S . O . SS . O . S

. . . ------ ------ ------ . . .

s o ss o ss o ss o s

What is “S O S ”? What is “S O S ”? S.O.S: i An international recognized si

gnal (three dots,three dashes,three dots in Morse Code) used in radio telegraphy to call for help in distress. Usually it has been given strained

interpretations as “ Save Our Soul

(or ship)”.

Why does the author use “S O S ” as the title of this article?

Why does the author use “S O S ” as the title of this article?

The author uses S.O.S. as the title of this article in order to show that the topic being discussed here is about something of great urgency and requiring immediate attention.

s.o.s.s.o.s. 1. The environment is everything that* surrounds us: plants, animals, buildings, country, air, water — literally everything that can affect us in any way. The environment of a town, with* its buildings and traffic and its noise and smells, where everyone is on top of everyone else,is a far cry from that*of the countryside, with its fields and crops, its wild and domestic animals and its feeling of spaciousness. And the environment differs* in different parts of the world.

下列词或被这些词修饰的短语一般都要求用 that 引出定语从句 , 不能用 which: something,anything.nothing,all/any/no(books),little/much/any/no (water),the only/best/first(thing),etc. E.g.

1.All the books that I have read were borrowed from the library.

2.There will be no help that you can expect from others.

3.This reference book contains little/much that is useful.

4.This is the most wonderful article that has ever been written about the subject.

5. This is the second time that I have visited the city.

6. What is it that makes you so sad?

下列词或被这些词修饰的短语一般都要求用 that 引出定语从句 , 不能用 which: something,anything.nothing,all/any/no(books),little/much/any/no (water),the only/best/first(thing),etc. E.g.

1.All the books that I have read were borrowed from the library.

2.There will be no help that you can expect from others.

3.This reference book contains little/much that is useful.

4.This is the most wonderful article that has ever been written about the subject.

5. This is the second time that I have visited the city.

6. What is it that makes you so sad?

Because of having its buildings and ...Because of having its buildings and ...

is different is different

the environment the environment

exitexit

on top of:

1) 电梯里非常拥挤，人们互相挨在一起。　 The elevator was so crowded that everyb

ody was on top of each other.

2) 胜利一个接一个传来。　 Victories came on top of each other.

1) 电梯里非常拥挤，人们互相挨在一起。　 The elevator was so crowded that everyb

ody was on top of each other.

2) 胜利一个接一个传来。　 Victories came on top of each other.

(informal) very close to;or

following immediately after

C.f.That hill has a tower on top of it. (=on the top of it)

A far cry:A far cry:

1) The state of affair in industry is a far cry fr1) The state of affair in industry is a far cry from what it was last year.om what it was last year.

2) 2) 第一批电子计算机可以做很多事情，但与现第一批电子计算机可以做很多事情，但与现代计算机比就差远了。代计算机比就差远了。

　　 The first electronic computers could do loThe first electronic computers could do lots of work, but they were a far cry from a ts of work, but they were a far cry from a modern computer.modern computer.

3) 3) 今天的价格与三年前的比就大相径庭。今天的价格与三年前的比就大相径庭。　　 Prices today seem a far cry from those of Prices today seem a far cry from those of

three years ago.three years ago.

something very different; (a great contrast) something very different; (a great contrast)

C.f. It is a far cry from China to England.

s.o.s.s.o.s. 1. The environment is everything that* surrounds us: plants, animals, buildings, country, air, water — literally everything that can affect us in any way. The environment of a town, with* its buildings and traffic and its noise and smells, where everyone is on top of everyone else,is a far cry from that*of the countryside, with its fields and crops, its wild and domestic animals and its feeling of spaciousness. And the environment differs* in different parts of the world.

The environment is everything that surrounds us and acts upon us.The environment is everything that surrounds us and acts upon us.

2. Ecology is the science of how *living creatures and plants exist together and depend on each other and on the local environment. *Where an environment is undisturbed, the ecology of an area is in balance, but if a creature is exterminated or *an alien species introduced,then the ecology of the district will be upset* — in other words, the balance of nature will be disturbed.

“Living creatures” refer to all the living things; but here according to the context ,“living creatures” mean animals only.

“Living creatures” refer to all the living things; but here according to the context ,“living creatures” mean animals only.

=If an alien species is introduced,.. =If an alien species is introduced,..

Par 2 Ecology studies the relationships between living things and their environment. The ecology of an area can be in balance or out of balance.

