Sergey Elansky Moscow M.V. Lomonosov State University Biological faculty

Russian isolates of

Phytophthora infestans:

genotypes, virulence and resistance

to fungicides

Distribution of potato and tomato late blight in Russia

potato

www.agroatlas.ru

tomato

Genotypic analysis

1997-1998

Location of sampling sites

Khabarovsk

Vladivostok

Chita

Birobidzhan

Omsk

9,2

Krasnoyarsk

Ekaterinburg

Sakhalin

Moscow

Tomsk

Irkutsk

Genotypes of Russian P. infestans isolates

Clonal

lineage

Place of

collecting ТС GPI Pep 1 RG 57 fingerprint mtDNA

Number

of

isolates

Isolates from potato

SIB 1 *1 A1 100/100 100/100 1000100011001101000110011 IIa 31

SIB 2 Khabarovsk A2 100/100 100/100 1000100001001101000110011 IIa 5

SIB 3 Vladivostok A1 100/100 100/100 1100101010001101000110011 IIa 1

MO 1 M1 (97) A2 100/100 100/100 1000100011001101000110011 IIa 1

MO 2 M1 (97) A2 100/100 100/100 1000100001001101000110011 Ia 1

MO 3 M1 (97) A1 100/100 100/100 1010100001001101000110011 IIa 1

MO 4 M1 (97) A1 100/100 92/100 1010111011001101000110011 IIa 3

MO 5 M2 (97) A1 100/100 100/100 1000101001001101010110011 IIa 1

MO 6 M2 (97) A1 100/100 100/100 1010101001001101000110011 Ia 1

MO 7 M4 (97) A1 100/100 92/100 1000100011001100000110011 IIa 1

MO 8 M4 (97) A1 100/100 92/92 1010110001001100000110011 IIa 1

MO 9 M1 (98) A1 100/100 92/100 1000100001001101000110011 IIa 1

MO 10 M2 (98) A1 100/100 100/100 1010110000001100000110011 Ia 1

MO 11 M3 (98) A1 100/100 92/100 1010101001001100000110011 Ia 1

MO 12 M3 (98) A2 100/100 100/100 1010101001001101000110011 Ia 1

Isolates from tomato

SIB 2 Birobidjan A2 100/100 100/100 1000100001001101000110011 IIa 3

MO 13 M2 (97) A1 100/100 100/100 1010101000001101000110011 Ia 1

MO 14 M3 (98) A1 100/100 100/100 0010101001001100000110011 Ia 1

MO 15 M3 (98) A1 100/100 100/100 0110111001001100010110011 Ia 1

MO 16 M3 (98) A1 100/100 100/100 1000100000001101000110011 IIa 1

Isolates from old collections

US 1 M3 (93) A1 86/100 92/100 1010101011001101000110011 Ib 2

SIB 1 несколько2 A1 100/100 100/100 1000100011001101000110011 IIa 5

1 Sib 1 was found in Sakhalin, Omsk, Vladivostok, Chita, Irkutsk, Ekaterinburg, Krasnoyarsk, Tomsk.

1 (S1)

1 (S2)

2 (S1+S3)

1 (S1)

1 (S2)

1 (S1) 9,2

1 (S1)

1 (S1)

Number of genotypes in regional populations

RG 57, haplotypes, mating types, GPI 1, and Pep1 were tested

2

17 (M1- M16, S1)

Ratio of strains with different mating types

in regional populations (A1/ A2)

100/ 0

0/100

100/ 0

100/ 0

0/ 100

100/ 0 9,2

100/ 0

100/ 0 100/ 0

80/ 20

Genotypic analysis

2001-2009

Location of sampling sites and number of collected isolates

Astrakhan reg., 33

Mari El, 110 Belarus, 78

Moscow reg., 45

Leningrad reg., 22

Kostroma reg., 84

Caucasus, 65

Vologda reg., 12

Ryazan reg., 22

Tula reg., 33

In total:

549 strains

10 regions

Allozyme structure of peptidase (Pep 1 and Pep 2 loci)

