rta supplement to austroads part 2 - 2006 design considerations

RTA Supplement Guide to R__________________________________________________________________

oad Design Part 2 (Austroads) ____________________________

RTA Austroads Guide Supplements

Publication Number: RTA/Pub. 11.091

Publication date: 3 March 2011 Supersedes : Nil

RTA Supplement to

AUSTROADS GUIDE TO ROAD DESIGN

PART 2 (2006): DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

General Austroads has released the Guide to Road Design Part 2 Design Considerations and all road agencies across Australasia have agreed to adopt the Austroads guides to provide a level of consistency and harmonisation across all jurisdictions. This agreement means that the new Austroads guides and the Australian Standards, which are referenced in them, will become the primary technical references for use within the Authority. This supplement is issued to clarify, add to, or modify the Austroads Guide to Road Design Part 2 Design Considerations. The RTA NSW accepts the principles in the Austroads Guide to Road Design Part 2: Design Considerations with variations documented in this supplement. These variations fall into two categories:

RTA Complementary Material: RTA Design Reference Documents reference

material that complements the Austroads Guides. These documents include RTA Manuals, Technical Directions and/or other reference material and are to be read in conjunction with the Austroads Guides.

RTA Departures: RTA road design practices that depart from the Austroads Guides.

See also the RTA Supplements for the other parts to the Austroads Guide to Road Design Series and the RTA Supplements to the other Austroads Series. All Reference Documents mentioned in this part should be checked against the RTA Design Reference Documents.

UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED 1 (16 pages)

RTA Supplement Guide to Road Design Part 2 (Austroads) ______________________________________________________________________________________________

Document Information Title: RTA Supplement to

AUSTROADS GUIDE TO Part 2 (2006) : Design Considerations

Branch / Section: Road Design Engineering / Technology Standards (Road) Author: TechnologyStandards(Road)Contributors: TechnologyStandards(Road)Endorsed by: PrincipalRoadDesignEngineer,PatKenny Approved by: ChairofAustroadsReferenceGroup,ChrisHarrison Date of approval and Effect:

3 March 2011

Audience: Public Next Review Date: 17/3/2012 Publication Number: RTA/Pub.11.091 Keywords: Supplement, Austroads, Part 2, Design Considerations,

Road Design.

Document History Version Date Reason for Amendment Page No. Editor 1.0 17/3/2011 Published All Technology

Standards (Road)

For enquiries and further issues to be added to this supplement email Austroads Supplements



ReferenceSection

RTAEnhancedPractice,ComplementaryMaterial,orDepartures

Date

General RTApracticeforActsRTA

,RegulationsandRules.role/purpose:

TransportAdministrationAct1988RoadClassification/RoadAuthorityPowers: RoadsAct1993 RoadsRegulation2008Ro mentpowers:adRules/enforce RoadRules2008 RoadTransport(General)Regulation2005

RTAcomplementarymaterial:DesignReferenceDocuments


ReferenceSection

RTAEnhancedPractice,ComplementaryMaterial,orresDepartu

Date

CONTENPgii

TS Delete:1.1Introduction....................................................................................................11.2Strategicfit.................................................................................................11.3Natureandmagnitudeoftransportdemand..............................21.4Safety...........................................................................................................31.4.1Safetyobjectives............................................................................. 31.4.2Designingforsafety.......................................................................31.5Communityexpectations...................................................................51.6Reducedtraveltimeandcostsincludingfreightcosts..........51.7Reducedfreightcosts..........................................................................61.8Improvedpublictransport................................................................6

Provisionforcyclistsandpedestrians.......................................61.9

CONTENPgii

TS Insert:2.5BelowDesignDomain...........................................................16after

2.4.3Speedparameters.............................................................16and



before3DESIGNCONSIDERATIONS....................................................17

