RwandaTHE FIRST OFFICIAL GENOCIDE SINCE WORLD WAR II

IT PITTED TWOTRIBES AGAINST

EACH OTHER:DR of

CONGO

HUTU AND TUTSI

RWANDA

MOBUTUSUPPORTED THE

HUTUS.

RWANDA WASUNDERGOING A

GENOCIDALCIVIL WAR.

RawandRawandanan

HISTORYHISTORYDURING THE AGE OF IMPERIALISM,DURING THE AGE OF IMPERIALISM,

RWANDA WAS A GERMAN HOLDING.RWANDA WAS A GERMAN HOLDING.

BELGIAN FORCES INVADED THEBELGIAN FORCES INVADED THECOUNTRY DURING WW1, DEFEATINGCOUNTRY DURING WW1, DEFEATING

THE GERMANS. WHEN GERMANYTHE GERMANS. WHEN GERMANYLOST WW1, THE LAND WENT TOLOST WW1, THE LAND WENT TO

BELGIUM AND THE U.N. BELGIUM AND THE U.N.

MANY BELIEVE THATTHE HUTU AND

TUTSI PEOPLE WEREORIGINALLY ONE

PEOPLE BUT WEREDIVIDED BY

THE GERMAN ANDBELGIAN COLONISTS.

THE BELGIANS CERTAINLYPLAYED ON ARTIFICIAL

DIFFERENCES BETWEENTHE TWO, AND ULTIMATELY

PLACED THE TUTSIS IN POWER.

ACCORDING TOTHE BELGIANS...

TUTSI are taller and more elegant. They are believed to be finer featured and

more intelligent. includes anyone with 10 or more cattle.

HUTU were seen as rougher featured.Most were farmers and subjugated to Tutsi rule.

14% TUTSI14% TUTSI85% HUTU85% HUTUTUTSI WERE GIVEN POWERTUTSI WERE GIVEN POWER

KING MUTARA III(a Tutsi) ruled Rwanda from 1939-1959.

He is greeted byKING BAUDOIN

of BELGIUM

Under TUTSIrule, and at the

request of BELGIUM,all citizens wereforced to carryidentification

starting in 1935.

THESE WOULDBE USED UPUNTIL THE

GENOCIDE IN1994.

BELGIAN RULE ENDED IN 1962.

MISSIONARIES PERSUADED THEM(3 years prior to departure) TO SHIFT

THEIR SUPPORT TO THE DOWN-TRODDEN HUTUS.

IN 1959, HUTUS GAINED POWERTHROUGH ELECTIONS AND BEGAN

PERSECUTING TUTSIS WHILEBELGIUM LOOKED ON.

PRESIDENT

GREGORYKAYABANDA

He was a HUTU elected in1962 with the agenda ofsweeping all TUTSI frompower. He coined the term

HutuHutupowerpower

Tutsi fled to other nations.Those who stayed were tolerated if they confinedtheir activities to businessor agriculture.

They did not have access tocollege or positions in themilitary or government.

(KAY-A-BAND-A)

MAJOR GENERAL

JUVENALHABYARIMANA

HE WAS REPLACED IN 1972 BY THIS MAN...

(HAB-YEAH-A-MANA)

He shared power with Hutus in the north and created an era of ethnic harmony withthe Tutsi. He did not allow exiled Tutsi to return to the country.

D.R. CONGO

RWANDA

UGANDA

In 1990 TUTSI rebelswho had escaped

to UGANDAformed a INSURGENTgroup called the RPF.

RWANDAN PATRIOTICFRONT

They invaded Rwandaand were stopped by

French troopsnear Kigali.

IN 1993, PRESIDENTHABYARIMANA

(HAB-YA-A-MANA)

HOLDS THE ARUSHAACCORDS.

HE AGREES TO ALLOWOPPOSITION PARTIES

TO RUN FOR GOVERNMENT POSTS.

He becomes hated by HUTUS whobelieve he is giving up their power andTUTSI’S who are angry when he stalls

implementation.

HATE RADIO

IN 1993 RADIO STATION RTLM CALLS FORTHE KILLING OF ALL TUTSI IN THE COUNTRY.

THEY OPENLY BROADCAST HATE-FILLEDPROPAGANDA.

ON APRIL 6TH 1994, PRESIDENTHABYARIMANA (HAB-YEAH-A-MANA) WAS KILLED

WHEN HIS FALCON 50 JET WASSHOT DOWN NEAR KIGALI.