Par 2 Ecology studies the relationships between living things and their environment. The ecology of an area can be in balance or out of balance.made in disordermade in disorder

哪里 ...... 哪里（就） ......哪里 ...... 哪里（就） ......

•Where there is a danger,we,PLA men,will appear on the spot.

•Where there is a will,there is a way.

•Where the environment is undisturbed,the ecology of an area is in balance.

1.The environment of a town,...where everyone is on top of ...

2.That is the very hotel where we spent our holidays.

3.I will go (to the place) where you go.

4.He lives (in the place) where the climate is mild.

1.The environment of a town,...where everyone is on top of ...

2.That is the very hotel where we spent our holidays.

3.I will go (to the place) where you go.

4.He lives (in the place) where the climate is mild.

3. Man is a part of the environment and has done more to upset the ecology during his short span on earth than any other living creature. He has *done this by his ignorance,his greed,and his wastefulness. 4. He has poisoned the atmosphere and polluted both land and water. *He has squandered the earth's natural resources with no thought for the future, and he has *thought out the most destructive ways of killing his fellow men—and *every other sort of life at the same time.

“Done this” means upset the ecology... “Done this” means upset the ecology...=Man has wasted the natural resources without considering the consequences (or what will follow as the results),...

=Man has wasted the natural resources without considering the consequences (or what will follow as the results),...

Par 3-4 Man is the main destroyer

of the environment.

Par 3-4 Man is the main destroyer

of the environment.

Here “life” doesn’t mean 生命 . It refers to living things collectively.

Here “life” doesn’t mean 生命 . It refers to living things collectively.

Consider carefully and make a plan for

Consider carefully and make a plan for

think out:

1) 在母语学习中，孩子的“老师”总是想出办法来使得每个难点都成为开心的游戏。

　 In native language study the child's "teachers" always think out ways to make every difficulty a merry game.

2) 这问题很难，等我有更多的时间，我必须把它想出来。

　 The question is very difficult. I must think it out when I have more time.

consider carefully and make a plan for

5. Since man has done so much damage,*it is up to man to try to put matters right — if it is not already too late.*If there is to be any remedy for our ills, that remedy ultimately lies in the hands of the young, and*the sooner they start doing something about it, the better. If there is to be any way to correct our mistakes(or if there

is any corrective for our damage or evils), the corrective can eventually be found by the young generation.

If there is to be any way to correct our mistakes(or if there is any corrective for our damage or evils), the corrective can eventually be found by the young generation.

Par 5 Man has the duty to put matters right/to correct what he has done wrongly.

Par 5 Man has the duty to put matters right/to correct what he has done wrongly.

......it isit is man man’s responsibility/duty’s responsibility/duty to correct his mista to correct his mistakes (or to make up for the damage he has done.)kes (or to make up for the damage he has done.)

１１ .. 由你来决定做试验的时间、地点和方法。由你来决定做试验的时间、地点和方法。

　　 It is up to you to decide when,where,and how to It is up to you to decide when,where,and how to make themake the 　　 experiment.experiment.

2.2. 保护环境免遭污染取决于我们自己。保护环境免遭污染取决于我们自己。

　　 It is up to ourselves to protect the environment frIt is up to ourselves to protect the environment from theom the 　　 pollution.pollution.

......it isit is man man’s responsibility/duty’s responsibility/duty to correct his mista to correct his mistakes (or to make up for the damage he has done.)kes (or to make up for the damage he has done.)

１１ .. 由你来决定做试验的时间、地点和方法。由你来决定做试验的时间、地点和方法。

　　 It is up to you to decide when,where,and how to It is up to you to decide when,where,and how to make themake the 　　 experiment.experiment.

2.2. 保护环境免遭污染取决于我们自己。保护环境免遭污染取决于我们自己。

　　 It is up to ourselves to protect the environment frIt is up to ourselves to protect the environment from theom the 　　 pollution.pollution.

C.f.1.Her English is not up to the mark.(=equal to)

2.The water in the pond was only up 　 to Bill’s

　　 knees.(=as high as)

C.f.1.Her English is not up to the mark.(=equal to)

2.The water in the pond was only up 　 to Bill’s

　　 knees.(=as high as)

越 ......( 就 )越 ......越 ......( 就 )越 ......

1. 我们出发得越早就到得越早。The sooner the earlier we start, we’ll get there.

2. 你工作越努力，你的进步就越大。The harder you work, the greater will be your progress.

The faster the higheryou throw something into the sky,

it goes.

the more...the more...the more...the more... the more...the more...the more...the more...

The more ,the better.