Section1 Deletesections1.1Introductionto1.9ProvisionforcyclistsandpedestriansandtheircontentsandInsertafter1DESIGNOBJECTIVESandbefore2CONTEXTSENSITIVEDESIGNthefollowing:TheplanningapproachadoptedforinfrastructurecontrolledbyNSWRTAissetoutintheNetworkandCorridorPlanningPracticeNotes(RTA2008).NSWRTAundertakesnetworkandcorridorplanningtoidentifyexistingandanticipatedperformanceissues,determinerelative

erprioritiesanddevelopappropriatestrategiestoaddresstheseovthelongerterm.Theoverallframeworkisdescribedfromnetworklevelthroughcorridor,routeandprojectlevel.Atthenetworklevel,theplanningobjectivesincludefourareas:transportdemand,asset,safetyandenvironment.Theroadclassificationisdescribedandthelinkagebetweenmeasuresandobjectivesisillustrated.Forcorridorplanning,eightthemesareusedandthesearedescribedinNetworkandCorridorPlanningPracticeNotes(November2008).Attheroutelevel,asetofmeasuresandtargetstomeetthenetworklevelplanningobjectivesoftransportdemand,asset,safetyandenvironmentaredescribedinthe'NetworkPerformanceMeasuresandNetworkPlanningTargets'(RTA2010).

TherelationshipbetweenNetworkDemandandNetworkSupplyisalsodescribedwithanexpandeddiscussionofmeasuresoverandabovethosedetailedinRTA2008.ItshouldbenotedthatthereisadifferencebetweenmeasuresandtargetsandPerformanceMeasuresareusedtorefertoperformancelevelswhentheroadcarriestrafficwhilePlanningTargetsaredesirablelevelsofaphysicalcharacteristicsuchaslanewidthtobeachievedoveraperiodoftime.Deficienciesonarouteinrelationtostandardsforeachphysicalroadcharacteristicarealsoexplainedandillustrated.Thepriorityroadcharacteristics,thatis,thephysicalcharacteristicsofaroad,havebeenderivedfromalistofperformancemeasuresinlinewithkeyresultareasoftransport,asset,safetyandenvironmentandspecifictargetsforeachofthesecharacteristicsaregiven.Forurbanprojects,againattheroutelevel,asetofmeasuresand



targetstomeetplanningobjectivesoftransportdemand,asset,afetyandenvironmentaredescribedinthe'NetworkPerformancesMeasuresandNetworkPlanningTargets'(RTA2010).ThetargetsforpriorityroadcharacteristicssetoutinRTA2009andRTA2010arecriticalconsiderationsinthedesignofprojectsandintheabsenceofprojectorroutespecificvaluesaretobetakenasthefundamentaldesignobjectivesfortheproject.Itshouldbenotedthatastargetstheydonotexcludestagedimprovementsworkingtowardtherequiredultimatevalues.

ForroadcharacteristicsnotaddressedinprojectorroutespecificdocumentsorinRTA2009andRTA2010,thevaluessetoutinthisdocumentaretobeadoptedinthefirstinstance.

Insomesituationsincludingtransitioningbetweenoldandnewwork,itmaybenecessarytomodifythesevalues.WherethesetargetsorstandardscannotbemetandtheRTAhasgivenermission,thenthecontextsensitivedesignapproachmaybep

exercised.Thisapproachisdescribedbelow.TheRTAiscommittedtoasafeworkingenvironmentforitsworkers.

Agooddesignconsiderssafeconstruction,maintenance,operationanddemolition.

Itisthereforedesirablethattheplanningprocesstakeintoaccountoccupationalhealthandsafety(OHS)issuestoprovideguidanceandalsoallowsufficientflexibilityforthedesignprocesstoproduce'safedesign'.

TheRTAisreviewingitsproceduresforincorporatingOHSissuesintoitsplanningprocess.

TheRTAalsorequiresthataProjectOHSDevelopmentPlaniscompletedateveryphaseofthedesignofanindividualproject.Theprojectmanagermayrequirethedesignertobeinvolvedinthe

theProjectOHSDevelopmentPlanseePart8.realisationofParagraph2DeleteToquoteFHWA,undated)aftertheproject.andbefore

e.Thechalleng

Section2

Paragraph3Deletesafetyafterenvironmentalimpactsandbeforelossofconsistencyandinsertusersafetygenerallythroughtheappropriateapplicationofroaddesignstandards.



