royal commission into the public services in india 1912

8/7/2019 Royal Commission into the Public Services in India 1912

1/42


2/42


3/42

meprbypromoted officers should also be made fuu-of the service intowhich they arepromow (27).=-chi

ppb&0-7

(iii) The practice of employing military officeduties should be continued in the medical,works, railway, and survey of Indiasubject to the conditions stated. Miliwshould also be eligible for appointment to thedepartment. Elsewhere the practice ofthem should be allowed to die out, but abapldtake place gradually in the case of the civilmrpigBurma (paragraph 28).The practice of employing members of the h hcivil service in other departments shouldbe m n k win the post office, and in the Northern Indiaarevenue, Indian finance and customs departmen&Such officers should also continue to supervise&work of the land records (Burma), registration,&and excise, and survey (Madras) departments. 'lkqshould no longerbe appointed directors of agricul-but rural commisionership should becreated andmanned from their ranks.The inspector-generabbipaof police should no more be recruited for in theIndian civil service, but Indian civil servants shouldcontinue to beeligible for these appointments subjectto the claims of qualified police officers (paragraph29).The services which lie between the higher and thesubordinate services should no longer be designated"provincial" services. If they are organised p m v h d ythey should ordinarily bear the name of theirprovince; for example, the Madras civil service, theBombay police service, and so on. If they are underthe Government of India the terms class I and c!aSSI1 should be used for the two services. These termsshould also be uscd in the education department(paragraph301.The services for which recruitment is now madenormally in India should continue to be recruited forin that country. The Indian finance department should

(iv)

(v)

(vi)


4/42

257be added to this category. The military financedepartment should be similarly treated, if there areno military considerationsto the contrary. Eventually,similar action should be taken with the customsdepartment, but for the present some recruitment inEurope forthisdepartment should be permitted. Theremaining services for which recruitment is nowmade wholly in Europe, or partly in Europe andpartly in India, should be divided into three maingroups. In the first should be placed the Indian CivilService and the police department, in which it shouldbe recognised that-a preponderating proportion ofthe officers should be recruited in Europe. In thesecond should come services like the education,medical, public works and so on, in which there aregrounds of policy for continuing to have, in thepersonnel, an admixture ofboth western and easternelements. For these services arrangements shouldbe made for recruitment in both countries. In thethird should be placed certain scientificand technicalservices, such ak the agricultural and civil veterinarydepartments, &c., for the normal requirements ofwhich it should be the aim to recruit eventually inIndia.To this end educational institutions should bedeveloped in India on a level with those now existingin Europe so as to produce the necessary supply ofcandidates (paragraphs31 and 32).No system of state scholarships will providea suitablemethod for increasing the number of non-Europeasin the public services (parsgraph 35).In certain services arrangements should be made forthe appointment of a minimum number of Indians,but this should not be made a general practice forfear that the minimum may come to be regarded asa maximum (paragraph 35).To securean increase in the number of non-Europeansemployed,so far as this is not obtained automaticallyby the proposals made with regard to organisationand the place of appointment, different methodsshould be followed in different services,as detailed in


5/42

inPmlndependsna,M.cwnniw&- *the annexures. Speaking generally, techai*'institutions in India should be created or expae~bdprovision should be made for advertising v a aIndian members should be appointed tocommittees which will advise on the s e l w o n . irecruits; and, finally, the statistics relatingemploymentof members of the various commuaihshould be published every ten years (paragraph 3s).The question of the extent to which the m*should be manned by the direct recruitment o f m wofficers and by the promotion of experienced officenfrom an inferior service should be settled separablyfor each service, as explained in the variowannexures. But in every case opportunities shouldbecreated for young men, and direct recruitment s h o abe encouraged wherever possible (paragraph 37).In the present conditions of India no general systemof competitive examinations as a means of entry tothe public services is suitable, but where such amethod exists it should ordinarily be maintained(paragraph42).When nominating direct recruits for admission tothe services the authorities in-India should actwiththe advice of committees, which should not be purelydepartmental in chnracter, but should containpersonsin touch with educational institutions, and shouldalso have a non-official and an Indian element.Publicity should be given t o all vacancies, andapplicants should be forbidden to bring outsidepressure to bear on individual members of thecommittees. A similar procedure should be followedin England. Candidates fo r services recruited in Indiashould ordinarily possess a minimum educationalqualification. This need not be identical for allcandidates, but the standard for all shouid be thesame t paragraph 44).In recruiting specialists care should be taken to drawupon the widest possible field (paragraph 46).Arrangements can best be made for communalrepresentation in India by the exercise of the powem

on*


6/42

259of Government under the system of nominationproposed. No hard and fas t rule of proportions issui table (paragrap h46).Except where otherwise provided, direct recruitsshou ld be on probation for tw o years. A probationarycourse in En gland should be given only to recru itsfor th e Ind ian Civil and Forest Services, and i n th elatter only for so long as recrui ts are taken fromEurope. As the schools of forestry in the UnitedKingdom ar e developed, recruits from Europe shouldbe taken from them (p ara gra ph 47).The question of training requires to be consideredfor each service separately, as explained in the variousmnexures. Inter-provincial conferences of officersresponsible for the training of recruits should beencouraged (pa rag rap h 481.In fLving th e sa larie s of th ei r employes, Governm entshould pay so much an d s o only a s is necessary toobtain recruits of th e right stamp. m d to maintainthem in such a degree of comfort and dignity a s willshield them from tem ptation and keep them efficientfor th e term of the ir service (para gra ph 49).Except where o therw ise expressly provided. officersshould .be remun erated by a n incremental scale ofsnlnries on the com pilrtment system. Where this isdone the rules with regard to acting allowancesshould be revised (paragpap h 50 and 51).Exchange com pensation allowance should no longerbe paid. but generally speaking the amounts nowdraw n on this account should be added to the salarie sofofiiccrs iparagraph 52).The snlnrics to be p i i d to Europeans and s tatutorynatives of India respectively should be settled foreach service sep arat ely t he ordinarily in accordancewith the principle se t out in item (x vii) above. an dnot on any general consideration of race or place ofrecruitm ent. In services in which different rates a refound to be suitable they should be fixed on thenxrits of each case, and no proportions should belaid down generally a s between the am ounts payable


7/42

260 Chnniit?es&GmnnisskmsinPmlndependence India:1mlSltto the two classes of officers. In services the n o wrequirements of which will eventually be met hIndia, the standard scale of salaries should be thatconsidered suitable for statutory natives of India,and specialrates shouldbe fixed for Europeans forsolong as they are recruited. in certain services h.which equality of pay has long been an establishedpractice this should be maintained. In other servicesofficers should be brought to an equality in theadministrative ranks, and earlier in the educationdepartment. As 8 special case statutory natives ofIndiarecruitedin Europe should be paid Europe-(paragraphs53 to 57).The salaries to be paid to officers should be as statedin the various annexures. For recruits in India fromthe ordinary graduate class, or their equivalentamongst members of the domiciled community, ageneral scale rising fromRs.250 to Rs. 500 a monthshould be introduced. Beyond this there should beselection scales or posts suitable to the circumstanceof each service. For services requiring higher initialqualifications higher rates should be adoptedipa-ph 58) .The necessary steps should be taken to keep thecadres of the services up to a strength sufficient tocope with the work to be done (paragraph 61).The calculationsin accordance with which recruitmentis made should be worked out with greater precision,and should be revised periodically with due regard tothe requirements ofleave and training. More precisionis needed in fuing the annual rate of recruitment,and service tables should be prepared and kept up todate for each service or group of services. Distributionlists should be maintained for all services, which arerecruited on a system, to show by groups ofyears thetheoretical and actual number of officers present.Excesses or defects should be dealt with at the pohtwhere they occur. If in spite of these measuresblocks in promotion a r e experienced, specialallcwances should be given on the merits of each

(xxi)

\.x.xii)

(xciii)


8/42

)blune4, 1N3-1912 261case (paragrap hs 61 to 65).An expert com mittee should be appointed to simplifythe present travelling allowance rules, to considerth ei r sufficiency for everyday purposes, a nd to revisethe classification of officers. Immediate measuresshould be taken to reimburse officersfor all reasonablecharges incurred by th em on transfe r from one stationto another, whether personal to themselves or onbehalf of th ei r families and household establishments(paragraphs 66 to 68) .The rules as to house allowances should be revisedon the l ines indicated (p arag raph 69).A Burma allowance should be given on th e termss ta ted (paragrap h 70) .Free passages should be given to officers of theservices specified (p a ra g ra ph 71).Inefficient officers should be compulsorily retired(paragraph $2).Officers who are subject to the operation of article459 of the civil service r e p la ti u n s should be retireda t t he age of 55 , unless Government. in their solediscretion. dccide to p a n t rm extension of serviceThereshould besepa rate E ump can service and Indianservice Ic~iivc!rules to regulate the taking of longlcavc?. S p w k in g generally, ofic er s recruited und erEuropean conditions of salary should be subject toth e Europtm i, an d oth ers to th e Indian service leaverules I pnragrmphs 77 an d 78).The Europenn service leave ru les sliould be simplified.an d g rea ter facilities for leave on higher pay shouldbe given by allowing privilege leave to be accumulatedup to four months and furlough to be commutedsubject to the restrictions s tated (para grap hs i 9 and801.The sterlin g ?mo unts of the allowances payable underth e European service leave rules should stand to th erupee amo unts in the population of 18to 16(paragraphSl).Th e Ind ian service leave r ule s should be simpiified;

(pi1rakT:1Ih 7 3 ) .


