rpas application and research activities in lithuania · 9/29/2015 rpas application and research...

RPAS Application and Research Activities in Lithuania

Antanas Gustaitis Aviation Institute Deputy Director,

Dr. Darius Rudinskas

9/29/2015

Content

• RPAS Applications;

• RPAS Research Activities;

• Future air navigation system: sharing HNIT-Balticand Lithuania Unmanned Aircraft Operators Association (LBONA) practice.

RPAS Application and Research Activities in Lithuania 29/29/2015

RPAS Applications

Very high resolution aerial photography2015/02 Trakai Castle


RPAS Applications

Very high resolution aerial photography2014 – 2015 m. period (Zarasai distr.)

Vasaknų Islands fishing pond movement monitoring

Vasaknos (Zarasų raj.)

2014


RPAS Applications

UAV place in to the system of agrarian technology


A.To use photographic invisible spectrum.

B. To use photographicin normal infraredspectrum.

Analysis of landed property with UAV applicable in several technological directions:

RPAS Applications

6RPAS Application and Research Activities in Lithuania 69/29/2015

Potencial analysis of landed property using UAV:

1.Fundamental (basic) analysis of agrarian landed property:Purpose: Formation of particular territory soil surface picture (soil type

indentification). Periodicity: often one-time, rarely two or three- time periods.

Result: It is fundamental basis, determinative tipe of household, intensivity and valids complex of economical tools.

2. Diagnostic analysis of agrarian landed propertyPurpose: Getting operational information about feature on landed

property. Periodicity: Often multiplex short-time or long-time analysis, rarely one-

time analysis.

Result: It is operational data on landed property (soil surface, biological production) condition and its qualitative variation in analysing area.

RPAS Applications


2014.10.21 Tabokinės k. Biržai distr.2014.10.09

Tabokinės k. Biržai distr.

Comparison of applicable crop survey methods

RPAS Applications


Simple assessment of natural fauna spoliation in the croplands

RPAS Applications


RPAS Applications

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Detailed assessment of natural fauna spoliation in the croplands


RPAS Applications

11

Identification of melioration system and fixing condition (Kaišadoriai distr. (2015 04)


RPAS Research Activities

• Design of UAV guidance and control algorithm and analysis;

• Design of UAV integrated system health management methods;

• UAV HIL testing;

UAV control process analysis

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• Flight tests;• Post flight analysis.



• UAV airfoils characteristics (XFOIL, RFOIL, MSES, Eppler-program)

• UAV wing and plane 3-D configuration (PSW, KK-Aero, XFLR5)

• UAV stability and control (VLA)• Aerodynamic, structural, and control-

response analysisof aircraft with flexible wings and fuselages (ASWING)

Aerodynamic design of high performance UAV



Air Traffic Control Simulator



Kyviškės airfield


Future air navigation system: sharing HNIT-Baltic and Lithuania

Unmanned Aircraft Operators Association (LBONA) practice

Audrius Kryžanauskas (HNIT-Baltic)Antanas Gedvilas (LBONA)

HNIT-Baltic and LBONA

• HNIT-Baltic – IT company, provides geospatial solutions.• LBONA – Lithuanian Unmanned Aircraft Users

Association. Coordinating, licensing, certifying, consulting pilots.

• We united our experience for drone real-time tracking experiment


Regulations and restrictions to drones

• Unmanned aircraft in Lithuania must be used in accordance with rules on the use of unmanned aircraft, approved by the Director of Civil Aviation Administration in 23 January 2014.

• There are restrictons in the rules, that are applied to alldrones

– Over 400 feet (~ 120 meters) flight is prohibited– Flight must be made in visible zone, not further than 1000

from drone operator• There are restrictions, based on specific place

– Airports– Obstacles

• Some zones are restricted by local municipalities– Dangerous objects– Harazdous materials– Prisons– ...

www.nydaylynews.com

In order to fly in restricted zone, drone operatormust obtain permission from Civil AviationAdministration


Future

• Civil Aviation Administration investigating possibilitiesto track drones outside “visible” range of the flight – To control situation in the sky (Civil Aviation

Administration)– Drone must be tracked during the flight, declaring

its position to Civil Aviation Administration– Permission to flight if such function is implemented– To avoid crossing of restricted zones and inform

users– To control own drones– To find lost drone– Best currently available network for signal

transmission is GSM


The Problem

• Real-time drone tracking (near real time) is needed– Drone must be tracked during the flight and

coordinates transmitted to independent centralorganization (CAA)

• This is not usual tracking system– Information must be sent to data center at regular

time interval. Usual tracking systems are sending position via SMS on demand.

