roztok gel vl. vrstva...most single-walled nanotubes (swnt) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer,...

66
SHRNUTÍ Tažení Syntéza šablonou Fázová separace roztok gel Vl. vrstva Samosestavování Melt-blown „Ostrovy v moři“ Forcespinning Electrospinning

Upload: others

Post on 08-Nov-2020

4 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

SHRNUTÍ

Tažení

Syntéza šablonou

Fázová separace

roztok gel

Vl. vrstva

Samosestavování

Melt-blown

„Ostrovy v moři“

Forcespinning

Electrospinning

Page 2: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

Poznámka

Tažení polymerních nanovláken jako optických vláken

- Průmyslová výroba ???

Literatura:

TONG, L. - SUMETSKY, M.

Subwavelength and Nanometer

Diameter Optical Fibers. Hangzhou;

Heidelberg; New York: Zhejiang

University Press ; Springer, 2010.

236 s. [cit. 2012-04-10]. ISBN

9783642033612.

Page 3: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

Poznámka

Tažení polymerních nanovláken jako optických vláken

- Průmyslová výroba ???

Literatura:

TONG, L. - SUMETSKY, M. Subwavelength and

Nanometer Diameter Optical Fibers. Hangzhou;

Heidelberg; New York: Zhejiang University Press ;

Springer, 2010. 236 s. [cit. 2012-04-10]. ISBN

9783642033612.

Tažení PMMA, PS, PANi/PS

Délky max. několik centimetrů

Page 4: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

Poznámka k diskuzi z minulé přednášky

Tažení polymerních nanovláken jako optických vláken

- Průmyslová výroba ???

Tažení skleněných mikro nebo nanovláken jako optických vláken

JE ZVLÁDNUTO A VELMI DOBŘE V LITERATUŘE POPSÁNO.

TONG, L. - SUMETSKY, M.

Subwavelength and Nanometer

Diameter Optical Fibers. Hangzhou;

Heidelberg; New York: Zhejiang

University Press ; Springer, 2010.

236 s. [cit. 2012-04-10]. ISBN

9783642033612.

Electron microscope images of glass nanofibers. (a) SEM image of a 260-nm-diameter nanofiber placed on a

5.8-μm-diameter microfiber. (b) SEM image of the cross-section of a 480-nm-diameter nanofiber. (c) TEM

image of the edge of a 220-nm-diameter nanofiber. Inset: electron diffraction pattern.

Page 5: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

Poznámka: Ostrovy v moři – bikomponentní vlákna – využití

- Pojení netkaných textilií

Page 6: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

Poznámka: Segmentové koláče – bikomponentní vlákna – využití

- Jemná vlákna

Page 7: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

Poznámka: Segmentové koláče – bikomponentní vlákna – využití

- Jemná vlákna

Page 8: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

Poznámka: Segmentové koláče – bikomponentní vlákna – využití

- Jemná vlákna

Page 9: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

Zvětšování specifického

povrchu v netkaných textiliích

Page 10: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

Uhlíkové nanotrubice

Rozdělení, struktura

Eva Košťáková

KNT, FT, TUL

Page 11: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

Cíl: Pochopení a zapamatování struktury uhlíkových nanotrubic

Snímky převzaty z: http://www.turbosquid.com, http://students.chem.tue.nl/ifp03/default.htm, http://www.itap.uni-kiel.de/theo-physik/heinze/Fig2.html

UHLÍKOVÉ

NANOTRUBICE 3D VIZUALIZACE

CÍL

Page 12: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

3D VIZUALIZACE

REÁLNÉ

UHLÍKOVÉ

NANOTRUBICE –

SNÍMEK TEM REÁLNÉ

UHLÍKOVÉ

NANOTRUBICE –

SNÍMEK SEM REÁLNÉ

UHLÍKOVÉ

NANOTRUBICE –

FOTOGRAFIE

ÚVOD

Page 13: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

ÚVOD

Rám kola byl vyztužen uhlíkovým vlákny a ta byla

prosycena pryskyřicí s uhlíkovými nanotrubicemi.

VÁHA RÁMU??? Převzato z Kalaugher, L.: Nanotube bike enters Tour de France,

Nanotechweb.org, 2005, dostupné na www.nanotechweb.org (20.12.2012)

Page 14: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

UHLÍK

Uhlík je chemický prvek, tvořící základní kámen všech

organických sloučenin a tím i všech živých organizmů.

Charakteristickou vlastností atomů uhlíku je schopnost

vytvářet řetězce, což je dáno mimořádnou pevností

jednoduché a dvojné vazby C-C.

