rxe n avqbvqbkvix wewkigbi cÖfve · md. mustafijur rahman chief engineer. bangladesh atomic energy...
TRANSCRIPT
1
63rd BAERA Training Course on Radiation Protection
for Radiation Control Officers (RCOs) of Diagnostic
X-ray Installations
Bangladesh Atomic Energy Regulatory Authority.
29-30 April, 2019
Rxe†`‡n AvqbvqbKvix wewKi‡bi cÖfve
TL-7: Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
Md. Mustafijur Rahman
Chief Engineer.
Bangladesh Atomic Energy Regulatory Authority
2
Early Observations of the Effects of
Ionizing Radiation
• 1895 X Rays discovered by Roentgen
• 1896 First skin burns reported
• 1896 First use of X Rays in the treatment of cancer
• 1896 Becquerel: Discovery of radioactivity
• 1897 First cases of skin damage reported
• 1902 First report of X Ray induced cancer
• 1911 First report of leukaemia in humans and lung
cancer from occupational exposure
• 1911 94 cases of tumour reported in Germany
(50 being radiologists)
3
W.C. Röntgen received the 1st Nobel Prize for
Physics in 1901
First cancer therapy with X-rays in the year 1899
4
Thor Stenbeck treated a
carcinoma of the nose of a 49-
years old women. 100
irradiations in the course of 9
months. The patient survived
with good health 30 years
Tage Sjörgen cured a
carcinoma by 50
irradiations during 30
months
5
Pathways of Radiation interaction with Human body
Module 26 5
Radiation CausesRadiation Causes IonisationIonisation Of:Of:ATOMSATOMS
which will affectwhich will affect
MOLECULESMOLECULES
which may affectwhich may affect
CELLSCELLS
which may affectwhich may affect
TISSUESTISSUES
which may affectwhich may affect
ORGANSORGANS
which may affectwhich may affect
THE WHOLE BODYTHE WHOLE BODY
Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
কষতি
কষতি
কষতি
কষতিগরসথ
কষতিগরসথ6
DNA Damage by Radiation
7
•Ionizing radiation can also impair or damage cells indirectly by creating free
radicals
*Free radicals may form compounds, such as hydrogen peroxide, which could
initiate harmful chemical reactions within the cells. As a result of these
chemical changes, cells may undergo a variety of structural changes which
lead to altered function or cell death
8
Radiation Effects
Ionizing radiation
interacts at the
cellular level:• ionization
• chemical changes
• biological effect
cell
nucleus
chromosomes
incident
radiation
9
Ionising Radiation and Human
Cellular Level
Normal repair of damage
Daughter cells die
Cell dies from damage
