Power Grid Simulation and Beyond at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Mallikarjuna R. Vallem Senior Research Engineer Advanced Grid Analytics and Renewable Integration Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 902 Battelle Boulevard P.O. Box 999, MSIN K1-85 Richland, WA 99352 USA Tel: 509-375-2895 Mallikarjuna.Vallem@pnnl.gov

Applications

Evolution of power system tools

2

Manual calculation

Manual simulation

EMS (operation) PSLF, PSS/E etc. (planning) OPF Market Clearing

Power flow Short circuits System stability ????

10,000s buses

Analogue simulation Digital simulation High performance simulation Hardware in the loop testing

Analog computer Digital computer HPC, Real-time simulators

3

Chemical Experiment

Circuit Experiment

Automotive Experiment

Power Grid Experiment?

There is no real experiment on the power grid. Virtual power systems can aid real-time experiments. Need for real-time power system testbeds.

Need for virtual power systems and simulation capabilities

3

Overview of power system operation

Power Grid Generators

Transmission/Distribution

Markets

End users Ref: http://brandng.com/

Comms

SCADA master

Database curation Historian

Applications Power flow State estimation Bad Data

Detection Automatic

Generation Control

Optimal Powerflow

Markets Unit commitment Dispatch

Energy management system

Visual Analytics

Operator control/ Decision support

4

Virtual power grid for advanced simulation and analysis

Applications Power flow State estimation Bad Data

Detection Automatic

Generation Control

Optimal Powerflow

Markets Unit commitment Dispatch

SCADA/ EMS

Database curation Historian

Operator control/ Decision support

Visual Analytics

Virtual Power Grid

Generators

Transmission/Distribution

Markets

End users

Hardware devices

Hardware devices

Hardware devices

Comms

Comms

Comms

Comms

5

Distribution simulator, repository of controllers, networks, devices and end use models

Co-simulation framework to run synchronize and share data between many simulators

Network emulator for power grid applications

Flexible control platform for power grid devices

HPC solver for advanced power system applications

Data management and advanced visualization tools

Bridging the gaps: PNNL developed tools for grid analytics

6

GridLAB-DTM

PowerNET

VOLTTRONTM

FNCS

Advanced visual analytics

GridPACKTM

PNNL developed tools and platforms

Scope of PNNL developed tools power system simulation

SCADA

Database curation Historian

Applications Power flow State estimation Cyber security/BDD AGC OPF Markets Unit commitment Dispatch . . .

Operator control/ Decision support

Visual Analytics

Virtual Power Grid

Generators

Transmission/Distribution

Markets

End users

Hardware devices

Hardware devices

Hardware devices

Comms

Comms

Comms

Comms

GridPACKTM GridLAB-DTM

PowerNET

GridPACKTM, GridLAB-DTM

M-DART

Advanced visual

analytics

FNCS

VOLTTRONTM

VOLTTRON

TM

VOLTTRON

TM

PNNL tools footprint

7

State of the art PNNL test facilities

8

Electricity Infrastructure Operations Center (EIOC)

Fully capable control center Brings together industry-leading software, real time data and advanced computation capabilities Safe test facility for grid research

PNNL Institutional Computing (PIC) Computing cluster for HPC applications Ranked 179 on top 500 supercomputers in June 2012 In-house and competitive access to PNNL HPC requirements

State of the art PNNL test facilities (contd.)

9

Lab homes Building technologies test facility Fully equipped and functional homes Separate baseline and experimental homes for testing advanced technologies EV charging and smart appliances

State of the art PNNL test facilities (contd.)

10

PowerNET test bed Cyber-physical and network emulation test bed Dynamically configurable Web GUI with drag-and-drop network configuration Wide scale federated testing and understand associated management and security concerns Hosts infrastructure such as

Synchrophasors SCADA equipment SCADA/Energy Management System Opal-RT HIL system

PowerNET demo: Testing cyber-attack vulnerabilities on power systems

11

Developing power system test cases for HPC applications

State-of-the-art: Large network cases like western or eastern interconnection cases available but not open source Open source cases are obtained by stitching many smaller systems artificially to create large cases

Our approach: System expansion based on planning, engineering and best-practice understanding Attempt to preserve realistic nature of the power system

Power flow case development: Largest size: 766,000 bus (transmission) Tested with GridPACKTM and MATPOWER

12

Dynamic simulation case development under progress: Development of open source large scale (30000 buses) power system cases for dynamic simulation Benchmarking ePHASORsim solver accuracy and performance against other commercial (PSS/E and TSAT) and research grade (GridPACKTM) dynamic simulation solvers

Funded by Opal-RT technologies Open source sample network and dynamic data extracted from Alberta ISO cases (source: http://www.aeso.ca/transmission/261.html)

13

Developing power system test cases for HPC applications (contd.)

Questions???

Power Grid Simulation and Beyond at Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryEvolution of power system toolsNeed for virtual power systems and simulation capabilitiesOverview of power system operationVirtual power grid for advanced simulation and analysisBridging the gaps: PNNL developed tools for grid analyticsScope of PNNL developed tools power system simulationState of the art PNNL test facilitiesState of the art PNNL test facilities (contd.)State of the art PNNL test facilities (contd.)PowerNET demo: Testing cyber-attack vulnerabilities on power systemsDeveloping power system test cases for HPC applicationsDeveloping power system test cases for HPC applications (contd.)Slide Number 14