RTW Tuesday, January 7th

Write your own definition for: Dominant Recessive

RTW Wednesday, January 8th

What do you already know about the scientist Gregor Mendel?

Mendel & HeredityCh. 6.3

Gregor Mendel

Mid-1800’s he explained how traits are inherited from parents and passed to offspring

Every organism inherits their specific traits (AKA genes) One from Mom and one from Dad

Mendel made this discovery by breeding peas

Mendel’s Pea Plant Experiments

1. Controlled the breeding

2. Used purebred plants

3. Observed “either-or” traits that appeared in only two alternate forms

Why were these factors important for his experiment?

Traits Observed

How did Mendel discover dominant/recessive traits?

Punnett Squares!

 http://www.siskiyous.edu/class/bio1/genetics/monohybrid_v2.html

Mendel’s Conclusions

1.) Traits are inherited as discrete units

2.) Organisms inherit two copies of each gene, one from each parent

3.) Organisms donate only one copy of each gene in their gametes. Thus the two copies of each gene segregate, or separate, during gamete formation

(#2 & 3 = Law of segregation)

Traits Observed

RTW Friday, January 10th

TURN IN YOUR WORKSHEET IF YOU HAVEN’T ALREADY (SPONGEBOB!)

Look around the room at all of our alien babies. Are any of them identical?

How did we get so many variations from alien parents that displayed the same traits?

Vocabulary1. Genetics

2. Gene

3. Allele

4. Law of Segregation

5. Law of Independent Assortment

6. Punnett Square

7. Probability

8. Monohybrid Cross

9. Dihybrid Cross

10. Homozygous

11. Heterozygous

12. Purebred

13. Dominant

14. Recessive

15. Phenotype

16. Genotype

17. Incomplete Dominance

18. Codominance

19. Polygenetic Inheritance

20. Sex-Linked

RTW Thursday, January 9th

If the trait for brown eyes (B) is dominant over blue eyes (b), what would be the probability of a man who’s heterozygous for the trait and a woman who’s homozygous recessive for the trait having a child with blue eyes? Hint: homo=same & hetero= different

RTW Thursday, January 9th

If the trait for brown eyes (B) is dominant over blue eyes (b), what would be the probability of a man who’s heterozygous for the trait and a woman who’s homozygous recessive for the trait having a child with blue eyes? Hint: homo=same & hetero= different

B b

Bb bb

Bb bb

b

b

RTW Monday, January 13th

What does it mean if a trait has incomplete dominance? (Hint: Think about some of the Alien Baby traits)

RTW Monday, January 13th

What does it mean if a trait has incomplete dominance? (Hint: Think about some of the Alien Baby traits)

Incomplete dominance= the blending of traits

Complex Patterns of InheritanceCh. 7.2

Incomplete Dominance

= where heterozygous phenotype is somewhere between two homozygous types. AKA= Blending of traits

Ex: colors of certain flowers where: RR= red Rr= pink

rr=white

Neither allele is completely dominant or recessive!

Codominance

= where both alleles of a gene are expressed completely

Both traits are fully and separately shown

Ex: blood types where a person can have- A, B, AB, or O

Blood Types

We always use the letter “I” AND superscript to show blood genotypes IA and IB are codominant and i is recessive

Blood Types

So what does this mean for blood donations and transfusions?

Blood Types

So what does this mean for blood donations and transfusions?

Antigens are proteins on the blood that prevent transfusions from foreign blood types A= can only get blood from IAIA or ii B= can only get blood from IB IB or ii AB= can donate to IAIA or IB IB or IA IB, but can

only receive from IA IB or ii O= is a universal donor, but can only accept

transfusions from ii

Polygenetics

= traits produced by two or more genes

Ex: human skin color (produces a range or spectrum of colors)

What’s another example?

Epistasis

Epistatic genes= can interfere with the expression of other genes

Mice and other mammals have 5 genes to determine color (making them polygenetic)

The 5th gene can overshadow all other genes Ex: Albinism

Dihybrid crosses

=crosses that look at inheritance of two different traits.

Ex: peas that are yellow/green with smooth/wrinkled skin

Exit Slip

A man with homozygous type A blood and a woman with heterozygous type B blood want to know the probability of having a child with type AB blood.

Draw a Punnett Square and write a percentage.

RTW Tuesday, January 14th

Which of the following genetypes would produce a phenotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1?

A. RRyy &rrYY

B. RrYY & RRYy

C. RrYy & RrYy

D. rryy & rryy

RTW Thursday, January 16th

In fish, the allele B produces gold colored fish. The allele b produces silver colored fish . The B allele is dominant to the b allele. Both parents are heterozygous. What percent of the offspring are expected to be gold?

RTW Friday, January 17th

Skin color is a polygenetic trait in humans. Which of the following best describes how skin color is determined?

A. Skin color is controlled by a single dominant gene

B. Skin color is controlled by more than one gene

C. The gene for skin color is located on the X chromosome

D. The gene for skin color is located on the Y chromosome

Genetics Disorder Brochure Project

Create a tri-fold brochure

Needs to be creative and informative

Research a genetic disorder

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS!!