9/42

CununiUees&ComrnisskmsinPre-l~lndki:i&rwoff icers subject to them should be al lowed toaccum ulate privilege leave u p to four months,the allowances permissible should be increased tothe ex ten t s ta ted (paragraphs 82 and 83).The rules relating to st udy leav e should be revised;the' arrangements for deputing officers to studpparticular problems should be made more elastic,an d facilities shou ld be given to officers on leave tostudy voluntarily such problems as interest them(paragraphs 84 to 86).With the excep tions specified all officers should beunder the same pension rules; all should servenormally for thir ty years, b ut those recruited &rthe age of twenty-five in the services noted should begra nte d t he concessions indicated. a n d all should beable to retire optionally on a reduced pension aftertwenty-five years' service. Government should beable to retire m y officer after this period (paragraph s87 to 91).T h e maximum limits of pension should be increasedon the conditions stated. and special additionalpensions of the am ou nt stated should be draw n bythe officers noted (p a ra g p p h s 98 ;inti 93).A scheme for a general family pension fund. or forseparatefund s for difTerent clossc!sof oilicctrs, shouldbe worked ou t on a self-supporting basis ( par;igraph96).

Factory and Boiler Inspection DepartmentsThe changes which we have recommended in the factory

inspection departments are as follows :(i) Officers should ol'dinarily be sctlected in In dia afier theissue of advertisem ents upon a report from th e headof the d epa rtm en t on th e applications submitted. Onlyif no qualified c and ida te is procurable in India shouldan officer be brought from the United Kingdom.Selection in In dia sho uld no t necessarily be confinedto statutory natives of India (par ag rap hs 1 and 3.


10/42

~ 4 , 1 9 0 3 - 1 9 1 2 263In the case of recruitment in the United Kingdomofficers should be selected after the issue ofadvertisements with the advice of the Home Office(paragraph7).An addition ofone appointment should be made to theBombay cadre of inspectors, and this should be filledby an officer of unmixed Asiatic descent who possessesthe necessary qualifications (paragraph 5 ) .The maximum limit of age for recruits should be fLxedat 30 years (paragraph6).All newly appointed oficers should be on probation fortw o years. Otticers should be required to pass a colloquialtest in the vernacular of a higher charccter than isordinarily enforced a t present f paragraph 8) .All officers should draw the samepay 3schief inspectors.Below that rank the standard scale of pay should befixed so as to secure statutory natives of India in Indin.Higher ra tes should be offered to officers appointed inEurope or to persons who are not stntutory n;itivc?sofIndia who are appointed in Int1i;i I p;ir:igraph 9 1.Thc s;ilarics of certain officers shoulti be r a i w i to t h vextent stated (paragraph9) .Factory inspectors in the Bombay prcsiticmcy sliould.i f possible. be relieved of work in conncwtion \vit ti thatcotton excise duties (paragraph 12).In future i d 1 the otficers who, when they (!Ili(r theservice. draw siilary at the higher of the two r:iteaspecified should come under the Europeiill ser.*iceIenvc! rules. Othctr ofEccrs shouid come undw theIndian service 1c:ive rules and continuv undcr thcmthroughout their careers (paragraph 131.Subject to the usual provisions, members ofthc fiictoryservices should be allowed to reckon as servicequnlifying for supermnuation pension the number ofcompleted years by which their ages at the time ofappointment exceeded 25 years (paragrnph 11 1.

The changes which we have recommended in the boilerinspection department are as follows :


11/42

Commiitee&&hinPmlndepsndena,ffi: lmlwThe local Governments should reorganise andup to date theirdepartments. They should settled e wwith the help of expert advice, but shouldgenerally for the officers to be government ser~aata;for expert supervision of the department; for theremoval of any share in the control of the departmentfrom the persons whose boilers have to be inspected;and finally, for a responsible head in all the majorprovinces (paragraph18).The maximum age limit for recruitment should be 30years (paragraph21).All vacancies should be advertised (paragraph21).Officers shouldbe on probation for two years (paragraph22).The changes stated should be made in the salary andprospects of the chief inspector, Bombay. A chiefinspector should be appointed for Eengal, Bihar andOrissa, and Assam jointly, and first inspectors forMadras and Burma on the salaries stated. Otherquestions of salary should be determined by the localCovcrnments when they reorganise their departments(paragraph 23).All future cntrants to the service should be under theIndian service leave rules (paragraph 26).Subject to the general provisos members of thedepartment should be allowed to reckon as servicequalifying for superannuation pension the number ofcompleted years by which their ages at the time ofappointment exceeded 25 (paragraph 27).

bring

Indian Finance DepartmentThe changes which we have proposed in the Indian finance

department are as follows:(i)(ii)

Thc department should in future be recruited forentirely in India (paragraph 3).Under the new system of recruitment the Indian civilservice element should be increased. So soon as vestedinterests are satisfied, five of the eleven posts of


12/42

accountant-general should be reserved for Indian civilservice officer:; (paragraph 3).Three-fifthsof thevacanciesin the superiorstaffshouldbe filled by means of competition among nominatedcandidates, and the remainder by nomination ofcandidates possessing an educational qualification atleast equivdent to the bachelor degree. Suchappointments should be made on the advice of aselection committee, with due regard to the claims ofdifferent provinces and communities (paragraph 4).One-sixth of the vacancies arising in the superiorcadre should be filled by promotion (paragraph 5).The number of training posts for Indian civil serviceofficers should remain as at present, but one or moreof the posts should be left unfilled if this is deemeddesirable (paragraph6).Indian Civil Service officers transferred t o thedepartment should ordinarily be of at least ten years'seniority and should, as a rule, remain in thedepartment for the rest of their service (paragraph 6).The salaries d the department should be reassessedon the basis of what is necessary to attract statutorynatives of India and Indian Civil Service officerspossessing the requisite qualifications (paragraph 8).An incremental scale should be established foriiccountants-~cneral(paragraph8).The number of'accountmts-general shouldbe increasedfrom nine to eleven. and the number of class I postsheld by departmental officers should be reduced fromnine to eight !pnragaph 9).The requirements for leave. training. and deputationshould be recalculated (paragraph 10).It should bc laid down that officers recruitedsubsequent t i the amalgomation of the public worksand civil accounts branches are junior for purposes ofpromotion to higher oflices in either branch to officersserving prior to the amalgamation (paragraph 11).A1 future entrants to the department should be subjectto Indian service leave rules (paragraph 13).


13/42

tro266MilitaFy Finance DepartmentG~mmiffees& CommissionsinPreldmm I- ..

Th e changes we have proposed are as follows :If there is no military objection, Indians should begiven opportunities for employment on the supefims taff (para grap h 4).Th e sa lar ies of civilian officers du ri ng th e probation-period should be improved (p ar ag ra ph 8).For new e n tr an ts there should be a n efficiency bar atRs.1,000a month (paragraph 8).Military accountants, second class. if appointed inIndia. should dra w th e sa m e scale of salary as class 11officers in the f inance dep artm ent ip a ra g a p h 9).The percentage al lowed for leave, training anddeputation should be recalculated an d kep t up to datec'paragraph 10).Officers who may be app ointed to the department inIndia should I)(? sul,jwt to Indian service leave rules(paragraph 11).All oificw s tiown to ;inti including military nccountants,f i r s t cluss. should bc 'c4igihlo fijr a spcciul additionalpension (pnragrn ph 13 1.

