ruminant digestion. what are ruminants? grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ruminant Digestion
![Page 2: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What are Ruminants?
• Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas
![Page 3: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Ruminant System
Mouth
Esophagus
Rumen Reticulum
Omasum Abomasum
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Anus
![Page 4: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Ruminant System
• Mouth– Tongue and teeth
grasp and tear forages
• Salivary Glands– Produce saliva
• Provides lubrication for swallowing
• Provides fluid to rumen• Buffers acid production
![Page 5: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Ruminant System
• Esophagus– Connects mouth to
rumen and reticulum– Bidirectional functionality
• Allows food to pass both ways
![Page 6: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Ruminant System
• Rumen– Largest section of the 4 compartment
stomach system– Ingested grass and hay is fermented by
microorganisms• Cellulose is broken down• Amino acids are synthesized • B-complex vitamins are produced
![Page 7: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Inside the Rumen
• Rumen is lined with papilla which increases surface area for absorbing vitamins and amino acids
![Page 8: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Inside the Rumen
• Microorganisms in the rumen are made up of a protist, fungal spore and bacteria
Protist
Fungal Spore
Bacteria
![Page 9: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The Ruminant System
• Reticulum– Food bolus is formed by organ walls
contracting on food• Honeycomb texture helps squeeze out water
– Liquids ingested by animal by-pass rumen and go directly into reticulum
– “Hardware Stomach”• If animal ingests metal or sharp objects they
remain here to prevent injury to system
![Page 10: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Inside the Reticulum
![Page 11: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The Ruminant System
• Rumination– Food bolus from rumen moves up the
esophagus and returns to the mouth– Animal chews food bolus into smaller pieces
and swallows again– Food returns to the reticulum for further
processing
• The rumen and reticulum combined make up 80% of the volume of the 4 compartment system
![Page 12: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Ruminant System
Reticulum
Rumen
LiquidsForagesRumination
![Page 13: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Ruminant System
• Omasum– The 3rd compartment of the system which
receives the ruminated food bolus from the reticulum
– Contains mayplies or folds that aid in reducing particle size of the food bolus by grinding together
![Page 14: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Inside the Omasum
![Page 15: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The Ruminant System
• Abomasum– The 4th compartment of the system which
receives the ground food particles from the omasum
– “True Stomach”• Gastric juices are added to aid in digesting• Muscle contractions mix food particles and gastric
juices
![Page 16: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Inside the Abomasum
![Page 17: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The Ruminant System
• Small Intestine– Absorbs nutrients
• Partially digested feed is mixed with bile, pancreatic juice, and intestinal juice
– Breaking down food molecules into nutrients
• Nutrients are absorbed in the last 2/3 of the intestine
– Villi line the intestinal wall to increase surface area for absorption
![Page 18: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The Ruminant System
• Cecum– Non-functioning blind pouch in-between the
small intestine and large intestine
![Page 19: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The Ruminant System
• Large Intestine– Absorbs water– Minimal nutrient absorption– Forms feces from indigestible waste
• Adds mucus membrane to aid in excretion
• Rectum– Internal sphincter that controls excretion
• Anus– External sphincter that controls excretion
![Page 20: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The Ruminant SystemMouth
Salivary Glands
EsophagusRumen
Pancreas
Small Intestine
Rectum
ReticulumAbomasum
Omasum
LiverGall
Bladder
Cecum
Large Intestine
Anus
![Page 21: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Ruminant Review
Tongue and teeth grasp food
![Page 22: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Ruminant Review
Mouth
![Page 23: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Ruminant Review
Produces saliva
![Page 24: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Ruminant Review
Salivary Glands
![Page 25: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Ruminant Review
Connects mouth to rumen and reticulum
![Page 26: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Ruminant Review
Esophagus
![Page 27: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Ruminant Review
Ferments forages, contains microorganisms that produce
vitamins and amino acids which are absorbed through papilla
![Page 28: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Ruminant Review
Rumen
![Page 29: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Ruminant Review
Liquids are diverted here, compacts the food bolus and has a honeycomb structure
![Page 30: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Ruminant Review
Reticulum
![Page 31: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Ruminant Review
Contains manyplies or folds, grinds the food bolus into small
particles
![Page 32: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Ruminant Review
Omasum
![Page 33: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Ruminant Review
Gastric stomach, secretes gastric juice to digest food
particles
![Page 34: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Ruminant Review
Abomasum
![Page 35: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Ruminant Review
Secretes intestinal juice, pancreatic juice and bile, digests food particles and
absorbs nutrients
![Page 36: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Ruminant Review
Small Intestine
![Page 37: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Ruminant Review
Blind pouch in-between the small intestine and large
intestine that has no function
![Page 38: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Ruminant Review
Cecum
![Page 39: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Ruminant Review
Absorbs water and forms feces, adds mucus to lubricate feces
![Page 40: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Ruminant Review
Large Intestine
![Page 41: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Ruminant Review
Internal sphincter that controls excretion
![Page 42: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Ruminant Review
Rectum
![Page 43: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Ruminant Review
External sphincter that controls excretion
![Page 44: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Ruminant Review
Anus
![Page 45: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
The Ruminant SystemMouth
Salivary Glands
EsophagusRumen
Pancreas
Small Intestine
Rectum
ReticulumAbomasum
Omasum
LiverGall
Bladder
Cecum
Large Intestine
Anus
![Page 46: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
The Ruminant SystemMouth
Salivary Glands
EsophagusRumen
Pancreas
Small Intestine
Rectum
ReticulumAbomasum
Omasum
LiverGall
Bladder
Cecum
Large Intestine
Anus
![Page 47: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
The Ruminant System
![Page 48: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
The Ruminant System
![Page 49: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
The Ruminant System
![Page 50: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Ruminant Review
Blind pouch in-between the small intestine and large
intestine that has no function
![Page 51: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
The Ruminant System
![Page 52: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Ruminant Review
Connects mouth to rumen and reticulum
![Page 53: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
The Ruminant System
![Page 54: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Ruminant Review
Liquids are diverted here, compacts the food bolus and has a honeycomb structure
![Page 55: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
The Ruminant System
![Page 56: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Ruminant Review
Tongue and teeth grasp food
![Page 57: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
The Ruminant System
![Page 58: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Ruminant Review
Absorbs water and forms feces, adds mucus to lubricate feces
![Page 59: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
The Ruminant System
![Page 60: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Ruminant Review
Contains manyplies or folds, grinds the food bolus into small
particles
![Page 61: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
The Ruminant System
![Page 62: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Ruminant Review
External sphincter that controls excretion
![Page 63: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
The Ruminant System
![Page 64: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Ruminant Review
Produces saliva
![Page 65: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
The Ruminant System
![Page 66: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Ruminant Review
Secretes intestinal juice, pancreatic juice and bile, digests food particles and
absorbs nutrients
![Page 67: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
The Ruminant System
![Page 68: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Ruminant Review
Gastric stomach, secretes gastric juice to digest food
particles
![Page 69: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
The Ruminant System
![Page 70: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Ruminant Review
Internal sphincter that controls excretion
![Page 71: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
The Ruminant System
![Page 72: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Ruminant Review
Ferments forages, contains microorganisms that produce
vitamins and amino acids which are absorbed through papilla
![Page 73: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
The Ruminant System
![Page 74: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
The Ruminant System
![Page 75: Ruminant Digestion. What are Ruminants? Grazing animals that have split hooves and have no upper front teeth except for camels and llamas](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56649ef15503460f94c02578/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
The Ruminant System