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BEETHAM PDE ROSANNA STATION DEVELOPMENT ACOUSTIC TOWN

PLANNING REPORT Rp 001 R02 20200188 | 17 November 2020

Marshall Day Acoustics Pty LtdABN: 53 470 077 191

6 Gipps StreetCollingwood VIC 3066

AustraliaT: +613 9416 1855

www.marshallday.com

Project: BEETHAM PARADE ROSANNA STATION DEVELOPMENT

Prepared for: Beetham Parade Pty Ltdc/- SEMZ Property Advisory & Project ManagementLevel 1, 182 Victoria ParadeEast Melbourne Vic 3002

Attention: Sarah Vaughan

Report No.: Rp 001 R02 20200188

Disclaimer

Reports produced by Marshall Day Acoustics Limited are based on a specific scope, conditions and limitations, as agreed between Marshall Day Acoustics and the Client. Information and/or report(s) prepared by Marshall Day Acoustics may not be suitable for uses other than the specific project. No parties other than the Client should use any information and/or report(s) without first conferring with Marshall Day Acoustics.

The advice given herein is for acoustic purposes only. Relevant authorities and experts should be consulted with regard to compliance with regulations or requirements governing areas other than acoustics.

Copyright

The concepts and information contained in this document are the property of Marshall Day Acoustics Limited. Use or copying of this document in whole or in part without the written permission of Marshall Day Acoustics constitutes an infringement of copyright. Information shall not be assigned to a third party without prior consent.

Document Control

Status: Rev: Comments Date: Author: Reviewer:

Final - Issued for information 22 Oct 2020 AB LD

Final 01 Issued for information 13 Nov 2020 AB LD

Final 02 Issued for information 17 Nov 2020 AB LD

Rp 001 R02 20200188 Beetham Pde Rosanna Station Development - Acoustic Planning 3

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 5

2.0 SITE AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................................. 5

2.1 Rail usage and traffic volumes................................................................................................................... 7

3.0 LEGISLATION AND GUIDELINES ................................................................................................................. 8

3.1 Victorian Legislation ................................................................................................................................... 8

3.2 Guidelines.................................................................................................................................................... 9

4.0 ACOUSTIC SCOPE......................................................................................................................................10

4.1 Noise and vibration affecting the Site.....................................................................................................10

4.2 Potential noise emissions from the Site..................................................................................................10

4.3 Summary of acoustic legislation/guidelines ...........................................................................................10

5.0 SITE NOISE AND VIBRATION SURVEYS ....................................................................................................11

5.1 Background noise .....................................................................................................................................11

5.2 Traffic noise...............................................................................................................................................11

5.3 Rail noise ...................................................................................................................................................12

5.4 Rail vibration .............................................................................................................................................13

6.0 DERIVED NOISE LIMITS AND ACOUSTIC DESIGN TARGETS ...................................................................13

6.1 SEPP N-1 – Centralised plant and commercial noise legislation ...........................................................13

6.2 Apartment air-conditioning plant noise criteria.....................................................................................14

6.3 Waste collection .......................................................................................................................................15

6.4 Deliveries...................................................................................................................................................15

6.5 Construction..............................................................................................................................................15

6.5.1 EPA Publication 1254 ............................................................................................................................15

6.6 Rail noise criteria ......................................................................................................................................16

6.7 Sleep disturbance .....................................................................................................................................16

6.8 Rail vibration .............................................................................................................................................17

7.0 BUILDING ENVELOPE DESIGN..................................................................................................................17

7.1 Rail noise impact assessment ..................................................................................................................17


...

7.2 Glazing .......................................................................................................................................................18

7.2.1 Openable windows ...............................................................................................................................21

7.2.2 Alternative glazing configurations .......................................................................................................21

7.2.3 External doors (including sliding doors) ..............................................................................................21

7.2.4 Non-glazed facade elements to apartments.......................................................................................21


7.3 Assessment of high-performance glazing systems ................................................................................21

7.4 Commercial tenancies..............................................................................................................................22

8.0 CARPARK NOISE IMPACT .........................................................................................................................22

9.0 RAIL VIBRATION AND STRUCTURE BORNE NOISE ASSESSMENT..........................................................22

9.1 Structural vibration prediction ................................................................................................................22

9.2 Structure-borne noise prediction............................................................................................................23

10.0 ASSESSMENT OF NOISE EXPECTED FROM THE DEVELOPMENT...........................................................23

10.1 Mechanical services noise emissions......................................................................................................23

10.2 Waste collection .......................................................................................................................................23

10.3 Other commercial/retail tenants ............................................................................................................23

11.0 CLAUSE 58 OF THE VICTORIAN PLANNING PROVISIONS (VPP).............................................................24

11.1 Clause 58.04-3...........................................................................................................................................25

11.2 Noise to neighbouring (existing) dwellings.............................................................................................25

11.3 Noise to residents (of proposed development) .....................................................................................26

11.3.1 External traffic, trams, trains and car park ..........................................................................................26

11.3.2 Internal noise sources...........................................................................................................................26

11.3.3 Noise between apartment balconies...................................................................................................26

11.3.4 Internal sound insulation......................................................................................................................26

12.0 CONCLUSIONS...........................................................................................................................................26

APPENDIX A GLOSSARY OF

TERMINOLOGY APPENDIX B ZONING

MAP

APPENDIX C LEGISLATION AND GUIDELINES

APPENDIX D NOISE AND VIBRATION MEASURMENT DETAILS


1.0 INTRODUCTIONIt is proposed to construct a new mixed-use development adjacent to the Rosanna Station Precinct Redevelopment. The site has become available following the completion of the level crossing removal at the station.

The site is located in Beetham Parade, Rosanna and is immediately west of the rail corridor. The proposed development includes residential apartments from Levels 1-6 with a roof-top communal area at Level 6. The building will also include one (1) level of basement parking and commercial office space and amenities at Ground level.

Marshall Day Acoustics Pty Ltd (MDA) has been commissioned to undertake an assessment of acoustic considerations for the town planning stage of this project.

This report identifies potential acoustic considerations that may affect the development, such as rail noise and vibration and traffic noise. In addition, noise that may be produced by the future development, such as the proposed commercial tenancies, that could impact future or existing noise sensitive receivers has also been considered.

A glossary of acoustic terminology is provided in Appendix A.

2.0 SITE AND PROJECT DESCRIPTIONThe site is located in Beetham Parade, Rosanna and is west of the rail corridor. The site is bounded by an existing multi-storey residential development to the north, public carparking to the south and Beetham Parade to the west, with a mixture of existing commercial and residential properties.

The Rosanna station and rail corridor is located approximately 15m to the east of the site with existing residential properties further to the east. The site and surrounds are shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Site and surrounds

Existing residential

RosannaStation

Existing commercial

Railway

Existing residential Site

Existing residential

Existing residential Beetham

Parade

The railway line is elevated relative to the site and is partially screened as shown in Figure 2.


Figure 2: Elevated railway line adjacent to the site

The elevated section of railway incorporates rubber structural isolation bearings as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3: Railway isolation bearings

Period Inbound

Day/Evening - (0700 -2200hrs) 62

Night - (2200-0700hrs) 17


The proposed development includes residential apartments from Levels 1-6 with a roof-top communal area at Level 6 as shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4: Level 6 layout

The building will also include one (1) level of basement parking and commercial office space and amenities at Ground level as shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5: Ground level layout

The subject site is zoned Public Use -Transport (PUZ4) with surrounding land uses being zonedCommercial 1 (C1Z), General Residential (GRZ1). The relevant planning map is shown in Appendix B.

2.1 Rail usage and traffic volumes

Road traffic volumes around the subject site are relatively low and traffic noise is not expected to have a significant impact on the site.

Rosanna station is on the Melbourne metropolitan Hurstbridge rail line, which carries Metro electric passenger trains only (including peak hour express trains). A review of the relevant timetables indicates the following train movements from 30 October 2020.

Table 1: Average daily weekday train movements past the site

Outbound

65

15


3.0 LEGISLATION AND GUIDELINESA range of guidelines and legislation are used in Victoria to assess environmental noise and vibration. This section provides an overview of the key documents and guidelines.

