s c o r e s ystem for co urseware re use

www.ipd.uni-karlsruhe.de/SCORE 1/38

S C O R ESystem for Courseware Reuse

Prof. Dr. P.C. LockemannDipl.-Inform. Khaldoun AteyehDr. Birgitta König-Ries

Dipl.-Inform. Michael KleinDipl.-Inform Jutta Mülle

Institute for Program Structures and Data OrganizationUniversity of Karlsruhe

www.ipd.uni-karlsruhe.de/SCORE www.vikar.de


Outline

Motivation: Why Courseware Reuse

Goal of SCORE

Our ApproachAtoms, Modules, CoursesAspectsModule Types Ontology

Course Development in DetailSCORE.CourseBuilderSCORE.SearchSCORE.ModuleBuilderSCORE.Export

Summary


Motivation

The development of multimedia courseware

• is a very difficult and costly process• is an interdisciplinary process• has high requirements on creativity• has to take psychological and

ergonomical aspects into consideration

Why do we need to reuse Courseware?


Motivation: Current Situation

• Current courseware tends towards a monolithic structure mixing content, structure, and presentation

• Current courseware is difficult to:• extend• maintain• update• reuse


Requirements: Courseware

• Modular courseware• Adaptable courseware

• Adaptability to different university types • Adaptability to students • Adaptability to educators • Adaptability to learning form

• Support for cooperation• Support for open standards • Effective search and discovery mechanisms


Outline


Goal of SCORE



Summary


Goal

• Raising the quality and reducing the costs of courseware development

• Providing support for cooperative development, reuse, and exchange of courseware

• Creating adaptable Courseware to meet the requirements of different authors, educators and students


Outline


Goal of SCORE



Summary


Our Approach

To meet our goals we propose to:• Divide courseware into self-contained

learning modules • Separate different aspects such as

content, structure, and presentation• Create community and domain-specific

ontology• Use standardized metadata


Our Approach: Atoms, Modules & Course

• The basic building blocks of our solution are learning atoms

• Each learning atom contains a specific learning unit, e.g., a definition, an example, a proof

• Learning atoms that deal with a semantically closed set of contents form learning modules

• a course is composed out of modules and deals with a specific context


Our Approach: Aspects

• In order to allow the reusability of learning modules, they have to be adaptable

• Beside the adaptability of the content it has to be possible to adapt other aspects such as didactics and presentation

• This kind of adaptability can be achieved by treating different aspects separately


Our Approach: Module Types (1)

Thus, technically a learning module has three variations:

Content Structure Presentation

IntegrationModule

StructuralModule

PresentationalModule

deal mostly with content aspects add, as their name suggests, structure to integration modules, i.e., they allow to choose learning atoms out of an integration module and to describe the order in which they should be used

add a presentation form to structural modules, e.g. allowing the contents to be viewed online, to be printed, etc.


Our Approach: Module Types (2)

Learning module

IntegrationModul

StructuralModule

PresentationalModule

Lerning Content(from

SCORE.Ontology)mediate


Our Approach

Views of single authors

Presentational modulePrint view

Presentational moduleDistance learning view

Presentational modulePrint view

Group of authors

Learning Subject

Integration Module

Learning unitLearning unit Learning unit

Integration Module Type

StructuralModule Type

PresentationalModule Type

Structural module Structural module Structural module

Presentational moduleFace-to-face view

cooperation + content

choice, structure, didactics

presentation


Our Approach: Metadata

• Metadata is used to describe the various aspects of a learning object

• Base on the Metadata standard “Learning Object Metadata LOM”


Nr Gruppe Name Bemerkung Vielfältigkeit Typ Domäne

1 General Allgemeine Eigenschaften des Lernobjekts1_1 General Identifier Eindeutiger Schlüssel des Zielobjekts einfach String1_2 General Title Titel des Lernobjekts einfach LangString1_4 General Language Sprache des Lernobjekts Liste, max 10 Eintr. String ISO639/ISO31661_5 General Description Inhaltsbeschreibung des Lernobjekts Liste, max 10 Eintr. LangString1_6 General Keyword Keyword-Beschreibung der Ressource Liste, max 10 Eintr. LangString1_9 General Aggregationlevel Funktionelle Größe des Objekts einfach Vocabulary 1=Atom, 2=Modul, 4=Kurs

2 Lifecycle Lebenszyklus der Ressource2_1 Lifecycle Version Versionsnummer des LO einfach LangString2_2 Lifecycle Status Bearbeitungsstatus des LO einfach Vocabulary Draft, Final, Revised, Unavailable2_3 Lifecycle Contribute Person oder Org. die zu LO in Bezug steht Liste, max 30 Eintr.

