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Root Cause Analysis Workshop Leadership in KIA

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Page 1: Root Cause Analysis€¦ · •The harder you push, the harder the system pushes (compensating back) Prinsip SLLO •Behavior grows better before it grows worse (hati-hati dengan

Root Cause Analysis

Workshop Leadership in KIA

Page 2: Root Cause Analysis€¦ · •The harder you push, the harder the system pushes (compensating back) Prinsip SLLO •Behavior grows better before it grows worse (hati-hati dengan

Prinsip SLLO

• Today’s problem come from yesterday’s

solutions

Page 3: Root Cause Analysis€¦ · •The harder you push, the harder the system pushes (compensating back) Prinsip SLLO •Behavior grows better before it grows worse (hati-hati dengan

Prinsip SLLO

• The harder you push, the harder the system

pushes (compensating back)

Page 4: Root Cause Analysis€¦ · •The harder you push, the harder the system pushes (compensating back) Prinsip SLLO •Behavior grows better before it grows worse (hati-hati dengan

Prinsip SLLO

• Behavior grows better before it grows worse

(hati-hati dengan efek sementara)

Page 5: Root Cause Analysis€¦ · •The harder you push, the harder the system pushes (compensating back) Prinsip SLLO •Behavior grows better before it grows worse (hati-hati dengan

Prinsip SLLO

• The easy way out usually leads back in

Page 6: Root Cause Analysis€¦ · •The harder you push, the harder the system pushes (compensating back) Prinsip SLLO •Behavior grows better before it grows worse (hati-hati dengan

Prinsip SLLO

• The cure can be worse than the disease

Page 7: Root Cause Analysis€¦ · •The harder you push, the harder the system pushes (compensating back) Prinsip SLLO •Behavior grows better before it grows worse (hati-hati dengan

Prinsip SLLO

• Faster is slower

Page 8: Root Cause Analysis€¦ · •The harder you push, the harder the system pushes (compensating back) Prinsip SLLO •Behavior grows better before it grows worse (hati-hati dengan

Prinsip SLLO

• Cause and effect are not closely related in time

and space

Page 9: Root Cause Analysis€¦ · •The harder you push, the harder the system pushes (compensating back) Prinsip SLLO •Behavior grows better before it grows worse (hati-hati dengan

Small changes can produce big results – but the

areas of highest leverage are often the least

obvious (leverage)

Page 10: Root Cause Analysis€¦ · •The harder you push, the harder the system pushes (compensating back) Prinsip SLLO •Behavior grows better before it grows worse (hati-hati dengan

Prinsip SLLO

• There is no blame (Systems thinking shows us

that there is no outside; that you and the cause

of your problems are part of a single system)

Page 11: Root Cause Analysis€¦ · •The harder you push, the harder the system pushes (compensating back) Prinsip SLLO •Behavior grows better before it grows worse (hati-hati dengan

Sistematika

• Kasus sehari-hari

• Prinsip dasar RCA

• Mengapa perlu RCA

• Bagaimana melakukan RCA

Page 12: Root Cause Analysis€¦ · •The harder you push, the harder the system pushes (compensating back) Prinsip SLLO •Behavior grows better before it grows worse (hati-hati dengan

Kasus

• Terlambat datang ke workshop 30 menit karena ban motor bocor

Page 13: Root Cause Analysis€¦ · •The harder you push, the harder the system pushes (compensating back) Prinsip SLLO •Behavior grows better before it grows worse (hati-hati dengan

Apa Root Cause Analysis

• Menemukan akar penyebab suatu

“kejadian” atau “kecelakaan”

• Menemukan sedikitnya satu penyebab

yang dapat ditindaklanjuti yang dapat

memenuhi tujuan kita dan di dalam

kendali kita

Page 14: Root Cause Analysis€¦ · •The harder you push, the harder the system pushes (compensating back) Prinsip SLLO •Behavior grows better before it grows worse (hati-hati dengan

Langkah 1: Definisi masalah• Apa masalahnya?

• Kapan terjadinya?

• Dimana terjadinya?