Page 15: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

ZÁKLADNÍ FORMY UHLÍKU

GRAFIT DIAMANT FULEREN

Page 16: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

Diamant Grafit

Fuleren C60 Fuleren C250

Amorfní uhlík Nanotrubice

Formy uhlíkových materiálů

Page 17: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

Diamant Grafit

Formy uhlíkových materiálů

Čistý uhlík je obecně znám ve dvou molekulárních formách: diamant, grafit.

Krystalizace v kubické struktuře

nejčastěji v osmistěnech. Ve formě grafitu uhlík krystalizuje ve vrstvách.

Page 18: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

Grafit

Struktura grafitu je vysoce anizotropní.

Je tvořen grafenovými vrstvami.

V jejich rovině jsou atomy pojeny pevnými

kovalentními vazbami

Ve směru kolmém na tyto vrstvy jsou

slabé vazby – Van der Waalsovy.

Page 19: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

Fullereny

Představují třetí známou formu uhlíku!

Od C20 dále (mimo C22)

Page 21: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

Uhlíkové nanomateriál - Fullereny

Nejméně stabilní C20 – pravidelný dvanáctistěn jehož stěny jsou

pětiúhelníky.

Fulereny jsou „kulovité“ (často mnohostěnné)

obří molekuly tvořené dvaceti a více atomy uhlíku.

Pak téměř pro každý sudý

počet atomů uhlíku (vyjma 22)

existuje další fulleren.

C540

Page 22: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

Uhlíkové nanomateriály – kulovité fullereny

Fuleren C60

Uhlík je čtyřmocný!

Nejobvyklejší fuleren C60 (povrchové napětí)

Mezi šestiúhelníky musí být pětiúhelníkové poruchy –

vytvoření uzavřeného prostorového útvaru.

CENA: Sigmaaldrich.com C60 25mg = 1300Kč (97% čistota), 1kg = 21000Kč

Page 23: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

Jméno fulleren – dle podoby ke kopulím geodetických budov architekta

Richard Buckminster Fullera == Buckminsterfullerene C60

Nobelova cena za chemii - 1996

The first fullerene to be discovered, and the family's

namesake, was buckminsterfullerene C60, made in 1985 by

Robert Curl, Harold Kroto and Richard Smalley.

By 1991, it was relatively easy to produce gram-sized samples

of fullerene powder

Kroto, Curl, and Smalley were awarded the 1996 Nobel Prize

in Chemistry for their roles in the discovery of this class of

compounds.

Page 24: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

Fullerene (Buckyball) colloids, 1,000,000X.

http://www.nature.com/nnano/journal/v1/n2/full/nnano.2006.62.html

The nucleus to nucleus diameter of a

C60 molecule is about 0.71 nm

nano-onions

Fulereny jsou „kulovité“ (často mnohostěnné)

obří molekuly tvořené dvaceti a více atomy

uhlíku.

Page 25: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

Uhlíkové nanomateriál – válcovité

fullereny - Nanotrubice

A large percentage of academic and popular

literature attributes the discovery of hollow,

nanometer-size tubes composed of graphitic carbon

to Sumio Iijima in 1991.

Sumio Iijima (born 1939) is a Japanese physicist,

often cited as the discoverer of carbon nanotubes.

Page 26: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

STRUKTURA UHLÍKOVÝCH NANOTRUBIC

JEDNOSTĚNNÉ UHLÍKOVÉ NANOTRUBICE

SWNTs

DÉLKA VAZBY MEZI DVĚMA

ATOMY UHLÍKU V UHLÍKOVÉ

NANOTRUBICI = 0,14 nm

Grafen – Nobelova cena 2010

http://www.ceskatelevize.cz/ivysilani/10095523948-

prizma/211411058100020/obsah/157448-nobelova-cena-za-fyziku/

Page 27: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

STRUKTURA UHLÍKOVÝCH NANOTRUBIC

JEDNOSTĚNNÉ UHLÍKOVÉ NANOTRUBICE

SWNTs

JEDNOSTĚNNÁ UHLÍKOVÁ

NANOTRUBICE - OTEVŘENÁ

Page 28: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

JEDNOSTĚNNÁ UHLÍKOVÁ

NANOTRUBICE - UZAVŘENÁ

STRUKTURA UHLÍKOVÝCH NANOTRUBIC

JEDNOSTĚNNÉ UHLÍKOVÉ NANOTRUBICE

SWNTs

Page 29: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

SWNTs (single wall nanotubes) –

jednostěnné uhlíkové nanotrubice

Diameter of SWNTs

Optimal 1,4nm

Possible 0,4 – 2,5 nm

Page 30: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

TEM microstructure of SWNT-rope

Page 31: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

3. CARBON NANOTUBES, NANOFIBERS AND NANOWIRES 1

Carbon nanotubes - struktura

a) Zigzag structure

b) Armchair structure

c) Chiral structure

Křesílková struktura

Struktura Zig zag

Chirální struktura

Chiralita označuje asymetrii prostorového rozložení objektu

Page 32: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT)