3.1 Victorian LegislationA summary of the relevant Victorian legislation is provided in Table 2. Refer to Appendix C for further details.

Table 2: Relevant Victorian noise legislation

Document Overview

Environment Protection Act 1970

(the Act)

The Act provides the overarching legislative framework for the protection of the environment in Victoria. It establishes obligations for the control of environmental noise and applies to all types of noise sources except rail operations. The legislation does not specify noise limit values but sets out legal requirements to comply with State Environment Protection Policies and prescribed standards.

State Environment Protection Policy (Control of Noise from Commerce, Industry and Trade) No. N-1

(SEPP N-1)

SEPP N-1 defines mandatory noise limits for commercial, industrial or trade premises in the Metropolitan Region of Melbourne.

The limits apply to the level of noise occurring at neighbouring sensitive receivers.

The noise limits are determined on the basis of land zoning and background noise levels, and are separately defined for day, evening and night periods.

Refer to Appendix C1 for further detail and noise limit derivation.

Clause 58 of the Victorian Planning Provisions (VPP) and Apartment Design Guidelines

The proposed development will be required to comply with the requirements of Clause 58.04 of the Victorian Planning Provisions (VPP).

The clause requires that noise impacts associated with the development are adequately addressed. This includes external and internal noise sources.

Refer to Appendix C2 for further detail.


3.2 GuidelinesA summary of relevant guidelines referenced in Victorian noise assessments is presented in Table 3.

Table 3: Relevant Victorian references and guidelines

Reference Overview

Australian/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS 2107:2016 “Acoustics - Recommended design soundlevels and reverberation times forbuilding interiors”

(AS 2107)

Provides recommendations for acceptable internal noise levels. Table 1 of AS 2107 presents the recommended internal noise levels for “houses and apartments near major roads”, which is considered to be applicable tothe development site.


Sleep disturbance criteria sourced from NSW Road Noise Policy 2011

(Sleep disturbance criteria)

The provisions of this document are often referred to in Victoria for general guidance on potential sleep disturbance.

Based on a review of research into sleep disturbance, the NSW policy nominates maximum external night-time noise levels at noise sensitive locations which are unlikely to disturb sleep.


EPA Publication 1254 NoiseControl Guidelines

(EPA Guidelines)

Provides an overview of noise policies and legislation in Victoria for a range of different noise sources and provides supplementary guidance for situations where there is no policy or legislation.

Refer to Appendix C5, C6 and C7 for further detail.

Victorian Passenger Rail Infrastructure Noise Policy April 2013

(VPRINP)

Section 5 of the policy sets out the conditions under which transport bodies must apply the policy.

The policy sets ‘investigation thresholds’ for the assessment of noise. These are noise levels, which if exceeded, indicate that noise mitigation should be considered.


ISO 10137:2007 – Serviceability of buildings and walkways against vibrations Annex C Table C.1

AS2670.2 – 1990 Evaluation of Human Exposure to whole body vibration

Both ISO 10137 and AS 2670.2 present vibration criteria for continuous and intermittent vibration in building and both standards adopt the same vibration guideline targets for human comfort based on frequency dependent criteria referred to as “Vibration Curves” which are applicable for different building usages. Refer to Appendix C9 for further detail.

Note that the ISO Standard is used in lieu of AS 2670.2 – 1990 which is now withdrawn.

BS 6472-1:2008 Guide to evaluation of human exposure to vibration in buildings. Vibration sources other than blasting

BS 6472 takes into account human comfort based on Vibration Dose Value and exposure to vibration exposure over 16 hour day and 8 hour night periods.


Potential noise impact Source of assessment criteria

Domestic plant noise Environment Protection Regulations 2008, S.R.No.121/2008

EPA Publication 1254Central plant and noise from commerce

SEPP N-1

Waste collection and deliveries SEPP N-1

EPA Publication 1254

Traffic noise and carpark AS2107

Sleep disturbance

Rail noise VPRINP

Sleep disturbance

Rail vibration ISO 10137:2007

BS 6472-1:2008

Traffic and transport noise Clause 58 of Victorian Planning Provisions (VPP) (in applicable areas)


4.0 ACOUSTIC SCOPE

4.1 Noise and vibration affecting the Site

The development site is subjected to noise from the following sources:

• Passenger train noise and vibration from adjacent rail line

• Traffic noise from Beetham Parade

• Off-site commercial noise

• Carpark noise.

4.2 Potential noise emissions from the Site

Noise from the development site that may affect dwellings within the site boundary and beyond the site boundary includes:

• Fixed domestic plant

• Centralised mechanical plant such as the carpark ventilation system

• Mechanical plant associated with commercial and retail tenancies within the development

• Waste collection and deliveries servicing commercial premises.

4.3 Summary of acoustic legislation/guidelinesTable 4 details the relevant legislation or guideline applicable for the assessment of each of the identified noise sources.

Table 4: Summary of key noise issues and noise criteria

Document status

Legislation

Guideline

Legislation

Legislation

Guideline

Australian Standard

Industry Standard

Guideline

Industry Standard

ISO Standard used in lieu of AS 2670.2– 1990 which is now withdrawn

British Standard

State Planning Policy Objectives must be achieved Standards should be achieved

A 63 125 250 500 1k 2k 4k

‘Normal’ car 95 110 103 96 90 87 85 82

‘Worst-case’ car 103 111 109 105 99 97 93 93

Vehicle pass by 92 100 98 94 88 86 82 82


5.0 SITE NOISE AND VIBRATION SURVEYSThe following sections detail noise and vibration measurements taken in the vicinity of the site. The measurement locations are shown in Appendix D.

5.1 Background noiseDue to Covid-19 restrictions, it has not been possible to undertake a meaningful background noise assessment at the site. MDA has previously conducted long-term background noise monitoring at44 Turnham Avenue, on the opposite side of the railway to the east of the site, between30 November and 4 December 2016. The background noise level measurements at this location are considered to be generally representative of background noise levels at the subject site.

The measured background noise levels derived for the site are detailed in Table 5 and expected to be representative of the background noise levels at the subject site and surrounds.

Table 5: Measured background noise levels, dB LA90 (1 hour)

Time period Lowest average background noise level*

Day 43

Evening 44

Night 36

5.2 Traffic noiseGiven the nature of the site and surrounds and on the basis that Beetham Parade is a local road with low traffic volumes, it is expected that traffic noise impacts on the site are low and conventional glazing systems would adequately control noise intrusion from traffic and allow the internal criteria to be readily achieved.

Noise from vehicle movement within the adjacent carpark has the potential to impact on the proposed apartments, particularly during the night period.

The noise source data used for the assessment of late night vehicle movements for carpark access, as taken from the MDA database of measured noise sources, is summarised in Table 6.

Table 6: Noise source Sound Power Level for vehicle movements; Lmax SWL dB

Description Octave Band Centre Frequency

(Hz)


5.3 Rail noiseRail noise measurements were undertaken at the site between 1800-2000hrs on 12 October

2020. The measurement positions for individual rail noise events are provided in Appendix D

and asummary of the measured train noise levels is provided in Table 7.

Table 7: Rail noise level measurement results, dB

Maximum rail noise, LAmax

Description Northern end of site Southern end of site

Passenger train pass-by 66-75 68-74

Passenger train horn sounding 69-82 86-93

In addition to the above, the long term noise levels at the eastern boundary, adjacent to the railway line are presented in Table 8 to enable assessment against the criteria detailed in the VPP.

Table 8: Measured long term noise levels adjacent to easter boundary, dB LAeq

Description Octave Band Centre Frequency (Hz)

63 125 250 500 1k 2k 4k A

Eastern site boundary – northern end 69 66 58 54 52 48 45 57

Eastern site boundary – southern end 62 60 56 55 54 54 51 60

The measurement microphone was elevated approximately 6m above ground level. Although closer to the station and train horn, the measured noise levels at the northern end of the site due to train horns were typically lower than the measured noise level at the southern end of the site due to shielding provided by the existing railway platform barriers. The noise level is expected to be higher than measured at higher elevations at the northern end of the site.