• Apa maknanya?

• HINDARI Siapa – menyalahkan

(menghindar dan diam)

Work backward chronologically from event

Work forward chronologically to clarify (Paradies)

Page 15: Root Cause Analysis€¦ · •The harder you push, the harder the system pushes (compensating back) Prinsip SLLO •Behavior grows better before it grows worse (hati-hati dengan

Identifikasi outcomes

• Real – Ngebut

• Potential – luka serius karena ngebut

• Bisa jadi ada beberapa outcomes

multipel:

– Kecelakaan menyebabkan mobil rusak

– Kecelakaan menyebabkan luka

Page 16: Root Cause Analysis€¦ · •The harder you push, the harder the system pushes (compensating back) Prinsip SLLO •Behavior grows better before it grows worse (hati-hati dengan

Langkah 2: Cari penyebab

• Menemukan penyebab yang dapat ditindak

lanjuti dan dalam kendali kita

Sumbernya

Bahan2 mudah terbakar

Oksigen

Keba

karan

Page 17: Root Cause Analysis€¦ · •The harder you push, the harder the system pushes (compensating back) Prinsip SLLO •Behavior grows better before it grows worse (hati-hati dengan

Sebab dan akibat adalah

rangkaian Akibat karena Sebab

1. Luka Jatuh

2. Jatuh Permukaan basah

3. Permukaan

basah

Kran bocor

4. Kran bocor Seal rusak

5. Seal rusak Tidak ada

pemeliharaan

1 2 3 4 5

Rangkaian sebab

Page 18: Root Cause Analysis€¦ · •The harder you push, the harder the system pushes (compensating back) Prinsip SLLO •Behavior grows better before it grows worse (hati-hati dengan

Rangkaian sebab

• Toyota menanyakan “mengapa” sebanyak

5 kali

• Pertanyaan “mengapa” hingga:

– I don’t know (ketidak tahuan ditandai dg ?)

– I don’t care (Jatuh karena gravitasi. Kenapa

ada gravitasi? Tidak tahu)

Page 19: Root Cause Analysis€¦ · •The harder you push, the harder the system pushes (compensating back) Prinsip SLLO •Behavior grows better before it grows worse (hati-hati dengan

Buat pohon penyebab• Untuk tiap akibat, tanyakan kenapa?

• Cari kondisi dan tindakan

• Hubungkan dengan penyebab

• Lengkapi sebab dengan bukti– Dirasakan (1st hand experienced)

– Disimpulkan (hasil diskusi dan bacaan)

– Intuisi

– Emosional (bagaimana perasaan thd kejadian tsb)

bai

k

Page 20: Root Cause Analysis€¦ · •The harder you push, the harder the system pushes (compensating back) Prinsip SLLO •Behavior grows better before it grows worse (hati-hati dengan

Membuat pohon penyebab

• Menemukan:

– Apa yang terjadi

– Apa yang biasanya terjadi

– Kebijakan yang diperlukan

• Mencari:

– Kesalahan manusia

– Pelanggaran prosedur

– Kegagalan mekanis

– Penyebab lain

Page 21: Root Cause Analysis€¦ · •The harder you push, the harder the system pushes (compensating back) Prinsip SLLO •Behavior grows better before it grows worse (hati-hati dengan

Langkah 1

Tangan

patahOrang

jatuhCaused

By

Page 22: Root Cause Analysis€¦ · •The harder you push, the harder the system pushes (compensating back) Prinsip SLLO •Behavior grows better before it grows worse (hati-hati dengan

Langkah 2

Tangan

patahCaused

By

Orang

jatuh

Tangan

Menahan

jatuh

Caused

Bydst.

Caused

Bydst.