ForestDepartmentThe changes which wc! h a v e proposed in thc forestdepar tment are as follows :t i )

t i i )

(iiii(iv)

Provinci;il wrvi(:(xi d h r s holding iiwjor charges shouldbe includcd in th e imp erial ,seivicc*t paragraph 2).I n view of the esGiblishrncnt of direct recruitment in1ndi:i to the inipcri;il semicc. the number of msjorchnrges thrown qwn to members of the provincialscn-ice should he r d u c e d from forty-nine to twenty-four. This charge should apply to new entrants( paragraph 2 ).Direct recruitment should be made to the imperialbranch in India (pa rag rap h 4).With th is object a course of train ing u p to th e highest


14/42

267European standard should i n ins t i tu ted at Dehra Dun(paragraph 4).Can didates for this course should hold th e degree ofbachelor of sciencr? (p ar ag ra ph 4).An interm edia te examination should be held to testthe progress of the advanced course stu den ts (paragraph4).Students who satisfactorily complete the advancedcou rse should be eligible for direct appointment to thei m p e r i a l b r a n c h , a n d t h o s e of t h e m w h o areunsuccessful i n obtaining such appointm ents shouldbe eligible for admission on the provincial branch(paragraph 4).The Government of India should announce tha t notless th an half th e rec ruits required for th e imperialbran ch w ill be chosen from am ong statutory nativ es ofInd ia who ha ve been thorough th e advanced course,provided t h a t in th e opinion of :in expert committeeduly.qualified cand idates are ;iv:iilnblc fbr appointmcnt(paragraph 4).Otficers so recruited to th e imperial txin ch should beapp ointed subject to th e condition thilt it will be opcnto the G overnment of India to send them for ;L courseof practic;d training in European forests at illig tinicd u r in g t h e ir c a r eer ( p i r ag r ap h 4).Ea rly c!ffort sho uld be m ad e to discover an d rec ruitcompetent men in Indin where ver they may be found.an d th e whole of th e normal requireme nts of the at al rshould he m e t from India within a reasonable periodof t im e ( p a r ag r ap h 5 ) .Vacancies should be acivertised in the Indian press( p a r a k p p h 5 ) .In cases wh ere i t is necessary to resort to recruitmenti n E u r o p e . t h e p r e s e n t p r o c e d u re sh o u l d b emaintained. b u t th e selection committee should includea n officer of th e Ind ian forest service a nd a non-officialInd ian in touch w ith the Ind ian s tude nt community(paragraph 6).As the forest schools of Great Britain develope, thepractice shou ld be introduced of recruiting rea dy train ed


15/42

268 comrnitftes&cMInMm3inPr&lndependem;u, I& :iwrwforesters, who could be sent out to India with,,*undergoing a term of probationary training in GreatBritain; and, under present conditions, preferenceshould be given to candidates who have already hadsome training in forestry (paragraph6).Imperial service probationers should be allotted tothevarious provinces on a consideration of all thecircumstances, including their own wishes; but therequirements of the public service should rank beforeevery other consideration (paragraph 7).Candidates for the Dehra Dun provincialservice sourceshould be nominated by local Governments with theadvice of selection committees (paragraph 8 ) .Not more than 33 per cent of the vacancies in theprovincial services should be filled by promotion(paragraph 9).It shouldbea condition of recognition by the Secretaryof State that a forest school in Great Britain shouldprovide for adequate courses of instruction for imperialservice probationers (pilragaph 10).Imperial ofEcers on joining the service in India shouldbe trained in their own provinces (paragraph 11).Imperial officers should not normally be placed incharge of divisions until after four years service(paragraph12).In the provincial services the period of probation shouldbe fixed at two years (paragraph 13).The normal scale of salaries in the imperial branchshould be fixed on the basis of recruitment in India,and the rates of salary for oficers recruited in Indiaand in Europe respectively should be as stated(paragraph 14).The salaries fixed for provincial forest officers shouldbe modified to the extent stated (paragraph 15).Thecadre of the forest department should be increased(paragraph 16).The reserves for leave and training and the dmementalrate in the imperial and provincial services should berecalculated and kept up to date (paragraphs 17 and18).


16/42

rt~ume4,1=1912 269The Provincially recruited services should bedesignated the Madras, Bombay, etc. Forest Services(Paragraph 19).In future orly officers who, when they enter thedepartment, are paid at the higher rates fixed forofficers recruited in Europe, should be subject to theEuropean Service Rules. AU other officers in thedepartment should be subject to the Indian ServiceLeave Rules and department should be subject to theIndian Service Leave Rules and should continue underthem throughout their career (Paragraph 21).Such further facilities should be provided as may benecessary in order to enable forest officers to keepabrest of the latest developments of European practice(Paragraph 22).Future entrants to the Imperial branch should comeunder the revised general rules for pension and existingmembers of the Imperial branch should be given theoption of accepting these rules or of remaining underthe special rules now applicable (Paragraph 23).

GeologicaL Survey of India DepartmentSurvey of India department are as follows :-The changes which we have proposed in the Geological

In the event of the creation of ;I sepilrate service toperform the work of a less important character, thedepartment should be divided into Class I and Class I1(paragraph 2).Recruitment should be made in Europe only if theGovernment of India are satisfied. after advertisementand upon a report from the director on the applicationssubmitted, that no fit statutory native of India can befound in India (paragraphs 3 and 5 ) .A school of geology should be developed in India whichwill rank with similar institutions in Great Britain.This should be staffed from the department, and itsstudents should work in the field with the departmentalsurvey parties (paragraph 3).The inaximum age for appointment to the departmentshould be fixed at 30years (paragraph 5).


17/42

'-mCommittees& Commissions inPrelndependenae ..Oppo rtunities for promotion should be given toquwsub-assis tants (para grap h 5) .In the case of recruitment from England due notigshould be given an d the vacancies should be advertisedThe selection committee should also be enlarged toconsist of five persons, one of whom should aIndian (paragra ph 5) .Th ere should be different ra te s of pay for officerswhoare recruited in E urop e an d in In dia respectively, a dth e rates fLved for th e l at te r should be t re at ed ass tandard rates. T h e pay proposed for the directorshould be th e s am e for all officers alike (p ara gra ph 7).Salaries should be paid at the rates stated (paragraph 7).The cadre should be strengthened to allow for secondingofficers for instructional work (p ar ag ra ph 8 ).The reserve of officers should be re-calculated everyf i v e y e a r s i n t h e l i g h t o f a c t u a l r e q u i r e m e n t s(paragraph 9).In th e case of fut ure e nt ra nt s. officers who wh en theyjoin th e departnic?ntdraw salar ies a t the h igher of thetwo ratc s spccificd should be un de r Europ ean serviceloiive rules; th e othe rs should be und er Ind ian servicel c a v e r u l c s a n d s h o u l d c o n t i n u e u n d e r t h e mthroughout thei r careers (p arag raph 10).The ru les for the grant of study leave should berevised and fur the r facilities offered (pa rag rap h 11).Future e nt ra nt s should come un de r the revised generalrules for pension (p ara gra ph 12).The director's post should carry a special additionalpension (paragraph 12).Members of the depar tment , subject to the usualprovision. should be permitted to reckon as servicequalifying for supe rnn ua tio n pension t h e nu m be r ofcompleted yea rs by which the ir ages a t th e t ime ofapp ointm ent exceeded 25 ( p a r ag r ap h 12).

Indian and Provincial Civil ServicesIndiun Cicil Services- Thechanges which we have proposedin the Indian Civil Service are as follow :


18/42

T he system of recruiting m ilitary officers to till civilservice posts in Bu rma should gradually be abolished(paragraph3).Legislation sh ou ld be un de rta ke n with th e object ofm aking th e I nd ian Civil Service Act of 1861 apply,w ith suitable reservations, to the whole of India. Theappointments scheduled in th is act should be madeto correspond with the exis ting Indian Civil Serviceposts. Provision should also be made to allow ofnatives of India being admitted to the examination inLondon. Pending suc h legislation a mixed commissionshould be established in each province, and s ta tu torynatives of India, who will ultimately become membersof th e Indian civil service. should be ap pc ht ed theretoas a temporary arran gem ent. O ther officers appointedto fill civil service a nd bc eligible for a11appointmentsin t he civil service cadre on the ir me rits (para gra ph 3).T h e m e d i c a l e x a m i n a t i o n of c a n d i d a t e s f o rappointment in Englnnd should be made morestr ingen t; there should be two cxnminations, one a tth e coiiimcnccment of tlic period of' probation andone a f t e r its con,plotion: and touch should becstnblishcd bctwwn the nicdical board of the IndiaOtficc rind the pr:ictitioncm employed by the civilscm ice comm issioners. A rcjcctcd candidate shouldhnvc the right ot' ;ippcal 1 pilr;lkpraph 6 ) .Crm lidates should be scrlcctcd in London a t an agewliicli will ad m it of th ei r arriv ing in 1ndi:i when th ey;ire ilbout 22 to 23 parngrnph 7 .Direct recruits to the Indi;ui Civil Si~rviccshould bego through il throe yc;w's probatioiury course inEng1:ind.The age limits fijr the open cooipc!titive examina tionin Lontion shoaiti be 17-19 on the 1s t Januaryp r e y d i n g t h e cs;unination I par3graph 9).The p:ipcrs set :it the open competitive examinationin Loncion should provide for groups of options. andbe bnsed on thc model of those in force for thevarious scholarship and b ursary exam inations in theuniversities (paragraph 10I .