Given the above, distance and directivity corrections have been made to the measured noise levels for the assessment.

The results exceed the VPRINP investigation thresholds of 85 dB LAmax for changing allowable land use near an existing rail corridor and accordingly will require the acoustic design of the building envelope to address airborne rail noise.

Importantly, we note that the threshold exceedance does not mean that the external rail noise levels need to be reduced below the given thresholds. This is not the intention of the VPRINP investigation thresholds. The Lmax threshold exceedance triggers the need for further investigation to assess rail noise in habitable spaces with respect to appropriate internal noise criterion. This assessment and resulting building envelope recommendations for control of train noise are provided in Section 9.0.

The VPRINP requires the assessment to be based on the upper 95th percentile of the maximum measured rail noise (and vibration). The measured upper 95th percentile maximum spectra used for the airborne rail noise assessment is presented in Table 9.

63 125 250 500 1k 2k 4k A

81 72 75 93 88 87 83 92


Table 9: 95th percentile maximum rail noise spectra at rail portal opening, dB LAmax

Description Octave Band Centre Frequency (Hz)

Train horns – southern end of site

As detailed above, distance and directivity corrections have been made to the measured noise levels for the assessment.

5.4 Rail vibrationRail vibration measurements were undertaken at the site on 12 October 2020. The vibration measurement position is provided in Appendix Dand are summarised in Table 10.

Table 10: Maximum measured rail vibration results: La dB (re 10-6m/s2 rms)

Description Third Octave Band Centre Frequency (Hz)

6.3 8 10 12.5 16 20 25 31.5 40 50 63 80 100 125 160

Ground position 45 42 42 46 58 62 70 74 81 83 81 79 78 68 56*95th percentile maximum of all Metro passenger train passes

Vibration is assessed using vibration velocity level (Lv), converted from the vibration acceleration level spectra (La) as presented in Table 10 and then used to predict the rail induced structural vibration and structure-borne noise at selected receiver positions in the dwellings of the proposed development (Refer Section 8.0).

6.0 DERIVED NOISE LIMITS AND ACOUSTIC DESIGN TARGETS

6.1 SEPP N-1 – Centralised plant and commercial noise legislationNoise from mechanical services equipment and any other noise from commercial tenancies in the development will be assessed against SEPP N-1. The derivation of the SEPP N-1 noise limits, which takes into account the background noise results detailed in Table 5, is provided in Appendix C1 and summarised below in Table 11.

Table 11: SEPP N-1 noise limits dB Leff

Period Day of week Time period Noise limit

Day Monday-Friday 0700-1800hrs 55

Saturday 0700-1300hrs

Evening Monday-Friday 1800-2200hrs 48

Saturday 1300-2200hrs

Sunday, Public Holidays 0700-2200hrs

Night Monday-Sunday 2200-0700hrs 43


6.2 Apartment air-conditioning plant noise criteriaNoise from fixed domestic plant associated with residential properties must comply with the requirements of the Environment Protection (Residential Noise) Regulations 2008 (Statutory Rule No.121/2008) which sets out provisions for control of noise from domestic appliances including motorized equipment, electric power equipment, domestic air-conditioning plant, swimming pool pumps and musical equipment, whether amplified or not.

The regulation does not prescribe noise limits for the equipment, but it does prescribe allowable hours of operation for the purposes of determining whether noise is ‘unreasonable’ at residential premises under Section 48A(5) of the Environment Protection Act 1970.

The Environment and Protection (Residential Noise) regulation 2008 is the only legislation regarding residential noise in the State of Victoria. Group 3 of the schedule of prescribed items covers domestic air-conditioners and heating equipment, and prohibits hours of operation as follows:

• Monday to Friday: before 0700 hours and after 2200 hours

• Weekends and Public Holidays: before 0900 hours and after 2200 hours

Notwithstanding the above requirements, it is not always practical to turn off air-conditioning units during the night-time hours. If noise was inaudible inside any residence, then the intent of the requirements of Section 48A(5) of the Environment Protection Act would effectively be achieved. This outcome is consistent with Section 1 of EPA Publication 1254, Noise Control Guidelines which provides recommended noise limits for fixed domestic plant.

EPA publication 1254 is used by local authorities and municipal councils to assess noise issues and recommends the following:

Day and evening operation

Where noise from any fixed domestic plant occurs beyond the residential property boundary, the broadband intrusive noise resulting from its use shall not exceed the background noise level by more than 5 dB when measured at the property boundary.

Night operation

The noise from fixed domestic plant must not be audible within a habitable room of any other residence(regardless of whether any door or window giving access to the room is open) during prohibited hours.

The above criteria are typically applied to individual condensing units located on apartment balconies, which are independently controlled by the occupants. In this case, condensing units are to be grouped on dedicated plant platforms and will operate on demand. Therefore, application of the SEPP N-1 noise limits is considered more appropriate on the basis that the units are akin to centralised plant.


6.3 Waste collectionEPA Publication No. 1254, Noise Control Guidelines (Guidelines) provides the following recommendations for domestic waste collections:

• Routes should be selected to provide the least impact on residential areas before 7am

• Collections occurring once a week should be restricted to the hours 6am-6pm Monday toSaturday

• Collections occurring more than once a week should be restricted to the hours 7am-6pmMonday to Saturday

• Compaction should only be carried out while on the move

• Bottles should not be broken up at the point of collection

• Routes that service entirely residential areas should be altered regularly to reduce early morning disturbance

• Noisy verbal communication between operators should be avoided where possible.

6.4 DeliveriesEPA (Vic) publication no.: 1254, Noise Control Guidelines states the following concerning store deliveries:

Where a residential area will be impacted by noise from deliveries, the deliveries should be inaudible in a habitable room of any residential premises (regardless of whether any door or window giving access to the room is open) outside the hours contained in the schedule

Schedule: Deliveries to shops, supermarkets & service stations

- 7am-10pm Monday to Saturday- 9am-10pm Sunday and Public Holidays.

6.5 ConstructionConstruction noise emissions from the site will be subject to the requirements of EPA Publication 1254.

We provide the following summary of the requirements.

6.5.1 EPA Publication 1254

Noise from construction activities should comply with the requirements of EPA issued Publication1254 Noise Control Guidelines in October 2008, which provides guidance on a number of noise related issues, including construction and demolition site noise. The guideline is applicable to the construction of industrial and commercial premises and is intended to protect residential properties but it does note that commercial and other premises affected should also be considered. The guidelines also identify that community consultation is considered essential for large scale projects or high impact works.

Publication 1254 suggests that noise control measures be implemented as part of the construction process, and recommends that the schedule of hours and conditions presented in Table 12 are applied to construction site activities.


Table 12: EPA Publication 1254 hours of operation and noise requirements

Period Hours Comment

Normal working hours

0700 – 1800hrs Monday to Friday

0700 – 1300hrs Saturday

Noise to follow the requirements ofPublication 1254 during the hours listed

Weekend / evening work hours

0600 – 2200hrs Monday to Friday

1300 – 2200hrs Saturdays

0700 – 2200hrrs Sunday & Public Hols

Noise level at any residential premises not to exceed background noise by 10dBA or more for up to 18 months after project commencement

5dBA or more after 18 months of commencement

Night period 2200 – 0700hrs Monday to Sunday Noise inaudible within a habitable room of any residential premises

Note that there are no numerical limits imposed for the normal working hours period. Noise levels are assessed at the nearest affected r e s i d e n t ia l property.

6.6 Rail noise criteriaRail noise in occupied spaces will be assessed against the following internal design targets. Structure- borne noise criteria is recommended to be at least 10dB below the airborne noise path to limit potential the cumulative increase in overall noise levels.

Table 13: Recommended internal design targets for rail noise, LAmax dB

Area Airborne rail noise Structure-borne rail noise

Sleeping areas 50-55 40-45

Living areas 60 50

Retail areas 65 55

Note that a number of the design targets in Table 13are presented as a 5 dB range (e.g. 55-60). Where applicable, compliance with the lower level is preferred, but compliance with the higher level of the 5 dB range is considered to be satisfactory.