Page 23: Root Cause Analysis€¦ · •The harder you push, the harder the system pushes (compensating back) Prinsip SLLO •Behavior grows better before it grows worse (hati-hati dengan

Langkah 3

Tangan

patah

Kekuatan

besar

Caused

By

Posisi

tangan

Tangan

Menahan

jatuh

Overweight

Caused

By

Caused

Bydst

Caused

By

Evidence

Evidence

Evidence

Evidence

Evidence

Page 24: Root Cause Analysis€¦ · •The harder you push, the harder the system pushes (compensating back) Prinsip SLLO •Behavior grows better before it grows worse (hati-hati dengan

Kesalahan manusia

• Omissions: gagal melakukan sesuatu yang

diharuskan

• Mistake: rencana salah, pelaksanaan salah

• Slip: rencana benar, pelaksanaan tidak seperti

rencana

• Lapse: mirip dengan slip

Page 25: Root Cause Analysis€¦ · •The harder you push, the harder the system pushes (compensating back) Prinsip SLLO •Behavior grows better before it grows worse (hati-hati dengan

Pelanggaran prosedur

Normal

Error

At-Risk

Behavior

Reckless

Conduct

Intended

action

No Yes Yes

Knew risk

of action

No No Yes

“Blame-free” baik, bagaimana dg rencana

yang salah.

Page 26: Root Cause Analysis€¦ · •The harder you push, the harder the system pushes (compensating back) Prinsip SLLO •Behavior grows better before it grows worse (hati-hati dengan

Kegagalan mekanik

• Semua kegagalan mekanik yang tidak

diharapkan harus ada penyebabnya:

– Desain salah

– Defek produksi

– Mis-maintained

– Mis-operated

Page 27: Root Cause Analysis€¦ · •The harder you push, the harder the system pushes (compensating back) Prinsip SLLO •Behavior grows better before it grows worse (hati-hati dengan

Kondisi penyebab lain

• Lingkungan fisik

• Kepemimpinan

• Desain alat

• Kebijakan

• Prosedur

• Kinerja individu

• Lingkungan

organisasi

• Pengetahuan,

keterampilan &

kompetensi

• komunikasi

Page 28: Root Cause Analysis€¦ · •The harder you push, the harder the system pushes (compensating back) Prinsip SLLO •Behavior grows better before it grows worse (hati-hati dengan

Kekuatan hubungan

• Penyebab langsung

– A selalu menimbulkan B

• Probabilistik

– A meningkatkan terjadinya B

• Korelasi

– Bila terjadi A maka B cenderung terjadi

– Tidak jelas hubungan sebab akibatnya

Page 29: Root Cause Analysis€¦ · •The harder you push, the harder the system pushes (compensating back) Prinsip SLLO •Behavior grows better before it grows worse (hati-hati dengan

Buang data bukan penyebab

• Bisa dianggap penyebab bila memang sudah ada aturan untuk hal tersebut

• Bedakan dengan strategi pencegahan

Pagar di balkon gedung tinggi (?)

Pagar di suatu terowongan (?)

Page 30: Root Cause Analysis€¦ · •The harder you push, the harder the system pushes (compensating back) Prinsip SLLO •Behavior grows better before it grows worse (hati-hati dengan

Langkah RCA

• Langkah 1: Tentukan masalah

• Langkah 2: Menemukan penyebab (mengapa?????), beri evidence

– Kesalahan manusia

– Pelanggaran prosedur

– Kegagalan mekanis

– Penyebab lain

• Kekuatan hubungan (beri tanda +++ sd +)

• Buang data bukan penyebab (fakta)

Page 31: Root Cause Analysis€¦ · •The harder you push, the harder the system pushes (compensating back) Prinsip SLLO •Behavior grows better before it grows worse (hati-hati dengan

Laporan

• Hubungan sebab akibat harus jelas

• Jangan membuat laporan yang overstate,

understate, atau emosional.

Page 32: Root Cause Analysis€¦ · •The harder you push, the harder the system pushes (compensating back) Prinsip SLLO •Behavior grows better before it grows worse (hati-hati dengan

Diskusi Kelompok

• Masalah tingginya kematian maternal masih

menjadi masalah utama di Indonesia. Lakukan

Root Cause Analysis dalam kelompok sesuai

dengan kondisi yang dihadapi. Buat pohon

penyebab untuk dipresentasikan dalam sesi

berikutnya.