Paragrasert

ph3In

theprojectincludingperationanddemolition

Workersafetyoverthelifeofconstruction,maintenance,o

andbeforelossof.aftersafetyParagrasert

ph3In

Trafficcapacityspecificcommunityissues

set,suchasthe factorsthatmayaffectthelifeoftheasallowablemaximumvehicleloading

constructabilityandmaintainabilityratingcosts)andbeforeaesthetics.afterope

Paragraph3eendproducttheInsertafteraesthetics.andbeforeTh

following:CSDisusedforthefollowingreasons:

o ueItrequiresdesignerstorecognisethecommercialvalofanexistingroad.

o forItreducesusageofthescarceresourcesrequiredpavements.

o Ittakesintoaccounttheprivateandcommunityinfrastructurethathasbuiltuparoundanexistingroad

hcorridorandthepotentialdisruptionassociatedwitchangestotheexistingalignment.

o Thelandscapebenefitsassociatedwithearlierroadlocationpracticesareoftenbetterthanthedominationofthelandformthatcanresultfromnew,highspeedalignments.

AnimportantpartofCSDapproachistherelationshipbetweentravelspeedandtheexistinggeometricalignment.Thisinvolvesestablishingrealisticexpectationsaboutthenatureofthealignmentonanarterialroutesectorfortheforeseeablefuture.Itbuildsonthedesignmethodsusedtodeliverselfenforcingdriveroperatingspeeds.Paragraph3InsertAfurtheroptionistodefervariouselementsoftheultimatedesignuntilalaterstage,refertoCommentaryK[seeCommentaryK]afteraesthetics.andbeforeTheendproduct.



Paragraph3DeletetheFigureoccurringafterofeachselection.andbeforeFigure2.1:TheDesignandinsertthefollowingFigure:

Section2.1

Paragraph4Insertafterdesignelementsinvolved.andbeforeUsingthisconceptthefollowing:Routetargetsaretobeusedinthefirstinstancebecausetheyshouldalreadyhavebothextendeddesigndomainandbelowthedesigndomainconsiderationsincluded.Alternatively,normaldesigndomainvaluesintheabsenceofaroutestandardfortheparticularparameter,shouldbeadopted.TheuseofExtendedDesignDomainisfurtherqualifiedinPart8.BelowtheDesignDomainvaluesareonlytobeusedwherestrictadherencetodomainvalueswouldresultinadesignoutcome

chwhichisnotviableandwheretheRTAhasallowedtheuseofsuvalues.TheuseofvaluesthatwouldconstituteeitherExtendedDesign

tenDomainorBelowtheDesignDomainrequirethepriorwritconcurrenceofthePrincipalRoadDesignEngineer.'RoadGeometryAnalyst'isacomputersoftwareavailabletodesignerstoassisttheminidentifyingdeficienciesonexistingroads.Whereverpossible,itshouldbeusedinconjunctionwithclientbriefinformationsuchasaccidentdata,todevelopdesignsonanexistingalignment.TheuseofvaluesthatwouldconstitutetheExtendedDesignDomainrequiresthepriorwrittenconcurrenceofthePrincipalRoadDesignEngineer.Theuseofvaluesthatwouldconstitute



BelowtheDesignDomainrequiresthePrincipalRoadDesignngineertobeconsulted.E

Paragraph5

afterasit:isandbeforedirectlyrelatedtoDeletemoreParagraph6InsertIntheabsenceofaroutestandardandafterare

ndbeforeAsageneralimportant.aParagraph6Deletemoreimportantandinsertclass46afterdesigningand