6.7 Sleep disturbanceThe NSW policy notes that from the research on sleep disturbance to date it can be concluded that:

• Maximum internal noise levels below 50–55dB LAmax are unlikely to awaken people from sleep

• One or two noise events per night, with maximum internal noise levels of65–70 dB LAmax, are not likely to affect health and wellbeing significantly.

ISO 10137 / AS 2670-2 Criteria

VC 1.4 night-time residential

VC 2 daytime residential

VC-4 commercial/offices


6.8 Rail vibrationRail vibration in occupied spaces will be assessed against the following internal design targets for continuous (and intermittent) vibration in buildings:

Table 14: Vertical floor vibration velocity

LV dB (re 10-6mm/s rms)

103

106

112

Note that the standards differentiate transient vibration of one or two events per day from continuous (and intermittent) vibration. Some allowance over the criteria is allowed for transient vibration of one or two events per day.

The VDV design targets reproduced from BS6472 is also used for the assessment.

Table 15: BS 6472 VDV impact assessment criteria m/s1.75

Residential assessment period Low probability of adverse comment

Daytime (16hrs) 0.2 – 0.4

Night-time (8hrs) 0.1 – 0.2

7.0 BUILDING ENVELOPE DESIGN

7.1 Rail noise impact assessmentThe measured railway noise levels at the eastern site boundary are detailed in Table 7 and Table 8. The resultant noise level in the most affected apartments has been calculated based on the assumption that the external glazing systems are standard apartment glazing systems consisting of6.38mm laminated glass or 6/8/6 double glazing.

Noise levels have been predicted in three (3) apartments on the eastern elevation. Apartments have been selected at the northern and southern end of the building and one in the centre. Level 3 apartments have been selected on the basis that they will be elevated relative to the railway line with clear line-of-sight to trains. The noise levels are not expected to change significantly with increased height, therefore the calculations can be considered representative of all apartment levels on the eastern elevation.

The predicted noise levels for each apartment are detailed in Table 16.

Table 16: Calculated internal noise levels within apartments – standard glazing

North apartment Central apartment South apartment

Description LAeq LAmax LAeq LAmax LAeq LAmax

Calculated internal noise level 34 67 34 65 34 64

Noise level criteria 35 50-55 35 50-55 35 50-55

Excess - 12-17 - 10-15 - 9-14

Criteria achieved


The calculated noise levels shown in Table 16 demonstrate that the long term noise levels in terms of LAeq achieve the recommended internal noise level criteria with standard glazing systems. This also aligns with the requirements of the VPP.

However, the calculations indicate that the recommended noise levels criteria for distinct events such as train passes and train horns will be exceeded.

7.2 GlazingTrains noise levels incident on the building facade have been calculated based on measured noise levels at the northern and southern end of the site and centrally.

In order to achieve the specified internal noise level criteria, our calculations indicate that high performance glazing systems are required as detailed in Table 17. The required acoustic performance for each elevation is dependent on the proximity and orientation of the facade in relation to the railway line. Therefore, options have been provided for each elevation of the building.

The location of the recommended glazing systems is shown indicatively in Figure 6.

The recommended glazing systems are expected to adequately control traffic noise ingress fromBeetham Parade.

Figure 6: Indicative location of glazing systems

Rp 001 R02 20200188 Beetham Pde Rosanna Station Development - Acoustic Planning Report 19

Eastern & Northern elevations

Eastern & Northern elevations

Double glazing (Rw 38) Double glazing (Rw 35) Double glazing (Rw 38) Double glazing (Rw 35)

or or or orSingle Sliding door (Rw 38) Single Sliding door (Rw 35) Single Sliding door (Rw 38) Single Sliding door

(Rw 35)

.Southern & Eastern elevations

Table 17: Recommended glazing

Location Bedrooms Living spaces

No Wintergarden Wintergarden(e.g. Safety-line Jalouise glazed louvres)

No Wintergarden Wintergarden(e.g. Safety-line Jalouise louvres)

Double glazing (Rw 42)

Double Sliding door Rw

44(G. James Series 445 - 10.38 Lam

Outer,6.38 Lam Inner)

Glazed area* should be limited to 3m2

Double glazing (Rw 35)or

Single Sliding door (Rw

35)

Double glazing (Rw 42)

Double Sliding door Rw

44(G. James Series 445 - 10.38 Lam

Outer,6.38 Lam Inner)

Glazed area* should be limited to 6m2



35)



33)

N/A Double glazing (Rw 33)or


33)

N/A

*Note that allowable glazed areas refers to the total window area per bedroom/living room


7.2.1 Openable windows

Openable windows should be awning or casement type windows incorporating compression seals.

7.2.2 Alternative glazing configurations

Indicative acoustic performance is nominated for glazing in terms of Rw. However, the configuration of the glass thickness and air-gap is also critical to the performance of the system at specific frequencies.

Alternative glazing configurations may be considered but must be reviewed and approved by MDA prior to installation to ensure the required transmission loss performance is achieved, particularly at low frequencies. Glazing selections based on the quoted Rw performance alone may not achieve the required performance.

7.2.3 External doors (including sliding doors)

All glazed external doors (including sliding doors) must incorporate the relevant glazing specifications detailed above. It is expected that a well-sealed sliding door system incorporating the above glazing thickness will achieve a suitable performance.

Consideration can be given to the following supplier of acoustically rated external door systems:

• Trend doors and windows

• G James sliding door systems.

7.2.4 Non-glazed facade elements to apartments

The assessment assumes that non-glazed portions of the facades including any roofs exposed to environmental noise shall have sound insulation performance significantly greater than that of the associated glazing system.

Where external walls are constructed from masonry, no special acoustic treatment is required.

Where light-weight construction is proposed in the northern and eastern elevations, it must

provideacceptable sound insulation performance to enable the internal; criteria to be achieved. An exampleof a suitable system consists of 9mm compressed fibre cement sheet externally and two (2) layers of13mm plasterboard internally. Acoustic insulation must be included within the stud cavity.

Care should also be taken with the detailed design of openings to the facade such as kitchen extract ducts or ventilation pathways to ensure that noise ingress through these elements does not de-rate the sound insulation performance of the glazing and walls.

7.3 Assessment of high-performance glazing systems

The predicted noise levels for each apartment, based on the glazing systems detailed in Table 17 are detailed in Table 18.

Table 18: Calculated internal noise levels within apartments – high-performance glazing

North apartment Central apartment South apartment

Description LAeq LAmax LAeq LAmax LAeq LAmax

Calculated internal noise level 29 55 26 53 25 52

Noise level criteria 35 50-55 35 50-55 35 50-55

Excess - - - - - -

Criteria achieved

Habitable space Predicted maximum structural

vGround Level 9

3


The calculated noise levels shown in Table 18 demonstrate that the long term noise levels in terms of LAeq achieve the recommended internal noise level criteria with standard glazing systems. This also aligns with the requirements of the VPP.

The calculations also indicate that the recommended noise level criteria for distinct events such as train passes and train horns will be achieved.

7.4 Commercial tenanciesThe acoustic performance for building envelope glazing for the commercial tenancies should be ofthe order of Rw 35. This is considered sufficient to mitigate rail and traffic noise for all facades to meet the criteria and would likely consist of 10.38mm laminated glass or 6/12/6 double glazing.

8.0 CARPARK NOISE IMPACT

Based on the vehicle noise source data in Table 6 and the sleep disturbance criteria in Table 6, the assessment of sleep disturbance from the use of the adjacent public carpark is summarised in Table19.

Table 19: Assessment of sleep disturbance due to use of carpark, dB LAmax

Description Predicted noise levels Sleep disturbance criteria

‘Normal’ car 71 60-65

‘Worst-case’ car 79 60-65

Vehicle pass by 68 60-65

Table 19 shows that noise from the use of the public carpark will exceed the recommended sleep disturbance criteria during the nigher period. However, the sleep disturbance criteria states that one or two noise events per night, with maximum internal noise levels of 65–70 dB LAmax (75-80dB LAmax external), are not likely to affect health and wellbeing significantly.