19/42

272(viii)

(XI(xi)

(xiii)

C o r n m i n e e s J C i n P r e - l ~ e n c e l ~ :l a r wEach candidate should be required to furnishcertificate that he has attended the course ofrecognised secondary school for a period of threeyears up to a time within six months of theexamination, or, if he has leR school prior to this a dgone to a university, that he has had the regularschool course followed by a course at a universitpextending over an academic year. The civil servicecommissioners should have a discretionary powertodispense with this condition (paragraph 11).Forty posts of district (divisional) and sessions judgeshould be reserved for recruitment from the bar(paragraph14).Forty-one superior posts should be reserved forofficersof the provincial civil services (paragraph 15).Nine direct appointmefits to the Indian Civil Serviceshould be made annually in India from amongststatutory natives of India, and this figure should besubject to revision every five years (paragraphs 17and 18).Such candidates should be sent to England to gothrough the three years' probationary course withthe candidates selected at the examination in Londor(paragraph 17).The seniority of officers directly recruited to thtservice, whether in England or in India. should btdecided by the marks obtained in the 'intermediattand final examinations of the probationary courst(paragraph 17).Of the officers directly recruited each year in India.two should be nominated by the Secretary of Stat#with the advice of the Government of India fronamongst graduates of the various universities, antthe remainder should be selected on the results ofcompetitive examination conducted by the civilservicecommissioners and open to candidates nominatecwith the advice of a comm'ittee in touch wit1educational interests in each province.To begin witkup to twenty candidates should be nominated froneach university area. The examination should h


20/42

273-4. 7903-1912based on the Indian educational curriculumiparagraphs 19and 20).Candidates for examination in India should berequired to possess the B.A. degree or its equivalentand to be over 20 and under 22 years of age a t thedate of the examination (paragraph 21).Of the 41 Indian civil service posts to be filled bymembers ofthe provincial civil services 15 should bein the executive and 26 in the judicial b rdch. Withinthese limits a free course should be given forpromotion and officers should not be tied down tospecific posts (paragraphs22 and 23).Only cight inferior posts need be notified under thestatute of 1570. and that only for so long as actswhich makc this process necessary are not amendedIparagraph 23).Direct recruits should be at liberty to go throughtlicir probationary course at any university whichsatisfies the civil service commissioners th:it it c:ingive the instruction required and c:in provide bynicms ol'collagesor hostels for adcquntcsupe~ision:;inti they should be granted an allowance of 1301. ;ip i r fbr this purpose; subject to their being diligcwt;in11of good hchnviour. Probationers from In11 in shouldriwivc! frct!I)>issiigcsto and from Eng1;uid Ip;ir:igr:ipli25 i .For t!ic prcwnt. monetary gr:ints in aid should be.givon only to the universities of Oxfcrd. C:imbriil:,.v.;inti London. ;mi for so long ;is they ;ire prcparctl toco-op!r:ite i n dctding with the prolxitionws on thclines desired ( paragraph 2.5j.I t should be ;I condition of rccognition or' ;in?irnivcrsity tha t it should institute tin honours COCITS : ~tiir probutioncw led irig up to a d e p x in certainprescrib c d sut.j(!cts:in particular in law. Indian 11isti)ryintc.rprc;terI i n its widest sense, and in oric3ntal1;mgu;iges. X sc:hl!rncshould be drawn up by t h civilscrvicc commissioners in consultztion 1.viiii the;~ccrtxlitctlrcprc!sentutives of Osford. Camb r i~ i s l . ;niidI.,onclt)nL:nivt>rFitics!parsgr:qdi 26 to 291 .


21/42

274(,mil

issiii t

{ SW

Commit!ees d Commissionsin Pre-lndepen&nce India:I&,%,Probationers should be required to attend the lawcourts and to report cases, to obtain a practiaworking knowledge of the vernacular of theirprovince, and to pass in riding. They should also beencouraged to get themselves called to the bar. Indiacandidates, whoare posted to a province, the languageof which is their mother tongue. or is derived fromthe same stock as their mother tongue, should offera modern European language in place of an Indi avernacular paragraph 30).The intermediate and final examinations in theprobationary course should be conducted by the civj!service commissioners. The universities shoultconduct their own examinations for their own degreesAs the arrangements mature it mi1v be possible tcavoid two scpuratc examinations. This idea shoul.be developed cis occasion offers ip aragaph 31).Otficers on arrival in India should ht: trained undethe supervision of ;i suitable collector. Too muc!court work should not bct given during the tirst ye%the dcpartmcnt;il exiuniniitions should bc! m;itiemorpr:ictic;il. arid ;i higher colloquiiil test should t(wtimxti t p;irngr:iph 32).liiv ilccisioii :ISto wlicther ;in ofliccr is to be employon th c ( ! s ~ c i i t i v ~or the jutiiciill side shoulti bt. arrive;it ;is soon ;is possible after thc completion of tltinirth nnd not 1atc:r than the end of the sixth yearsenice 1ptriigraph 32 ).Officers 011 the judicial side shouid be encouragedget themselves called to thc bar. Those on tlexecutive side should be encouraged to study speci:problems of administration during their lea(paragraph33).Incremeiical scales of snliiry should be institutedplace of the present graded system and the sd ar.of officers should be fixed at the rates stat(parakp-aphs34 to 37 ) .Statutory natives of India promoted from t.provincial civil services, for so long as they 2employed either as collectorsor as district and sessb


22/42

~ 4 , 1 9 0 3 - 1 9 1 2 275judges second grade or in other Indian civil serviceposts of a similar or inferior standing, should be paidat lower rates than other officers of the same rank.In all other cases officers should be paid at equalrates, wherever recruited and whether statutorynatives of India or not (paragraph 38).The cadre of the service should be increased(paragraph 39).The figures on which the strength of the cadre isbased should be recalculated and brought up to dateevery ten years. The calculations as to temporaryposts and deputations, leave. and the iike should berevised every five years. The term inferior postsshould be removed from the recruitment formula. Adeficiency o r surplus of ofEcers should be correctedat the point where the shortage or excess is found toexist. With this object in view the cadres in thevarious provinces should be examined, anddistribution lists should be prep;ired from year toyc;ir. If it is found to be impossible to get rid of anc!icess of officers of the tlosircxi st;intiing, mil a blockin promotion occurs, temporwy ;dlownrps shouldbc?given to the indivitfuuls :ifTcctcd (parapaph 41).Special leave rules should be fr;imcd for officers;ippointecf to judgeships from the bar rp;~r;ipaph$2).X schcmc of superannuation pcmsion on the linesindicated should be worked out in detail andconsidored by the Govcrnment nftcr taking the viewsof nwmbers of the service (p;~r;igr:iph44.).Without waiting for the rcwi l t s of any alterncltivescheme of supcrnnu;ition pensions the whole chargefor the pnymctnt of the 1.000 1. annuity should bcborne by the state (paragraph451.Tile four per cent contribution to his ,ii:nuity nowmade by each individual officer should be funded. ,andthe ;mount lying to his credit should be ptiyable tohim on his retiremcnt,or to his legal representativein the event of his decease, together with interest atfour per cent (paragraph 461.An additional pension of2001. n p : i r should be g rm t i d


23/42


24/42

-4.1903-1912 277

(v i

lvi)

