russian revolution “sometimes - history needs a push” -lenin
TRANSCRIPT
Russian Russian Revolution Revolution
““Sometimes - history needs a Sometimes - history needs a push”push”
-Lenin-Lenin
WWIWWI
Poor equipment, poorly trained Poor equipment, poorly trained soldiers, food and fuel shortages at soldiers, food and fuel shortages at homehome
Did not play well at homeDid not play well at home
Low Morale, Czar and court took the Low Morale, Czar and court took the blameblame
February Revolution February Revolution (1917)(1917)
Unrest of the common people Unrest of the common people towards the Czartowards the Czar Poor working conditions, poor Poor working conditions, poor
economy, food shortages, military economy, food shortages, military failuresfailures
What military failures?What military failures? During a demonstration, troops During a demonstration, troops
fired upon crowdfired upon crowd Caused strikes, riots, and mutiny on Caused strikes, riots, and mutiny on
Battleship PotemkinBattleship Potemkin 1905- Czar Nicholas created 11905- Czar Nicholas created 1stst
Constitution and DumaConstitution and Duma (elected parliament) Called the (elected parliament) Called the
Provisional Gov’tProvisional Gov’t
Provisional GovernmentProvisional Government Where else have we seen this? How Where else have we seen this? How
successful was it?successful was it? Run by the Romanovs, Radical Run by the Romanovs, Radical
organizations had a lot of influence organizations had a lot of influence and supportand support Situation of chaos and no true leaderSituation of chaos and no true leader
In comes LeninIn comes Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich UlyanovVladimir Ilyich Ulyanov
Strong supporter of Socialism Strong supporter of Socialism (enemy of Czar)(enemy of Czar)
Along with his other supporters, The Along with his other supporters, The Bolsheviks, they begin to gain Bolsheviks, they begin to gain support of the massessupport of the masses
““Peace, Land and bread”Peace, Land and bread”
October Revolution October Revolution Russian Politics in Russian Politics in
disarray disarray Planned a Coup Planned a Coup
D’etatD’etat Oct. 10, 1917 Oct. 10, 1917
meeting was heldmeeting was held Began to take over Began to take over
positions all over positions all over citycity Banks, railroad Banks, railroad
stations, post stations, post offices, bridgesoffices, bridges
By the 26By the 26thth the the Bolsheviks had wonBolsheviks had won
ReformsReforms
NEP:NEP: National Economic PolicyNational Economic Policy
Small scale capitalismSmall scale capitalism Peasants would sell surplus allowed small Peasants would sell surplus allowed small
businesses to continuebusinesses to continue Gov’t kept major industriesGov’t kept major industries
Politics:Politics: Bolsheviks renamed the Communist Bolsheviks renamed the Communist
PartyParty Communism = Classless societyCommunism = Classless society Dictatorship of the proletariatDictatorship of the proletariat
AftermathAftermath
Russian Civil War Russian Civil War RedsReds (Communist) vs. (Communist) vs. BluesBlues
(Nationalists, Conservatives and other (Nationalists, Conservatives and other Anti-Bolsheviks)Anti-Bolsheviks)
4 years later, Lenin won. 4 years later, Lenin won. Established the Soviet Union in 1922Established the Soviet Union in 1922
USSRUSSR 1923 Lenin Died1923 Lenin Died
Totalitarianism in Totalitarianism in Russia with Stalin Russia with Stalin
as their “fearless as their “fearless
leader”leader” Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution
Trotsky v. StalinTrotsky v. Stalin
Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin were Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin were the two rivals competing for the top the two rivals competing for the top position.position.
The winner in this struggle was The winner in this struggle was Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin
Stalin turned the Soviet Union in Stalin turned the Soviet Union in to a to a totalitariantotalitarian state state
What’s Totalitarianism?
TotalitarianismTotalitarianism
Government takes complete, central Government takes complete, central control over every aspect of public control over every aspect of public and private lifeand private life
It challenges the values of democratic It challenges the values of democratic states of states of the Enlightenmentthe Enlightenment reason, freedom, human dignity, and the reason, freedom, human dignity, and the
worth of the individualworth of the individual
(Please refer to page 875for a chart on (Please refer to page 875for a chart on Totalitarianism)Totalitarianism)
Police StatePolice State Not even the slightest bit of dissent was Not even the slightest bit of dissent was
allowed, before the secret police allowed, before the secret police arrested youarrested you
If there was even the slightest suspicion If there was even the slightest suspicion you were planning to overthrow the you were planning to overthrow the government or failed to meet your government or failed to meet your quota…Bye, Bye!quota…Bye, Bye!