It is also noted that the windows that are exposed to the carpark are also exposed to railway noise and substantial glazing systems have been specified. On this basis, the internal sleep disturbance criteria will be easily achieved with windows closed.

9.0 RAIL VIBRATION AND STRUCTURE BORNE NOISE ASSESSMENT

9.1 Structural vibration predictionThe rail related structural vibration predicted to occur at ground level in the habitable spaces of the development are derived based on the concept architectural and structural designs, are provided in Table 20. Guidance for the process to conduct the predictions based on measurement data has been taken from Transportation Noise Reference Book, P.M Nelson, 1987.

Table 20: Rail induced Structural floor vibration; via ground path; dB max Lv re 10-6 mm/s

*Based on Table 10 measurement results

Assessment ISO 10137Residential Night VC-1.4 103 dB

The results of Table 20 show that the maximum (95th percentile maximum) structural vibration from


Metro passenger trains is expected to comply with the ISO 10137 Residential Night VC-1.4 criterion.


VDV assessment

Taking into consideration the rate of train passes detailed in Table 1, the VDV calculated at the nearest occupied spaces will not exceed VDV 0.4 m/s1.75 daytime or VDV 0.2 m/s1.75 night. Therefore, in terms of exposure to passenger train passes, the BS6472 VDV assessment indicates there is low probability of adverse comment from future residents regarding structural vibration from passing trains.

9.2 Structure-borne noise predictionThe rail related structure-borne noise in the habitable spaces can be calculated from the predicted floor vibration levels presented in the previous Section. The calculations have assumed masonry structure.

The results are summarised in Table 21.

Table 21: Metro passenger train structure-borne noise in habitable spaces; dB LAFmax

Location Predicted noise level Bedroom Design target(40 – 45)

Living room Design target(50)

Ground Level 29

The predicted structure-borne noise levels within the habitable spaces are expected to be significantly below the noise level targets for bedrooms and living spaces. On this basis, the primary noise impacts on the apartments will be airborne noise intrusion via the building facade.

10.0 ASSESSMENT OF NOISE EXPECTED FROM THE DEVELOPMENT

10.1 Mechanical services noise emissionsBuilding services noise criteria are detailed in Section 6.1 and Section 6.2. Environmental noise emissions can be controlled with the inclusion of appropriate equipment selection and placement and the incorporation of conventional and readily available noise control treatments where applicable.

Noise emission from fixed domestic plant can be adequately controlled with appropriate equipment selection and positioning.

10.2 Waste collectionNoise from waste collection can be appropriately controlled with adherence to the management controls and permitted hours recommended by EPA Publication 1254 Noise Control Guidelines.

10.3 Other commercial/retail tenantsIt is expected to be the responsibility of all future commercial/retail tenants to demonstrate compliance with relevant legislative and regulatory acoustic requirements including but not be limited to the following:

• SEPP N-1 – mechanical services noise associated with commercial/retail activities. In the case where noise is primarily transmitted internally through a solid wall ceiling or floor, the SEPP N-1 noise limits, adjusted by -15 dB (SEPP N-1 Schedule A2. 4. (d) (ii)), would be applied internally in the nearest affected apartments within the development. It is noted that the Building Code of Australia requires walls and floors separating apartments from commercial tenancies to achieve Rw 50 or greater and include Discontinuous Construction.


• SEPP N-2 – Should music noise be included as part of the operations of any of the future commercial tenancies (e.g. cafeteria, restaurant, licenced entertainment venue) any music noise emissions must comply with the SEPP N-2 at any dwelling within the subject site and beyond the site boundary. It is the responsibility of the tenant to comply with SEPP N-2.

• Noise from deliveries and waste collection associated with commercial tenancies will be the responsibility of the tenants in accordance with the applicable EPA guidelines.

11.0 CLAUSE 58 OF THE VICTORIAN PLANNING PROVISIONS (VPP)Clause 58-04 of the VPP applies to apartment developments of five or more storeys and introduces requirements for apartment developments including noise impacts.

The apartment provisions contain Objectives, Standards and Decision Guidelines. Planning advisory note 66 (April 2017) defines these terms as follows:

Objectives describe the desired outcome to be achieved in the completed development

A Standard contains the requirements to meet the objective. A standard should normally be met. However, if the responsible authority is satisfied that an alternative design solution meets the objective, the alternative design solution may be considered.

Decisions guidelines set out the matters that the responsible authority must consider before deciding if an application meets the objectives. When an alternative design solution is proposed, the effect of the design solution on the achievement of other objectives should be considered.

Clause 58.04-3 relates specifically to noise and contains the following.

Ob j e c t ive s

To contain noise sources in the development that may affect existing dwellings

To protect residents from external and internal noise sources

St an d a r d (D16 )

Noise sources, such as mechanical plant should not be located near bedrooms of immediately adjacent existing dwellings

The layout of new dwellings and buildings should minimise noise transmission within the site

Noise sensitive rooms (such as living areas and bedrooms) should be located to avoid noise impacts from mechanical plants, lifts, building services, non-residential uses, car parking, communal areas and other dwellings.

New dwellings should be designed and constructed to include acoustic attenuation measures to reduce noise levels from off-site noise sources. Buildings within a noise influence area specified in Table D3 should be designed and constructed to achieve the following noise levels:

• Not greater than 35dB(A) for bedrooms, assessed as an LAeq,8h from 10pm to 6am.

• Not greater than 40dB(A) for living areas, assessed LAeq,16h from 6am to 10pm.

Buildings, or part of a building screened from a noise source by an existing solid

structure,


or the natural topography of the land, do not need to meet the specified noise level requirements.

Noise levels should be assessed in unfurnished rooms with a finished floor and the windows closed.


Table 22: Noise influence area

Noise source Noise influence area

Zone interface Industry 300 metres from the Industrial 1, 2 and 3 zone boundary

Noise influence area Roads Freeways, tollways and other roads carrying 40,000 Annual Average Daily Traffic Volume

300 metres from the nearest trafficable lane

Railways Railway servicing passengers in Victoria 80 metres from the centre of the nearest track

Railway servicing freight outside MetropolitanVictoria

80 metres from the centre of the nearest track

Railway servicing freight in MetropolitanMelbourne


Note: The noise influence area should be measured from the closest part of the building to the noise source.

Decision guidelines

Before deciding on an application, the responsible authority must consider:

• The design response.

• Whether it can be demonstrated that the design treatment incorporated into the development meets the specified noise levels or an acoustic report by a suitably qualified consultant submitted with the application.

• Whether the impact of potential noise sources within a development have been mitigated through design, location and siting.

• Whether the layout of rooms within a dwelling mitigates noise transfer within and between dwellings.

• Whether an alternative design meets the relevant objectives having regard to the amenity of the dwelling and the site context.

11.1 Clause 58.04-3The site is within 80m of a passenger rail line and is therefore subject to the external sound insulation performance requirements of Clause 58.04-3

An assessment of the proposed development against the objectives and standards of Clause 58.04-3 has been undertaken in the following sections.

11.2 Noise to neighbouring (existing) dwellingsThe main noise sources associated with the proposed development have been identified as follows:

• Central and domestic mechanical services plant located on dedicated roof platforms or within dedicated plantrooms

• Waste collection and deliveries to commercial tenancies

At this stage, the specification of equipment selections and equipment placement under development. However, it is expected that the applicable noise level criteria can be achieved with appropriate equipment selection and placement and the inclusion of readily available noise control treatments such as silencers and acoustic screens where required.


Noise from waste collection and deliveries can be controlled by adherence to the applicable EPA Guideline.

11.3 Noise to residents (of proposed development)

11.3.1 External traffic, trams, trains and car park

As detailed in Section 7.0, the internal noise criteria can be achieved with appropriate window and sliding door suites and glazing selections incorporating double glazed assemblies fitted with acoustic seals.

11.3.2 Internal noise sources

As detailed above, noise from mechanical services plant associated with the development can be addressed with conventional and readily available acoustic treatments.