No repair or non-identicalrepair before reproduction
10
2.1 AvqbvqbKvix wewKi‡bi cÖfve
gvbe‡`‡n wewKi‡bi cÖfve cÖavbZ `yB ai‡bi n‡q _v‡K|
h_v-
Deterministic effects
Stochastic effects
11
2.2 Deterministic effects
GwU GKwU wbw`©ó gvÎvi Dci wbf©i K‡i|
wewKiY m¤úv‡Zi gvÎv বদধির mv‡_ mv‡_ ¶‡Zi ZxeªZv বদধি
cvq
cÖwZwµqvi ZxeªZv m¤úv‡Zi GKwU ননযিম gvÎvi
(Threshold) AwZwi³ m¤úvZ cÖvwßi mgvbvycvwZK|
m¤úvZ cÖvwßi K‡qK N›Uvi, K‡qKw`b ev K‡qK mßv‡ni
মধযয GB ai‡bi cÖfve cwijw¶Z n‡q _v‡K|
D`vnib ¯^iƒc - Z¡K jvj n‡q hvIqv (erythema)
†iwW‡qkb evb© ev Z¡‡Ki cÖ`vn, †iwW‡qkb wmK‡bm wm‡Ûªvg,
†Pv‡L Qvwb cov ইিযাতি |
12
2.3 Stochastic effects
GwU †Kvb gvÎvi Dci wbf©i K‡i bv|
GwU m¤úvZ cÖvwßi mv‡_ mgvbycvwZK A_©vr wewKiY m¤úvZ বদধি
n‡j m¤¢ebv বদধি cvq
GwU †h †Kvb gvÎvi m¤úv‡Zi d‡j hw` wW Gb G কষতিগরসথ nq
†m‡¶‡Î NU‡Z cv‡i |
ïaygvÎ GKwU †Kv‡l রপানতধরর d‡jB কযানসার †iv‡Mi m „wó
n‡Z cv‡i Ges G †iv‡Mi ZxeªZvI m¤úv‡Zi gvÎvi Dci wbf©ikxj
bq|
Gai‡bi cÖwZwµqv mvavibZ 10-15 ermi ci cwijw¶Z nq|
D`vniY ^iƒc - কযানসার Ges Rb¥MZ তরটি |
13
2.4. Other Effects
(a) Somatic Effects
†`n †Kvl wewKiY m¤úvZ cªvß nB‡j N‡U _v‡K |
ïaygvÎ wewKiY m¤úvZ cÖvßi বযদধির মধযয সীমাবি _v‡K |
†h সমসত AsM/Kjvi wewKib ms‡e`bkxjZv hZ ‡ekx †m mKj
AsM/Kjv ZZ দরি আকরানত ev ¶wZMÖ ’ nq|
wewKib ms‡e`bkxj AsM mgyn n‡jv-
AwZgvÎv t Aw ’g¾v, cxnv, wjç‡bvW, AÛ‡Kvl, †Pv‡Li
gwb, wj‡çvmvBU
মযযমাতরা t Z¡K, hK…Z, ü`wcÛ, dzmdzm|
Aí gvÎv t gvsm †ckx, nvo, mœvqyZš ¿
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(b) Genetic Effects
wewKib Øviv Rbb‡Kvl (Germcell)আকরানত ev ¶wZMÖ ’ n‡j |
cwiewZ©Z/রপানততরি Rbb †Kvl Rxb ms‡K‡Zi মাযযধম m¤úvZ |
cÖvß বযদধির cieZ©x cÖR‡b¥i মধযয GB তরটির সটি Ki‡Z cv‡i|
G‡K wejw¤Z cÖfve e‡j|
GwU mvaviYZ 10/15 ermi ci cwijw¶Z nq|
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(c) Acute effects
hw` AwZ Aí mg‡qi মধযয me©v½ ev Lye †ekx cwigvb †Kvl
Kgc‡¶ 1 sv Gi †ekx cwigvb AvqbvqbKvix wewKib m¤úvZ
cÖvß nq Zv n‡j K‡qK N›Uv ev mßv‡ni মধযয সদধিতিি DcmM©
wb‡q GK we‡kl kvixwiK DcmM© †`Lv †`q G‡K (Acute
Radiatin Syndrome) e‡j|
mvaviYZ ewg ewg fve, gv_v বযথা, ewg, Wvqwiqv, AwZwi³
~e©jZv, wSgv‡bvfve, Z¡‡Ki cÖ`vn, Zvc †e‡o DVv ইিযাতি|
GgbwK m¤úvZ cÖvß বযদধির মিযI NU‡Z cv‡i|
16
‡kvwlZ wewKi‡bi cwigvb Gi Dci wbf©i K‡i ARS wbgœewY©Z wZb
ai‡bi n‡q _v‡K|
1| †n‡gvcqwUK Haemooitic) (wmb‡Wªvg (1-10Gy )
2| গযাধরাইনধিসটিনাি (Gastrointestinal) wmb‡Wªvg (10-15Gy
)
3| †m›Uªvj bvf©vm তসধেম (Central Nervous System Gy) )
wmb‡Wªvg (20-50Gy )
Acute effects