– SMS is not acceptable, because required tracking interval is 1-5 seconds.

• Size and weight of tracking device. It influences size of drone.


Tracking alternative: ADS-B

Limitations– Transponder‘s size, weight. Currently available smallest ADS-B

transponder is 3.5” x 1.8” x 0.7”, weights 100 grams without GPS receiver

– Transponder’s price >$2000– There’s no required infrastructure – receiver antennas (drones flying at

height about 100m – a lot of antennas needed)

Source: http://flightaware.com/adsb/coverage

Current ADS‐B coverage at 5 000 feet altitude

Current ADS‐B coverage at 30 000 feet altitude

Automatic dependent surveillance –broadcast (ADS–B) is a cooperative surveillance technology in which an aircraft determines its position via satellite navigation and periodically broadcasts it, enabling it to be tracked.

Benefits– This is standard way how flying wehicles are tracked

without radars. Currently used in big commercial planes.– This is expanding technology. 2020 ADS-B will be

mandatory in USA and Europe:(June 7, 2020) All existing aircraft weighing greater than 5,700 kg (12,500 lbs.) or having max cruise speed greater than 250 kts TAS in European airspace need ADS-B 1090ES “Out” with diversity.(December 31, 2019) All aircraft Operating in Class A, B, C airspace, Class E above 10,000 feet MSL and airspace identified in Part 91 Appendix D require ADS-B “Out.” (Aircraft certified without an electrical system are exempt.)


Tracking alternativeDrone > base > data center

• Sending GPS coordinates to base station where operator resides, then resending coordinates to CAA center using mobile networks

• Benefits– Some drones are already equipped with GPS and radio

transponders, sending signal to base station. Signal might be transmitted to CAA center from base station

• Limitations• Additionally to standart software in base station there are

needed additional modules for coordinate transmission to center. In most cases impossible to decode protocols used for communication between drone and base

• Transponders on drone and in base needed (additional infrastructure)

• Drone will be lost in case of signal breakdown between drone and station.

• There is additional delay for sending coordinates from drone to base station

Decode andsend

coordinates?


Tracking alternative:Drone > data center

• Sending GPS coordinates from drone directly to independent center(Civil Aviation administration), using mobile networks

• Benefits– Smartphones as transponders might be used– Ready to use mobile network infrastructure– Independent from drone operator

• Limitations– GSM device on the drone – additional weight– Weight of smartphone – there are unused parts and sensors– Flying to high may influence loss of GSM coverage, because

the most GSM antennas are oriented to the ground

Image: www.cellular‐expert.com


The experiment on the field• Drone controlled using 2,4 GHz radio control system• Real time coordinates from drone sent using GSM network to server. In this

case smartphone as signal transponder was used (integrated GPS, TCP/IP support), but it weights 116g and is not acceptable for small drones.

• GIS Server analyzes coordinates according to restrictions• Position and warnings are shown on the map

Sending GPS coordinates Video, flight parameters

Map with drone position and warnings

Drone

Base station

Real time video and parameters

GSM network

GIS server +GeoEvent processorCollecting and analysing coordinates


Tracking infrastructure

• Drone Kolibris (constructed by A.Gedvilaslength:150cm, width: 180cm, weight: 2 kg). Equipedwith camera, telemetric sensors.

• Mobile phone (Samsung Galaxy S2, weight: 116g). Sending coordinates using UDP protocol every2 seconds

• Bite GSM mobile network (2G for sending coordinates, 3G for live map application)

• ArcGIS Server with GeoEventprocessor extension – receives signal, analyzes coordinates

• Map Application – displaying droneposition and warnings in real time


Processing coordinates• ArcGIS Server

– Storing GIS data – restricted zones– Collecting coordinates– Displaying map application

• Server extension GeoEvent processor– Analysing coordinates– Fixing critical events (flight limitation, crossing restricted zone)– Sending warning information to server and displaying on the map

Input drone coordinates

Position on the map & warnings

Height warning

Approaching restricted zone

Crossing restricted zoneLeaving „visible“ range


Result• Map with current drone position

– Available as internet site (internet application) on the field– Availability to watch own drone and to view drone position for administering organization

• Real time warnings– Approaching flight limitation zone– Crossing restricted site– Reaching flight height limit


Video of field experiment


Dr. Darius Rudinskas

Audrius Kryžanauskas

Phd Ričardas Skorupskas

Antanas Gedvilas

VILNIUS UNIVERSITY(Department of Geographyand Land Management)

Lithuania Unmanned Aircraft Operators Association (LBONA)

IT company, provides geospatial solutions

Thank you for your attention


rpas application and research activities in lithuania · 9/29/2015 rpas application and research...

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