!vii

(viiii

be made w ith the advice of a com mittee of five persons.In selecting recruits the comm ittee should have regardchiefly to intellectual fitness as proved by the resultsof th e university examinations, b ut should also submitthe na m es of othe r candidates who ap pe ar fitted forthe public service. Outside Burma all candidates.r ecommended shou ld posses s the degree o f anu n iv e r s i t y o f h av e p as s ed an ex am in a t io n o f acorresponding stan da rd prescribed by Gov ernmen t forthe European schools . In Burma a lower standardshould be permissible for th e present. Th e age limitsfor can didate s should be 21-25 (paragraph 58).Direct appointme nts to th e judiciai branches should bema de by th e local Gov ernmen ts with th e advice of th ehigh or chief cou rts or oth er p rincipal judicial authority.Promo tion into selection posts or into a differen t classshould similarly be given. Outside Burm a allcandidatesfor direct appointm ent to th e judicial branches shouldpossess the LL.B. degree of an university and nocan dida te should be appointed in these branches whois over 30 years of age. Bar experience need not beregarded as obligatory so soon a s a probationary courseh;is boen provided. In selecting recruits t h e high andchief cou rts should h ave regard chiefly to intellectualf i tnes s . as proved by the resul ts of the LL.B.examinations. but should also submit the names ofoth er suita ble candidates in th e m anner proposed forthe executive branches (pa ragra ph 59) .A grade of probationers should be provided in both th eexecutive an d th e judicial branches. D irect recruitsshould be on probation for two yea rs (p ar ag ra ph 61!.Direct recru its on th e judicial side should be trainedun de r th e orde rs of the highest judicial authorities.On th e executive side they should go throu gh a courseof tra in in g sim ilar to t h a t of a n assistant' collector ofth e Indian civil service (pa rag rap h 62).Officers should be paid salaries on the incrementalsystem an d at the rates s ta ted. Steps should be takento reclassify judicia l officers for purpo ses of sa lary inaccordance with t he im portance of the work done by


25/42

Commtfeesd CommissionsinPrelndqpendenoeIndia:r&lmeach class of them (para grap hs 63 to 65).Steps should be taken to review al l temporarpappointm ents every five ye ars so as to b ring on to thecadres allpostswhich have come to be of a permanentcharacter.Thejudicial branches shou ld be Strengthenedif it is no t found possible by changes of procedure toreduce the volume of their work (para grap h 66).Leave an d deputation reserVes shou ld everyw here bemaintained and their adequacy should be reviewedevery five ye ars (pa rag rap h 67).The number of vacancies to be filled an nu ally shouldbe determined an d formulae established an d kept upto date for this purpose (para grap h 68).Members of the provincially recruited civil servicesshould be under the Indian service leave rules andshould continue u nd er them when promoted to holdIndian civil service posts (p ar ag ra ph 69).Members of the provincial civil services should beunder the ordinary pension rules. Officers promotedto hold In dia n civil seryicc posts should be eligible forspecial adciition;il pensions. blembcrs of thc: judicialbriinches should bc allowed to reckon as servicequalifying Sor supermnuc ition pension th e number ofcompleted ye:irs by which their age i l t the time ofappointment c!xccetied 85 ycxirs I p:iragraph 70).

Land Records (Burma) DepartmentThe chnngcs wc h a w recommcndcd in th e land records( i i So far as practicnblc. a Bu rma o r Indian domiciled inBurm a should be appointed to at least every secondvacancy in t he de pa rtm en t (piir;lgraph 4).A committee of five persons should be constituted toadvise on the selection oSdirect recruits ( pa ra gr ap h3.The educationnl s tan da rd for recruits should be raisedgradua!ly as opportunity ofl'ers (paragraph 5 ) .Th e possibility of promotion from th e subord inate staffinto the department should be recognised (paragraph 6).

An incremental system of salariesshould be introduced

Burm a) depnr tment are ;is follows :

( i i )1 iii)(ivl(v )


26/42

wm4 . 1%3-1912 279an dx he ra tes equalised with these proposed for others imi lar depar tme nts in the m anner and to the ex ten ts ta ted (paragraph5).The figure for the leave a nd deputation reserw shouldbe revised every five years in the light of actualrequirements. An ann ual recruitment ra te should alsobe calculated 1 paragraph 9,.Opcv-iings should be cre ate d into th e sett lem en ttlcpartnient if th is can be arranged without prejudicec o the rights of memb ers of th e provincial civil serviceIparagraph 101.

(mil

Indian Mines DepartmentThe changes which we have recommended in thct Int i innmines depiirtmc?iii arc as f idlo~s:


27/42

280 Committees&Conmissionsin Pre-IndependenceIndia:I&.I@,service leave rules and should continue under themthroughout their careers (paragra ph 11).The chief inspectors post should carry a specialadditional pension (p ara gr ap h 12).Members of the department. subject to the generalprovisos. should be permitted to reckon as servicequalifying for su pe ran nua tion pension th e number ofcompleted years by which their age at the time ofappointment exceeded 25 (pa rag raph 12).

(viii)(ix)

Bengal Pilot ServiceThe Changes which we have recommended in the Ben@ pilotService are as follows :

Application should be made for the appointment ofofficers in E ngland only af ter th e Bengal Governmenthas satisfied itself that no suitable candidates areavailable locally. an d all statu tory nativ es of India whopossess the requisite qualifications should be eligiblefor appointment (Pa rag rap h 31.Expc?ricnce in :I sailing vessc?lshould not be regardedas :in csscntial qunlification foradmission to th e service(Paragraph4).A reviseti normal scale of earning s should be framed,and the sc;ile should be re:isscsscti a t rogu1:ir intervals(Pnrngraph 6 ) .The sdary attached to the c o r n m i d oft h ~two pilot.vessels should be incrciiscd. ;ind tile command ofthese vesscls should be held by bran ch pilots for shortpvriocts in regular rotation I Pnrag:mpli 7).The working of the rule which relieves shipowners ofall liability for car ry in g pilots o ut to sea should beinvestigated. and thc rule should. i f* neccsaary, bemodified (P ar ag ra ph 91.The systcni of pun ishm ent by f i resshould be abolished(Paragraph 10,.Pilots should be at liberty to retire on pension whenthey reach the age of 53 c Paragraph 111.Pmsion should be brought up to the s c d e in force inother Government departments. but the increased


28/42

VGdJIlM4. 1903-1912 281cost should be met by contributions from earnings(Pa ragraph 12).

Police Depai.txuentThe changes which we have recomm ended in the India n policeservice are as follows:-

Once an oficer of a provincial police service ha s beenpromoted perm anent ly to the Indian Police Service,he should become a full member of that service andshould be able to r ise thro ug h a ll i t s grad es (par agra ph3).Eu rop eans of mixed descent an d In dian s of unmisedAsiatic desce nt. who have been educated in th e UnitedKingdom for a period of five years. should be allouedto appear for the open competit ive examination inLondon paragraph 51.The power at present possessed by the Govcrnor-G enera l in Council to ma ke appo intm ents in Indin inexceptional cases s.hould be dewloped to c ow r t h ec:iscs of ;dl sta tutory nat ives of India. and should beiiiorc! freely csctrciscd th an hi is hi therto bcc?nthe c;~sc(p i r a g m p h 6 ) .Xot less t han t en per w n t of t!w sul)crintc!ndcntshipsshoulil bc filled by promotion from the provinciulsc.rvico.an d i?ffortsshould bc m ade ~ ~ : i d u n l l yto cstcn dthis ;unount to twenty per ccnt. Recruitmen t in Englandfix311 the i ippointIl lcnts thus ;dlocated ~ h o d dbt?stopped i>t supc.rintc!ndcntsllii~s to mcml)ers of th eprovinci:il scrviccs. ;uid th e rem:iintler wh(m provisionhas b w n made for ;i l l assist,mt supcrintcndcnts alrctndyrecruited :igainst them. Promotions in i.xcess of fiveper cent should be given only to directl? recruiteddeputy su perintendents. Opportunit ies should be madefor the best of the younger officers to en te r th e higherrnnks at approximately the same age as the ass i s tan tkaperintundents I pa ragraph 7.Opportunities should be given to the heads of thevario us police schools an d to inspectors-general to seefor themselves 'w ha t is going on in provinces other