Pep1

Pep2

100/100

100/100 100/112 112/112

Allozyme structure of peptidase, mtDNA haplotypes,

and mating types were tested

Markers Number of

populations* Mating type Рер 1 Рер 2 MtDNA

haplotype

A2 100/100 100/100 IIa 10

A1 100/100 100/100 Ia 10

A1 100/100 100/100 IIa 8

A2 100/100 100/112 Ia 7

A1 100/100 100/112 IIa 6

A2 100/100 100/112 IIa 5

A2 100/100 100/100 Ia 5

A1 100/100 100/112 Ia 4

A1 100/100 112/112 Ia 4

A2 100/100 112/112 IIa 4

A2 92/100 100/100 Ia 3

A2 92/100 100/100 IIa 3

A1 100/100 112/112 IIa 2

A2 92/92 112/112 Ia 1

A1 100/100 112/112 Ia+IIa 1

A1 92/100 100/100 Ia 1

Other 11 genotypes 1

* 18 field populations were tested

The most frequent genotypes in Russian field populations

Astrakhan reg., 1

Mari El, 12 Belarus, 12

Moscow reg., 8

Leningrad reg., 4

Kostroma reg., 3

Caucasus, 16

Vologda reg., 4

Ryazan reg., 3

Tula reg., 1

Number of genotypes in regional populations

Ratio of mating types in regional populations (A1/ A2/ A1A2/ 00)

Astrakhan reg.

100/ 0/ 0/ 0

Mari El

38/ 60/ 2/ 0

Belarus

58/ 42/ 0/ 0

Moscow reg.

57/ 36/ 5/ 2

Leningrad reg.

100/ 0/ 0/ 0

Kostroma reg.

88/ 11/ 1/ 0

Caucasus

52/ 43/ 3/ 2

Vologda reg.

58/ 42/ 0/ 0

Ryazan reg.

95/ 5/ 0/ 0

Tula reg.

100/ 0/ 0/ 0

Number of P. infestans populations from the Moscow

region with various A1:A2 ratios

Per cent of P. infestans strains with

A2 mating types in population, %

Number (%) of populations with a

certain A2 percentage

0 or 100 5 (12%)

1-29 or 70-99 19 (46%)

30-69 17 (41,6%)

Total number of tested populations in the Moscow region 41 (100%)

Per cent of P. infestans strains with A2 mating type in

population, %

Number of populations with a certain

percentage of strains with A2 mating type

Average number of

genotypes per a population

0 or 100 3 1

1-29 or 70-99 6 2,5

30-69 8 6,9

Average number of genotypes in P. infestans populations

with various A1:A2 ratios

0

10

20

30

40

50

TL+PL TL PL

% of samples with 1 lesion with oospores

% of samples with 2 and more lesions with oospores

Oospores in samples with different number of lesions

%

Ratio A1:A2 in “tomato” population was as 57:43,

in “potato” – 45:55

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1993

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2003

%А1 P

%А1 T

Year

%

Annual dynamics of strains with A1 mating type

in the Moscow region 1850 isolates were tested in 1993 - 2003

Slow decrease of A1 strains in 1993 – 1999 and oscillating around

50% (A1:A2=1:1) in 1999 – 2003 in both tomato and potato populations

Specific compatibility (virulence)

to potato R-genes

Frequencies of separate virulence genes in the studied P.