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2.4.1 †n‡gvcqwUK wmb‡Wªvg
1-10 Gy
j¶Y mg~n K‡qK N›Uvi মধযয শর nq|
hw` m¤úvZ 2 Gy nq 50% Rbmvavi‡bi মধযয 2 N›Uvi মধযয
ewg শর n‡e|
G‡¶‡Î Aw ’g¾vq আকরানত nIqvq i³ KwbKvi সংখযা we‡kl K‡i
wj‡çvmvB‡Ui সংখযা 24 N›Uvi মধযয wb‡P bvg‡Z _v‡K|
cieZ©x‡Z AbyPwµKv I অনযানয iw³ KwbKvi সংখযা 30w`‡bi
মধযয †ewk gvÎvq wb‡P †b‡g Av‡m|
i³¶ib I †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv nvwi‡q m¤úvZ cÖvß বযদধির 1-2
gv‡mi মধযয মিয য N‡U|
18
2.4.2 গযাধরাইনধিসটিনাি wmb‡Wªvg
10-15 Gy m¤úvZ cÖvß n‡j Zxeª গযাধরাইনধিসটিনাি j¶b
†`Lv hvq|
G‡¶‡Î গযাধরাইনধিসটিনাি Z‡š¿i Bwc‡_wjqvg aŸsm n‡q
hvIqvq Wvqwiqv, ewg, IRb Kg, ZvcgvÎv evov I wWnvB‡Wªkb,
Bb‡dKkb|
i³Pvc †ekx gvÎvq K‡g wM‡q 2 mßv‡ni মধযয m¤úvZ cÖvß
বযদধির মিয য N‡U|
19
2.4.3 †m›Uªvj bvf©vm তসধেম wmb‡Wªvg
hLb m¤úvZ 20-50 Gy ev Zvi †P‡q †ekx|
†m›Uªvj bvf©vm তসধেম wbw¯Œq n‡q hvq|
m¤úvZ cÖvß বযদধির k¦vmcÖk¦vm I ü`wc‡Ûi Kvh©KvwiZv nvwi‡q I
মদধসতসক cÖ`v‡ni িরন K‡qK N›Uv †_‡K 48 N›Uvi মধযয মিয য N‡U|
20
Acute effects
AwZwi³ m¤úv‡Zi d‡j †`‡ni †Kvb mxwgZ Ask আকরানত ev
¶wZMÖ ’ nq Zv‡K Local radiation injury/radiation Burn
e‡j|
Radiation Burn/Z¡‡Ki wewKi‡bi wbgœwjwLZ cÖwZwµqv t
(1) Z¡K L‡m cov (desquamation -10-15Gy)
(2) Z¡‡Ki ¶Z (Ulceration)-20 Gy
(3) Pzj c‡o hvIqv (epilation-5-7 Gy)
(4) Z¡‡Ki মিয য (Radionecrosis-25Gy)
(5) Z¡‡Ki cPb (Gangrane-30Gy)
21
Acute effects
22
3. Delayed effects
m¯úvZ cªvwßi A‡bK eQi ci G ai‡bi সবাসথ সমসযা †`Lv †`q
দরি cÖwZwµqv †_‡K আধরাগয jv‡fi ciI cieZ©x mg‡q wejw¤^Z
cÖwZwµqv n‡Z cv‡i|
mvaviYZ `xN©Kvjxb m¤úvZ cÖvß বযদধিধির মধযয GwU †`Lv w`‡Z
cv‡i
Gi d‡j wewfbœ ai‡bi কযানসার, †Pv‡Li Qvwb, বানধতব ইিযাতি †`Lv
w`‡Z cv‡i
Gi d‡j ˆ`wnK I Rb¥MZ তরটি n‡q _v‡K|
23
24X-ray investigation in 1906.
Monument from the year 1936 at St. Georgs Hospital at
Hamburg/Germany exhibiting today the names 379 doctors,
scientists and others which lost their lives because of their
work with X-rays and radium.
25
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4. Dcmsnvi
wewKi‡bi h_vh_ বযবহার bv Ki‡j A_ev wewKib RwbZ ~N©Ubvi
Kvi‡b bvbv ai‡bi ˆ`wnK ¶wZKi সমসযার m „wó nq|
wewKi‡bi gvÎv evo‡j wewKi‡bi cÖwZwµqv evovi m¤¢vebv _v‡K|
ZvB G welqwU †iwWIMÖvdvi I †iwWIjwRó‡`i জনয LyeB
গরতবপর ণ| সসজনয
m¤úv‡Zi gvÎv I সংখযা Kgv‡Z n‡e|
m¤úv‡Zi RvqMv h_vm¤¢e Kwg‡q wb‡Z n‡e|
wb‡Riv Ges hviv GB cÖwZwµqvi mv‡_ KvR Ki‡e Zv‡`i
hZUv cviv hvq †kvwlZ wewKi‡bi gvÎv Kwg‡q Avb‡Z n‡e|
cwiwgZ gvÎvi wewKib w`‡q Kvw•LZ Qwe cÖ ‘Z KivB n‡e
mswkó mevi উধেশয|