Rosalie Stewart

What are Crop Circles?What are Crop Circles?

Crop circles are Crop circles are geometrical patterns geometrical patterns (not necessarily (not necessarily circular) found in circular) found in cultivated crops. cultivated crops.

They are studied by They are studied by so-called so-called “cereologists”“cereologists”

When Did Crop Circles When Did Crop Circles First Appear?First Appear?

Some sources say as early as the 17Some sources say as early as the 17 thth century century and earlier.and earlier.

Others say that the first Others say that the first documenteddocumented case was case was in 1880 by John Rand Capron.in 1880 by John Rand Capron.

A case was “sort of” documented in Australia in A case was “sort of” documented in Australia in the 1960’s.the 1960’s.

The first time crop circles were publicized by The first time crop circles were publicized by the media was 1978 by Doug Bower and Dave the media was 1978 by Doug Bower and Dave Chorley in Hampshire, England. (they kept up Chorley in Hampshire, England. (they kept up the hoax that it was extraterrestrials till 1991)the hoax that it was extraterrestrials till 1991)

What Plants Are Crop What Plants Are Crop Circles Found In?Circles Found In? WheatWheat OatsOats SpinachSpinach GrassGrass PeasPeas Rice Rice LinseedLinseed Maize/cornMaize/corn

Oil-seed rapeOil-seed rape SunflowersSunflowers MustardMustard BarleyBarley Sugar-beatSugar-beat RyeRye Even more....Even more....

What are some explanations What are some explanations of crop circles?of crop circles?

Ball Lightning Ball Lightning Whirlwind vortexWhirlwind vortex Plasma vortexPlasma vortex Earth energiesEarth energies Extra-terrestrial originExtra-terrestrial origin Underground Underground

archeological sitesarcheological sites Chemical applicationsChemical applications HoaxesHoaxes

The Military The Military The DevilThe Devil Rutting HedghogsRutting Hedghogs God forceGod force

What are signs that a What are signs that a crop circle is “real”?crop circle is “real”?

Expanded nodesExpanded nodes Electromagnetic Electromagnetic

ResponseResponse Dowsing TechniquesDowsing Techniques Validity of the SymbolValidity of the Symbol Some residual material Some residual material

(like the layer of oxidized (like the layer of oxidized lead found after the lead found after the Persied Meteor Shower) Persied Meteor Shower)

What is some evidence to What is some evidence to suggest it is all done by suggest it is all done by hoaxers?hoaxers? Escalation in Escalation in

frequency.frequency. Geographic Geographic

DistributionDistribution Increase in Increase in

complexitycomplexity NocternalNocternal Cereologists who Cereologists who

insist some circles insist some circles are genuine never are genuine never use blind testing to use blind testing to eliminate bias from eliminate bias from their experiments. their experiments.

So, How Would Someone Go So, How Would Someone Go About Making a Crop Circle?About Making a Crop Circle?

First, find a religiously/historically significant place.First, find a religiously/historically significant place. Find some obscure symbolism that somehow relates to the placeFind some obscure symbolism that somehow relates to the place Map out a design (If you feel it is necessary) Map out a design (If you feel it is necessary) Obtain some standard surveying equipment, along with appropriately Obtain some standard surveying equipment, along with appropriately

sized ropes and boards.sized ropes and boards. Choose a time when there is much natural lighting, i.e. a full moon. First, Choose a time when there is much natural lighting, i.e. a full moon. First,

you won’t risk getting caught by using lights. Second, a full moon adds you won’t risk getting caught by using lights. Second, a full moon adds credibility to the site.credibility to the site.

Hang out somewhere nearby till dark to scope out the locals and leave Hang out somewhere nearby till dark to scope out the locals and leave when people head in for the evening.when people head in for the evening.

Park somewhere a car won’t be noticed and walk to the site, preferably Park somewhere a car won’t be noticed and walk to the site, preferably through the woods as so to not attract attention. Or alternately, drop the through the woods as so to not attract attention. Or alternately, drop the equipment off to the field, park somewhere else and walk there without equipment off to the field, park somewhere else and walk there without arousing suspicion with bulky equipment.arousing suspicion with bulky equipment.

Make the crop circle.Make the crop circle. Leave.Leave.

Scientific TestingScientific Testing Has already been done!!!Has already been done!!!

People (Circlemakers) have been People (Circlemakers) have been contracted many times to make crop contracted many times to make crop circles, with no artificial lighting, at circles, with no artificial lighting, at night, without detection from the public, night, without detection from the public, that many experts refuse to attribute to that many experts refuse to attribute to human creation.human creation.

Blind testing of sites (inside and outside Blind testing of sites (inside and outside the circles, different fields, and known the circles, different fields, and known hoaxes) for a pre-established set of hoaxes) for a pre-established set of requirements in order to be considered requirements in order to be considered a genuine crop circle.a genuine crop circle.

Why Do People Persist in Why Do People Persist in Their Believe?Their Believe?

Desire to believe in a higher power than Desire to believe in a higher power than themselvesthemselves

Pseudo-scientific jargon such as “plasma Pseudo-scientific jargon such as “plasma vortexes” and “Microwave Transient Heating” vortexes” and “Microwave Transient Heating” used to describe possible explanations of crop used to describe possible explanations of crop circlescircles

The titles of “Dr.” and “Biophysicist” before The titles of “Dr.” and “Biophysicist” before peoples’ names implies credibility.peoples’ names implies credibility.

Supports preconceived ideas of the universe.Supports preconceived ideas of the universe. Distrust of real scientists and science. Distrust of real scientists and science.