29/42

232 Cummnees&Commissions in Pre-Independence India:1836-than their own. Provision should be m ad e f o r p e n d i c aconferences of police officers (paragraph 8).The pay of depu ty inspectors-general should be fixedat Rs. 1,500-100-2,000 a m o n t h . For t h esuperin tenden ts th er e shouid be one selection gradeon Rs. 1.200a month as a t present. The others shouldbe given a n increm ental sa lary of Rs. 700-60/2-1,000a month. Th e eficiency bar at Rs.900 a mo nth shouldbe removed. A ssis tant S upe rinten den ts should be paida t the ra te o f Fts. 300-.50-.100-50~2-600a month.Statutory natives of India, w he the r directly recruitedor promoted from the provincial services, should bepaid t he above ra tes of sala ry in full (parag rap h 9).In certain large distr icts, where there is more workthan can be performed by a single superintendent,additional superin tend ents should be appointed to workun der the s upe rinte nde nt of the district unless anduntil it is found possiblr to divide th e district (parag raph101.The f o r m u h for fixing th e strenL eh of th e police cadreshould bc rcvisctd and based on up-to-date policecspcricncc. Deduction should he nxidc on account ofposts to he fi1lc.d by promotion f h m thc provinciallyrrcruitcd semiccs. Th e formula should be kcapt up to(kite I)y ;I quinquennial chc.ck. Thc ;innu;d rate ofrecruitment should be revised along w ith the formula(paragraph11i .To relieve blocks of promotion transfers should bem;idc of off iccm from provinces where there is ; ~ 1cscess to neighbc>uring provinces wlicre there is adcficitlncy r,f st;ifT. with ;I view to drawing off theovertlow of congested ems. Failing this remedy officersshould be encouraged to retire. and as n last resort.personal allowances should be given to mitigatelinrdsliips. Sim ilar step s should be tak en where thereis a deficiency of staff. ,Additions and subtractionsshould only bc made at the foot of the cadre if i t isfound impossible to apply th e remed y required a t theproper points (parag rap h 12).Recruitment against the appointments of inspcctor-

1 t - h

:UJ

I * . i i i 1

I Lx

m)


30/42

~um4 .1903.1912 283general, whether in the Indian Civil Service or policccadre, should be stopped. Local Governments shouldfill the appointments from the best material availablewith due regard to the claims of senior police officersand to the advantages of local experience (paragraph13).Increased facilities should be provided by Governmentin the matter of chargers (paragraph 151.Officers appointed directly in India and officers promotedfrom the provincial services should be placed underthe Indian service leave rules as revised by us, andshould continue under them throughout. their careers(paragraph 16).The proposed general pension rulcs should apply to allotficcrs. The posts of inspector-general and deputyinspector-gcnernl should carry a specid additionpension under the general scheme I p:ir;igr;ipli 171.

Procincial and Special Police Swvicr?s

1 i )i i i )

Olficvrs slwiild no longer be ;ippointcd f i on i otlictrt1op;irtmwts I pnigr:iph 19t .I n ;dl provine(!s oxopt Burni:~at Icast half the v;wncic+should lie rcwnetl for direct rctcruits. I n Burma thtllocal Governmui t should set :isicle ;ic!cfinitc%s1i:iri: ofa l l future vxnncicts to IN.. filled bx cliroct recruits(p;ir;igr:iph 19).A committw to ;i(lvisco n the sclc*ctiono!dircct rcicraitssliould br li)rmcd in c;ich provincc p i r ; i ~ ~ q h19 1.\Vlicrc possible ;dl direct recruits should have t:ikcnrile dcgrcc of's univcrsity orhavep;iascd an ;.snminutionofa correspcnding s tandard prescribed by Covcnimen tti)r the Europenn Schools. Wlicrc this is not possiblcthe 1wxl Govertinicnts should tis a minimum nuniberwlio should possess this qualification (paragraph 191.The Burma Government should consider the questionof a larger employment of persons of unmiscd .Asi:itir

I iii)1 iv!

i v i


31/42

Com'ttees&CommkbnsinPrelrorependencp India. 1836.194,descent (paragraph 20).A grade of probationers should be created in Madras,Bombay, Benga!, the United Provinces, the Punjab,Bihar and Orissa, and the Central Provinces, largeenough to ensure that on an average two yearswill bepassed by each direct recruit before confirmation(paragraph21).There should be two selection grades on Rs.700 a dRs.600 a month for deputy superintendents. The restof these officers should be placed on an incrementalscale of Rs. 250-40/3450-50/3-500 (in BurmaRs.300-40/3-500-50/3-550) a month. Probationers should getRs.150 (in Burma Rs. 200) a month (paragraph 23).The services should be developed. and there shouldbeno hesitation in adding t o the cadre to meetadministrative requirements (paragraph 24).The services should be styled the Madras, Bombay,etc., police service (paragraph 26).The duties of deputy superintendents should be soarranged that they will get a fair share of executivework in the same manner as assistant Superintendents(paragraph27).The changes made in the Indian and provincial policeservices as the result of the foregoing recommendationsshould be carried out also in the special police servicesin so far as they are applicable to the conditions ofthose forces (paragraph30).

Post Omce of India and Telegraph DepartmentThe changeswhich we have recommended in the post office andt h e teleqaph department are as follows :

The officersof the past office. who are not membersofthe Indian civil service, should be guaranteed fourpermanent and one officiating post-master-generalships, subject to fit men being available; andfive permanent postmaster-~eneralshipsshould bereserved fo r members of the Indian civil service(paragraph2).The imperial and provincial branches of th e telegraph

l i t

Ciii


32/42

(engineering) department should be amalgamated intoone service (paragraph 4).The power now possessed by the director-general toappoint non-domiciled Europeans in the post office andin th e telegraph (t ra fi c) depar tment should becurtailed, and the sanction of the Government of Indiaobtained to every such appointment. All officersappointed in this way should come in 3s probationersat the foot of the cadre (paragraph 5 ) .The authorities should have due regard to the claimsof Indians of unmixed Asiatic descent to appointmentsin the telegraph department (paragraph8).One vacancy in every four amongst gazettedpostmasters should be filled by a direct recruit. Oneappointment of probationer should be added to thecadre on this account (paragraph 9).XY soon as the esisting officers of the old telegraphdepartment have been provided for. it should bc.nb1ig:itory on the director-gencrol to fill one-fourth of'tlic vucnncics in thc telcgr:iph (trnflic)branch by directrccruits (pnragr:iph 10).\Vlien a vacancy for a direct recruit occufs in tht! postoffice or tclcgrnph (traffic) dcp;irtnicnt, the tiircctor-gcnc!rnl should tli*cide tiom wliicli province? it slioultlh: fillod.and thereupon ;isclcction comniittcc of' fiveincnibcrs fioni that province should bc c:onvcnctf tox l v i s c on how to secure the best cmdidstcs and tori*port on thc.ir merits. X more rigorous educ:itionalqu:ilific:ition should also be :ipplicd I p;irngrnph 13).\.\hen dirwt rivmiits for the tclc.pr:t~)h cngiticeringIclt!p:irtnic!nt coinc to be tnkcn. thc procedure laid downi n th c cilstb of the public works dcpartnicnt anticngiiwering brnnch of the rnilw:ly depurtmeqt shouldlw fi)IIo\v.c!das fhr :IS pwsiblc Ipnragrqih 141.The authoritivs should, witch the rate at whichprobationers arc confirmed. and ahould appoint onlyso many of' thcm as they find by esperiencc can be;ibsorbcd within two yc!:irs of their entertaiiinientfpar;igr:q)li1 5 ~ .Offjcttrsof tfiv Indian Civil Service slwuld reccivix :I t


33/42

286 Committees& CmmissionsinPre-IndependenceIndia:i&j.least six mo nths instruction before tak in g over chargeof an appointment in th e post office (paragra ph 15).T h e r e s h o u l d be o n e s e le c t io n g r a d e of twoappointments of postmaster-generd on Rs. 2,500 amonth. The other postmasters-general should drawRs. 1,750-50-2,250.a mo nth. For th e superin tenden tsof th e post office th er e should be a selection grade of15 per cent of the total stre ng th on Rs. 500-40-700 amonth. The rem ain ing officers should be on-incremental scale of Rs. 250-40/3450-50/3-500 amonth. Probationers should get Rs. 150 a month(paragraphs 16an d 17).A1 chief engineers (telegraph s) or directors (telegraphsengineering! should get the 5ame pay, whereverrecruited, and whether they are stat uto ry natives ofIndia or not (para grap h20).When the conditions in the telegraph (engineering)department have become norm,al, a leave reserveshould be added to t he cadre. The IC:IVC rese rve for thesuperintendents (po stoffice 1 should be recalculated inthe light of actual requirements pnmgraph 23).Thc appointment of director general should be opentoth e best officer available, to whateve r service he maybelong (p:iragraph 2 5 i .All officers of thc! post office, exclusive of members ofthe Indian civil service, should come unde r t h e Indianservice Ie;~vcrules as amended by 11:: and shouldcontinue *indcrthcm throughout thcir careers. Thisdec i s ion shou ld app ly to the t i~ lcgrqh(traffic)departnwnt. except in the case of officers importedfrom the B ritish post office, to whom the Governmentof Indin should lie able to concede European leaveco n d i t i o n s w h e r e n eces s a r y . I n t h e t e l eg r ap h1 engjneeringi brunch d l officers who, when they enterthe service, draw salary at the higher rates shouldcome under the European service leave rules as rebiisedby.us. Other officers should collie under the Indimsemice Icave rules and rema in und er them throughouttheir carcers 1 paragraph 2 6 ) .A11 officers. esccpt members of th e Ind ian civil service,

hi)