Include work cited/reference page

List of Genetic Diseases Adrenoleukodytrophy

Albinism, oculocutaneous

Alzheimer Disease, familial type 5

Angleman Syndrome

Burkitt’s Lymphoma

Cat Eye Syndrome

Cri-du-chat (Cat’s Cry Syn.)

Cystic Fibrosis

DiGeorge Syndrome

Down’s syndrome

Patau Syndrome (Trisomy 13)

PKU

Prader-Willi Syndrome

Rentinitis pigmentosa

Rett Syndrome

Sickle Cell Anemia

Smith-Magenis Syndrome

Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome

Wolf Hirschhorn Syndrome

Duchenne Muscular DystrophyEdwards SyndromeFabry DisaseHemophilia A/BHuntington’s Disease

Jacobson Syndrome

Marfan Syndrome

Monsomy 9p (Alfi’s Syndrome)

Mytonic Dystrophy

Neurofibromatosis

RTW Tuesday, January 21st

The probability that two parents who are heterozygous will have a child with a disorder is 25%. Which of the following best applies to the inheritance pattern for this disorder?

A. Recessive

B. Dominant

C. Polygenetic

D. Sex-linked

Human Genetics

& Pedigrees

Ch. 7.4

Genetic Disorders

Only females can be carries of sex-linked genetic disorders Brainstorm WHY?

Genetic Disorders

Only females can be carries of sex-linked genetic disorders Brainstorm WHY?

Genetic Disorders

The likelihood of inheriting a sex-linked disorder depends both on the sex of the child and which parent carries the disorder-causing allele.

Do you think a boy or girl is more likely to have a sex-linked disorder if the mother is a carrier?

Genetic Disorders in History

Queen Victoria of the British royal family was a carrier for a sex-linked disorder called hemophilia Hemophilia= lacks proteins that allows blood to

clot.

She passed this disease to her son, and he then passed it to his daughter who was a carrier.

Because royal families tend to marry into other royal families, several other countries blood lines now had hemophilia “The Royal Disease”

Pedigrees

Pedigree= chart that can help trace the phenotypes and genotypes in a family

Helps to determine whether people carry recessive alleles

Males= squares

Females= circles

Shaded= affected/ shows the trait

Half-shaded= carrier for the trait

Pedigrees

The disease can be carried on autosomes or sex chromosomes Autosomal= gives males & females 50% chance

of inheritance

RTW Wednesday, January 22nd

Colorblindness is a sex-linked trait caused by a recessive allele carried on the X chromosome (Xc). What are the possible phenotypes for the children of a colorblind father (XcY) and normal vision mother (XCXC)?

RTW Wednesday, January 22nd

Colorblindness is a sex-linked trait caused by a recessive allele carried on the X chromosome (Xc). What are the possible phenotypes for the children of a colorblind father (XcY) and normal vision mother (XCXC)?

All daughters will have normal vision but will be carriers of the allele for

colorblindness; all sons will have normal vision.

Patterns of Inheritance

1. Autosomal Dominant The inheritance of one mutated copy of a gene results in trait / disease. These traits / disorders tend to occur in every generation of an affected family. Examples: Huntington disease, polydactyly

2. Autosomal Recessive The inheritance of two mutated copies of a gene results in disease. An individual that inherits a single copy of the mutated gene is known as

a carrier. Both males and females can be carriers. Examples: cystic fibrosis, sickle-cell anemia, Tay-Sachs disease

3. Sex-Linked (X-Linked Recessive) The inheritance of a mutated gene on an X chromosome may result in

disease. Only females can be carriers, therefore men are more frequently affected by these types of disease. Examples: colorblindness, hemophilia

Harry is the son of Lily and James Potter. Lily Potter had two parents and a sister without any magical ability (muggles). Assuming magical ability is recessive, what are the genotypes of Harry Potter’s maternal grandparents?

Construct a Punnett square to justify your answer. Describe Harry Potter’s genotype using genetics

vocabulary.

Harry Potter’s maternal grandparents are heterozygous, Mm:

Harry Potter, like his mother Lily, is homozygous recessive for magical ability.

M m

M

m

M MM m

Mm mm

Biotechnology

Hypothesize what it is?

Biotechnology

Hypothesize what it is? Biotechnology= the use and application of living

things and biological processes

What are some examples?

Biotechnology

Hypothesize what it is? Biotechnology= the use and application of living

things and biological processes

What are some examples? Microorganisms used to make bread and cheese Liquid BandAid used to seal wounds and

replicate skin Hybrid fruit trees to create new fruits (Grapple)

Medical Biotechnology

Work in pairs with your shoulder partner (the person next to you)

1 iPad per pair

Job Roles: Reporter- researches information and relays

information to recorder Recorder- writes down information on paper

YOU & YOUR PARTNER WILL TURN IN ONE SHEET OF PAPER WITH ALL THE INFORMATION!

Medical Biotechnology ActivityFor your example, answer the following:

1. What is it?

2. What can it be used for?

3. How is biotechnology used in your example/product?

4. What are the potential impacts to

a) The individual (aka YOU!)

b) Society

c) The environment

5. Record your findings on paper to be turned in

Cite your sources! You need at least two.