s okoto c aliphate ewurakua dawson- amoah brianna diefenbach emily bolger
TRANSCRIPT
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SOKOTO CALIPHATE
Ewurakua Dawson- Amoah
Brianna Diefenbach
Emily Bolger
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THINGS TO EXPECT• Who were they?• Where were they located?• When did they exist?• What did they do?• The Rise and Fall of the Sokoto Caliphate• Sokoto Significance
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SOKOTO CALIPHATE
● Who established this empire/kingdom● Founded in 1804 by Uthman dan Fodio who became
the first Sultan of Sokoto (the first sarkin-musulmi commander of the faithful)
● Facts on Uthman dan Fodio● A Fulani religious leader and teacher who lived in the
Hausa city state of Hobir● From exile he called for holy war against the leaders of
Gobir and other Hausa city states● By gathering a large army of Fulani and Hausa
supporters, he conquered Gobir and eventually Sokoto, Kano, Katsina, and the other major city states.
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SOKOTO CALIPHATE● Facts Cont’d
● 1815-Uthman dan Fodio’s religious empire included most of what is now northern Nigeria and northern Cameroon
● Also influenced the holy wars in nearby regions and resulted in the creation of Islamic states in Senegal, Mali, and Chad
● He died in 1817-his son Muhammed Bello took charge of the eastern part of the empire which his brother Abdullahi became titular ruler of the western section
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WHERE AND WHAT
Where were they from?● Was born in the Hausa state of Gobir (now
Nigeria) in December of 1754
What facilitates the creation of the empire/kingdom?
● The empire developed as a result of the Fulani jihands (holy wars) which took place in the first decade of the 19th century.
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LOCATION• Located in:
● Northern Nigeria in Africa● One of the largest empires in Africa during the 19th
century
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WHEN DID THEY EXIST• Founded in 1804 by Uthman Fodio- The first
Sultan of Sokoto. • Began to disintegrate in 1890• Fall occurred in 1903
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WHAT DID THEY DO?➢ Served as the center of politics and
economics
➢ Strong armies led to successful conquests○ conquered numerous lands
➢ Promoted education○ Leaders contributed books of poetry and
texts on religion, politics, and history.
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THE RISE OF SOKOTO• Developed as a result of Fulani jihads (holy wars)
● Sought to protect/ establish Islamic states • Found in 1804 by Uthman dan Fodio religious
leader/teacher initiated the jihad • After dan Fodio’s death
● Muhammed Bello took charge of eastern part ● Abdullahi- western part
• Bello eventually took over entire area and by end of his rule in 1837 most populous empire in West
• Had significant trade over trans-Saharan routes• Known for military skills and promoted scholarship--
sparked literary revival with production of religious work
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THE FALL OF SOKOTO• British had more influence in the area after Berlin
Conference (1884-1885) • By 1890 internal rivalry brought civil war• European colonial armies encroached on the periphery of
the empire● Wanted more influence on Niger River
• By 1903 fell to French and British colonial armies• Great Britain mainly controlled the empire yet let the Sultan
to remain as ceremonial ruler – British ideas of peace, order and government taken into effect
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SOKOTO SIGNIFICANCE
Why wasn’t it conquered during the era of exploration?• No benefits to gaining the area• No civilizations/governments set up
● Explorers saw no need to try and create one without beneficial trade
How did Sokoto Caliphate affect other regions? • Provided inspiration for a series of holy wars in
other Islamic areas• Ideas of literacy and education helped spread
the religious beliefs
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THINGS TO THINK ABOUT
❖ Any questions??
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BIBLIOGRAPHYKevin Shillington, Encyclopedia of African History (New York: Fitzroy Dearborn,
2004).Mudasiru. “Sokoto Caliphate: It’s Rise and Fall.” International Islamic
University Malaysia. June 2009. Web. 8 February 2015. Roland Oliver and Michael Crowder, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Africa
(New York: Trewin Copplestone Books Limited, 1981); http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6110800.stm.
"Sultanate of Sokoto (Sokoto Caliphate) | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed." Sultanate of Sokoto (Sokoto Caliphate) | The Black
Past: Remembered and Reclaimed. Web. 4 Feb. 2015.“The Fall of Sokoto.” Webpulaaku.net. 1997-2014. Web. 1 February
2015.“Usman dan Fodio and the Sokoto Caliphate.” Countrystudies.us. Web.
1 February 2015.Yoo, Jiwon Amy. “Sultanate of Sokoto.” BlackPast.org: An
OnlineReference Guide to African American History. Blackpast.org, 2007- 2015. Web. 28 January 2015.