Stalin became more powerful than any Stalin became more powerful than any of the previous Russia czarsof the previous Russia czars
Religious PersecutionReligious Persecution
State encouraged (no…demanded) State encouraged (no…demanded) atheismatheism
Police destroyed churches and Police destroyed churches and synagoguessynagogues
Persecuted religious leadersPersecuted religious leaders But people still clung to their faithsBut people still clung to their faiths
Great PurgeGreat Purge
Stalin arrested many Bolsheviks who Stalin arrested many Bolsheviks who participated in the revolution & participated in the revolution & almost every leader in Stalin’s almost every leader in Stalin’s government for “crimes against the government for “crimes against the Soviet state”Soviet state”
These killings were called the These killings were called the Great Great PurgePurge
8 to 13 million deaths occurred8 to 13 million deaths occurred
Command EconomyCommand Economy
Stalin changed Lenin’s NEP to an Stalin changed Lenin’s NEP to an economy controlled by the economy controlled by the governmentgovernment
Wanted to catch up to Great Wanted to catch up to Great Britain and Germany, as well as Britain and Germany, as well as the rest of Europe, in the rest of Europe, in industrializationindustrialization
First Five Year Plan and First Five Year Plan and Worker’s LivesWorker’s Lives
1928: Stalin outlined Five-Year Plan1928: Stalin outlined Five-Year Plan The government take drastic steps to promote The government take drastic steps to promote
rapid industrial growth and strengthen rapid industrial growth and strengthen military defenses (remember just lost WWI)military defenses (remember just lost WWI)
Set impossibly high quotas for the output of Set impossibly high quotas for the output of steel, coal, oil, and electricitysteel, coal, oil, and electricity
To reach goals, Russia limited the production To reach goals, Russia limited the production of consumer goods – thus hurting the of consumer goods – thus hurting the populationpopulation
Government controlled every aspect of a Government controlled every aspect of a worker’s life-who, where and when they workworker’s life-who, where and when they work
The Agriculture The Agriculture RevolutionRevolution
The Agriculture Revolution was very The Agriculture Revolution was very successful, but far more brutalsuccessful, but far more brutal
In 1928, Stalin began to seize 25 In 1928, Stalin began to seize 25 million private farms and combine million private farms and combine them into huge them into huge collective farmscollective farms. . Peasants worked on these farms.Peasants worked on these farms.
The Agriculture RevolutionThe Agriculture Revolution
The Peasants were angry-they revolted The Peasants were angry-they revolted by destroying crops and livestockby destroying crops and livestock
Stalin struck back with the secret Stalin struck back with the secret police, sending peasants to work at the police, sending peasants to work at the threat of deaththreat of death
Between 5-10 million peasants were Between 5-10 million peasants were killed with millions more sent to Siberia.killed with millions more sent to Siberia.
The The kulakskulaks, wealthy peasants, revolted , wealthy peasants, revolted and their entire class was sent to death and their entire class was sent to death or work campsor work camps
Success!Success!
In 10 years:In 10 years: Wheat production was doubled due Wheat production was doubled due
to collective farmingto collective farming Electricity production was up 800%Electricity production was up 800% Steel production increased from 4 to Steel production increased from 4 to
18 million metric tons18 million metric tons The USSR was becoming a major The USSR was becoming a major
industrial powerindustrial power
In the Long RunIn the Long Run Stalin responsible for Stalin responsible for
Russia’s industrializationRussia’s industrialization Russia was able to stand Russia was able to stand
up to Germany in WWIIup to Germany in WWII Stalin changed Russia Stalin changed Russia
from an agricultural from an agricultural backwater into a world-backwater into a world-power industrial giantpower industrial giant
But the people paid the But the people paid the price for these gainsprice for these gains
Communist Party ruled Communist Party ruled until 1991 until 1991