2_3_1 Lifecycle Role Art der Beteiligung einfach Vocabulary Author, Editor, Graphical Designer, ...2_3_2 Lifecycle Entity Beteiligte Entitäten Liste, max 40 Eintr. String vCard2_3_3 Lifecycle Date Datum der Beteiligung einfach DateType

4 Technical4_1 Technical Format Datentyp der Ressource Liste, max 40 Eintr. String MIME4_2 Technical Size Größe der Ressource einfach Number4_3 Technical Location Zugriffspfad für Ressource Liste, max 10 Eintr. String

5 Educational Bildungsrelevante Eigenschaften5_1 Educational Interactivitytype Art der Interaktivität einfach Vocabulary Active, Expositive, Mixed, Undefined5_2 Educational Learningresourcetype Art der Ressource, dominanteste zuerst Liste, max 10 Eintr. Vocabulary Excercise, Simulation, Diagram, ...5_3 Educational Interactivitylevel Ebene der Interaktivität einfach very low, low, medium, high, very high5_5 Educational Intendedenduserrole Benutzerrolle Liste, max 10 Eintr. Vocabulary Teacher, Author, Learner, Manager5_6 Educational Context Zielgruppe Liste, max 4 Eintr. Vocabulary University First Cycle, ...5_9 Educational Typicallearningtime Zeit zum Bearbeiten der Ressource einfach DateType ISO8601

5_10 Educational Description Beschreibung, wie Ressource genutzt werden solleinfach LangString7 Relation rein strukt. Bez. zu anderen Ressourcen Liste, max 100 Eintr.

7_1 Relation Kind Art der Beziehung einfach Vocabulary IsPartOf, IsBasedOn, Requires, ...7_2 Relation Resource Zielobjekt einfach

7_2_1 Relation Identifier Eindeutiger Schlüssel des Zielobjekts einfach String8 Annotation Kommentare zum Wert der Ressource Liste, max 30 Eintr.

8_1 Annotation Person Person einfach String vCard8_2 Annotation Date Datum einfach DateType8_3 Annotation Description Anmerkung einfach LangString

9 Classification Klassifizierung der Ressource Liste, max 40 Eintr.9_4 Classification Keyword Keyword-Beschreibung der Ressource Liste, max 40 Eintr. LangString

Extensions Moduletype Typ eines Lernmoduls einfach String 0-3(0 = Virtual, 1 = Integration, 2 = Structural, 3 = Presentational)

Structural Relationships to other Learning Objects

Content Relationship to other Learning Objects in the Ontology

Lifecycle of the Learning Object

Technical Aspects of the Learning Object

Educational Aspects

Type of a Learning Module

Annotation Information

SCORE-Metadata-StandardGeneral characteristics of the Learning Object


Our Approach: Ontology

• A set of concept definitions and their relationships

• A common basis for cooperation and exchange within one community

• A browsing space


Outline


Goal of SCORE



Summary


Course Development in Detail

In the following, we will present in some detail how our approach can be used to build a course.