infestans populations

8,4

8,3

8,3

6,4

5,5*

6,2

8,2

9,2

8,2

10,0

6,3

7,2

32

8,6

7,8

8,9

Average number of virulence/ isolate

11 R-gene were tested: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11; * - isolates from tomato

10

Resistance of

P. infestans strains

from different regions

to fungicides

Kostroma

region

Kostroma region

Chlorothalonil Metalaxyl Fluazinam

Azoxystrobin Dimethomorph

Average 2,2 1,7 1,4 Variab. 0,7 – 5,0 0,5 – 38,0 0,5 – 4,8

Average < 0,05 < 0,05 6,5

Variab. < 0,05 < 0,05 0,5 – 25,6

0

20

40

60

80

100

<1 1-10 10-100 >100

0

20

40

60

80

100

<1 1-10 10-100 >100

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

<1 1-10 10-100 >100

ККЛ

0,00

10,00

20,00

30,00

40,00

50,00

60,00

70,00

80,00

90,00

<1 1-10 10-100 >1000

20

40

60

80

<1 1-10 10-100 >100

ККЛ

0,00

10,00

20,00

30,00

40,00

50,00

60,00

70,00

80,00

90,00

<1 1-10 10-100 >100

Mancozeb

Smolensk

region

Smolensk region

Chlorothalonil

Metalaxyl Fluazinam

Azoxystrobin Dimethomorph

Average 2,2 175,2 2,7 Variab. 0,7 – 5,0 0,5 – 380 0,5 – 6,8

Average < 0,05 < 0,05 Variab. < 0,05 < 0,05

СКЛ

0,00

10,00

20,00

30,00

40,00

50,00

60,00

70,00

<1 1-10 10-100 >100

0

20

40

60

<1 1-10 10-100 >100 0

20

40

60

<1 1-10 10-100 >100

0

20

40

60

80

100

<1 1-10 10-100 >100 0

20

40

60

80

100

<1 1-10 10-100 >100

Moscow

region

Moscow region

Chlorothalonil

Metalaxyl Fluazinam

Azoxystrobin Dimethomorph

Average 0,6 99,0 2,1

Variab. 0,5 – 0,8 0,5 – 398 0,5 – 5,2

Average < 0,05 0,06 5,5

Variab. < 0,05 0,05 – 0,09 0,6 – 22,4

0

20

40

60

80

100

<1 1-10 10-100 >100 0

20

40

60

80

100

<1 1-10 10-100 >100

0

20

40

60

80

100

<1 1-10 10-100 >100

МКК

0,00

5,00

10,00

15,00

20,00

25,00

30,00

35,00

40,00

45,00

50,00

<1 1-10 10-100 >1000

10

20

30

40

50

60

<1 1-10 10-100 >100

МКК

0,00

10,00

20,00

30,00

40,00

50,00

60,00

70,00

80,00

<1 1-10 10-100 >100

Mancozeb

Belarus

Belarus

Chlorothalonil

Metalaxyl Fluazinam

Azoxystrobin Dimethomorph

Average 5,7 175,2 7,0 Variab. 0,7 – 151,5 0,5 – 380 0,5 – 21,8

Average < 0,05 < 0,05 10,3

Variab. < 0,05 < 0,05 0,6 – 30,6

0

20

40

60

80

100

<1 1-10 10-100 >100

0

20

40

60

80

100

<1 1-10 10-100 >100

Mancozeb

БКЛ

0,00

10,00

20,00

30,00

40,00

50,00

60,00

<1 1-10 10-100 >100

0

20

40

60

80

<1 1-10 10-100 >100

БКЛ

0,00

10,00

20,00

30,00

40,00

50,00

60,00

70,00

80,00

90,00

100,00

<1 1-10 10-100 >1000

20

40

60

80

100

<1 1-10 10-100 >100

Selected publications:

Elansky S., A. Smirnov, Y. Dyakov, A. Dolgova, A. Filippov, B. Kozlovsky, I.

Kozlovskaya, P. Russo, C. Smart, W. Fry Genotypic analysis of Russian

isolates of Phytophthora infestans from the Moscow region, Siberia and Far

East // J. Phytopathology, 2001, 149 (10), p. 605-611.

S.N. Elansky, M.A. Pobedinskaya, M.P. Plyakhnevich, N.V. Statsyuk, and Yu.T.

Dyakov Phytophthora infestans populations from the European part of Russia

and Belarus: genotypic structure and metalaxyl resistance //

J. Phytopathology, 2011, in press.

N.V. Statsyuk, M.A. Kuznetsova, I.N. Kozlovskaya, B.E. Kozlovsky, S.N.

Elansky, E.V. Morozova, E.V. Valeva, and A.V. Filippov Characteristics of the

Phytophthora infestans population in Russia // Proceedings of the 12

EuroBlight Workshop, 3-6 May, 2010, Arras, France. P. 247-254.

S.N. Elansky, Yu.T. Dyakov, D.I. Milyutina, V.P. Apryshko, M.A. Pobedinskaya,

A.V. Filippov, B.E. Kozlovsky, M.A. Kuznetsova, A.N. Rogozhin, N.V. Statsyuk

Late blight of potato in Russia // Potato production and innovative

technologies. Ed. A.J. Havenkort, B.V. Anisimov, Wageningen Academic

Publishers, The Netherlands, 2007, P. 262-274.

Other participants of the project:

N.V. Statsyuk, M.A. Kuznetsova, I.N. Kozlovskaya,

B.E. Kozlovsky, E.V. Morozova, A.V. Filippov All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Moscow

region, Russia

Yu.T. Dyakov, M.A. Pobedinskaya, M.Y. Kokaeva,

D.I. Milyutina, A.N. Smirnov, A.V. Dolgova Department of Algology and Mycology, Biological Faculty,

Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

W. Fry, C. Smart Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY,

USA

Thank you for your

attention!