Lift shafts will include Discontinuous Construction in accordance with the National Construction Code(NCC) which will provide appropriate amenity for apartment occupants.

Careful acoustic design will be required for communal spaces and it is expected that an appropriate level of acoustic separation can be readily achieved.

11.3.3 Noise between apartment balconies

A number of apartments within the development have adjacent balconies.

There are no criteria governing noise transfer between adjacent balconies of sole occupancy apartments. The Standard (D16) of Clause 58.04-3 recommends “minimising” noise transmission.

Given the above, we recommend screening between adjacent balconies in the form of an 1800 mm high screen. The use of solid screening such as glass will assist in reducing noise transfer from one balcony to another.

11.3.4 Internal sound insulation

It should be noted that the apartments must be designed to meet all the requirements for internal sound insulation prescribed by the NCC. The NCC is the applicable legislative document regarding acoustic performance of residential type buildings. The NCC includes airborne and impact sound insulation requirements for walls and floors as well as requirements for insulating internal services such as ducting and pipework.

This design work is normally performed at the detailed design stage in conjunction with the project architect and can be further refined in consultation with the project builder.

12.0 CONCLUSIONS

It is proposed to construct a new mixed-use development adjacent to the Rosanna Station Precinct Redevelopment. The site has become available following the completion of the level crossing removal at the station.

Marshall Day Acoustics Pty Ltd (MDA) has completed an assessment of acoustic considerations for the town planning stage of this project. This report identifies potential acoustic considerations that may affect the development, such as rail noise and vibration and traffic noise. In addition, noise that may be produced by the future development, such as the proposed commercial tenancies, that could impact future or existing noise sensitive receivers has also been considered.

The assessment indicates that high performance glazing systems are required to the northern and eastern facades of the building to primarily control noise from train horns.


Measurements of vibration levels at the site indicate that structure-borne noise and vibration within the building will be below the nominated criteria, without the need for additional building isolation treatment.

It is expected that the applicable SEPP N-1 noise limits can be achieved with the installation of conventional and readily available noise control treatments.

The Objectives, Standards and Decision Guidelines set out by Clause 58-04 of the Victorian PlanningProvisions (VPP) have been considered and can be addressed by the proposed design.

It is the responsibility of future commercial/retail tenants to demonstrate compliance with relevant legislative and regulatory acoustic requirements where relevant.

APPENDIX A GLOSSARY OF TERMINOLOGYA-weighting The process by which noise levels are corrected to account for the non-linear frequency

response of the human ear.

dB DecibelThe unit of sound level.

Hertz (Hz) Vibration can occur over a range of frequencies extending from the very low, such as the rumble of thunder, up to the very high such as the crash of cymbals. The frequency of vibration and sound is measured in hertz (Hz). Once hertz is one cycle per second. Structural Vibration is generally measured over the frequency range from 1Hz to 500Hz (0.5kHz).LA90 The noise level exceeded for 90% of the measurement period, measured in dB. This is commonly referred to as the background noise level.

LA10 (t) The A-weighted noise level equalled or exceeded for 10% of the measurement period. This is commonly referred to as the average maximum noise level.

The suffix "t" represents the time period to which the noise level relates, e.g. (8 h) would represent a period of 8 hours, (15 min) would represent a period of 15 minutes and (2200-0700) would represent a measurement time between 10 pm and 7 am.

LAeq The equivalent continuous sound level. This is commonly referred to as the average noise level and is measured in dB.

LAmax The A-weighted maximum noise level. The highest noise level which occurs during the measurement period.

La The vibration acceleration level referenced to a standard acceleration level, usually 10-6 m/s2.

Lv The vibration velocity level relative to a reference velocity, usually 1 x 10-6 mm/s.

Rw W e ig h t e d S oun d R e du c t i o n I n d e x A single number rating of the sound insulation performance of a specific building element. Rw is measured in a laboratory. Rw is commonly used by manufacturers to describe the sound insulation performance of building elements such as plasterboard and concrete.

Sound Insulation When sound hits a surface, some of the sound energy travels through the material. ‘Sound insulation’ refers to ability of a material to stop sound travelling through it.

VDV Vibration Dose Value is based on British Standard BS 6472:1992 Guide to Evaluation of Human Exposure to Vibration in Buildings (1Hz to 80Hz) and provides guidelines for the evaluation of whole body exposure to intermittent vibration.

VDV can be used to take into account the weighted measured RMS vibration from many vibration sources including rail vehicles, construction equipment such as jackhammers and industry. VDV takes into account the duration of each event and the number of events per day, either at present or in the foreseeable future and calculates a single value index.


APPENDIX B ZONING MAP



APPENDIX C LEGISLATION AND

GUIDELINES C1 SEPP N-1

C1.1 Application

State Environment Protection Policy (Control of Noise from Commerce, Industry and Trade) No. N-1 (SEPP N-1) sets noise limits that apply to commercial, industrial and trade premises within the Melbourne metropolitan region. Compliance with SEPP N-1 is mandatory under section 46 of the Environment Protection Act 1970.

SEPP N-1 defines a ‘commercial, industrial and trade premises’ as:

any premises except:

(a) residential premises as defined in section 48A of the [Environment Protection] Act;

(b) a street or road, including every carriageway, footpath, reservation and traffic island on any street or road;

(c) a tram, light rail or railway line not being a siding, marshalling yard or maintenance depot of any tram, light rail or railway line; and

(d) [land situated at Luna Park, St Kilda].

Section 48A of the Act defines residential premises as:

any building or part of a building used as or for the purposes of a private residence or residential flat.

C1.2 Assessment methodology

SEPP N-1 is a policy and technical document. The Policy prescribes the methodology and measurement procedure used to determine applicable noise limits and assessment of compliance.

The Policy requires that proposed commercial premises be designed to comply withSEPP N-1 noise limits. Clause 16 of the Policy states:

Where it is planned to develop new commercial, industrial or trade premises, the premises shall be designed so that the noise emissions do not exceed the noise limits

Further, the occupier of commercial, industrial or trade premises has an ongoing obligation to meet the SEPP N-1 noise limits. Clause 15 of the Policy states:

where noise emissions from existing commercial, industrial or trade premises exceed the requirements set out in the Policy, steps shall be taken by the occupier to reduce the level of these noise emissions to, or below, the relevant Policy noise limits.

SEPP N-1 defines a ‘noise sensitive area’ as an area of land within 10m outside the external walls of:

a dwelling or residential building

a dormitory, ward or bedroom of a caretaker's house, hospital, hotel, institutional home, motel, reformative institution, tourist establishment or work release hostel.

The assessment of noise from the subject site under SEPP N-1 is based on the calculation of a noise limit at a receiver position, taking into account a zoning noise level derived from the land zoning types in the surrounding area and the background noise level.


...

Once a noise limit is established, the noise level (LAeq) due to the commercial premises is measured or predicted. If necessary, the LAeq noise level is adjusted for noise character and duration to give the effective noise level (Leff). If the Leff level exceeds the noise limit, then remedial action is required.


C1.3 Calculation of noise limitsSEPP N-1 noise limits are calculated taking into account land ‘zoning types’ within a 70 m and 200 m radius of a noise sensitive building. Zoning types are categorised as type 1, 2 or 3.1 A prescribed formula is used to calculate a corresponding Zoning Level. In general, zone type designations are as follows.

• areas such as residential, rural and open space are type 1;

• areas such as commercial, business and light industry are type 2; and

• areas such as general industry and major roads are type 3.

Greater areas of type 2 and 3 land within a 200 m radius of a noise sensitive site result in higherZoning Levels than a site with respectively larger areas of type 1 land.

The SEPP N-1 Noise Limit is equal to the ‘zoning level’ unless the background level at the noise sensitive site is categorised as low or high according to Clause B3 of the Policy. If the background level is low or high, the Noise Limit is calculated from a formula taking into account the Zoning Level and the Background Level.

The limits are separately defined for the day, evening and night periods as defined in Table 23.