THE PRESIDENT OF BURUNDI IS ALSO KILLED. THE PLANE CRASHED ONTO THE GROUNDS OFTHE PRESIDENTIAL RESIDENCE. BOTH HUTU AND TOOTSI TOOK CREDIT.

WITHIN ONE HOUR TUTSI HUMAN RIGHTS WORKERSOPPOSITION POLITICIANS, AND INTELLECTUALS WERE

ROUNDED UP. MANY WERE KILLED. BLOCKADES WERE INSTALLED THROUGHOUT THE NATION.

THE GENOCIDE WOULD NOW BEGIN

IN 1994 THE HUTUS IN RWANDA BEGAN INDISCRIMINATE KILLING OF TUTSIS IN AN ATTEMPT

TO WIPE THEM OFF THE FACE OF THE EARTH.

RTLM RADIO

OPENLYCALLED ON

HUTUSTO MURDER

THEIRNEIGHBORS

IN THEIRHOMES AND

ON THESTREETS.

Prior tothe genocide,

the HUTUhad imported

over1 MILLIONmachetes

from China.

RWANDAWHILE THE

WAS TAKINGPLACE, A CIVIL WARWAS BEINGFOUGHT.

GENOCIDE

RWANDA

WHILE THE

WAS TAKINGPLACE, A CIVIL WARWAS BEINGFOUGHT.

GENOCIDE

In the north the RPFTutsi Rebels were

waging war againstthe Hutu army andthe Hutu Militias.

In the rest of thecountry, Hutu Militias were

murdering Tutsis.

kigali

the S

IDES

in t

he c

onflic

tth

e S

IDES

in t

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tTHE HUTU ARMYArmed primarily by France. Some may have taken part in the genocide.Others guarded against it and protected the Tutsi.

THE HUTU MILITIASInspired and carried out the genocide. Made up of several political parties that had military wings. There were 30,000 strong when the genocide began.

THE INTERAHAMWEOne of the most powerful of the militias – It was most responsible forcarrying out the genocide. It is the military wing of a political party called MRND (Natl. Republican Movement for Democracy and Development).

(INTER-HOM-WAY)

TUTSI REBELS (INSURGENTS)Tutsis who took up arms against the ruling Hutus. The rebels helpedstop the genocide and protected fellow Tutsi from attack. The RPF (Rwandan Patriotic Front) was the strongest of these groups.

THOUSANDSOF TUTSIS FLED

INTO THENEIGHBORINGDEMOCRATICREPUBLIC OF THE CONGO.

MOBUTUHATED

THE TUTSIS.

UNITEDUNITED NATIONS

THE PROGRAM WAS CALLED UNAMIR (United Nations Assistance

Mission Rwanda).

THEY WERE HINDERED BY THE U.N.SECURITY COUNCIL WHO FORBADE

THEM TO ENGAGE.

MEMBERS OF THE U.N. DID NOTWANT TO BECOME ENTANGLED

IN THE NATION.

KOFI ANNAN, Head of Peacekeeping, U.N.

The U.N. doesn't have any troops. We borrow them from governments. And I recall on

the Rwanda thing, we approached about 80

governments, trying to get offers of troops. And they wouldn't give them to us.

THE UNITED STATESWAS RELUCTANT

TO INVOLVE ITSELF INA “LOCAL CONFLICT”

AND AVOIDED USING THE TERM“GENOCIDE” TO

DESCRIBE WHAT WASGOING ON THERE.

In 2004, President BillClinton made the

following remarks tothe PBS program

FRONTLINE

“I think that the people that were bringing these decisions to me felt that the Congress

was still reeling from what had happened in Somalia, and by

the time they finally-- you know, I sort of started focusing

on this and seeing the news reports coming out of it, it was too late to do anything about it. And I feel terrible about it

because I think we could have sent 5,000, 10,000 troops there and saved a couple

hundred thousand lives. I think we could have saved about half of them. But I'll always regret that Rwandan thing. I will always feel terrible about

it.”

THE MURAMBI TECHNICAL SCHOOLOn April 16th 1994, nearly 65,000 Tutsis came here for protection.They were told it would be safe, but it was a set-up.

Upon their arrival, the electricity was shut off and water was cut. Hutu militia surrounded the school. They drank beer and ate.

FRENCH TROOPS DEFENDING THE

SCHOOL WITHDREW.

THE INTERAHAMWEKILLED OVER 45,000

PEOPLE INSIDE.