3. 你向空中抛扔东西的速度愈快，它就升得愈高。

We start early/soon.We get there early.

You work hard.Your progress will be great.

You throw something into the sky fast.It goes high.

6. One of the main causes of the earth's troubles is that the world is *overpopulated and that this overpopulation is growing at an *ever-increasing rate. At the same time we are using up our natural resources — fuels and mineral ores — at an ever-increasing rate with no hope of replacing them. ever=>forever

e.g.evergreen/everlasting/ever-developing

ever=>forever

e.g.evergreen/everlasting/ever-developing

over-=>too much (n--over-=>too much (n-->n;a-->a;v-->v) e.g.>n;a-->a;v-->v) e.g.

overdoseoverdose

overactive/overgrownoveractive/overgrown

overcharge/overworkovercharge/overwork

over-=>too much (n--over-=>too much (n-->n;a-->a;v-->v) e.g.>n;a-->a;v-->v) e.g.

overdoseoverdose

overactive/overgrownoveractive/overgrown

overcharge/overworkovercharge/overwork

Par 6 OverpopulationOverpopulation and the running and the running out of natural resources are the main out of natural resources are the main causes of the earth’s troublecauses of the earth’s trouble..

Par 6 OverpopulationOverpopulation and the running and the running out of natural resources are the main out of natural resources are the main causes of the earth’s troublecauses of the earth’s trouble..

7. For many years the earth has been unable to provide enough food for these rapidly expanding populations and the position is steadily deteriorating since the fertility of some of our richest soils has been lost and vast areas that were once fertile lands have *turned into deserts. And the trouble with deserts is that they tend to creep outwards on to the fertile soils.*What is now the northern Sahara Desert fed much of the civilized world 2,500 years ago.

Par 7 Lack of food,which is another trouble, is caused by the loss of the soil fertility.Par 7 Lack of food,which is another trouble, is caused by the loss of the soil fertility.

She turned her old dress into a skirt.She turned her old dress into a skirt.The refrigerator can turn water into ice.The refrigerator can turn water into ice.Soon her sorrow turned into joy.Soon her sorrow turned into joy.The wine has already turn into vinegar.The wine has already turn into vinegar.

He is not what he was two years ago.He is not what he was two years ago.

I don’t care about what he has done to me.I don’t care about what he has done to me.

I don’t know what is the main idea of the text.I don’t know what is the main idea of the text.What he said is not true.What he said is not true.

(cause to) become:

e.g.

(cause to) become:

e.g.

What--- 从句 What--- 从句

8.Even at this moment many of the earth's natural treasures are being destroyed, many valuable animals and plants are being *killed off, and it is becoming *increasingly difficult to grow enough food to *preserve much of the earth's population from starvation. The situation is getting *out of hand. Time is *running out. But*with your help, we may be able to reverse the trends which threaten our very existence.

destroy;get rid ofdestroy;get rid of

out of controlout of control

more and moremore and moreto be no longer in supplye.g.1.Oil has ~ out. (c.f.We have ~ out of oil.) 2.he hot water has ~ out gain, just when I wanted a bath.

to be no longer in supplye.g.1.Oil has ~ out. (c.f.We have ~ out of oil.) 2.he hot water has ~ out gain, just when I wanted a bath.

If you help, it is likely that we can correct the vicious tendency to endanger man’s existence.

If you help, it is likely that we can correct the vicious tendency to endanger man’s existence.

to save(sth/sb) from(usu. a bad fate)by taking caree.g. It is necessary to ~ our natural resources from being wasted. You should ~ your documents from gettingwet.

to save(sth/sb) from(usu. a bad fate)by taking caree.g. It is necessary to ~ our natural resources from being wasted. You should ~ your documents from gettingwet.

Par 8 The situation is getting out is control.Immediate remedies have to be applied to our ills.

Par 8 The situation is getting out is control.Immediate remedies have to be applied to our ills.

The outline of the article

The outline of the article1.Environment

1).environment:the whole of the circumstances surrounding us2).their influences upon us3).differences:

a).in the overcrowded urban areas

b).in the spacious rural areas

2.Ecology

1).the interrelationship of living things and surroundings

a).when in balance

b).when out of balance

2).the scientific study of the environments3.Man’s damages to the ecology

1).why:(out of greed,ignorance,and wastefulness)2).how::

a).pollution

b).overpopulation

c).exhaustion of natural resources

d).making fertile land into deserts

3).The situation is becoming worse and worse.4.Effective remedies have to be

immediately employed.