have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer,

with a tube length that can be many

millions of times longer. The structure of a

SWNT can be conceptualized by wrapping

a one-atom-thick layer of graphite called

graphene into a seamless cylinder. The

way the graphene sheet is wrapped is

represented by a pair of indices (n,m)

called the chiral vector. The integers n and

m denote the number of unit vectors along

two directions in the honeycomb crystal

lattice of graphene. If m = 0, the nanotubes

are called "zigzag". If n = m, the nanotubes

are called "armchair". Otherwise, they are

called "chiral".

Page 33: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

STRUKTURA UHLÍKOVÝCH NANOTRUBIC

JEDNOSTĚNNÉ UHLÍKOVÉ NANOTRUBICE

SWNTs

rolování

grafenu do

tvaru trubice

Page 34: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

Struktura cik-cak Křesílková struktura

(židličková) Chirální struktura

Jednostěnná uhlíková nanotrubice (SWNT)

Různé typy struktur dle uspořádání atomů uhlíku

Grafenový plát

Rolování

SWNT

Page 36: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

The end caps of a nanotube are

one of a half bucky ball and the

repeating axial hexagonal

patterns are graphite structures;

however, the electrical

properties of nanotubes are

dependent on the precise

orientation[5] of the repeating

hexagons. The nanotubes can

be semiconductors (similar to

“doped silicon” used in

integrated circuits) or metal-like

conductors (such as copper

used as electric wiring). The

inset micrographs show the

orientation axes that distinguish

between these electronic

behaviors. These micrographs

also show another important

development – that of single-

walled nanotubes or SWNT.

Using optimum synthesis

conditions one can make SWNT

tubes with diameters of 1.38 ±

0.02 nm, very close to the

diameter of geometrically ideal

nanotubes.

Page 37: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

Optimální průměr SWNT = 1,4nm

Kolik šestiúhelníků je v obvodu takové

trubice, např. při uspořádání zig-zag?

Vzdálenost atomů uhlíku v

šesterečné struktuře je 1,44 Å

Page 38: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

CH3

CH3

1

2

3 4

5

Postup při kreslení nanotrubic

Freeware

ChemSketch

(3D Wiever)

Page 39: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of
Page 40: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of
Page 41: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

MWNTs (multi wall nanotubes)

Multi-walled nanotubes (MWNT) consist of multiple rolled layers (concentric tubes) of graphite.

There are two models which can be used to describe the structures of multi-walled nanotubes. In

the Russian Doll model, sheets of graphite are arranged in concentric cylinders, e.g. a (0,8) single-

walled nanotube (SWNT) within a larger (0,10) single-walled nanotube

Page 42: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

TEM microstructure of MWNTs and nanoparticle

Page 43: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

the multi-walled nanotubes

are concentric (a good

analogy is a Russian

babushka doll). The inset

diagram shows micrographs

for 5, 2 and 7 MWNT

respectively from left to right

Page 44: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

STRUKTURA UHLÍKOVÝCH NANOTRUBIC

VÍCESTĚNNÉ UHLÍKOVÉ NANOTRUBICE

MWNTs A teď je řada na vás…

Vyrobte model vícestěnné uhlíkové nanotrubice

Page 45: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

c-MWNTs (multi wall nanotubes)

cb-MWNTs (bamboo multi wall nanotubes)

Vícestěnná uhlíková trubice typu „bambus“

Page 46: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

Typical TEM images of BCNTs grown at 850 ºC using a 10 wt.% Cu/Mo/MgO catalyst: (a) low magnification TEM image of BCNTs, (b) TEM image of catalyst particles located inside and at the tips of

the nanotubes, (c) TEM image of carbon nanotubes filled with a catalyst nanoparticle which is responsible for the formation of BCNTs with an outer diameter of 20 nm, (d) a high-resolution TEM

image of a BCNT with the curved graphite sheets.

www.azonano.com/Details.asp?ArticleID=2037

Page 47: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

www.materials.ox.ac.uk/peoplepages/grobert.html

Page 48: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

h-MWNTs ( herringboneMWNTs – rybí kost)

hb-MWNTs (bamboo herringbone multi wall nanotubes)

Page 49: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

h-MWNTs

KNT, FT, TUL

Page 50: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

h-MWNTs

KNT, FT, TUL

Page 51: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

Hetero-nanotubes

X@SWNT or X@MWNT - Hybrid carbon nanotubes

An uncapped single-wall carbon nanotube with

encapsulated buckyballs. This type of tube is

sometimes referred to as a ‘peapod’ carbon nanotube.

