s. men, c. resagk, h. brauer, m. ziolkowski, m. kuilekov ilmenau university of technology 2d...
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S. Men, C. Resagk, H. Brauer,
M. Ziolkowski, M. Kuilekov
Ilmenau University of Technology
2D Measurements of Magnetic Field near the Interface between Two Fluids Carrying
an Electrical Current
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Motivation Theoretical Model Experimental Setup Results and Discussion Summary and outlook
Outline
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MotivationSeveral MHD applications in processing of materials: Aluminum reduction, steel/iron making, glass melting, crystal growth, etc. require deep knowledge of behaviors of the surface/interface of electrically conducting fluids.
the use of probes is difficult or even impossible (limited access and hostile environment).
necessary to develop appropriate methods for cell diagnosis.
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• Build up a magnetic sensor system to detect weak magnetic field (~nT);
• Develop optical techniques to observe interface displacement;
• Identify the main interface shape features by means of MFT.
Magnetic Field Tomography (MFT)
Construct a highly simplified aluminium reduction cell to investigate a MFT system
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Theoretical Model
M
Mm
N
nmnmmn mrkJAr
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cos,
V
o Vdrr
rrrJrB 34
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Experimental Setup
CCD camera
Lightsheet laser
Two-fluid cell:KOH+GaInSn
Pneumaticshaker
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Specifications:Measuring range: ±100µTOutput voltage: ±18.5mV/µTNoise: 30pT/HzBandwidth(-3dB): DC to 1.25kHzLinearity: 0.25%Orthogonality: 1°Operating temp: -40~+85°CZero drift: 100nT/KSupply voltage: 5V ±0.1V DCSupply current: 5mA effOutput impedance: <1kDimensions— sensor: 2mm15mm electronics: 26mm
2D fluxgate sensor-FXM 205
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Optical measurement of interface oscillation
Results and discussion
Mode 11 : fshaker=7.2-7.6Hz
fshaker=7.3Hz, Idc=1.0A, A=10.17mm
Mode 21 : fshaker=9.3-9.6Hz
fshaker=9.4Hz, Idc=1.0A, A=8.28mm
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electrolyteelectrolyte
liquid metalliquid metal
BBzz
BBrr
JJ00
Simulation of interface oscillation
mode 11, A=10mm
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Simulation of interface oscillation
mode 21, A=8.0mm
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Schematic of data acquisition and processing
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Signals of eight Bz and Br at fshaker=7.3Hz, z=57.5mm
Magnetic field measurements
Peak at 3.65Hz Subharmonic at interface
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Contour line of mode 11 at 1.0A, fshaker=7.3Hz
Forward calculationMeasurements
Bz Bz
Br Br
A=9.5-10.5mm A=10.0mm
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Mode 21 at fshaker=9.4Hz, Idc=1.0A
Forward calculationMeasurement
A=7.5-8.5mm A=8.0mm
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Interface modemn, A
FEM3DExtract current
density
Biot-Savartlaw
Magnetid flux densityIn sensor positions
Flow chart of interface reconstruction
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Reconstructed interface
CF12% CF 16%
mode 21mode 11
%100
1
22
1
22
Nsensor
i
measri
measzi
Nsensor
i
measriri
measzizi
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1. A sensor ring consisting of eight 2D sensors is suitable to measure the magnetic field near the oscillating interface between two electrically conducting fluids for modes m2, n3.
2. Forward calculation by FEM3D based on the optical measurement is consistent well with the experimental results.
3. Evolutionary algorithm is effective for the magnetic field tomography to reconstruct a non-axisymmetric interface of a low mode.
4. Better experimental results (smaller reconstruction error) can be expected when more sensors in one ring and/or more sensor rings are applied.
5. A rectangular cell whose shape is similar to an aluminium reduction cell will be investigated a little later.
Summary and outlook
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Thank you for your attention!