Rotation, Tilt, Orbits and Seasons

Moon and Tides

Ms. Konrad, 2014

Space Part 2

LG (4). Understand the relative movements of the earth, moon and sun.

SC• I can draw a diagram showing the orbits of the earth, moon and

sun, including their directions.

• I can compare the rotation speed of the earth, moon, and sun.

LG (5). Identify, through investigation, the effects of the following have on the weather conditions on Earth: the rotation and tilt of the Earth, and the Earth’s orbit around the sun.

SC• I can explain how the sun creates day and night.

• I can describe how and why the length of day varies due to the tilt of the earth and a person’s location on the globe.

• I can explain what causes the seasons.

• I can identify and explain the significance of the four equinoxes.

Learning Goals

LG (6). Investigate the phenomena caused by the relative locations of the Earth, Moon, and Sun.

SC • I can draw a diagram to show the position of the Earth, Moon

and Sun during both lunar and solar eclipses. • I can explain what a solar and lunar eclipse look like. • I can explain why we see the moon in different phases. • I can visually identify the phase of the moon as waxing,

waning, new, or full.• I can explain what causes tides on Earth• I can tell you when to expect high and low tides, as well as

spring and neap tides. • I can create a diagram and explanation of the Earth, Moon,

and Sun’s locations during spring and neap tides.

Orbit: the closed path a satellite takes around another body

- All planets in our solar system orbit the sun

- Moons orbit planets

- DEMO (ball and string)

Orbits

Gravity: the force which pulls one mass toward another- Examples:

- Human down toward the earth- Earth toward the sun- Moon toward the earth

- Causes orbits, prevents satellites from flying off in a straight line

Radius of Earth: 6378 km (1 earth)

Radius of Moon: 1738 km (0.273 Earths)

Radius of Sun: 695500 km (109 Earths)

Earth and Moon Orbits

Earth Moon0

50100150200250300350400

Days/orbit

365 29Earth Moon

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

Speed of orbit (km/hr)

3 679.2107 200

Earth Moon0.00E+00

2.00E+07

4.00E+07

6.00E+07

8.00E+07

1.00E+08

1.20E+08

1.40E+08

1.60E+08

Radius of Orbit (km)

3.85 x 1051.5 x 108

Axis of rotation: The invisible line around which a celestial body rotates

Orbit: the closed path a satellite takes around another body

Tilt: The angle at which the axis lies relative to the perpendicular of its orbital plane (cardboard cutout in the demo)

Rotation and Tilt

Earth: 1 day/rotation

Sun: 25 days/rot

Moon: 27.3 days/rot

Rotation: what effect does it have?

Earth Moon Sun0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Days/rotation

Earth: 23.5°

Moon: 1.5424°

Tilt: what effect does it have?

http://www.nfo.edu/moonview.htm

Orbital/

Sun

Earth

Axis

orbital plane

Perpendicular

http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/2010/06/21/measure-the-tilt-of-the-earth/

orbital plane

orbital plane

Hemi = half

Sphere = 3D circle

Hemisphere = half-sphere

Demo with half of a broken sun ball

Hemisphere

http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2011/01/20/3116529.htm

It is day on the side of the earth which faces the sunIt is night on the side which faces away from the sun.

What happens when the globe is tilted toward the sun? Away?

Direct radiation: what happens when there is more?

Globe and Light Demo (dots)

Longer days when our hemisphere is tilted towards the sun (summer).

• More direct radiation.

Shorter days when our hemisphere is tilted away from the sun (winter).

• Less direct radiation

Length of Day and Seasons

Seasons Key Terms: Solstice, Equinox

http://www.universetoday.com/27474/vernal-equinox-busting-the-myth-of-balancing-eggs/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pgq0LThW7QA

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aSNs15sEINM

Seasons Video

https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0B0EMJmndBs_EQ1RWYl9hbkNiZlE&usp=sharing

Reading: pg 320-328

Textbook Questions: pg. 328 # 2-11

Homework

http://www.moonconnection.com/moon_phases_calendar.phtml

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Lunar_libration_with_phase2.gif

Planetary http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CJXsNmbTPSc

• Like earth, one side of the moon experiences “day”, and the other “night”

• The phase of the moon is its appearance at different locations in its orbit.

• 1 full cycle of phases per month (29.5 day orbit)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWOX7dgC2Bk

Phases of the moon

Key phasesWaxing moon: The bright portion is getting “larger” and sits on the right side

Waning moon: The dark portion is getting “larger” and sits on the right side

New moon: The moon is not visible (dark side faces earth)

Full moon: The entire moon is bright and circular (light side faces earth)

Phases of the Moon

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Moon_phases_en.jpg

Solar Eclipse: When our view of the sun is blocked out by the moon. Can only occur at a new moon, when the moon is between the Earth and Sun.

Lunar Eclipse: When the moon is in the Earth’s shadow. Can only occur at a full moon, when the Earth lies between the moon and Sun.

Hand Demo**Solar eclipses can only be seen from some locations on the earth.

**Lunar eclipses are visible from anywhere with a view of the moon.

Eclipses

http://www.iceinspace.com.au/63-682-0-0-1-0.html

Solar Eclipse

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/178098/eclipse/11202/The-frequency-of-solar-and-lunar-eclipseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

File:Solar_eclipse_1999_4_NR.jpg

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8161578.stm

The gravity of the moon pulls the ocean water toward the Moon as it orbits causing tides to rise on that side.

Spring tides: The largest tides. They occur when the Moon and Sun are in line with each other (on the same or opposite sides of the earth) so their gravitational forces combine (add up)

Neap tides: The smallest tides. They occur when the Moon and Sun are on perpendicular sides of the Earth

Tides

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tide

Spring and Neap Tides

http://blog.ucsusa.org/todays-king-tides-preview-the-future-of-sea-level-rise-162

Hamilton, Calvin J.; Hamilton, Rosanna L., The Moon,Views of the Solar System, 1995–2011

Wikipedia:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit_of_the_Moon

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon#cite_note-SolarViews-98

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_eclipse

Sources