MANY WEREBURIED IN MASS

GRAVES

TODAY THE SCHOOL IS A GENOCIDE MUSEUM

IN 100 DAYSOVER

1 MILLIONPEOPLE WEREMURDERED.

10,000 PER DAY400 PER HOUR7 PER MINUTE

IN 100 DAYSOVER

1 MILLIONPEOPLE WEREMURDERED.

10,000 PER DAY400 PER HOUR7 PER MINUTE

BY THE ENDOF 1994

1 IN 3TUTSI HAD

BEENELIMINATEDFROM THEFACE OF

THE EARTH.

RwandaTHE FIRST OFFICIAL GENOCIDE SINCE WORLD WAR II

HOTEL RWANDA was released in 1995

and chronicles thetrue story of

PAUL RUSESABAGINA(RU-SES-A-BA-GINA)

WHO SHELTERED OVER 800 TUTSI IN

THE HOTELMILLE COLLINES

(ME-CO-LEAN)

IN THE CITY OFKIGALI.

the S

IDES

in t

he c

onflic

tth

e S

IDES

in t

he c

onflic

tTHE HUTU ARMY

Armed primarily by France. Some may have taken part in the genocide.Others guarded against it and protected the Tutsi.

THE HUTU MALITIASInspired and carried out the genocide. Made up of several political partiesthat had military wings. There were 30,000 strong when the genocide began.

THE INTERAHAMWEOne of the most powerful of the militias – It was most responsible forcarrying out the genocide. It is the military wing of a political party calledMRND (Natl. Republican Movement for Democracy and Development).

(INTER-HOM-WAY)

TUTSI REBELS (INSURGENTS)Tutsis who took up arms against the ruling Hutus. The rebels helpedstop the genocide and protected fellow Tutsi from attack. The RPF (Rwandan Patriotic Front) was the strongest of these groups.

AS YOU WATCHTHE FILM

BE SURE TO

FILL OUT YOURWORKSHEET.

DON CHEADLE asPAUL RUSESABAGINA

He served as an assistant manager to theMille Collines and as manager of the hotelDiplomat. He received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from GW Bush in November 2005

NICK NOLTE asCOLONEL OLIVER

He is a composite character (the onlyfictional one in the film) and is based in part on ROMEO DALLAIRE, the Canadian commanding officer of the UN Peace keeping mission. He later suffered PTSD.

DON CHEADLE AND PAUL RUSESABAGINA ON THE SET

After The Film...

RWANDA

WHILE THE

WAS TAKINGPLACE, A CIVIL WARWAS BEINGFOUGHT.

THE GENOCIDEENDED AFTER

100 DAYS WHEN THETUTSI RPF (Rwandan

Patriotic Front)OVERTHREWTHE HUTU

GOVERNMENT.

IN 2005 FORMERPRESIDENT

BILL CLINTONVISITED

RWANDA.

HE MET WITHSURVIVORS ANDSPOKE OPENLYABOUT LIVING

WITH HIS“MISTAKE.”

CLINTON ALSO SIGNED A MEMO OF COOPERATION BETWEEN THE RWANDAN

GOVERNMENT AND HIS FOUNDATION.

In 2004 PresidentClinton discussed

the role of theUnited States in

ethnic and religiouspeacekeeping

missions aroundthe world.

Here is whathe said...

The end of the superpower standoff lifted the lid from a cauldron of long-simmering hatreds. Now the entire global terrain is bloody with such

conflicts, from Rwanda to Georgia. Whether we get involved in any of

the world's ethnic conflicts in the end must depend on the cumulative

weight of the American interests at stake.

PRESIDENT BILL CLINTON, 2004ON THE PBS PROGRAM FRONTLINE – THE GHOSTS OF RWANDA

SUDANArab Muslims are battlingChristian Africans. Arabswant a pure Arab state.

SOMALIAStill in a state of war. Armed

Militia groups fight forcontrol of the country..

ETHIOPIAMuslim groups from Somaliahave attempted to invade.Ethiopians fight them off.

KENYAThousands died after last

election. Results werecontested in the streets.

The end of the superpower standoff lifted the lid from a cauldron of long-simmering hatreds. Now the entire global terrain is bloody with such

conflicts, from Rwanda to Georgia. Whether we get involved in any of

the world's ethnic conflicts in the end must depend on the cumulative

weight of the American interests at stake.

PRESIDENT BILL CLINTON, 2004ON THE PBS PROGRAM FRONTLINE – THE GHOSTS OF RWANDA

Do you agree with Clinton’s

rationale?

Please explain your answer -

why or why not?