Page 52: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

Nanotube peapod – hrachový lusk

If the nanotube is big enough, there

is room for metal atoms, molecules,

and even fullerenes to fit inside.

A nanotube filled with fullerenes is

known as a "peapod". A model of a

peapod is shown below.

Page 53: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

Under electron irradiation in TEM mesurements, the fullerenes

become mobile and merge to a second tube inside the tube

http://iffwww.iff.kfa-juelich.de/~cmeyer/filling/fillCNTs.html

Page 54: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of
Page 55: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

Nanotrubice se dají „plnit“ oxidy kovů Ni, Co,

Fe, Zr, Cd, Sn atd. a čistými kovy Ag, Au, Pd,

Rh atd a fulereny.

http://gtresearchnews.gatech.edu/newsrelease/NANOTUBE.html

MWNT

Ag

Snaha o výrobu extrémně jemných kovových drátků – významné zlepšení elektrických vlastností.

Page 56: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

SWNTs – 70%purity 1g = 300Euro

MWNTs – 90%purity 1kg = 1000Euro

MWNTs – 95%purity 1g = 40 Euro

MWNTs – 95%purity surface modified 1g = 50-65Euro

Cena uhlíkových nanotub

Page 57: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of
Page 59: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZwiXUAY2LuE

Page 60: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2012-11/nanotube-yarn-infused-wax-

makes-incredibly-strong-artificial-muscles

Page 61: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mk2sqnA5W6U

Carbon nanotube yarn with polymer – kombinace

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iaZX6G34GPk

Netkaná textilie přímo z vrstvy uhlíkových

nanotrubic

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4XDJC64tDR0

Další postup výroby přízí z uhlíkových nanotrubic

Výroba přízí přímo z CVD pece

Science Express on 11 March 2004

Science 9 April 2004: Vol. 304. no. 5668,

pp. 276 – 278

DOI: 10.1126/science.1094982

Page 62: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

ZÁKLADNÍ VLASTNOSTI CNTs

Comparison of mechanical properties[

Material Young's Modulus

(TPa)

Tensile strength

(GPa)

Elongation at break (%)

SWNT ~1 (from 1 to 5) 13–53E 16

Armchair SWNT 0.94T 126.2

T 23.1

Zigzag SWNT 0.94T 94.5

T 15.6–17.5

Chiral SWNT 0.92

MWNT 0.8–0.9E 11–150

E

Stainless Steel ~0.2 ~0.65–3 15–50

Kevlar ~0.15 ~3.5 ~2

KevlarT 0.25 29.6

EExperimental observation; TTheoretical prediction

Page 63: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

ZÁKLADNÍ VLASTNOSTI CNTs

Because of the symmetry and unique electronic structure of

graphene, the structure of a nanotube strongly affects its electrical

properties. For a given (n,m) nanotube, if n = m, the nanotube is

metallic; if n − m is a multiple of 3, then the nanotube is

semiconducting with a very small band gap, otherwise the nanotube

is a moderate semiconductor. Thus all armchair (n = m) nanotubes

are metallic, and nanotubes (5,0), (6,4), (9,1), etc. are

semiconducting. In theory, metallic nanotubes can carry an

electrical current density of 4 × 109 A/cm2 which is more than 1,000

times greater than metals such as copper[25].

Page 64: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

3. CARBON NANOTUBES, NANOFIBERS AND NANOWIRES 32

Carbon nanofibers: no hollow, diameter -

between 50-200nm, length – several

micrometers.

Carbon nanotubes: presence of hollow, -

from 1nm to several tens of micrometers (It

depends on number of walls), length – several

micrometers.

Nanowires: presence of hollow, - Not from

CARBON, from 1nm to several tens of

micrometers (It depends on number of walls),

length – several micrometers.

Page 65: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

PŘÍŠTĚ

Uhlíkové nanotrubice

VÝROBA, VLASTNOSTI A POUŽITÍ

Page 66: roztok gel Vl. vrstva...Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=19nzPt62UPg

Výroba CNT video