!?ni,

d i i j

xivi

xs-1

:c:


34/42

Vohme4 1903-1972 287should come under the ordinary pension rules asrevised by us. The officers who at present enjoy theprivilege of a special additional pension should continuet o do s o under the scheme which we haverecommended, and this privilege should also beconceded to the deputy director-general. traffic(paragraph2 i i

Public Works and Railway (Engineering) DepartmentsThe chi:ngcs which we have proposed in the public works andrai1w;iy engineering) departments are as follows:

The public works dcpartnicnt should confine itsclfstrictly to work which c:innot he dischnrgcd either byprivate ciitcrprisc o r through the agency of districtbo:irds nnd municipalities with the ncccssnry financialsupport from Government (paragraph4).Whcre it can bc foreseen that , on complction of 3 liirgcschcmc of nc?w construction, :ipcrniancnt addition totiic stafT'of the) dcportmcnt will Ix rcquircd filr p i t r pw sot' m;iintcnaocc!, thc iwcrwary rccruitmcmt shoul(1 ti!)made in p o d t imi? ( pnrngraph 4 I.:bsist;iiit. cngincws should lie nppointt~c!t o csccutivc!cli;.irg(*s; i l ' t c b r ciglit !curs' instc;ici of ::ftor t c k n ymrsscn.icv. ;inti t l i ~cadrvs should bcb rcduccd ;iccortfingl.v( p;ir:igr;iph 5 ).Thc tlc!crc:is:o in thc .numbc!r of ::ssistant ctigiiiccrsshould bv 1ili>tlcgood by the appointmrnt o f m incre;isdnuml)cr of11ppw subortlinatc*sto su1~divisic~n;ilcharges.To this ctnd thc stnntlarcl ofqua1itic;:tion in the uppc?rsubordinrite servicc should be raised. ;ind if necessary.thc scale of pay of t ha t service should be i m p r o ~ c d .Tlic question should also be considtired of transformingtho uppc.r subordinnte Ininch i n to ;iservice orgnnisedon the niodcl ofthc Provincial Civil Services (par:i,vrliph5 , .In fu tu re temporary cngincers 3hould h e appi)intedonly when it 'is nccessnry to engage addition;ilassis tance in order to c o p e w i t h t rmporaryemt!rgcwcics: an d their cmg:ipcmcnts should be for a


35/42

288 Committeesti CommissiominPre-lndependenceIndia:imfmed item of work or for a limited term in no caseexceeding five years (paragraph 6).The present imperial and provincial services shouldbeamalgamated into one service (paragraph 7).Statutorynativesof India should be eligiblefor selectionin England, but the arrangement by which ten percent of the vacancies filled in England are reserved forIndians should be abolished. Due notice of the changeshould be given (paragraph 9).So long as the cadre remains at i t s present strengththe number of vacancies allotted t o the Indian collegesshould be increased to thirteen annually, and t o sixteenannually when recruitment under the ten-per-centrule in England comes to an end; and the number ofvacancies in the superior cadre assigned to the uppersubordinate service should be increased to six andseven in alternate years (paragraph 10).As the cadre is reduced to the numbers necessary toprovide for promotion after eight years' service,recruitment in England and in India should be soadjusted as not to cause any decre;isc in the.proportionof v:icancies to be tilled in India (paragaph 10).The selection committee at the India office should beenlnrgcd (paragraph 12).Evidence of having passed the esnmination fo r thel\ssocintc-mcmbcrship of the institution of civilengineers should no1 bc accepted as a sufficientqualification for appointment (piir:lg~iph13).I t should be made a condition of' appointment inEngland that candidates should have had at leasttwelve months' practical cspriencc of engineeringwork. In the case ofcnndidatcs for ;ippointmcnt to ther;iiIway department. special weight should bc given topractical experience on a British railway ( pmigraph13i.The selection of students from Indian collcgc~.iforappointment to the superior engineering senicc?shouldin all c;ises be based partly on their record during thecollege course. partly on the final examination l ikt ;indpartly on the degree of their proficiency in prnctical

(viii)

tiuJ

( s i i i1


36/42

work. The m aximum limit of age for adm ission shouldbe fixed at twenty-seven (p ara gra ph 15).St ud en ts in India snould be allowed admission to theco l l ege hav ing the pa t ronage of t h e g u a r a n t e eappointments in the provinces to which they belong(paragraph 15).Royal engineer officers with more than five years'm ilitary service should not be eligible for appointment(paragraph 16)..All officers appointed to th e su perior c adre should beon probation for two pars (pa rag raph 17).Th e arr:ingement by which, in the case of Rurkistuden ts. two candid ates a re appointed on probation inone vacancy should bc discontinued (p ara gr ap h 17).For the first year of service officors stiould be undertraining iparagraph IS).I r icremcntal scales for chief and super intendingengineers, an d sepa rat e incrcment:il scales for assistantnnd exccu t ive eng inee r s shou ld be es tab l i shed(paragraph19).Ofliccrs recruited in Indiii should recciivc lower scnlcsof' s;iI;iry in the grades of ' exccutivc! ;inti assistantcnginct?rsth an those ;iuthoriscd for o f i c ( ~ r srecruitedin Europc; but in th c admin istrative gr;i(Ii:s the scabofs;il:iry should be thc?s:iJii(? fbr ;ill otficcrs 1 p;ir;i:Taph20) .'I'hc r(!serws for leave and thc! ;inniial rate ofrecruitment should be subjcctccl to pitriotlic;il checksRoyal engineer otficcrs should reckon scnioritg forpromotion to t he administrntive gr;itles from the dateof transfer to civil employ (pnr;ip:iph 25 I .I t should be left to tlie Government of India :ind thelocal Governments to deal c ) ~ ith i4r nicr i ts s i th m ytempor;iry engineers whose cases appea r to call forspecial trea tm en t (paragraph261.officers who. when they enter the department. arcpaid salaries a t th e rat es fixed for persons r e c r u i t d i! iEurope. should be subject to thc European sc-ricc-leave rules. 0tlic.r otiicers should bc subjwt t t j t i l l ,

(1litr;ignph '24).


37/42

Comminees&CmissionsinPre-independenceIndia:1-Indian service leave ru les a nd should continue underthem throughout their careers (paragrap h 27).Fu tu re entrants to the,public works and railway(engineering) departments should come under thegeneral rules as to pension. Existing officers of theimperial branches should be allowed to exerciseoption in the ma t te r (pa rag raph 28).N1officers holding the rank of sup erinte ndin g engineershould be eligible for a special additional perision(paragraph 28).

Railway Department (Revenue Establishmenf s )Th e change s which we have proposed in t h e railway department,(revenue establishments) are as follows :-The European element in the traffic department, tothe extent needed, should be provided by Roy d engineerofficers, and all other ot'ficers should be recruited inIndia. Officers should bc appo inted in England only ifno suitable can tlidab is forthcoming in India (pa ragraph

4).Selectcci subord inutes in t he locomotive an d carriag ea n d w a g o n d c p a r t m e n t s s h o u l d b e g i v e n a scoinprchensivc a training iis possible. with a view tothei r promotion to tho supcrior stall' (p ara gra ph 3).Statutory nat ives of Intiin should be admitted asapprentice pupils to the aliops and running sheds ofthe s ta te ra ilways (p nr ab ~u ph51.Officers should be appointed in England to thelocomotive and carriage iinci wagon dc!p;irtments onlyif no su i tab le cnndida tc is forthcoming in India( p n r a p a p h5).Ind ians should be :ippointed in at least ;iOper cent ofth e vacancies in t he s uperior rcvenuc establishmentsfor which recruitme nt is made in India (pa rag rap h 7).Appointments to tlir traffic de pa rtm en t in India shouldnormally be made by direct recruitnient froin amongcandidates with a prescribed educational qualification( paragraph S k.An officer of th e st at c railways should be appointed to


