Cell Review

____ 1. All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except a. DNA. b. a cell wall. c. a plasma membrane. d. ribosomes. e. an endoplasmic reticulum.

____ 2. Which of the following is a major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells? a. the evolution of larger cells after the evolution of smaller cells b. the difference in plasma membranes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes c. the evolution of eukaryotes after the evolution of prokaryotes d. the need for a surface area of sufficient area to allow the cell's function e. the observation that longer cells usually have greater cell volume

____ 3. Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large and complex lipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in this condition? a. the endoplasmic reticulum b. the Golgi apparatus c. the lysosome d. mitochondria e. membrane-bound ribosomes

____ 4. The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells? a. rough ER b. smooth ER c. Golgi apparatus d. Nuclear envelope e. Transport vesicles

____ 5. Organisms must constantly bring in certain molecules and ions while keeping others out. This function is accomplished by a. the nucleus b. lysosomes c. vesicles d. the plasma membrane e. the Golgi complex

____ 6. Certain organisms such as the striped bass (Morone saxatilis) are able to migrate between the ocean and freshwater streams. Consider when the striped bass migrates into freshwater streams; which one of the following situations would be necessary to maintain life? a. Ions must be kept within the cells while water is kept out. b. Water must be kept within the cells while ions are kept out. c. It is not possible for a living organism to survive in both the ocean and freshwater streams. d. The plasma membrane of the organism must change its phospholipid composition. e. The plasma membrane of the organism must change its protein composition.

____ 7. The major structural components of a cell membrane are ____. a. phospholipids and cellulose b. phospholipids, protein, and sterols c. protein and sterols d. glycolipids and proteins e. phospholipids and glycolipids

____ 8. In an aqueous environment, the phospholipids of a membrane ____. a. are arranged in a single layer b. are arranged in a bilayer with the polar heads of each layer located at the surface c. are arranged in a bilayer with the fatty acid tails located at the surface d. are arranged in a bilayer but the phospholipids have no specific orientation e. dissolve

____ 9. When referring to membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins, the term "glyco-" indicates ____. a. nonpolar carbohydrate groups are attached to the molecules b. polar carbohydrate groups are attached to the molecules c. the molecules are found on both the interior and exterior of the membrane d. the molecules are attached to the membrane by ionic bonds e. the molecules are rarely found on the membrane exterior

____ 10. The selective permeability of a membrane refers to ____. a. the movement of a molecule from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration. b. the ability of a substance to pass through a membrane c. the ability of only certain molecules to pass across a membrane d. the need for carrier proteins to transport some molecules e. the ability of molecules to be transported across the membrane only certain times of the day

____ 11. When a drop of food coloring is placed in a container of clear water, the colored dye molecules ____. a. undergo osmosis to a different location b. undergo active transport to a different location c. diffuse to the top of the container d. diffuse equally through out the container e. stay at the bottom of the container

____ 12. Transport of a molecule across a cell membrane by facilitated diffusion ____. a. exhibits specificity for a particular type of molecule b. requires the input of energy c. depends on a concentration gradient d. goes against the concentration gradient e. more than one answer is correct

____ 13. When a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the cell wall prevents ____. a. plasmolysis b. diffusion c. active transport d. the cell from bursting e. the cell from shrinking

____ 14. In plants, wilting of leaves and stems results from ____. a. hemolysis b. an increase in turgor pressure c. plasmolysis d. a lack of solutes in the cell e. a higher than normal concentration of water in the cell

____ 15. ____ is the net movement of uncharged molecules from a low concentration to a higher concentration. a. Active transport b. Facilitated diffusion c. Exocytosis d. Osmosis e. Diffusion

____ 16. The ____ is responsible for maintaining the membrane potential across the cell membrane. a. H+ pump b. Na+/K+ pump c. diffusion gradient d. Ca2+ pump e. osmotic ratio

____ 17. Mitosis results in ____. a. growth of an organism b. wound healing c. gamete formation d. replacement of old tissue e. all but one of these answers

____ 18. The duplication of the complete set of chromosomes in an organism's cell, followed by the separation of the duplicated chromosomes into two new cells is known as ____. a. mitotic cell division b. zygote formation c. binary fission d. meiotic cell division e. fertilization

____ 19. Once human nerve cells become mature, they normally exit the cell cycle and remain in ____. a. G0 b. G1 c. G2 d. S phase e. prophase

____ 20. Each of two daughter cells that result from the normal mitotic division of the original parent cell contains ____. a. the same number of chromosomes but different genes than the parent cell b. the same number of chromosomes and genes identical to those of the parent cell c. one half the number of chromosomes but different genes than those of the parent cell d. one-half of the number of chromosomes and genes identical to those of the parent cell