Table 23: SEPP N-1 time periods and noise limits

Period Day of week

Start time

End time Measured background,

LA90 dB

Zoning level,

dB

Background relative to

zoning level

Noise limit, Leff dB

Day Monday- Friday

0700 hrs 1800 hrs 43 55 Neutral 55

Saturday 0700 hrs 1300 hrs

Evening Monday- Friday

1800 hrs 2200 hrs 44 48 Neutral 48

Saturday 1300 hrs 2200 hrs

Sunday, Public holidays

0700 hrs 2200 hrs

Night Monday- Sunday

2200 hrs 0700 hrs 36 43 Neutral 43

C2 Clause 58 of the Victorian Planning Provisions (VPP)Clause 58 of the Victorian Planning Provisions (VPP) applies to apartment developments of five or more storeys and introduces new requirements for apartment developments including noise impacts.

The apartment provisions contain Objectives, Standards and Decision Guidelines. Planning advisory note 66 (April 2017) defines these terms as follows:

1 EPA Publication no.: 316a, 17 February 2000, Designation of Types of Zones and Reservations in the Metropolitan Region Planning Schemes for the Purposes of State Environment Protection Policy (Control of Noise from Commerce, Industry and Trade) No. N-1 <http://www.epa.vic.gov.au/our-work/publications/publication/2000/february/316a>


Objectives describe the desired outcome to be achieved in the completed development

A Standard contains the requirements to meet the objective. A standard should normally be met. However, if the responsible authority is satisfied that an alternative design solution meets the objective, the alternative design solution may be considered.

Decisions guidelines set out the matters that the responsible authority must consider before deciding if an application meets the objectives. When an alternative design solution is proposed, the effect of the design solution on the achievement of other objectives should be considered.

Clause 58.04-3 relates specifically to noise and contains the following.

Noi s e i mp ac t s o b j e c t i v e s

To contain noise sources in the development that may affect existing dwellings

To protect residents from external and internal noise sources

St an d a r d (D16 )

Noise sources, such as mechanical plant should not be located near bedrooms of immediately adjacent existing dwellings.

The layout of new dwellings and buildings should minimise noise transmission within the site.

Noise sensitive rooms (such as living areas and bedrooms) should be located to avoid noise impacts from mechanical plants, lifts, building services, non-residential uses, car parking, communal areas and other dwellings.

New dwellings should be designed and constructed to include acoustic attenuation measures to reduce noise levels from off-site noise sources. Buildings within a noise influence area specified in Table D3 should be designed and constructed to achieve the following noise levels:

• Not greater than 35dB(A) for bedrooms, assessed as an LAeq,8h from 10pm to 6am.

• Not greater than 40dB(A) for living areas, assessed LAeq,16h from 6am to

10pm. Buildings, or part of a building screened from a noise source by an existing solid

structure,or the natural topography of the land, do not need to meet the specified noise level requirements.

Noise levels should be assessed in unfurnished rooms with a finished floor and the windows closed.

Table D3 Noise influence area

Noise source Noise influence area

Zone interface Industry 300 metres from the Industrial 1, 2 and 3 zone boundary

Noise influence area Roads Freeways, tollways and other roads carrying 40,000 Annual Average Daily Traffic Volume

300 metres from the nearest trafficable lane

...


Railways Railway servicing passengers in Victoria 80 metres from the centre of the nearest track

Railway servicing freight outside MetropolitanVictoria


Railway servicing freight in Metropolitan Melbourne 135 metres from the centre of the nearest track

Area

Living areasSleeping areas

Work areas

Apartment common areas (eg, lobbies)


Note: The noise influence area should be measured from the closest part of the building to the noise source.

D e c i s i o n g u i d e l i n e s

Before deciding on an application, the responsible authority must consider:

• The design response.

• Whether it can be demonstrated that the design treatment incorporated into the development meets the specified noise levels or an acoustic report by a suitably qualified consultant submitted with the application.

• Whether the impact of potential noise sources within a development have been mitigated through design, location and siting.

• Whether the layout of rooms within a dwelling mitigates noise transfer within and between dwellings.

• Whether an alternative design meets the relevant objectives having regard to the amenity of the dwelling and the site context.

Buildings should be designed so that noise from surrounding transport sources will meet the above criteria. It is noted that the criteria in Clause 58 is generally consistent with the recommended design levels contained in AS2107.

C3 AS2107 - Internal noise levels

Recommended internal noise levels for spaces of varying usage, applicable to semi-continuous sources such as road traffic, are provided in Australian Standard AS 2107:2016 Acoustics - Recommended design sound levels and reverberation times for building interiors (AS2107).

Table 24: shows the recommended internal design sound levels stated in AS2107 for “houses and apartments in inner city areas or entertainment districts or near major roads”, which is considered to be applicable to the proposed development.

Table 24: AS2107 recommended internal noise levels, LAeq dB

Recommended design sound level range

35-45

35-40

35-45

45-50

Compliance with the lower level is preferred, but compliance with the maximum noise level is considered to be acceptable.

AS2107 does not specify the measurement procedure to determine whether compliance has been achieved but does state the following:

In situations where traffic (or other) noise levels may vary widely over a 24-hour period, measurements to assess compliance with this Standard should be taken at the relevant time according to the area of occupancy or activity in the building.


Given the above, it could be argued that compliance measurements for bedrooms should be made during the period between 2200-0700hrs (commonly referred to as the night period), although this does not allow for those occupants who may be shift workers or such like that may have a requirement to sleep during the day. For living and dining rooms, the compliance measurement could be made during the period between 0700-2200hrs (commonly referred to as the day/evening period).

Further, AS2107 does not specify the noise measurement duration. It is recommended that compliance generally be assessed based on the typical worst-case 15-minute LAeq

noise level throughout the relevant time period (eg, night-time for bedrooms).

The requirements of Clause 58 of the VPP are mostly consistent with the requirements of AS2107and further they nominate the time period during which compliance measurements should be made.

C4 Sleep Disturbance

The NSW Road Noise Policy 2011 produced by the NSW EPA, provides guidance on potential for sleep disturbance. While the Policy applies strictly only in NSW, the provisions of the document are often referred to in Victoria for general guidance on potential sleep disturbance.

The NSW policy notes that from the research on sleep disturbance to date it can be concluded that:

• Maximum internal noise levels below 50–55dB LAmax are unlikely to awaken people from sleep

• One or two noise events per night, with maximum internal noise levels of

65–70dB LAmax, are not likely to affect health and wellbeing significantly.

It is noted that the maximum internal noise levels are prescribed for instances where windows to an internal area would be open. It is accepted that internal noise levels in conventional dwellings with the windows open are generally 10 dBA lower than external noise levels.

Based on these NSW EPA findings, a noise level of 60-65 dBA outside an open bedroom window would be unlikely to cause awakening reactions.

C5 Apartment/domestic air-conditioning plant noise criteriaNoise from fixed domestic plant associated with residential properties must comply with the requirements of the Environment Protection (Residential Noise) Regulations 2008 (Statutory Rule No.121/2008) which sets out provisions for control of noise from domestic appliances including motorized equipment, electric power equipment, domestic air-conditioning plant, swimming pool pumps and musical equipment, whether amplified or not.

The regulation does not prescribe noise limits for the equipment, but it does prescribe allowable hours of operation for the purposes of determining whether noise is ‘unreasonable’ at residential premises under Section 48A(5) of the Environment Protection Act 1970.

The Environment and Protection (Residential Noise) regulation 2008 is the only legislation regarding residential noise in the State of Victoria.

Group 3 of the schedule of prescribed items covers domestic air-conditioners and domestic heating equipment, and prohibits hours of operation as follows:

• Monday to Friday: before 0700hrs and after 2200hrs

• Weekends and Public Holidays: before 0900hrs and after 2200hrs


Notwithstanding the above requirements, it is not always practical to turn off air-conditioning units during the night-time hours. If noise was inaudible inside any residence, then Section 48A (5) of the Environment Protection Act would effectively be achieved. This is consistent with Section 1 of EPA Publication 1254, Noise Control Guidelines which provides recommended noise criteria for fixed domestic plant.