38/42

\ ,wm?4 193-1912 29 1serve on the India office selection committee for thetraffic department (paragraph 8 ) .In making appointments in England to the traficdepartment preference should be given to candidateswith experience of railway traffic work (paragraph8).In making appointments in England to the locomotiveand carriage and wagon departments preference shouldbe given to candidates who have passed theA.M. Inst.C.E. examination or an equivalent test. Appointmentsshould be made with the ?.dviceof a selection committeeiparagraph 9).X minimum educational qualification should beprescribed for admission to the stores department.preference being given to candidates with a knowledgeof mechnnics (paragraph 10).Appointments in India should be made with the adviceof a selection committee (paragraph 11 1.The pay of traffic superintendents should be increasedp:irapaph 13).Sew cntrnnts to the stores dcpartmcnt should not been titled to'qsc1i;ingccompensationa1low:uicc par;igr:iph13) .Olficcrs :ippointcd in India to the locomotive andc:wri;igc :inti w;igon dcpartmmts should cntcr i n t ilow(!r grnde than officers appoifitcd in EnglandI p:ir:ik!aph 13).Off i cws appointed in India should be subjwt to theIntiinn service Ic:ivc?rules (parngnph 15).'I'hc rate of interest payable on deposits a n t 1 lm- iuwsi n t h o r;iilw;iy provident fund should bc incrc;isi?ilto 11)t.r cent. anti thc Govcrnnwnt bonus should L>cb f iscd:i t 100 per cent on officers' contributions iparagraph161.

lt't b.cistrirtionDepartment.'I.! i.l;ing,rcs which i r e havc rccommendcd in the semicct of

The introduction of an incremental system of sillarks!pnracgraph5):and

i ; ; . ;I ..;c t registrars in llniiras arc:-- 1 1


39/42

292 Commrnees&CommissionsinPre-lndependence lndk :f@.,sr)T h e g r a n t o fn local al lowance ofb.50 a month totheinspector of regis t rat ion office. (p ar ag ra ph 5 ) .(ii)

Northern India Salt Revenue DepartmentT h e ch an g es which we have recommended in the Nor themIn d ia s a l t r ev cn uc d ep a r tme n t are as follows :--

The c la ims of m e m b e r s of the depar tment to f i l lofficiating vacancies in th e com missionersh ip forperiodsn o t c s c c e d i n g sis m o n t h s s h o u l d be Considered( paragraph 2 !.Steps sh o u ld b e t ak en to h an d o v e r to th e localgovernments of t h e Un i ted and C en tra l Provinces thechargeof th e sa lt arra ng em en ts within their respectiveboundar ies I pnr:igr:iph :3 1. .Recru i tment shou ld be confined to st at ut or y natives ofInd ia !parag raph 4,.At Ic:1.+t one nominat ion in every thrce should beg iven to an I n d i m of u n misc t l As i a t i c d escen t( p i i r a k p p h ;? t .OIW v;ic;iiicy in every tiircbi? siiouhl t)c given to aI)roniotcvl sui)ordin;itc? .provittyti t h t ;i su itab le officeris ;iv;iil;it)l(!, :inti the rc!niuining twi i fillcd direc tly fromouts ide q ipl ic unts (paragr: ip l i 6 ) .'Tht! systrn i of rccruitmeiit by compct i t i \ ( L esaminat ionfro I I I ;ini o t igs t n o m in ;I tcci c;irid i t i ; i t c h s s1ii)uld beni;iint;iinetl. but the powtLr of nomination should becstwisetf by the Go v crn mca t of India with the adviceof ;i selection comniittcw 1 p arag rap h 7).A niorc stringent ettu ca tion al qun1ific:ition should berctquirt:ti ofcanctitlatc?s. a n d thibir ; i g ~limits should beliscbd so as to su it th ei r respcctivc?curr icula I paragraph8 , .The snlary of' the coinniissic~ncrshould III: reduced forfu tu re incumbents to th e grtictc pay of rl collcctor or adcp uty commissioner plu s ;i 1oc:il Ltllo\v;ince of Rs.250a mo nth. sulijcct to a inns im um of Rs. 2.400a month.T h e pay of the oth& officws should be fixed on anincren icnh l bas i s . and sh ould be inort!rlsed to theex ten t s ta ted (para l rmpl i 101.


40/42

Wume4.S05-1912 293Provision should be m ade in th e cadre for a leave an ddep utation reserve. Th is should be based on the actualrequirements of the prc=ious five years (paragraph11).Th e f igure for the ra te of an nu al recruitment shouldbe re-calculated (p ar ag ra ph 12).All f u t u r e e n t r a n t s t o t h e s e r v i c e e x c e p t . t h ecommissioner should come under the Indian seniceleave r u l e s a n d s h o u l d c o n t i n u e u n d e r t h e mthroughout the ir ca reers ( p a ra p n p h 131.

cLu)

(xr(sir

Salt and Excise DepartmentsThe chnngrs we have recommended in tho salt and excisedepartments r m as follows :


41/42

294

(ix)

cm&tm&CommissionsinPrelndependenae :direct appointment (pa ragrap h 9).A stri cte r educational qualification should be imposedon al l a l ike without dist inct ion of cOmmunit ier ,Cand idates should be required either to have M e nuniversity deg ree o r to hav e passed an e x m i n a t i o n ofa corresponding sta nd ard prescribed by the G o v e m e n tfor the Eu ropean schools (pa rag rap h 9).All new appointments of direct recruits should bemade at the sam e p lace in the cadre (paragraph 9).Thrseappo intm ents of probationer should be providdin Bombay and one in Bihar and Orissa; th e numberof probationers in M adras sh ould be raised to five andth at in Bengal to two (parag raph 10).Salariesshould be paid on th e incremental system andat the r a te s s t a t ed (pa rag raph 12).A lower scale of pay sh ould be fured for any statutorynative of India hereafter appointed in India as adist il lery exp er t (pa ragrap h 12).Additions should be made to the cadre of Madras,Bombay, Bengal, Burma. and Bihar and Orissa toprovide for leave an d d eputatio n reserves on th e basisof th e last fivey cm' actual requirements ipam-anph 14).An annua l r a t e of recruitm ent for Ma dras should befured (parag rap h 14).T h e p o s t of p e r s o n a l a s s i s t a n t t o t h e e x c i s ecommissioner in th e United Provinces shou ld be addedto the excise cadre so soon as it is vacnted.by thepresent incumbent (pa rag rap h 15).The capaci ty of members of the sal t : ind 'excised e p a r t m e n t i n B u r m a t o f i l l t h e c h i e fsupe rintcndc nkjhip should be tested in luiive vacancies(paragraph 16,.Except the m embers oft he Indian civil service employedin the de pa rtm en t an d distil lery experts. who are notstat uto ry natives. of India. all fu ture en tra nt s to thede par tm en t should be un de r the Indian service leaverules throughout the ir careers (para grap h 17) .Distillery experts sho uld be perm itted. su bject to thegeneral provisos, to reckon as service qualifying forsupe rannu ation pension th e num ber of completed years


42/42

~ml1903-1912 295by which their age at the tim e of appointm ent exceeded25 (paragraph 18).

Survey of IndiaDepartment16. The changes which we have recommended in the survey ofIndia depa r tm ent are a s follows:-

The service should be divided into class I and class I1(paragraph 2).Class I1 officers holding major charges should beincluded in the cad re of class I (paragraph 3).The nu m ber of class I posts allotted to class I1 officersshould be increased from seven to ten (pa rag rap h 3).Every second vacancy in class I1 should be filled up(paragraph4).Nominations toappear at the examination for admissionto class I1should be mad e with t h e advice of a selectioncommittee; the standard of examination should beraised; a nd appointmen ts should be given strictly inilccordilnce with th e exam ination resu lts (p a r a g a p h 6 ) .A t leas t th re e ou t of four vacancies in class I1 shouldbe filled by direct recruits (pa ra gr ap h TI.Not less than half the candidates nominated for theclass I1 exnminirtion should be Indians of unmixedAsiatic desce nt ( p a r a g a p h 8).The term of probation in class I1 should ba fixed a t tw oyears ( p a r a g a p h 10).T h e r a te s of salary in classes I and I1 should bemodified to the exten t s tated (parag raph s 11and 121.T he reserves-for leave and tr ain ing in class I should bcrecalculated (pa rag rap h 13).Direct recruits to Class I should be subject to theEuropean service leave leave rules Class I1 officersshould come un de r th e Ind ian service leave rules andr e m a i n u n d e r t h e m t h r o u g h o u t t h e i r c a r e e r s(paragraph141.

royal commission into the public services in india 1912

Documents