with;–Make models one can play with;

22

Page 23: S3 Ecopath with Ecosim 6: New generation ecosystem modeling … · Villy Christensen, Joe Buszowski, Robyn Forrest, Fang Gao, Carie Hoover, Joe Hui, Sherman Lai, Jeroen Steenbeek,

Current developmentsCurrent developments

• Make Your Own ModuleMake Your Own Module

• Model linkages …

23

Page 24: S3 Ecopath with Ecosim 6: New generation ecosystem modeling … · Villy Christensen, Joe Buszowski, Robyn Forrest, Fang Gao, Carie Hoover, Joe Hui, Sherman Lai, Jeroen Steenbeek,

Model linkages• ROMS/NPZ and climate models

NOAA GFDL/Princeton– NOAA GFDL/Princeton

– FLEM (2 layer hydrographic model)

ERSEM– ERSEM

• Tracking persistent pollutants & isotopes

• Spatial zoning (Ecoseed & MARXAN Bridge)

• Database‐driven model generation (GEF/LME)g ( / )

• Global scenario modeling (UNEP/OECD)

• Visualization and gaming: Ocean Summits• Visualization and gaming: Ocean Summits (Lenfest Ocean Futures Project) 24

Page 25: S3 Ecopath with Ecosim 6: New generation ecosystem modeling … · Villy Christensen, Joe Buszowski, Robyn Forrest, Fang Gao, Carie Hoover, Joe Hui, Sherman Lai, Jeroen Steenbeek,

Adaptive Management Procedure

M tO i d l

for  Ocean Summits ‐ EwE

Managementprocedure

Operating model

Assessmentmodule

IndicatorsClimate model

module (ecological)(economical)

(social) StatusHydrographicmodel

Policy scenarios

Ecosystem / bio‐economic 

model Visualization Strategy

The strategy is set by the participants; arrows indicate flow of information 25

Page 26: S3 Ecopath with Ecosim 6: New generation ecosystem modeling … · Villy Christensen, Joe Buszowski, Robyn Forrest, Fang Gao, Carie Hoover, Joe Hui, Sherman Lai, Jeroen Steenbeek,