.beforeroadsParagraph7Insertintheabsenceofaroutestandard,afterSimilarly,and

sinthe.beforevalueParagraph8InsertRefertoPart8,4.7.2DesignDepartures/Exceptionsfordetailsofwhendesignexceptionsshouldnotbeusedafterand

oreFigure2.2.risks.andbefParagraph10Delete:

eeringcommunityvalues.afterwillberequired.Tosomeextent

Theseenginandbeforeandinsert:Wherethesevaluesareoutsideofthedesigndomain(bothnormalandextended),thisthenbecomesa"BelowtheDesignDomain"decisionandisnotnormallytakenbythedesignerbutbytheProjectManagerutilisingadvicefromthedesigner.Furtherinformationonthe"BelowtheDesignDomain"conceptisgivenin2.5.Paragraph11

Insertafterapproachtodesign.andbeforeFigure2.2.thefollowing:ForfurtherdetailofDesignDepartures/ExceptionsrefertoAustroadsProcessandDocumentationPart8Section4.7.2.ArecordofallDesignDepartures/ExceptionsmustbeincludedintheDesignReporttogetherwiththeappropriateroadauthoritysignoffforeach.



Paragraph2Delete11.2ofGuidetotheGeometricDesignofRuralRoads(Austraods,2003)afterreferSectionandbeforeInsomecasesandinsert4.2.6ofGuidetoRoadDesignPart3:

adDesign(Austroads,2009).GeometricRoParagraph2InsertRefertoPart1forRTAsOrderofPrecedenceafterabove

eforeThepractical.3.0m).andbParagraph3Delete3.0occurringafterruralroadisandbeforem(refer

dinsert3.1.Sectionan

Section2.2

Paragraph3Delete11.2,Austroads,2003occurringafterreferSectionandbefore).Asageneralandinsert4.2.6ofGuidetoRoadDesign

etricRoadDesign,Austroads,2009.Part3:Geom

Paragraph3DeleteAustroadshasdefined(Table2.2).andinsertRTAhasdefinedasystemoffunctionalclassificationforruralandurban

TA2010).roads(referR

Section2.4.1

Paragraph4DeleteInruralareastrafficfunction.whichincludesTables2.2and2.3.

Section2.4.3 AfterParagraph2Insertafterurbanroads.andbefore3DESIGN

CONSIDERATIONSthefollowing:2.5BelowDesignDomain(BDD)Itmustberecognisedthatnotallroadworksrequireplansorgeometricdesign.Manymaintenanceworksfallintothiscategory,includingactivitiessuchasresealing(withoutimprovementinwidth),shoulderresheeting(withoutimprovementinwidth),relinemarkingandpavementrepairs.Otheractivitiesincludingasphaltoverlays,granularoverlaysorwideningandorsealingofpartoralloftheshouldersmaynotaffectthehorizontalorverticalalignmentandmayhavedrawingstofacilitateminorshapecorrections.However,theseactivitiesmayalsoproduceanettresultsuchthattheoveralldesignstandardhasbeeneffectivelyreducedandaBelowtheDesignDomainsituationexists.ThereforeadvicefromRoadDesignEngineeringmustbesoughttoidentifyandcorrectanyissuesdirectlyrelatedtochanges



suchaslevels,roadsidefurniture,drainage,frictionfactorsetc.anditisexpectedthatthiswouldincludeanassessmentofthepotentialimpactondriverbehaviour(includingtheeffectonoperatingspeed)andappropriatedesigntocorrectanydeficienciesbroughtaboutbythis.

Thelevelofgeometricdesignappliedtotheseworkswillbedrivenbyfactorsoutsidethedesignerscontrol,inparticular,theleveloffundingavailabletoroadauthoritiesundertheseprogrammes.

ItcanbeseenfromFigure2.1thatcostsandbenefitscontinuetodecreaseforvaluesofdesignparametersbelowtheDesignDomain,buttheremaystillbenettsafetybenefitsbydoingworkinthisareaknownasBelowtheDesignDomain.ThetopofthisrangeisdefinedbythebottomoftheEDD,thepreferablelowerlimitforrestorationworks.Generally,valuesintheBDDrangecannotbesupportedonengineeringgroundsbut,nevertheless,theremaybecircumstancesinwhichdesignersareobligedtoproduceDrawingsusingvaluesinthisareaandmayachieveaddedsafetyvaluebycontributingdesignadvice.

