Content Vocab:

Open Door PolicyGreat White FleetBoxer Rebellion

Dollar DiplomacyMoral Diplomacy

Big Stick DiplomacyPanama Canal

Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson

Academic Vocab:

Occursspecific

“Speak softly but carry a big stick” –African

ProverbWhat do you think is the

meaning of this quote? Take a

guess

American Presidential Diplomacy

Roosevelt Taft WilsonBig Stick

DiplomacyDollar Diplomacy Moral Diplomacy

Diplomacy

• Definition: The art or practice of conducting international relations, as in negotiating alliances, treaties, and agreements.

Roosevelt Elected

• Teddy Roosevelt is elected President in 1900, he is popular from his Rough Rider image

• Embraced the ideas of Anglo-Saxonism

• Intended to make the country a world power

• Teddy Roosevelt

• OBJECTIVE: – KEEP EUROPE OUT

of Latin America (Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine)

– USE FORCE to defend American interests in Latin America

“Big Stick” Diplomacy

Speak Softly but Carry a BIG STICK

• This was an amendment to the Monroe Doctrine.

• The “Roosevelt Corollary” stated that the U.S. would intervene in Latin American affairs when necessary to maintain peace and stability in the Western Hemisphere.• Reaffirm that Europe

stays out of “our side” of the world… we will handle it

US can intervene in Latin American

Affairs

We are the top dog in the Western

Hemisphere

Roosevelt Corollary

From TR’s 1904 Annual Message

“All that this country desires is to see the neighboring countries stable, orderly, and prosperous. Any country whose people conduct themselves well can count upon our hearty friendship. If a nation shows that it knows how to act with reasonable efficiency and decency in social and political matters, if it keeps order and pays its obligations, it need fear no interference from the United States. Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may… ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power.”

This is my “STICK”

• In 1907 Roosevelt sent 16 battleships of the US Navy on a voyage around the world to showcase the nation’s military might.

• The tour made a stop in Japan to demonstrate that the US could and would uphold its interests in Asia

Great White Fleet

This is getting old...

The World’s Most Important Shortcut

Panama Canal

An area of water that is dug across land. Canals connect bodies of water so that ships can travel between them.

What is a Canal?

Where is Panama?

Panama

Canal

REBELLION

• In 1903 the US supported a rebellion against Colombia and helped rebels establish a breakaway state of Panama

• In exchange for the support, the US won the right to build a canal across Panama and control the adjacent territory known as the Panama Canal Zone

US Supports Rebellion

shorten the trip by nearly 8,000 miles

Why is the Canal Important?• The Spanish-American War brought the need for a short cut between the Atlantic

• and Pacific oceans.

• Expand trade with Latin America

• Allows the United States to better defend itself and better protect interests. • Can quickly move its

warships from one ocean to the other

Laborers

The Panama Canal:The first ship to transit the Panama Canal on

August 15, 1914

• 1904 The United States begins working on the Canal

• 1914 The canal is completed• It wasn’t until 1977 that the United

States signed a treaty with Panama and agreed to give Panama control of the canal in 1999

“Our interests and those of our southern neighbors are in reality identical. They have great natural riches, and if within their borders the reign of law and justice obtains, prosperity is sure to come to them….We would interfere with them only if it became evident that their inability or unwillingness to do justice at home and abroad had violated the rights of the United States or had invited foreign aggression to the detriment of the entire body of American nations.”

The United States supported a revolution in Panama at the turn of the 20th century in

order to

secure the right to build a canal through Central America.

Checking for Understanding

What were the US benefits of the Panama Canal?

• Expand trade with Latin America• better protect interests.

• quickly move its warships between oceans

Checking for Understanding

The Roosevelt Corollary, stating that the United States would intervene in Latin

American to maintain stability, was built upon the…

• Monroe Doctrine

Checking for Understanding

What did the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine state?

• The United States reserved the right to intervene in the affairs of Latin America.

Checking for Understanding

Which of the following diplomatic ideas relied on having a strong naval force?

• Big Stick Diplomacy

Checking for Understanding

Taft & DollarDiplomacy

• OBJECTIVE: – PROTECT American

business interests in Latin America

• Latin American governments were pressured to support US business interests

• By 1913 the US had displaced Great Britain as the leading exporter to Latin America

Dollar Diplomacy

• 1911 – attempted to have American bankers included in international plan to invest in railroads in China

• 1912-Taft ordered Marines into Nicaragua when civil war threatened to prevent repayment of US bank loan

Examples: Dollar Diplomacy

Taft’s Chair at the Mission Inn

“The diplomacy of the present administration has sought to respond to modern ideas of commercial intercourse. This policy has been characterized as substituting dollars for bullets. It is one that appeals alike to idealistic humanitarian sentiments, to the dictates of sound policy and strategy, and to legitimate commercial aims. It is an effort frankly directed to the increase of American trade upon the axiomatic principle that the government of the United States shall extend all proper support to every legitimate and beneficial American enterprise abroad.”

Moral Diplomacy

Pro- American Governments in Latin America

• MORAL DIPLOMACY OBJECTIVE:• SUPPORT democratic

governments in Latin America• OPPOSE oppressive or

undemocratic governments• US INTERESTS Protect US

investments, US encouraged obedient, pro-American governments in Latin America

• When order was threatened, the US did not hesitate to intervene• Between 1903 and 1934 the

US sent armed forces one or more times to six nations in the Caribbean, occupying three of them for more than a decade

Moral Diplomacy Under Wilson

• President Wilson added to the Monroe Doctrine giving it a moral tone

• US had the right to deny recognition to any LA government it viewed as oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile to US interests.

• Pressured LA countries to establish democratic governments

• 1914 – U.S. troops sent to occupy the Mexican port of Vera Cruz

• 1915 – sent Marines into Haiti civil war• 1916 – Pancho Villa raided New Mexico, killing 19

Americans; Wilson sent forces into northern Mexico until• 1916 - In the Philippines- territorial status and promised

independence

• 1917 – sent Marines into the Dominican Republic• 1917 - Puerto Rico- U.S. citizenship granted to Puerto

Rican people; granted limited self-government• 1917- In Mexico – “Watchful Waiting” – for government

supporting civil rights & free elections

Examples: Moral Diplomacy

Noted that his administration desired the "most cordial understanding and cooperation" with Latin America. "As friends … we shall prefer those who act in the interest of peace and honor, who protect private rights, and respect the restraints of constitutional provision.“

“Diplomacy”ALL protected US business

• Roosevelt: Big Stick Diplomacy Assertion of U.S. dominance

• Navy is the Big Stick

• Taft: Dollar Diplomacy The

Effort of the US to further its aims in LA through use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries.

Wilson: Moral Diplomacy support is only given to countries who’s moral beliefs are similar to the US.

Diplomacy: Big Ideas

• Expanded its access to foreign markets in order to ensure growth of the economy

• Built a modern navy to protect its interest abroad

• Used police power to ensure dominance in Latin America

• US emerged as a world power

Impact of Imperialism

The foreign policy of President Taft focused on advancing American commercial interests abroad. Critics called it…

• Dollar Diplomacy

Checking for Understanding

The “diplomacy” in which that the US would only support governments similar

to the US?

• Moral Diplomacy

Checking for Understanding

Roosevelt, Taft, & Wilson’s forms of diplomacy all supported the

protection of…

– US business investment

Checking for Understanding