Outline: Course Development in Detail



Course Development

Existing modules

Search modules

Suitable modules

Course with metadata

Define a course structure

Assemble montage

Search

Metadata editor

PresentationGenerator

Release course

Uploader

StructuringTool Export

ModuleBuilder


Existing modules

Search modules

Suitable modules



Assemble montage

Search

Metadata editor


Release course

Uploader

StructuringTool

SCORE.CourseBuilder

Export

ModuleBuilder

Define a course structure• The course structure defines at this stage a first outline or a concept of the course• It includes the separation of the course into modules and a specification of each module • This step could also be conducted later (after the “search modules“ step)

Course Development: CourseBuilder (1)


StructuringTool

Course

"if-Clause" (empty) Learning Module

if-Clause

Present TenseBasic Rule

Present TenseExceptions

Future Tense

Course Development: CourseBuilder (2)

Course idea

Ontology

if-Clause

PresentFuture

Basic Rule Exception

isPrereq.

isPartOf isPartOf

isPrereq.

Tense


Existing modules

Search modules

Suitable modules



Assemble montage

Search

Metadata editor


Release course

Uploader


ModuleBuilder

Search modules• for every virtual module search a suitable module in module repositories (SCORE, ARIADNE,…)• the search could be conducted in form of queries or browsing an ontology space for the subject

SCORE.SearchProvides a detailed search based on theSCORE.Metadata. It provides also an ontology browser.

Course Development: Search


SCORE.Repository

Future Tense

PresentationModule

Meta

Course Development: Search (2)

Course

"if-Clause"

if-Clause



Future Tense


IntegrationModule

Meta

if-ClauseStructuralModule

Meta

Rule forto go Meta

Atom

SCORE.Search

SCORE.Search


Existing modules

Search modules

Suitable modules



Assemble montage

Search

Metadata editor


Release course

Uploader


ModuleBuilder

SCORE.ModuleBuilderThis tool is used to deal with all aspects of a module

Assemble montage•adapt found modules to specific needs• develop unavailable modules• connect modules by adding course specific (context specific) materials• add and extract metadata for the course• generate a presentation for the course

Course Development: ModuleBuilder (1)



SCORE.ModuleBuilder

Course

"if-Clause"

if-Clause



Future Tense

SCORE.StructureModuleBuilder


Template

Rule1. Example2. ExampleExercise

Example (XML)Motivation

(ppt)

Example(XML)

Basic Rule(txt)

needs

IM: Present Tense Basic Rule


SCORE.ModuleBuilder


Rule

1. Example

2. Example

Exercise

Basic Rule(txt)

„The verb ends with –s after he/she/it."

<exp>He reads the book 'Harry Potter'.</exp>

<exp>It tells the story of a sorcerer</exp>

Example(XML)

Example(XML)

benötigt

none yet She ___ (to like) the book, too.


Course

"if-Clause"

if-Clause



Future Tense

Course

"if-Clause"

if-Clause



FutureTense

SCORE.ModuleBuilder


SCORE.ModuleBuilder

• Creation of new integration modules

• Adding structure to integration modules to form structural modules

• semi-automatic conversion of structural modules to presentational modules


Existing modules

Search modules

Suitable modules



Assemble montage

Search

Metadata editor


Release course

Uploader

StructuringTool

SCORE.Export

Export

ModuleBuilder

Release course• upload and publish course• export course

Course Development: Export (1)


Course Development: Export (2)

Course

"if-clause"

if-clause

Present Tensebasic rule


FutureTense

SCORE.ExportOther

Repository

SCORE.Export

SCORE.Repository(TAMINO-XML)

OtherRepositories


Outline


Goal of SCORE



Summary


Summary (1)

• Basic Problem:• Courseware development is extremely costly

and time consuming

• Desirable:• Reusable courseware, i.e. create courseware

in a way that allows to use parts of it in other contexts, for other audiences and by other educators

• this is prevented by monolithic courses • that do not separate contents from structure and

presentation• do not identify semantic units of teaching


Summary (2)

• Our approach:• divide contents into smallest semantic units• combine related units to form modules• separate different aspects, in particular:

contents, structure, presentation• provide tools to help

• devise a course structure• find existing materials that cover the topics needed• structure contents according to individual needs• adapt material to presentation requirements.


Thank you!

Thank you for your interest!

Additional information can be found athttp://www.ipd.uni-karlsruhe.de/SCORE

s c o r e s ystem for co urseware re use

Documents

presentationcurrent

courseware reuseprof

integration modules

structural modules

specific learning unit

proof learning atoms

content aspects

educators adaptability