Roaddesignerscanaddvalueinthefollowingareas:

hintheidentifyinginconsistentgeometricelementswitprojectlength

identifyinginconsistentgeometricelementsonimmediatelyadjoininglengthsofroadwherea

nsubstandardgeometricelementistoberetainedexaminingtherecordedcrashesattheparticularlocatio

providingadviceontheuseoftrafficmanagementdevicesthatprovidewarningtoapproachingmotorists

eandmaymitigatetheriskassociatedwithadoptingthlowervalue.

TheRTAhasestablisheda"DesignMatrixshowingthetypesofinvestigationrequiredwhenundertakingvarioustypesofmaintenance/rehabilitation/reconstructionactivities"(seeRTASupplementtoPart1Clause3.2.2)

TheRTAhasestablishedvaluesforvariousroaddesignparametersbasedonNDD,EDDandBDDandthesearespecifiedinthedraftRTARuralNetworkPlanningTargets(RTA,2009)andRTAUrbanNetworkPlanningTargets(RTA,2010).

iskfactorsforBrownfieldssitesarediscussedinCommentaryV.R



Paragraph3Insertafterforfurtherguidance.andbeforeTable3.1:Checklistthefollowing:Onallprojects,eveniftheyarereasonablysimple,recordsmustbekeptanddocumentationprovidedofallprojectdecisionmakingmatters.Forsmallerprojects,thismayjustbeashortsectionintheDesignReport.Forlargerprojectsitwillinvolveacompletestudywithaacilitatoranddetailedreportingofoutcomes,whichwillthenfbecomepartoftheprojectrecords.Thereportmustshowthatalltheissueshavebeenfullyconsideredandthatappropriateremedialmeasureshavebeendeterminedwhererequired.Thesedocumentsmustbeavailableforfutureaccessifrequired,andtheprocessmustbefullytransparent.Anyopportunitiestoprovidecostsavingsbydeferringunnecessaryworksmustbepursued.Thismaymeanthatsomeformationwidening,sealingorotherimprovementsaredonewhilepavementstructuralworkisdeferred(ifpracticable)untillater.Forexample,iftheremaininglifeofthepavementandotherperformancemeasuresaresatisfactory,thepavementstructuraloverlayandstrengtheningmaybeabletobelefttothenextincrementalimprovementreview,whichcouldbeupto10yearsinthefuture.Ontheotherhand,potentialbudgetshortfallsforriskreducingorotherworksshouldbeaddressedandmustbediscussedandapprovedbythedelegationsasoutlinedinheRTA'sNetworkPlanningTargets.tTable3.1ChecklistfordesignconsiderationsCONSTRUCTIONFACTORSInsert,REHABILITATION&RECONSTRUCTIONafterCONSTRUCTIONandbeforeFACTORS.Delete[seeCommentaryK]afterproposalsandbeforeTrafficmanagement.

Section3.1

MAINTENANCEFACTORSertafterfacilitydesignandbeforeINDUSTRIALFACTORSthelowi

Insfol

ng: designdetailsincludingparkingbaysforaccess sealingunderbarriersetctominimiseworkerexposure

locationofroadsidefurnituretomaximiseworkersaccessandminimiserisk


COMMENTARYA

DeletecontentandinsertNotUsed.

