1. Simulation of Fog Over Northern Punjab (Pakistan & India)

2. Simulation of Emissions Over South Asia

S. Faisal (Pakistan), P.Huszár (Slovakia), A.C. Pandey (India)

ICTP Trieste, 2003

Group 1

Domain Parameters

Grid: Southern AsiaCenter point:

Latitude 22.00N Longitude: 73.00E

Domain size: 90x70Horizontal Resolution: 80kmNumber of vertical levels: 18(winter), 23(summer) Model Top Pressure: 100mb(winter), 50mb(summer) Projection: Rotated MercatorLanduse dataset: NCAR/PSU 10min resolutionVegetation type: GLCC Vegetation

DATASETS NCEP NNRP2 Re-analyses OISST sea surface temperature CRU dataset

RUN Parameters Fog Simulation: 1.Dec.-31.Dec, 1998 Tracer Simulation: 1.Dec.-31.Dec,1998

(Emissions Taken from Dec 1997) Monsoon Simulation: 1.June, 2002 – 31.June, 2002

Domain Terrain

Temperature PrecipitationM

od

el F

ield

sC

RU

Dat

a

Satellite View of The Fog in Visible Channel

Winter Fog ( Jhelum )

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1991 - 1992 1992 - 1993 1993 - 1994 1994 - 1995 1995 - 1996 1996 - 1997 1997 - 1998 1998 - 1999 1999 - 2000

Winter Fog ( Faisalabad )

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1991 - 1992 1992 - 1993 1993 - 1994 1994 - 1995 1995 - 1996 1996 - 1997 1997 - 1998 1998 - 1999 1999 - 2000

Winter Fog ( Sialkot )

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1991 - 1992 1992 - 1993 1993 - 1994 1994 - 1995 1995 - 1996 1996 - 1997 1997 - 1998 1998 - 1999 1999 - 2000

Significant Fog Over Northern Punjab

Specific humidity over investigated areas

Specific Humidity at 780hPa

Relative Humidity Wind 10m

Evidence of Fog

Haze Over North Indian Ocean

Vertically Integrated Amount of Aerosols & Streamlines 1998 December

Large scale & Convective rain deposition – December 1998

TemperatureTracer Run Control Run

Absorbed Solar FluxTracer Run Control Run

Tracer Run Control Run

Precipitation

Total precipitation (mm) 2002 June

Precipitation field Wind field

Summer Monsoon

Summer Monsoon Circulation – June 2002

Conclusions• RegCM3 is able to give signatures of fog in

Northern Punjab in terms of specific and relative humidity.

• The simulation of the vertically integrated emissions and its dispersal with wind in the month of December is close to the observed trends.

• The effect of aerosols only on climate without black carbon due to fossil fuel burning seems to have negligible effect and inconclusive.