These Noise Control Guidelines are used by local authorities and municipal councils to assess noise issues and recommend the following:

Day and evening operation

Where noise from any fixed domestic plant occurs beyond the residential property boundary, the broadband intrusive noise resulting from its use shall not exceed the background noise level by more than 5dB when measured at the property boundary.

Night operation

The noise from fixed domestic plant must not be audible within a habitable room of any other residence (regardless of whether any door or window giving access to the room is open) during prohibited hours.

C6 Waste collectionEPA Publication 1254 Noise Control Guidelines provides the following recommendations for industrial waste collections:

• Refuse bins should be located at sites that provide minimal annoyance to residential premises

• Compaction should be carried out while the vehicle is moving

• Bottles should not be broken up at the collection site

• Routes which service predominantly residential areas should be altered regularly to reduce early morning disturbances

• Noisy verbal communication between operators should be avoided where possible.

The following schedule of acceptable times for waste collection is also provided in the EPA NoiseControl Guidelines:

One collection per week

6:30am-8pm Monday to Saturday

9am-8pm Sunday and public holidays

Two or more collections per week

7am-8pm Monday to Saturday

9am-8pm Sunday and public holidays.

It is recommended that waste disposal activities adhere to the above guidelines and procedures.


C7 DeliveriesEPA (Vic) publication no.: 1254, Noise Control Guidelines states the following concerning store deliveries:

Where a residential area will be impacted by noise from deliveries, the deliveries should be inaudible in a habitable room of any residential premises (regardless of whether any door or window giving access to the room is open) outside the hours contained in the schedule

Schedule: Deliveries to shops, supermarkets & service stations

• 7 am-10 pm Monday to Saturday

• 9 am-10 pm Sundays and Public Holidays.

C8 Rail noise

The Victorian Passenger Rail Infrastructure Noise Policy (VPRINP) was released in April 2013. Section 5 of the policy sets out the conditions under which transport bodies must apply the policy.

The policy sets ‘investigation thresholds’ for the assessment of noise. These are noise levels, which ifexceeded, indicate that noise mitigation should be considered. It states that:

In considering changing land use near an existing passenger rail corridor, transport bodies and planning authorities should consider the receivers set out in Table B in Attachment 2. Transport bodies and planning authorities should consider whether the noise level produced at these receivers will exceed the investigation thresholds for the periods specified in Table B in Attachment 2. [Table B of Attachment 2 is reproduced below as Table 25: in this report.]

If an assessment shows the investigation thresholds are not exceeded, noise impacts should be considered a secondary matter. This means no further action need be considered under this policy.

The investigation thresholds are defined in terms of:

• LAeq,16h – equivalent continuous daytime (0600-2200hrs) noise level

• LAeq,8h – equivalent continuous night-time (2200-0600hrs) noise level

• LAmax – maximum noise level.

Investigation thresholds for the redevelopment of land near existing rail infrastructure are presented in Table 25.

Table 25: Investigation thresholds for changing allowable land use near an existing rail corridor

Time Type of receiver Investigation thresholds

Daytime

(0600-2200hrs)

Night-time

(2200-0600hrs)

Residential dwellings including aged person homes, hospitals, motels, caravan parks, and other buildings where people sleep.

Noise sensitive community buildings including schools, kindergartens, libraries

Residential dwellings including aged person homes, hospitals, motels, caravan parks, and other buildings where people sleep.

65dB LAeq,16h or 85dB LAmax

60dB LAeq,8h or 85dB LAmax


The investigation thresholds are not design criteria. Should the investigation thresholds be exceeded by passenger trains, then the following internal design targets are recommended by MDA based on sleep disturbance as per Section D5:

• Bedrooms: 50-55 dB LAmax

• Other living areas: 60 dB LAmax

• Shops/offices: 65 dB LAmax

The VPRINP requires the maximum railway noise be based on the 95th percentile of the maximum for all measured events. Where practical, maximum noise levels of trains and vehicles should meet internal sleep disturbance criteria with windows of apartments closed. The assessment should consider the airborne and structure-borne components.

These criteria are based on a precedent set in the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal (VCAT) regarding acceptable internal noise levels for residences adjacent to Tramway lines (Reference No. P2470/2003). In this case, a decision to grant a permit was made on the basis that the noise level of trains was not to exceed 55 dB LAmax in bedrooms and 60 dB LAmax in living areas. These levels were based on the commonly-used criteria for sleep disturbance taken from the NSW Road Noise Policy.

Since 2003, there have been two VCAT decisions which have recommended an internal noise criterion of 50 dB LAmax in bedrooms. However, there is no compelling case for the lower criterion as the decisions were not based on objective evidence presented to the Tribunal and are, in MDA’s opinion, unnecessarily restrictive; 55 dB LAmax is very close to the threshold of onset for noise-related sleep disturbance, and there is almost no significant difference (<1%) in reported levels of sleep disturbance between 55 dB LAmax and 50 dB LAmax.

C9 Structural vibration

Vibration criteria for continuous (and intermittent) vibration in buildings are presented in ISO Standard 101372. In regard to human comfort, this standard provides recommended guidelines for structural vibration for different building usages. Appendix E of the standard defines limit curves that specify vibration levels at a range of frequencies, defined as a series of spectral vibration curves (VC). VC 1.4, VC 2 and VC 4 are the appropriate targets for bedroom, living and commercial areas respectively. Table 26presents these curves in numeric form.

Table 26: Vertical vibration velocity criteria: LV dB (re 10-6mm/s rms)

Criteria* Third Octave band mid frequency

2 2.5 3.15 4 5 6.3 8 10-80 Hz

VC 1.4 night-time residential 118 115 112 109 107 105 103 103 dB

VC 2 daytime residential 127 118 115 112 110 108 106 106 dB

VC-4 commercial/offices 127 124 121 118 116 114 112 112 dB* Vibration Curves (VC) 1.4 , 2 & 4 from ISO 10137:2007

Structural floor vibration in the respective building spaces should not exceed these third octave targets when trains pass by the proposed development. Note that for structural vibration frequencies8 Hz and above, the criteria are constant, with maximum recommended vibration velocity levels of Lv 103 dB, Lv 106 dB & Lv 112 dB for bedroom and living areas and commercial areas respectively. As consistent with the noise assessment, the 95th percentile statistical maximum vibration of all rail passes is used for the vibration assessment.

...


2 ISO 10137:2007 – Serviceability of buildings and walkways against vibrations Annex C Table C.1

Residentialassessment period

Low probability ofadverse comment

Adverse commentpossible

Daytime (16hrs) 0.2 – 0.4 0.4 – 0.8

Night-time (8hrs) 0.1 – 0.2 0.2 – 0.4


The perception of vibration can be affected not only by the level, but also the duration and exposure. Criteria to assess vibration exposure over an 8-hour (night) or 16-hour (daytime) is provided in BS64723. The relevant parameter is the estimated Vibration Dose Value (eVDV) which is a measure ofthe total energy experienced for a range of separate events, based on the vibration amplitude of each event, the number of events per period and the duration of each event. The VDV criteria reproduced from BS6472 is presented in Table 27.

Table 27: BS 6472 VDV impact assessment criteria m/s1.75

Adverse comment probable

0.8 – 1.6

0.4 -0.8

By assessing the VDV, the duration of and exposure to all train events over the nominated period can be established.

In general, the allowable vibration levels are well below that considered for potential structural damage and are not injurious to health. The criteria allow for an acceptable level of human comfort whilst also allowing for some train passes to still be somewhat perceptible at times. This is not unexpected for properties adjacent to a railway line.

C10 Structure-borne rail noiseIn order to ensure that the cumulative effect of airborne and structure-borne train noise is less than the criteria, the predicted maximum structure-borne sound is ideally 10 dB less than the respective airborne internal LAmax design targets.

3 British Standard BS 6472-1:2008 Guide to evaluation of human exposure to vibration in buildings. Vibration sources other than blasting


APPENDIX D NOISE AND VIBRATION MEASURMENT DETAILSFigure D1: Measurement locations

North position– noise only

South position –noise and vibration

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