COMMENTARYB


COMMENTARYC


COMMENTARYD


Paragraph3sionafterandwiththeandbeforeofthepublic.Deleteinclu

Paragraph4Delete

ex.htmefore

http://www.kytc.state.ky.us/design/designmanual/indafterhttp://www.tfhrc.gov/focus/oct02/02.htmandb

d/context/index.htm.http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/oppFigureF.1:Conceptualdiagram

aftervalueforaandbeforeroadDeletenewParagraph7Deletebecomeincreasinglycapability.afterbecausetheyandbeforeAnydecisionandinsertcannotbesupportedonpurely

unds.technicalgroParagraph8Deletecrashaftersupportedbyandbeforeanalysisandinsert

.appropriateParagraph8DeleteItmustalsoofcrashes.aftercrashanalysis.andbefore

evices.MitigatingdParagraph9

eNewZealand(TNZ,1998).Deleteorth

COMMENTARYE

Paragraph9InsertAmajorconsiderationintheuseofmitigatingdevicessuchassignpostingistheresponsetimetoeffectrepairsshoulddamageoccur.afterhazards,etc.andbeforeCOMMENTARYG.




Paragraph1DeleteorLandTransportNewZealand(LTNZ)after

teAustroadsandbeforestandardvehicle.appropriaParagraph1InsertfortheDesignVehicleandfortheCheckingVehicle.afteradoptedandbefore(referto.TableG1:DesignvehiclesAustraliaDeleteTableG1:DesignVehiclesAustraliaanditscontentsand

SEDinsertNOTUParagraph1Deletethetablesbelowafter(refertoandbeforeTableG1:andinsertPart3:GeometricDesign2.2.5DesignVehicleandPart4Intersections5.2and5.3..TableG2:DesignVehiclesNewZealandDeleteTableG2:DesignVehiclesNewZealand.anditscontents

OTUSED.andinsertNParagraph2Insertdesignedandafterdesignshouldbeandbeforecheckedfor.

COMMENTARYG

Paragraph2Deleteforthelargesttheroad,afterbecheckedandbefore

stroads.usingtheAu

COMMENTARYH

Paragraph1Insertafter..andfillsarerequired.andbeforeCOMMENTARYI,thefollowing:Thecostpenaltyforincreasingthedesignspeedfrom60km/hto80km/h,70km/hto90km/h,or80km/hto100km/hinundulating,andhillyterrainmaybeinthevicinityofbetween2to3timesthecostsofthelowerspeedalignment.Thiswillincreasefurtherwhenmountaincountryisencountered.Infactinmostcasesitwouldbeimpossibletoeconomicallyandpracticallyobtainadesignof100km/hinmostmountainrelatedterrainsduetohorizontalandverticalalignmentrestrictions.Hence,contextsenstivedesignbasedonanoperatingspeedapproachwillbenecessarytodeliveranppropriateengineeredoutcomea

COMMENTARY Paragraph2



K Insertafterfuturesignalisation.andbeforeCOMMENTARYL,thefollowing:Fromanassetperspective,retrofitting,replacementorupgradingoftheexistingroadnetworkisamajorissueandthereisalimittotheamountoffundsavailable.Asaresult,theRTAhastakenalongtermviewandadoptedabestfornetwork,routeandroadapproachintryingtomaintainwhilealsoupgradingthestateroadsystem.Thisinvolvesifnecessaryadoptingastagedorincrementalapproachtoworkpriorities.Thebasisoftheincrementalapproachistotryandachievethewidestsealsandshoulderwidthspossiblewithinexistingformationstomeetdemandinacosteffectiveway.Alternativelyiffundspermit,provideforthefinaldesignformationwidth,wherethisisnotalreadyavailable.Thiscanthenbeusedtoachievefuturefullpavementandsealedshoulderwidths,drainage,clearzoneandbetterverticalalignmentwhichareabletobeprogressivelyimprovedduringanyfutureupgrades.