____ 21. Cytokinesis typically begins during which stage of mitosis? a. prophase b. prometaphase c. metaphase d. anaphase e. telophase

Use the figure above, which shows the various stages of mitosis in the blood lily Haemanthus, for the following question(s). Use the answers below to answer questions 22-26 a. interphase b. prophase c. metaphase d. anaphase e. telophase

____ 22. Identify the stage of mitosis in photo A.

____ 23. Identify the stage of mitosis in photo B.

____ 24. Identify the stage of mitosis in photo C.

____ 25. Identify the stage of mitosis in photo D.

____ 26. Identify the stage of mitosis in photo E.

____ 27. Organisms that reproduce asexually usually do so through the process of ____. a. mitosis b. meiosis c. gametogenesis d. spore formation e. fertilization

____ 28. In general, microtubules disassemble and consequently pull the chromatids to the ends of the spindle during ____. a. prophase b. interphase c. anaphase d. metaphase e. telophase

Matching: Match each of the following cellular structures with the function that best describes it. a. Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion. b. Location of genetic material. c. Synthesize subunits that will be used to assemble ribosomes. d. Site of protein synthesis. e. Composed of cellulose; provides support and protection. f. Synthesis of lipids. g. Conversion of fuel molecules into energy. h. Conversion of light energy into chemical energy. i. Storage site in plant cells. j. Synthesis of proteins for secretion. k. Chemically modifies proteins. l. Membrane-bound transport structure.

____ 29. ribosomes

____ 30. nucleus

____ 31. nucleoli

____ 32. lysosomes

____ 33. Golgi complex

____ 34. rough ER

____ 35. smooth ER

____ 36. mitochondria

____ 37. chloroplast

____ 38. vesicle

____ 39. central vacuole

____ 40. cell wall

Match each of the following cellular structures to the cell type it would be found in. An answer may be used once, more than once, or not at all. a. a feature of all living cells b. found in prokaryotic cells only c. found in eukaryotic cells only d. found in plant cells only e. found in animal cells only

____ 41. ribosome

____ 42. nucleus

____ 43. chloroplast

____ 44. cell membrane

____ 45. nucleoid

For each of the following statements, choose the most appropriate structure of the cytoskeleton from the list below. An answer may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

a. microfilaments b. microtubules c. intermediate filaments

____ 46. Involved in the process of cytoplasmic streaming

____ 47. Comprised of the hollow cylinders of tubulin monomers

____ 48. Comprised of two helically coiled actin monomers

____ 49. Involved in moving chromosomes during cell division

Match each of the following mechanisms of cellular transport with its correct definition. a. Movement of a molecule from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration. b. Cells internalize molecules into a cell by the inward budding of vesicles possessing receptors specific to the molecule being

transported. c. Movement of water from a hypotonic solution into a hypertonic solution across a selectively permeable membrane. d. Large particles are enveloped by the cell membrane and internalized. e. A process in which liquid droplets are ingested by living cells. f. Diffusion of molecules across the plasma membrane with the assistance of transport proteins.

____ 50. osmosis

____ 51. facilitated diffusion

____ 52. phagocytosis

____ 53. pinocytosis

____ 54. receptor-mediated endocytosis

____ 55. diffusion

Labeling: The micrographs of animal cells depict the effects of various aqueous environments on red blood cells placed in a hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic environment. Identify the correct term below.

____ 56. Isotonic

____ 57. Hypertonic

____ 58. Hypotonic

For the following question(s), identify the stage of mitosis where each of the following activities occurs. a. prophase b. prometaphase c. metaphase d. anaphase e. telophase

____ 59. Nuclear envelope disappears

____ 60. Duplicated chromosomes condense into chromosomes

____ 61. Mitotic spindle disassembles

____ 62. RNA synthesis shuts down

____ 63. Spindle fiber begins to form

____ 64. Chromosomes align at the center of the cell

____ 65. Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite spindle poles

____ 66. Daughter chromosomes decondense and the nuclear envelope reforms

Answers 1. E 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. B 10. C 11. D 12. E 13. D 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. E 18. A 19. A 20. B 21. E 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. E 26. C 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. K 34. J 35. F 36. G 37. H 38. L 39. I 40. E 41. A 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. B 46. A 47. B 48. A 49. B 50. C 51. F 52. D 53. E 54. B 55. A 56. C 57. A 58. B 59. B 60. A 61. E 62. A 63. A 64. C 65. D 66. E