rusija ljđ
TRANSCRIPT
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Ljubica Đukić, mart 2015.
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po veličini teritorije PRVA u svetu
po broju stanovnika DEVETA u svetu
- depopulacija
- socijalno-ekonomski problemi
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Evroazijska zemlja – po geografskom položaju
- 1/3 teritorije se nalazi u Evropi
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najveća država
u Evropi
Poseduje:
- veliku površinu plodnog tla
- raznovrsne rude
- izvore energije
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najviša tačka - Elbrus najniža tačka – Kaspijsko
jezero i Prikaspijska nizija
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Fizičkogeografski regioni Rusije
- reljef je raznovrstan – prostrane nizije i ravnice i visoke planine
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RELJEF je raznovrstan
Plato Zapadnosibirske nizije
Altaj
Evropa-JZ deo (stepa)
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Priroda Novosibirskog regiona
Ural Plato Putorana (Sibir)
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Sajanske planine Zapadni Sibir
Kamčatka
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Sibir
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Vegetacija je zonalno raspoređena
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Šuma u Kareliji
Tajga oko Bajkala
Granica tundre i tajge (Jamal)
tundra
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tundra
Šuma oko Bajkala
tajga
permafrost
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Šume zauzimaju 45% teritorije Rusije
Istočno od Urala se nalaze najveće rezerve šuma
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tajga
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Hidrografija
sibirske reke – hidroenergetski potencijal
evropske reke - plovne Jenisej
Krasnojarska brana
Volga kod Uljanovska
Don (Rostov)
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Volga
HE kod Volgograda
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Bajkalsko jezero – najveći rezervoar pitke vode
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Bajkalsko jezero u aprilu
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Kaspijsko jezero – najveće na svetu
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Stanovništvo – nije homogeno
Tatari
Pripadnice
naroda Tuva
Čerkezi
Altajski narod
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Baškirka
Burjati
Čuvaši
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• Jakuti
Evenka
Jakuti
Mordvini
Jakuti
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Rusi su najbrojniji – 80% stanovništva
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Industrija je osnovna privredna grana
Energetika – bazirana na ogromnim energetskim
resursima
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po rezervama i proizvodnji nafte na 2. mestu (S. Arabija)
nalazišta: u Zapadnosibirskoj niziji,
zapadnom delu Urala i
na Kavkazu
po rezervama i proizvodnji gasa na 1. mestu
ima gotovo ½ svetskih rezervi (najviše u Zapadnosibirskoj
niziji)
Jamal – “ledena riznica Rusije” – 90% ruskih zaliha
- 25% svetskih zaliha
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Gasprom – preduzeće sa najvećom
proizvodnjom gasa
Rosnjeft, Lukoil, Sibnjeft – kompanije
koje proizvode naftu
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Rusija ima najveće rezerve uglja na svetu
¼ svih rezervi
po proizvodnji na 3. mestu (Kina, SAD)
na 4. mestu po proizvodnji električne energije
70%
30%
TE HE
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Sajano-Sušenjska HE
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ima najveće procenjene rezerve dijamanata
oko 60% svetskih zaliha
oko 80% ruskih dijamanata nalazi se u Jakutiji
Rusija ima veliko bogatstvo gvožđa i obojenih metala
metalurški baseni:
Južni Ural
Centralna Rusija
Južni Sibir
Rudnik dijamanata u Jakutiji
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Poljoprivreda
oranice čine 7,4% ukupne površine - (srednji i južni
delovi evropske Rusije)
gaje - žitarice (pšenica, raž, ječam), krompir, kukuruz,šećernu
repu, suncokret, lan, konoplju
Kolhozi, sovhozi – nisu bili efikasni
poljoprivredna proizvodnja je smanjena za 1/3
Rusija uvozi velike količine hrane
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najpoznatiji izvozni poljoprivredni proizvod je
kavijar
- tradicionalni proizvod ruske kuhinje koji vodi
poreklo iz crnomorskog i kaspijskog priobalja
- potiče od persijske reči i znači “kolač snage” (bogat je vitaminima i mineralima)
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Industrija je najvažnija privredna grana
• ostvaruje preko 60% domaćeg bruto proizvoda
• najrazvijenija je teška industrija na koju otpada ¾
industrijske proizvodnje
• za vreme socijalizma laka industrija je bila
zapostavljena
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najstarija industrijska područja (19.v.) nastala su u
Moskvi i Sankt Peterburgu
Povološki basen – dolina srednje Volge – Nižnji Novgorod,
Samara, Volgograd
Uralsko industrijsko područje – za vreme II sv. rata
zapadni Sibir – Omsk, Novosibirsk, Kuznjecki basen,
Krasnojarsk, Irkutsk ...
Najveći industrijski rejoni u Rusiji:
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Avtovaz -lada
Moskva
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Severna Venecija
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Samara
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Volgograd
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Rostov
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Nižnji Novgorod
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Saratov
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Čeljabinsk
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Jekaterinburg
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Soči
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Arhangelsk
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Murmansk
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Novokuznjeck
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Omsk
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Novosibirsk
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Akademgorod
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Irkutsk
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Krasnojarsk
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Petropavlovsk
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Magadan
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Vladivostok
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saobraćaj Transsibirska železnica
Stanica u Vladivostoku
Stjuardesa na železnici
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Volga kanal
Belomorski kanal
Rečno-kanalski saobraćaj
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Kamčatka
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Lena – kamena šuma
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Sibir
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Sankt Peterburg – Carsko selo (Katarinina letnja palata) - Puškin
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Sankt Peterburg – Zimski dvorac - Ermitaž
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Sankt Peterburg – Petrov dvorac
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Moskva - metro
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Sankt Peterburg
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Moskva – Boljšoj teatar
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Moskva
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Hvala na pažnji.