COMMENTARYM

Insertafterbudgetfunding.andbeforeCOMMENTARYNthefollowing:WhenundertakingeconomicanalysistheRTAreliesonawholeoflifeandbenefit/costanalysisindeterminingthebestoption.Oftenthemajorcostisnottheinitialcost,itistheongoinglifecycleostwhichincludesannualandperiodic,usingeitherrecurrentorapitalfunding.cc

COMMENTARYN

Insertafterstandardunaffordable.andbeforeCOMMENTARYOthefollowing:ItisimportantthatdesignersandprojectmanagersunderstandwhytheyaredoingorarenotdoingcertainthingsinrelationtoproDec

jects.isionsthatimpactaretakeninsuchareasas:thepriorities,policiesandgoalsoftheStateGovernment, includingStateTreasurypoliciessuchasTotalAsset

sportpolicy ManagementGuidelinesmeetingTransportNSWdirectionsforoveralltranmeetingtheRTAscorporateplanningobjectives

COMMENTARYQ

Insertlightrail/afterorbetterandbeforetramstops.

COMMENTARY Paragraph4



T DeleteThesemeasuresaresummarisedspeedincludingTableT1anditscontentsafterofeffectiveness.andbeforeAnumberofconditions.

COMMENTARYV

InsertafterthisGuidetoRoadDesign.thefollowing:COMMENTARYVRiskManagementtechniquescanbeappliedatalloperationallevels,fromthestrategiclevel(suchasRegionalRouteStandards)tothedeliveryoflocalprojects.Followingareaseriesofriskissuesthatcouldbeusedasachecklist,orconsideworks:

redforimplementationonprogrammedpavement /ortheratechangesintheprogrammingoftheworksand

offundingcostproblemsthatleadtoabudgetoverrun

changesinthenumberofESAcarriedbythenewwork,leadingtoasignificantreductionindesignlifeforthepavement

geunknownenvironmentalissuessuchasaburiedheritaitemnotfounduntilexcavated

errorsintheassumptionsaboutthepavementdesigne)

(especiallyregardingthestrengthofthesubgradsafetytargets(bothstrategicandlocal)notbeingmet

incidentsoccurringduringtheprojectthatdrawattentiontoproblemsthatwerenotpreviouslyevident

notexpectationsofstakeholders(especiallytheRAM)beingmetbythefinishedwork

emergenceofanunrecognisedstakeholderwhoseexpectationsareimportanttotheprojectoutcomes

workprogramsrequiringadjustmentduetoproblemsertise,withtheavailabilityofimportantresources(exp

materials,plant) withdrawaloffundsatcriticaltimesbecauseof

emergencyissuesatotherlocationsonthenetwork roaduserspeedperceptionissues.Forexample,drivers

mayperceivethatanewsurfacecreatedfromaroutineresealiscapableofsustaininghigheroperatingspeeds,eventhoughthealignmentandsignpostedlimitsremainunchanged

problemswiththedrainagesystemduringthecourseofthework

utilityadjustmentsthataredelayedornotidentifiedinthestrategicprojectplanningstage

eliveryofincreasesintheunitratesforthesupplyandd

pavementmaterialsdefective/delayedsuppliesofcriticalmaterialproblemswithsafetyaudits

StopWorkordersissuedbyauthorisedexternal

RTA Supplement Guide to Road Design Part 2 (Austroads) __________________ ______________________________________________________

______________________


agencies industrialdisputes

OH&Sissues adversepublicityfromcommunityrepresentativesthat

divertsresourcesand/ornecessitatesalterationstotheproject

communityprotestatlossofbusinessduringworks,orallfinals,interferencewithimportantlocalevents(footb

localshows)heritageissuesarisingfrompoorinvestigation

t,vibration,constructionngoftheworksprogram

publichealthissues(noise,dusructuri

traffic)thatrequirerest

unexpectedgroundconditions

problemswithutilities

inadequateprovisionsfortraffic

copeofworks eareas,disposalareas

projectcreepduetochangesinsproblemswithhaulroutes,stora

g vandalism/arson/theft/sabotage

heavyraindamagingtheworks ower,programmingissueswithotheragencies(p

railway)becomingcriticalwithdrawalofpoliticalsupportforproject

projectvariationsexceedingavailablefunds postcompletiondefectsthathavebecomecritical.

Detailsfrompostcompletionreportsarealsoimportantsourcesofinformationwhencarryingoutreviewsofkeyissuesthathavearisenfrompreviousprojects.

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